Surveying some clinical features and X-ray images of long bones, skulls, spine, blood biochemical tests and electrolytes in patients with Osteogenesis imperfecta. Evaluation of internal bone results using self-made tool to treat deformation of the lower limbs in patients with Osteogenesis imperfecta at Military Hospital 7 A.
Trang 1STUDY OF CLINICAL, SUBCLINICAL FEATURES AND CORRECTIVE SURGERY OUTCOMES OF LOWER LIMB AXIS IN PATIENTS WITH OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
Specialization: Surgical Code: 9720104
SUMMARY OF PHD. THESIS IN MEDICINET
Trang 31. Assoc. Prof. Pham Dang Ninh, MD, PhD
2. Prof . Luong Dinh Lam
Peerreview 1: Assoc. Prof. Nguyen Manh Khanh Peerreview 2: Prof . Nguyên Vinh Thong
Peerreview 3: Assoc. Prof. Vu Nhat Dinh
The thesis will be defensed at Council of Vietnam Military Medical University at …… …… …… 2020
The thesis can be found at these libraries:
Trang 4The library of Vietnam military medical academy
Trang 5Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a congenital disorder of the bone. The cause of the disease is a mutation in the type I collagen synthesis gene that makes bones fragile and deformed
In the world, there have been many researches on surgical treatments with the aim of cutting the orthostatic bone structure and fixing broken bones to improve quality of life, limiting fractures
Vietnam has not had a comprehensive study of epidemiological characteristics, clinical symptoms, subclinical and results of treatment of OI. Medical treatment does not improve motor skills. Therefore, the daily life problem of the patient still depends on the family and the medical staff
From the above reasons, we conduct research topic "Study of
clinical, subclinical features and corrective surgery outcomes of lower limb axis in patients with Osteogenesis imperfecta" with the
following two objectives:
1. Surveying some clinical features and Xray images of long bones, skulls, spine, blood biochemical tests and electrolytes in patients with Osteogenesis imperfecta
2. Evaluation of internal bone results using selfmade tool to treat deformation of the lower limbs in patients with Osteogenesis imperfecta at Military Hospital 7 A
NEW CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE THESIS
1. Evaluate in detail clinical features, Xray images of long bones, flat bones, spine bones, biochemical tests of blood and electrolytes in patients suffering from Osteogenesis imperfecta
Trang 63. The first study in Vietnam with a sufficiently large number, details
of the research on treatment of lower limb deformation in patients with Osteogenesis imperfecta disease using internal selfcreated kits. This is a new feature compared to the method of Topouchian's author and this is a method of combining bone with specific characteristics
of the disease to get good results. The results of the research are a valuable contribution to the development of the Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery specialization and has a highly humanity
THESIS STRUCTUREThe thesis consists of 126 pages, with 4 chapters: Introduction 02 pages, Chapter 1: Litlerature review 30 pages, Chapter 2: Objectives and research methods 25 pages, Chapter 3: Results 35 pages, Chapter 4: Discussion 30 pages, Conclusions 02 pages and Recommendations 01 page. The thesis has 49 tables, 34 figures, 7 images, 108 references including 4 Vietnamese documents and 104 English documents
1.1.1.2. Classification of Osteogenesis imperfecta disease
Trang 71.3. Diagnose
1.5.1. Specific Diagnose
Based on clinical symptoms, Xray images, history of fractures and family history
1.4. Treatment
1.4.1. In the world
+ Medical treatment: Medical treatment with intravenous bisphosphonate
Trang 8+ Surgical treatment: Topouchian V et al (2006) used a pair of cognitive equations for CXCT.
1.4.2. In Viet Nam
+ Medical treatment: Vietnam is using Rauch's treatment regimen (2003)
+ Surgical treatment: Nguyen Ngoc Hung et al. (2016) reported on the results of the surgery to fix the internal bone axis in the long lower limb body in patients with OI equal to 1 intramedually nail for
24 patients with 29 femur undergoing surgery, the time after the bone
to heal. surgery from 1218 weeks, 10 patients have the prospect of walking, 10 patients have access to support equipment and 4 patients still have to sit in a wheelchair, the average time of fractures, curved nails, buds sticking out of the bone 17 months after surgery
Trang 9+ Step 2: Select a group of patients with lower limb surgery to conduct intervention and evaluate the results of surgical treatment to address goal 2
2.2.2. Sample size
Because this is a rare condition, in this study, we chose the convenient sampling method, including all subjects that meet the criteria for selection in the study subjects
The target sample 1 is 42 patients, the target sample 2 is 33 patients2.3. Research content
2.3.1. Target 1
2.3.1.1. Clinical research
Trang 10+ Age, gender, family history, history of fractures, number of fractures, frequency of fractures, location of fractures, location of first fractures, previous treatment of fractures in lower limbs.
