Bài viết nghiên cứu biến đổi khí hậu tại vùng biển, vùng bờ biển và hải đảo Việt Nam; các kết quả nghiên cứu, đánh giá về các tác động xấu của biến đổi khí hậu tới vùng biển, vùng bờ biển và hải đảo ở Việt Nam.
Trang 1OSi-l "'^
GIAM NHE VA THICH UNG VOI BIEN DOl KHI HAU
DE PHAT TRIEN BEN VUNG KINH TE BIEN
VA HAI DAO VIET NAM
# CHU P H ^ M NGOC HlfiN
Thtt trttdng Bd Tdi nguyin vd Mdi trttdng
k iln ddi khi hdu (BDKH), ntfde biln ddng
^(NBD) dd vd dang xay ra, cd tdc ddng rdt
du tdi tdi nguyin, mdi trfldng biln, vflng
bd biln vd hai ddo nfldc ta Dl gidm thilu
nhflng tdc hji cfla BDKH, NBD, phdt triln bin
vflng kinh t l bien, vung bd biln vd hdi ddo Vi|t
Nam, d n xdy dting vd thflc hi|n cdc giai phdp
thich ting vdi BDKH Trong dd, ehfl trpi^ thtic
hi|n nhflng gidi phdp 'Ididng hdi tile" vdi tinh
khd thi cao, chi phi thap nhflng hi|u qua mang
lai tdt hon
1 BDKH tai vflng biln, vung bd biln vd hdi ddo
ViltNam
Bdo edo etta Uy ban Liln chinh phfl vl BDKH
(IPCC) (1) nam 2012 cho thay trong vdng 132
nam gdn ddy (1880 - 2012), nhi|t dd khdng khi
tdng khodi^ 0,85''C Nhiet dd khdng khi tdng
gin nhtf trin todn d u vd tfly theo khu vtlc mflc
tang ndm trong khodng ttt 0,65°C tdi 1,06''C
Nhi|t dd ntfde biln tang chfl ylu trong ldp mat
vdi tdc dd tang trung bmh cfla nhi|t dd ldp nfldc
cd dd ddy 75m gdn mat biln trong 40 nam gan
ddy (1971-2010) Id 0,irC ttong mdt thdp niin
Mtic nfldc bien todn eau tang tnmg binh trong
khodng thdi gian 10namganddyld3nun/ndm
d Vi|t Nam, kit qud danh gid cfla Bd Tdi
nguyin vd Mdi tnidi^ (2) eho thdy trong 50 nam
qua (1958 - 2007), nhi|t dd trung bhih nam tdng
lln khodng 0,5°C Nhi|t dd mfla ddng tdng nhanh
hdn nhi|t d$ mfla he vd nhi|t dp d cdc vflng khi hdu phia Bdc tdng nhanh hon cae vung khi hdu phia Nam Nhiing ndm gdn ddy, bdo ed cfldng dd manh xuit hi|n nhilu hpn; sd i^dy ndng ndng gia tang Quy d^o bao ed diu hieu djch ehuyin ddn vIphiaNamvamflabaokIt thflc mudn hon, nhilu con bdo cd dtfdng di dj thtfdng hem Miic nfldc tnmg binh vflng ven biln Vi|t Nam da taiig' khodng 2,8 mm/nam Cdc ket quit i^hien ctiu cfla
Bd Tai nguyin vd Mdi trfldng cung cho thdy nhiet
dp nfldc biln ven bd tang dai^ kl, nhdt Id t^ nhflng khu vtic khd kin nhfl khu vtic gin bd trong vjnh Bac Bd vd vjnh Thdi Lan
Nhfl v|y, ed the ndi BDKH vdi cdc bieu hi|n efla nd Id sti gia tdng nlii|t dp vd NBD tiang hi|n hflu trin todn thi gidi vd d Vt|t Nam Do dd, rdt
d n phdi hieu dttng vl cdc tdc ddng ctia BDKH
vd NBD dl xdy dting d c gidi phdp flng phd, nham gidm thilu d c tdc ddng xdu ndy phtjc vu phdt ttiln bin vflng kmh tl biln Vt|t Nam
2 Cac kit qui ngjiiln ciilu, danh gid vl cdc tac ddngxlo cua BDKH tdi vflng biln, vflng bd b i ^
vd hai ddo Vi|t Nam BDKH vd NBD ed tdc ddng rdt ldn tdi ddi ven biln Vflng bd biln vd hdi ddo Id khu vtic se chiu thilt hai nhilu nhlL Thdng thfldng, BDKH vd NBD tai vflng bd biln khdng ldm nay sinh ra dc van dl mdi md chi lam ttam trpng hon cdc vdn
