One method to help students solve exercises of passive voice effectivel

At first students found it difficult to recognize which sentence is formed in active voice and which sentence is in passive voice.. Active voice definition: The active voice is a style o

Page

PART A: INTRODUCTION 2

I Reasons for choosing the theme……… ……….2

II Aims of the research ……… ……… 2

III Scope and objects ……… ……….… 3

IV Research methods .……….…….3

PART B: CONTENT……… 4

3 I The theoretical background ……… ……… 4

1 The definition of the active voice ……… …4

2.The definition of the passive voice 4

3 The differences between a passive sentence and an active sentence 5

4 Transitive verbs and intransitive verbs……….… …5

II How to use passive sentences.……… 6

1 The use of passive sentences……… ……… 6

2 Passive structures……….…… 7

III How to change active sentences into passive ones… …… ……… 9

1 The ways to change an active sentence into a passive one……….… 9

2 Students should note some problems ……… 9

3 Practice……….…10

4 Special types of passive voice ……… 10

PART C CONCLUSION - REQUEST ……….… 18

References ……… ………20

PART 1: INTRODUCTION

I REASONS FOR CHOOSING THE RESEARCH

English is known as the worldwide spoken language nowadays and almost all of the people need to know this language so as to

communicate and integrate Therefore, English is a compulsory subject applied across the whole higher educational system in Vietnam

When learning English, students focus on learning active voice

structures It is usually the easiest way for them to phrase sentences but

as students progress in their studies, they will encounter passive voice sentences Since this is an entirely new structure, spend plenty of time on the introduction and conduct several comprehension checks along the way In secondary school English program, the passive is a vital part of knowledge, in the graduation exam To do the multiple choice exercises

on the passive well, the students need to understand the issues relating to the active and passive sentences in English, making the switch from exercise to exercise self-talk test So I chose the theme

" One method to help students solve exercises of passive voice

effectively " to be the research problems in this experience initiative.

II AIMS AND OBJECTS OF THE RESEARCH

1 Aims

With the reasons above in my mind, the specific aims of the

research accordingly are:

1.1 To help the students improve the usage of the passive voice and

recognize the differences between the active voice and the passive one.1.2 To clear the differences between the intransitive verbs and transitiveverbs

1.3 To encourage the students to use the language they have learnt tosolve the communicative tasks

1.4 To encourage the students to be interested in learning English

2 Objects: This subject is concerned with the passive voice and its

usage

III SCOPE

In secondary school English program, passive sentences are to betaught in three grades: 8A, 8B and 9B In this theme, I just focus on sometheoretical problems of passive sentence structure, usage use, how toswitch from passive to proactive, several special in the passive andsome writing assignments, the corresponding multiple choice quiz to

2

reinforce knowledge section above, to help students understand and graspthe basic knowledge and advanced passive sentences in English so thatthey can make good the multiple choice quiz format of passive sentences

in English

IV RESEARCHING METHOD

I researched this topic based on the following grounds:

- Based on actual teaching

- Based on a number of references to the passive

- Based and some opinions of my colleagues

Initial survey.

In the 2017-2018 school year, I was assigned to teach English ingrades 8A, 8B, and 9B For students in grades 9, they were acquaintedwith the passive secondary level, and grades 8 learnt the passive voice atthe first time

At first students found it difficult to recognize which sentence is formed

in active voice and which sentence is in passive voice Therefore, I havestudied the passive voice and the active one in the first part Then I wouldlike to mention the differences between the transitive verbs andintransitive ones in the way to change from an active form to a passiveform or from a passive form to an active one Finally, I make a list of thestructures in the passive voice Last, the conclusion is the summary ofwhat is in the research and the comments on the finding of this subject

PART B CONTENT I/ THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

1 The definition of the active voice:

a Active voice definition: The active voice is a style of writing where

the subject completes the action of the sentence

b What does active voice mean? In the active voice, the subject always

“does” the action of the sentence Chronologically, the subject will comebefore the verb in the sentence

Examples :

a, He is watering flowers

b, Jane makes pancakes every Sunday

In each of these sentences, the subject comes before the verb andobject The subject is “doing” the verb in the sentence This is called theactive voice

c How to write an sentence in active voice: Active sentences are

formed when the subject completes the action of the sentence

Whether or not the subject is the first word of the sentence, active voice isused if the subject “does” the verb

d How To Form an Active Voice Sentence: S + V + (O)

- Start with a subject

- Add a verb (after the subject)

- Add any modifiers

e Active Voice Example:

- Grandpa

- Grandpa arrived

- Grandpa>arrived

Yesterday, Grandpa arrived at our house

2 The definition of the passive voice

a Passive voice definition: The passive voice is a style of writing

where what would be the object of a sentence becomes the subject of the

sentence

b What does passive voice mean? The passive writing voice occurs

when something that is ordinarily “done by” the subject of a sentence is

“done by” the object of a sentence.