+ Functional symptoms: aching bones, dizziness, constipation, easy bruising
+ Physical symptoms: Triangular face, blue eyes, strengthening imperfections, hearing or hearing loss, chest, spine, clinical bone deformities, preoperative movement: Selfsitting, crawl with your butt, stand on your own, stand with support, walk on your own, walk with support
2.3.1.2. Research on subclinical
+ Xray:
Skull bone: Investigate the presence of multiple skull bones
Long bones: Distorted deformity, calcification of popcorn, dark veins in onions
Spine bone: Scoliosis image, collapsed vertebra
+ Blood chemistry: The concentration of Glucose, SGOT, SGPT, Creatinine,
Trang 11+ Evaluate early results
In surgery: Surgical time, blood loss, surgical site, surgical methods, number of bone / bone section / cut, combined fracture bone tool, root canal drilling, amount of transfusion blood, accidents, dialysis accident management, reinforced with flour troughs, shaft alignment results
After surgery:
≤ 1 month after surgery: Evolution at the incision, combined fracture bone techniques, complications and management measures
Postoperative assessment at followup visits: ≥ 1 month, ≥ 3
months, ≥ 6 months after surgery: Distortion of bone, movement, bone axis (straight axis: Deformation angle <100, nonstraight axis: Deformation angle> 200). Instrument alignment: Nails located in the canal, bent nails, broken nails, nails protruding from the shell bone or nails into the joint socket, turn on the screw. Bad condition of 2 nails
on normal Xray film. Fracture fracture, callus grade
+ Evaluate far results
Time of reexamination: ≥ 12 months, ≥ 24 months, ≥ 36 months). The evaluation criteria: deformation of bone, movement, axial axis, instrument alignment, the condition of sliding 2 nails in case of using double nails, broken bones, fractured positions Evaluation of surgical results based on the score sheet of El Sobky M. et al. The index of life satisfaction after surgery is assessed on the basis of Likert scale
Trang 12Chapter 3. RESEARCH RESULTS3.1 Clinical features and Xray image of long bones and bones skull, spine, blood biochemical tests and electrolytes in patients with Osteogenesis imperfecta.
Trang 13Xrays results
≥ 1
month(n = 49)
Rate
%
≥ 3
months(n = 47)
Rate
%
≥ 6
months(n=45)
Trang 1445 surgery bones, the cases are straight axis
Table 3.37. Result of bone combination means and bone combination
method (n = 53, n: Number of bones)
Xray Results Metho
d
Location
≥ 1 month
≥ 3 months
≥ 6 months
≥ 1 months
≥ 3 months
≥ 6 months
Trang 15≥ 6 months
≥ 1 months
≥ 3 months
≥ 6 months
Table 3.39. Results of evaluating motor postoperative (n: Number of patients)
Motion
Before Surgery(n=33)
≥ 1 month(n=29)
≥ 3 months(n=28)
≥ 6 months(n=28)
Independent sitting 13(39,4) 22(75,9) 5(17,9) 1(3,6)Crawling/bottom
Independent stand 1(3,0) 0(0,0) 1(3,6) 0(0,0)
Independent walk 1(3,0) 0(0,0) 0(0,0) 9(32,1)Assisted walk 1(3,0) 0(0,0) 9(32,1) 8(25,6)
Trang 16≥ 24 months
≥ 36 months
≥ 12 months
≥ 24 months
≥ 36 months
Trang 17cases are monitored straight axis. At the time of ≥ 24 months, there were 6/39 cases with bone curvature but the level of deformation assessment was not enough to be reoperated. Reaching the time of ≥
36 months of monitoring 20 bone positions, there were up to 5 cases
of axial curvature which were detected before but the level did not increase much
≥ 24 months
≥ 36 months
≥ 12 months
≥ 24 months
≥ 36 months
Trang 18Table 3.43. Result of 2 nails sliding according to bone growth (n =
43, n: Number of bones using 2 intramedullary nails)
Xray Result
Bone fixation
method
Location
≥ 12 month
≥ 24 months
≥ 36 months
≥ 12 months
≥ 24 months
≥ 36 months
Trang 19Mobilisation
Preoperative (n=33)
≥ 12 months(n=24)
≥ 24 months(n=24)
≥ 36 months(n=17)
Independent sitting 13(39,4) 1(4,2) 0(0,0) 0(0,0)Crawling/bottom
Independent stand 1(3,0) 0(0,0) 0(0.0) 0(0,0)
Independent walk 1(3,0) 12(50,0) 12(50,00) 5(29,4)Assisted walk 1(3,0) 3(20,8) 8(33,3) 8(47,1)
Results up to the point of ≥ 12 months, the level of
improvement of movement increased significantly, the amount of travel in which the travel supported 3/24 cases (20.83%).