dl dang tdn t ^ Thi dlj, xdi Id t^ mdt vj tti ttIn
Trang 2bd bien hoac hdi dao thfldng xdy ra khi m i t d n
bdng bfln d t vdi Iflpng cung d p bfln d t It hdn
lupng mdt dL BOii xdy ra hi?n tUpng NBD do
BDKH, dp sdu nfldc tgi bd se tang lln, klo theo
sfl gia tang dd cao sdng g i n bd, dSn tdi gia tang
lupng bfln d t bi van chuyin di Trong khi do,
lupng bun d t mang den mdt khu vUc biln php
thupe vdo ngudn cung d p vd thudng la khdng
ddi, thdm chi gin ddy cdn bi gidm di do d c dap
dflpc xdy mdi tten thflpng ngudn cdc con sdng
vd do khai thdc d t bda bai tai d c khu vUc ven
biln vd cfla song Do vdy, sU thilu hpt bdn cat
dupe tang cUdng vd hdu qud Id xdi id se gia tang
Tai khu vUc bd biln dang cd hdng loat d c v&i
d l d n dupe gidi quylt nhU thien tai ed ngudn
gde bi&i (bao, nUde ddng, sdng Idn, trilu
efldng,v.v ), nggp lut, hgn hdn, xdi Id bd biln,
xdm nhgp mgn, d nhiem vd suy thoai mdi
trfldng, V.V BDKH vd NBD se lam tram t r p i ^
hdn eac van d l tten, ldm tdng khd nang tdn
thfldng do thien tai cho todn nfldc \^?t Nam,
dgc bi?t Id vung ven bien Cac nghien edu cho
thiy n l u mflc nfldc biln dang Im, mpt phin ldn
di?n tieh d c tinh d khu vflc Bac Bp vd mpt di?n
tich rat ldn tai khu vflc ddng bang Nam Bp cd
cao dp mgt dat thap hdn mflc nfldc trung binh,
se bj nggp Ipt ngng n l u vd d l
NBD cd t h i gay hgu qua i^hiem ttpi^ tdi tdi
i ^ y l n thiin n h i i n vung bd bien va hai dao
Cdc vung ^ t mau md ven biln se cd khd nang
bi nggp li^t hoae nhiem mgn Cae d n h ddng
nudi tdm, cua cd the phai di chuyin tdi nhflng
ndi khdc Cdc dgc trflng eua d e khu vflc ldn can
khdng bj i ^ p Ipt thfldng xuyen cd t h i bj anh
hfldng vd do vay ckc khu vflc ndy khdng cdn phd
hpp cho sdn xuit ndng nghi?p Thi dp, edng tdc
d p ndde tfldi cho d y ttdng cd t h i bj dnh hddng
n ^ l m ttpng do gia tang xdm nhdp mgn, dac
bi|t la xdm nhdp man vao d c cda sdng vd vdo
d c tang nfldc i ^ l m Cdc vflng bi&i ven bd biln
vd ven cdc hdi ddo ed till bj thay ddi do thay ddi
c h l dp trilu vd d d i ^ chdy Da dang smh hpc tai
vflng bd bien vd ven d c hdi ddo ed the bi suy giam mgnh vd cdc khu vflc sinh sdng dac thd cda d d i ^ vdt biln cd t h i biln m i t Cdc kit qud quan trdc cho thiy rang tang dp mudi gdy ra sfl thay ddi td td ttong phdn bd cae lodi thflc v$.t ttong rfllng ng^p mgn Dilu nay dan tdi sfl suy giam hay biln m i t hodn toan eua rflng nggp mgn tgi d c khu vUc thip Khu vflc cd rflng ng|p mgn cdng bj suy gjdm cdng bj dnh hfldng manh bdi xdm nh|ip mgn vd xdi Id vd cdng tdng kha nang tdn thfldi^ do thien tai nfldc ddng bao Cdc bdi cdt Id khu vflc d c loai rfla bien de trflng cd t h i bj i ^ p Gia tang nhi|t dp nfldc biln vd nang ndng da gdy ra h i | n tflpng tay trdng san hd tiln d i | n rpng Ngodi ra, rgn san hd eung