In the passive writing voice, whatever is doing the action of the sentence

is not the grammatical subject of the sentence

Examples:

a, The work was completed by Nam

4

Even though “Jaime” completed the work, “Nam” is not the grammatical subject of this sentence The subject of this sentence is “work.”

In passive sentences, the thing that seems to be doing the action will beordered chronologically after the verb

b, The ball was hit by Ba

Again, in this sentence, rather than say, “Ba hit the ball.” the ball

becomes the subject of the sentence

c How is the Passive Voice Formed?

Passive construction: The passive writing voice is formed when what

should be the object of a sentence becomes the subject of a sentence

S + be + Vp.p

To construct a sentence in the passive writing voice, the subject will befollowed by a “to be” verb with a past participle

Examples of Passive Voice:

- Start with active voice

Mrs Hoa bought clothes.

“Mrs Hoa” is subject; “clothes” is object

- The object becomes the

subject The clothes

Add “to be” and past participle

The clothes were bought.

(Optional) Add original subject (and a preposition, when necessary)

The clothes were bought by Mrs Hoa.

3 The differences between a passive sentence and an active sentence

- What is a passive sentence? The passive writing voice occurs when the action is done by what seems like it should be the subject.

- What is an active sentence? Active voice occurs when the

subject “does” the action of the sentence.

Active Voice Example:

Shakespeare wrote the play

In this sentence, Shakespeare is “doing” the action of the sentence

Active vs Passive Voice Examples:

Shakespeare wrote the play (active)

The play was written by Shakespeare (passive)

The subject is typically clearer in active voice whereas in passive voice

it may seem like the object is the subject

More Examples:

The boy is collecting the garbage ( active)

The garbage is being collected by the boy (passive)

4 Transitive verbs and intransitive verbs

We know that a passive sentence only happens with a transitive verb

a What is a transitive verb?

A transitive verb is one that only makes sense if it exerts its action

on an object

A transitive verb needs to transfer its action to something or

someone—an object In essence, transitive means “to affect something

else.” Transitive verbs are not just verbs that can take an object; they demand objects Without an object to affect, the sentence that a transitive verb inhabits will not seem complete.

An active sentence with a transitive verb: S + V + O

Example : He closed the door

The verb “ close” is a transitive verb its object is the door,

the thing that is being brought Without an object of some kind, this verb cannot function

He closed

Close what? The question begs itself because the meaning of

close demands it.

Here are some more examples of transitive verbs and their objects.

The girls carry water to their village.

The boy threw the ball.

Could you phone the neighbors?

I caught a cold.

She loves rainbows.

Each of the verbs in these sentences have objects that complete the verbs’actions If the objects were taken out, the results would be illogical and questions would be raised in the mind of the reader

b What is an intransitive verb?

An intransitive verb is the opposite of a transitive verb: it

does not require an object to act upon It will make sense without one

They jumped.

The dog ran.

She sang.

A light was shining.

None of these verbs require an object for the sentence to make sense, and all of them can end a sentence

II How to use passive sentences.

Each question can be expressed in active form then either

passive Question actively used when we want to emphasize the causes ofaction When the subject is affected by the action, we use the passive voice The choice of active or passive sentence depends on many factors

In many cases, we are using only active or passive Therefore, students should understand the following issues:

1 The use of passive sentences.

6

- When you do not need to mention agents of action ( by chance was too obvious or unimportant )

Eg: The road has been repaired

-When We do not know or forget the people to take action

Eg: The money was stolen

-When we are interested in the action itself rather than the people to take action

Eg: This book was published in Vietnam

- When the subject of the initiative is subject not identified as: people, they, someone

Eg: People say that he will win

 It is said that he will win

- When people say do not want to mention all cause actions

Eg: Smoking is not allowed here

2 Passive structures.

Regarding passive sentence structure in English, I will be divided into three categories:

Type 1: Passive with tenses not belonging to continuous ones.

This format has the following general formula:

BE + PAST PARTICIPLE Type 2: Passive with continuous tenses.

This format has the following general formula:

BE + BEING + PAST PARTICIPLE

Type 3: Passive structure "be going to" (the near future)

This format has the following general formula:

BE + GOING TO + PAST PARTICIPLE

Type 1 is applied to six tenses not belonging to continuous ones, type 2 isapplied to three continuous tenses and category 3 is used for structure

"be going to" (the near future) In this section, I introduce the tenses that the students have learned in the program to serve semester exams,

including present simple, past simple, present perfect, future simple, pastperfect, present continuous, the past continuous, the future continuous, and the near future “ be going to”; and passive with modals

Type 1: Passive with tenses not belonging to continuous ones.

1) Present simple: S + am / is/ are + Past Participle

Eg: Active: They raise cows in Ba Vi.

 Passive: Cows are raised in Ba Vi.

2) Past simple:

Eg: Active : Jame Watt invented the steam engine in 1784.