Independent travel for 12/24 cases (50%). At time of ≥ 24 months, the level of movement increased but not significantly. At time of ≥
36 months, there was a decrease in ability of movement and going independently reduced to 5/17 cases
Trang 20Level
≥ 6 months(n=28)
≥ 12 months(n=24)
≥ 24 months(n=24)
≥ 36 months(n=17)Pat
Rat
e %
Patients
Rate
%
Patients
Trang 21≥ 12 months(3)
≥ 24 months
Self care 1,6±0,2 2,6±0,2 2,4±0,2 3,7±0,2
p(1,2) = 0,000p(1,3) = 0,001p(1,4) = 0,00
Living 1,6±0,2 2,1±0,3 2,9±0,3 3,3±0,1
p(1,2) = 0,014p(1,3) = 0,00p(1,4) = 0,00Pain /
Discomfo
rt
2,6±0,1 3,6±0,1 5,0±0,0 5,0±0,0
p(1,2) = 0,00p(1,3) = 0,00p(1,4) = 0,00
Worry 1,8±0,2 3,6±0,1 5,0±0,0 5,0±0,0
p(1,2) = 0,000 p(1,3) = 0,00p(1,4) = 0,00All indicators to assess the level of patient satisfaction including: Walking, selfcare, living, pain / discomfort, anxiety increased, statistically significant
Trang 224.1. Clinical features and Xray images of long bones, skull, spine, blood biochemical tests and electrolytes in patients with Osteogenesis imperfecta
4.1.1. Age and gender characteristics
According to table 3.2. The age group of surgery is mainly in the developing age group, accounting for the most, from the age of
10 <18, the male / female ratio: 0.9 / 1. In our study, there was 1 patient of 2 years old, we chose the patient of 2 years of age or older because this age children often suffer many fractures due to children being more active at 2 years of age and older patients ≥ At the age of
18 years (1 patient 19 years and 1 patient 23 years), we still use the method of closing 2 intramedullary nails against the goal to stabilize the plan
4.2. Evaluate the results of internal bone using selfmade kits to treat deformation of lower limb bone in patients with imperfect bone formation
4.2.1. Evaluate the results near
+ Evaluation of postoperative results Evaluation after surgery
at the time of reexamination: ≥ 1 month, ≥ 3 months, ≥ 6 months after surgery According to Table 3.35, after 1 month there were 47/49 cases of level 1 osteosarcoma (95.9%), there were 2/49 cases
of no fracture accounted for 4.08%. According to Table 3.36 and Table 3.37, we found that, after 1 month of surgery, most axes were straight axes with 49/49 bone positions After 3 months of monitoring 47 bone positions and after 6 months of 45 bone
Trang 23According to Table 3.38, the 3rd month onwards had a 2slipped slip relative to bone growth Prove that 2 nails have the ability to slip with bone growth
According to Table 3.39, one month after surgery, the ability
of the patient's motor decreased due to the fact that the body did not have strong bone after 1 month of surgery. There was a significant improvement in motor skills in patients 3 6 months after surgery compared to before surgery
4.2.2. Evaluating distal results after chiropractic surgery (after
≥ 12 months). According to Table 3.40 Shows that the shortest followup time ≥ 24 months (24 patients) accounts for 72.7%, the time to followup results is ≥ 36 months (17 patients) accounts for 51.5%, the followup time average far in study reaches 32.5 months. Due to the time frame for collecting data, patients who had surgery in the late stage of remote monitoring did not reach the time of ≥ 12 months, ≥ 24 months and ≥ 36 months after surgery. According to Table 3.41, it is shown that when the distance test results reach ≥ 12 months of followup, there are 44 bone positions, the cases are monitored vertically. At the time of ≥ 24 months, there were 6/39 cases with bone curvature but the level of deformation assessment was not enough to be reoperated because the recurrence level did not affect the patient's walking ability. Patients can still walk). Therefore,
we do not intervene surgery when the patient is still able to walk. Up
to ≥ 36 months of followup of 20 bone positions with up to 5 cases
of axial curvature (4 cases using 1 nail, 1 case 2 nails) were the cases that detected the previous bone curvature but the degree of much
Trang 24increased Thereby, we found that cases of recurrent deformation often occur in fixation bone patients equal to 1 intramedullary nail and 2 intramedullary nails but nails are not able to slip along with bone growth According to Table 3.42, it is shown that when checking the far reaches of ≥ 12 months tracking 44 locations, the cases are monitored without complications of intramedullary nail, 1 case of screw splinting in this case. Do not have surgery to remove the screw. By the time of ≥ 24 months and ≥ 36 months, there were 5 cases of nail sticking out of the bone shell: 4 cases with 1 nail and 1 bone with 2 nails but not enough to have to have the surgery again.According to table 3.43. We checked that the results reached ≥ 12 months with 4/35 cases 2 nails are not able to slip according to bone growth. Reaching time ≥ 24 months, there are 4/31 cases where 2 nails are not able to slip with bone growth. Up to time ≥ 36 months with 2/13 cases 2 nails are not able to slip with bone development (2 cases 2 nails do not slip at the time of ≥ 12 and ≥ 24 months, 2 cases
do not follow up). According to table 3.45. Checking the far reaches
to ≥ 12 months, the level of improvement of movement increased significantly, the number of walking including 3/24 patients (20.83%). Traveling independently 12/24 patients (50%). At time of
≥ 24 months, the level of movement increased but not significantly.
Up to ≥ 36 months, there was a decrease in mobility and independent walking reduced to 5/17 patients were monitored because the reason could be explained by the curved deformation of the lower limb bone that had not been operated According to table 3.46 After ≥ 6 months, achieving excellent level on the El Sobk scale, accounting for 96.4%. Good and excellent surgery results after ≥ 1 year, ≥ 2 years and ≥ 3 years are over 90% The average result only