se bj suy gidm do h i | n tflpng a xit hda dgi
dfldng, gjdm dp pH (nUdc biln bj chua hod) vd
ngip sdu hdn Ngudn nUdc ngpt smh hogt ven bien vd d c hdi ddo da bj dnh hUdng manh bdi xam nhap man Ddn cU sinh sdng ttIn cae vflng
bd biln yk hdi dao de bi tdn thfldng do ng$p Ipt
va xdi Id bd biln dang vd se phdi di ddi Nhilu edng tiinh xay dflng ven bien se bj xdi Id ldm mit cdng nang sfl dpng Trong tfldng lai, cflng vdi stf gia tang cfla mflc nfldc, se cd rit nhieu dan cfl vung ven biln vd ven d e hai ddo phdi di ddi, ldm tang dp lpc khai thdc dit dai vd se ldm gia tang ngn phd rflng de ldm nhd vd ttdng trpt Kit qua eda pha rflng Id da dgng sinh hpc se bi suy gidm, xdi Id gia tang, ng^p Ipt vd nhilm mgn ttd n i n nghiim ttpng hdn
3 Cdc gidi phdp dbgphd vdi BDKH d l phuc vp
phat triln b i n vii!ng kinh t l biln, vdng bd biln
vd hdi ddo ViltNam Cde tinh toan ttIn till gidi cho thiy thi^t hgi
do BDKH cd t h i rit dang k l n l u nhfl d c gidi phdp khdng dflpc thflc h i | n d l gidm thilu hoge tiiich flng vdi BDKH Trin tiifle te, cdc nd Iflc giam thilu BDKH rit khd dflpc ttiln khai vd hi|n tgi d e tdc ddng xlu cda BDKH dd xay ra cdng vdi BDKH n i n vi?e tiiich flng Id d n tiult Mdt trong nhflng logi gidi phdp quan ttpng
Trang 3Trdng rdng ngdp man la biin phdp hdu hiiu di ngdn Id bdt thUdng
nhit de thieh flng vdi cac tdc ddng ed hai eua
BDKH vd NBD la logi gidi phap "khdng hdi
tile" Nhflng giai phap thudc logi ndy se giai
quylt nhflng vdn dl dang tdn tai, do vay tang
cfldng nang Iflc cua d c he thdng tfl nhiin vd xa
hdi dl dng phd vdi nhflng tae ddng ed hai cd
till ed efla BDKH vd NBD tix)ng tddng lai Do
tinh khdng chae chdn vl d c dilu kiln khi hgu
ttong tfldng lai theo cae kieh ban BDKH vd
NBD, vile dp dung cdc gidi phap "khdng hdi
tile" se ludn ed ldi, bdo dam khai thdc, sd dung
hdp ly tdi nguyin, bdo vl mdi trUdng ^^ d c he
sinh thai biln phuc vu phdt triln bin vflng Cdc
gidi phdp do Id:
Thd nhdt, dp dungphUdng thdc qudn If tdng
hdp tdi nguyin, mdi trUdngbiin, vimgbdbiin vd
hdi ddo theo cdch tiip cdn hi sinh thdi
Biln, vdng bd biln vd hdi ddo thflc chlft: Id mpt
h? thdng nhilu ngudn tdi nguyin; cung d p
khdng gian, d e tai nguyen suih hpc va phi smh
hpc cho con ngfldi, dilu hda mdi trfldi^ td nhiin
ciing nhfl nhdn tao Tgi d c khu vflc ndy ed nhieu
ngfldi edi^ khai thdc, sd dyng eac i ^ d n tdi
r^uyln Dae bi|t, biln, vung bd biln vd hdi d&.o
ed gid trj rit ldn vl tdi nguyin du ljch, da dgng
smh hpc va d e h | smh thdi Cde hogt dpng trin
cung mpt khu vflc hiin, vung bd biln va hdi dao
cd thi ed nhdng mau thudn, xui^ dpt vl lpi ich (phat triln du lich cd the mdu tiiuln vdi bdo tdn; nudi trdng mdu thuSn vdi danh bit thdy sdn, bao tdn, v.v ) Ngoai ra, bien Id mdi trfldng tfl nhiin