Passive : The steam engine was invented by Jame Watt in 1784.

3) Future simple: S + will be + Past Participle

S + am / is / are +being + Past Participle

S + was / were + Past Participle

Active: They will build a new school for disabled children next month Passive: A new school for disabled children will be built next month.

4) Present perfect: S + have/ has been + Past Participle

Eg: Active: They have just finished the project.

Passive: The project has just been finished.

5) Past perfect S + had been + Past Participle

Eg: Active: When I came, they had cleaned the board

Passive: When I came, the board had been cleaned

6) Future perfect S + will have been + Past Participle

Eg: Active: We will have finished the test when you come back.

Passive: The test will have been finished when you come back

7) Modal verbs S + Modal Verb + be + Past Participle.

Ex1:

Active : You can see him now

 Passive : He can be seen (by you) now.

Ex2: Active : He should type his term paper

Passive : His term paper should be typed.

Type 2: Passive with continuous tenses.

1) Present continuous:

Eg: Active: Ann is writing a letter.

Passive: A letter is being written by Ann

2) Past continuous:S + was / were + being + Past Participle

8

Eg: Active: She was cleaning the room at 7 a.m yesterday.

Passive: The room was being cleaned at 7 a.m yesterday.

3) Future continuous:S + will/ shall+ be + Past Participle

Eg: Active: She will buy a new car nexth month.

Passive: A new car will be bought by her nexth month

Type 3: Passive structure "be going to" (the near future)

S + am / is / are +going to+be + Past Participle

Eg: Active: They are going to make a new film about war

Passive: A new film about war is going to be made.

III How to change active sentences into passive ones.

1 The ways to change an active sentence into a passive one.

To move from question to question actively passive students should know the following moves:

1.1 Identify new terms in the initiative, transforming it into a passive subject in question

1.2 Identify tense in the initiative and share "to be" corresponding to then English language and the new subject of the passive

1.3 Divide the main verb in sentences initiative in the form of the passivepast participle

1.4 By + agent (when you want to emphasize action agents)

S + V (participle) + OEg:

They will finish this work tomorrow

 This work will be finished (by them) tomorrow

2 Students should note some problems:

- The manner adverb is usually placed before the verb participle two in the passive

Eg: He wrote the book wonderfully

 The book was wonderfully written

9

By + agent standing behind the adverb of place and standing before adverb of time.

Eg1: A passer- by took him home

 He was taken home by a passer- by

Eg2: We will receive the gifts on Monday.

 The gifts will be received by us on Monday

- Question and negative passive sentences in question are created the same way of the initiative

Eg1: People don’t speak English at the party

 English isn’t spoken at the party

Eg2: Have you done your homework?

 Has your homework been done?

- When the subject of the sentence is indeterminate pronouns: noone /nobody shall be in the form of passive sentences negative Eg: Nobodycan answer this question

This question can’t be answer

But not any sentence can also switch from passive to proactive orvice versa Conditions to turn an active sentence into the passive initiative

is that sentence should be an exception to the verb (transitive verb).Intransitive sentence (intransitive verb), it can not switch to the passive.Verbs are verbs require a direct object in the cabinet without a verb, thedirect object

Eg: 1) She is making a cake  A cake is being made by her

Exercise 1: Change into a passive sentence:

1.My father waters this flower every morning

However, at present under the decision of the Ministry of

Education and Training, the foreign language courses is competition in

the form of objective tests during the semester exams and secondaryschool graduation Therefore, to do well the exercise of the passive tests,the students must understand passive sentence structure, do writingexercises to move to the passive, it will easily do multiple choiceexercises experience Here are some exercises in the form of tests, willhelp students to consolidate knowledge and homework about the passivetest better.

Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer to complete the following

sentence:

1 My wedding ring ………… of yellow and white gold

2 If your brother ………., he would come

a invited b were invited c were inviting d invite

3 Mr Wilson is ……… as Wilie to his friend

4 References ………… in the examination room

a not are used b is not used c didn’t used d are not used

5 Laura ………… in Boston

a are born b were born c was born d born

6 My mother is going ……… this house

a sold b to be sold c to sold d to sell7.There’s somebody hehind us I think we are ………

a being followed b are followed c follow d following

8 Have you ……… by a dog?

a bite b ever been bit c ever been bitten d bit9.The room is being ………… at the moment

a was cleaned b cleaned c cleaning d clean

10 The road to our village ………… widened next year

Exercise 3: Choose sentences have the same meaning with the given ones by choosing a, b, c or d.

1.Somebody cleans that room everyday.

a The room every day is cleaned

b The room is everyday cleaned

c The room is cleaned every day

d The room is cleaned by somebody everyday

2 They cancelled all flights because of fog

a All flights because of fog were cancelled b

All flights were cancelled because of fog

c All flights were cancelled by them because of fog

d All flights were because of fog cancelled

3.They are building a new highway around the city.

11