cd tinh hin thdng nin nhilu ehde nang cung dupc thflc hi|n tren mpt khu vUe nhd Cdc diflc ndng eda d e vung ven ddo dUpc dinh nghia Id khd nang efla mdi trUdi^ tU nhien ttong vi|c
cung d p sdn phim yk djch vu, dap dng nhu du
cda con ngddi mpt deh ben vdng Cdc ngdnh
kmh ti ttIn dao phdt triln bang d d i khai thac
cde chflc ndng nlu ttln Day Id d e hogt dpng ngdnh vd dflpc qudn ly^ bang cdc lu^t chuyen ngdnh Cdc n^nh ndi ehung diu ed xu hfldi^ ^i
da hda lpi ich cfla ngdnh minh md khdng quan tam ^ d c ldi ich chung mpt d d i tdn^ the Do
dd, thilu sd dieu phdi chung vd mdt sd ehflc nang cfla vung bien, hdi ^ o cd thi bj khai thdc qua mdc, din tdi cgn ki|t tdi nguyin dfl trfl, mit di tilm nar^ day du cda ehflng I^t qua Id ldm nay sinh cdc xung ddt Ngodi qudn ly tiieo ngdnh, vi^ qudn 1;^ biln vd hdi ddo vdn dflpc tiiflc hi|n tiieo lanh tiid hdnh chlnh Vi|e qudn I^ vflng bd biln theo lanh thd da ldm chia d t d e h | thdng tdi nguyin, dde bi?t Id cdc h | smh thdi biln quan
Trang 4trpng nhfl san hd, cd bien theo dja gidi hdnh
chinh, khdi^ ddm bdo sfl Uln tpc tinh todn ven
cua he tiidng tdi nguyin, thilu sfl phdi hpp trong
bao ve mdi trfldng vd d e he siiih thdi bi&i, Id
nguyen nhan gay ra sfl suy tiiodi tai nguyin, ckc
he sinh thai biln vd d nhiem mdi trfldng
Vdi tinh chit Id mdt mdi trfldi^ Uln tue, nen
cd yan di rit d n dflpc qudn ly Id d nhilm mdi
trfldng xuyen bien gidi, Uln tinh, nhit Id d
nhiem diu \^le quan Iy mdi trfldng vd d c he
anh thdi biln trong nhilu trfldng hpp phdi dflpc
thflc hi|n ttln pham vi nhilu dia phfldng Vdi
ly do ndy, hpp tac gifla d e dia phfldng vd hpp
tac qudc tl ttong qudn ly tdi nguyen, moi trddng
bien Id mdt van dl d n dUde nhin mgnh va quan
tam thich dang
Phdt triln kinh te - xa hdi tten eae d e vflng
biln, ven bien vd hdi ddo da mang lai nhflng
ldi ieh rit to Idn, nhflng cung mang lgi nhflng
he luy rit ldn cho tdi nguyen va mdi trUdng
bien Vi|c khai thdc qua mflc, ddi khi bang
each hu^ di|t rit nhilu ngudn tai nguyin, dgc
bi?t Id tai nguyin sinh vat bien, da gdy ra suy
thodi, can kilt ngudn tdi nguyin Quy hoach
khai thae, sd dpng tdi nguyen bien khdng cd
cd sd khoa hpc, hoae khdng cd quy hogeh
eung ldm suy thoai tram ttpng tdi nguyen, dgc
bi|t la tdi nguyen vflng bd biln Lflpng chat
thai rit ldn tfl eae ngudn thdi khdng dflpc
kilm sodt tren dao vd tten biln dd gay d
nhilm, suy thoai trim ttpng mdi trfldng bien
vd huy hogi hi sinh thdi biln
Chfldng trinh Nghj sfl 21 thdng qua tgi Hpi
n ^ j Thupng dmh Trai dat vl Mdi trUdng vd
Phat triln tai Rio de Janerio 1992 da thfla nh|n
quan ly tdng hpp vdr^ bd biln Id mpt deh tilp
c|n thich hpp cho phat triln bin vflng va keu
gpi d e qude gia ed biln dp dpng phUdng thflc
nay de giai quylt nhiing vin de d d c vflng bd
bien tgi thdi diim hi|n tgi eung nhU ttong tUdng
lai 6 Vi|t Nam, phUdng thdc quan ly nay da
dupc till chl hda va dang dupc dp dpng
Dl thflc hien qudn 1^ tdng hdp theo cddi tiep can h | sinh th^, d n lap vd thUc hien quy hogch, kl hogch sd dung biln vd quy hoach tdng thi khai thdc, sd dung bin viing tdi nguyen vflng bd biln vd kl hogch quan ly tdng hpp tai nguyin va bdo v | mdi trUdng vung bd biln Ap dpng qudn I^ tdng hpp biln, vung bd biln vd hdi ddo se giup phpc hdi nhilu h | sinh thai biln quan ttpng nhd h | sinh thai rgn san hd, thdm
ed bien, rdng nggp man vd giup tang eUdng kha ndng hip thp cde khi nhd kinh, gdp phin giam tiiilu tdc ddng cda BDKH va NBD Gidi phap ndy cd hi?u qud ngay ed khi BDKH vd NBD khdng xdy ra, vd se hi|u qua hdn khi sfl dpng
nd de dng phd vdi BDKH vd NBD Do vdy, day phdi Id gidi phdp "khdng hdi tile"
Thd hai, hodn thiin hi thSng vdn bdn phdp ludt, tdng cUdng hiiu lUc qudn If nhd nUdc vi biin
vd hdi ddo
Hien tai, ^^|t Nam da cd mpt h | thdng ludt
phpc vp qudn If ngdnh vl biln va hdi ddo nhfl
Lu^t Dit dai, Luat Bao v| mdi trfldng, Bd Lu^t Hdng hai, Luat Thuy sdn, Ludt Khoang san, Luat
Da dgng sinh hpe vd d c lu^t khdc cdng d c van bdn dudi lu^it Cde van bdn phdp lugt Uln quan tdi qudn ly tdng hpp vd thdng nhat bien vd hdi dao Id Luit Biln Vi|t Nam, Lu^t Tdi nguyin, mdi trfldng bien vd hdi ddo vd mdt sd van bdn dfldi luat khdc Hi|n tgi, Bd Tdi nguyin vd Mdi trfldng dang xdy dflng quy hogdi, kl hogch sfl dpng biln cfla d nfldc ttinh Chinh phd, Qudc hpi xem xet, phi duy|t Ngodi ra, Chinh phd da ban hanh Nghj dinh quy djnh vl vi|c giao khu vflc biln eho td chflc, d nhdn khai thde, sd dung tdi nguyin biln vd mdt sd van bdn dfldi ludt khdc Ngodi d c van bdn nlu ttln, d n tilp tuc nghien cflu, xay dflng d c van ban dfldi ludt
vd rd sodt cdc van bdn phap lu|t phpc vp qudn
ly nganh vl d e hoat ddng qudn ly, khai thdc, sfl dpng tdi nguyin, bdo v| mdi trfldng biln vd hdi dao dl trdnh d c chdng ehio, mdu thudn vd nhflng ke hd trong quan 1^
Trang 5Tdm lai, gidi phap hodn thi?n h i tiidng ran ban
p h ^ lugt, tang cfldi^ hieu lUc qudn ly nhd nUdc
v l biln vd hai ddo cflng Id gidi p h ^ "khdng hdi
tile" de dng phd hilu qua vdi BDKH vd NBD
Giai p h ^ ndy bao gdm 3 diim dihih sau ddy:
Mdt Id, rd sodt cdc van bdn phdp luat phuc vu
qudn ly ngdnh vd quan ly tdng hdp v l d c hogt
ddng qudn 1^, khai tiidc, sfl dung tdi nguyin, bdo
ve mdi trfldng biln vd hai ddo d d c d p Trung
fldng vd d p tinh de de xuit UBND tinh dilu
chinh, trdnh d e chdng cheo, mau thuan vd
nhdng ke hd trong qudn \f;
Hai Id, nghiin eflu, xdy dflng vd ban hdnh cdc
ran ban dfldi Ludt Tdi nguyin, mdi trfldng biln
vd hai ddo va Lugt Bien Vilt Nam de d e luat nay
nhanh chdng di vao thflc tiln, phdt huy hilu qud
tdt nhit;
Ba Id, rd sodt, nhanh chdng hoan thi|n cdc
van bdn phdp l i 4 t d c quy hogch, k l hogch Uln
quan tdi quan ly nhd nfldc tdng h ^ vd thdng
nhit biln vd hdi dao tren d e vung Men, bd biln
vd hdi ddo Vipt Nam Chu trpng nhat d c quy
hoaeh, ke hoaeh khai thdc, sd dpng tai nguyin
biln vd vflng bd bien, ckc van bdn phdp lugt liln
quan tdi qudn ly, bdo tdn da dgng sinh hpe vd
d c h | sinh thdi bien
Thd ba, tdng cUdng qudn If cdc khu bdo tdn
bien, bdo vi vd Midi phuc cdc hi sinh thdi biin vd
ven bd ddo
Hi|n tgi, d e he sinh thai biln, vflng bd biln
vd hdi ddo Vi|t Nam dang bj suy thodi nghiem
ttpng do danh bit qua mflc, ddi khi bang d e
hinh thde hdy di|t va d nhiem mdi trfldng, mit
smh d n h Vdi nhfllig tac ddng cda BDKH vd
NBD, d c h? smh thdi ndy se tilp tpc bj suy tiiodi
Vi v^y, cdng tae bao tdn vd phpc hdi cdc h | suih
thai biln vd ven biln cd t i m quan ttpng d p thilt
Vi qudn ly tdng hpp biln vd hdi ddo theo d e h
tilp cgn h? sinh thai chi cd t h i tiidnh cdng neu
nhfl d c h | smh tiidi dflpc qudn 1^ mpt d e h tdng
the theo todn bp h | smh thdi md bj khdng d t
rdi, chia nhd nen d n thflc h i | n cdng tac dilu tra
cd ban, nghiin cdu khoa hpe d l xac djnh quy
md, hien trgi^ d c he smh thdi biln, phdn tich chflc ndng cda t d i ^ khu vflc bien; tfl dd, dUa ra
d c gidi phdp qudn 1^ phfl hpp Vi|c qudn 1^ d n dupc thflc h i | n theo d e h hodn thi|n h | thdng van bdn phdp lu^t phpc vu qudn ly^ vd tuyin truyen, v | n dpng d c td chdc, cd nhan Uln quan tham gja tich cflc vdo qud trlnh qudn Iy
Thd tu, ndng cdp cd sd ha tdng trin cdc huyin ddo didngphd hiiu qud vdi BDKH vd NBD
NBD cd khd nang gdy gia tang ngap Ipt vd xdi
Id tgi d e khu vUc ven biln, dae bi|t tai cdc khu vUc dit thip d ddng bdng Bae Bp, ddng bang
Nam Bd vk mpt sd khu vUc mien Trui^ Do v$y,
d n xay dflng d c cdng trinh de bdo v§ bd bien, ehdng xdi Id vd ngap l u t Vi BDKH vd NBD la mdt qud ttinh ldu ddi nen vile xay dflng cdc cdng trinh d n dUpc ldm tfl td, khdng d n ldm ngay mdt ldc Dilu ndy se gjup tilt ki|m quy d i t chi phi xdy dflng de vd ttanh dupe rdi ro vl mflc
dp bit djnh eua d c dU bao ve BDKH vd NBD trong tUdng lai
Ngodi ra, d n cd tiilm mdt sd gjdi phdp thich flng "khdng hdi tile" nhfl: tar^ cfldng bdo v§ tdi nguyin nUdc; tdng cfldng dao tao, tuyin truyin, phd bien ki&i tiiflc cho cdn bd chinh quyln vd ngfldi ddn sd tai v l flng phd vdi BDKH vd NBD;
hd trd vi kinh phi, ho trd khoa hge kf thudt vd xdy dung CO chi tdi chinh, ddu tu diich hdp dixoa ddi, gidm n^io, tqo sinh keben vdng eho eU ddn ven biin
Trong dilu ki|n ngudn ldc han c h l nhU h i ^ nay, d n thflc h i | n tflng bfldc cdc gjdi p h ^ thich flng vdi BDKH vd NBD, trong dd chfl tipng tiiflc hiin nhiing gidi phdp "khdng hdi tile" vdi tinh khd thi eao, ehi phi thip nhflng hi|u qud •
(1) IPCC: Climate change 2013, The Physical
Sdence Basis, Contribution of WGL
(2) Bp Tdi nguyin vd Mdi trfldng: IGdi bdn BDKH
vd NBD 2009,2012