Rationale English is one of the necessary subjects for students in general, and it is more important for high school students because it is not only a compulsory subject at school but al
Trang 1PART I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Rationale
English is one of the necessary subjects for students in general, and it is more important for high school students because it is not only a compulsory subject
at school but also a subject of decision in the important contests as high school exams and university entrance exams It is considered as a main key to open the treasure of human knowledge Like other languages, there are ways to emphasize in English Knowledge of inversion is an emphasized way which is quite popular in English For students, it is not easy to understand this form of emphasic and distinguish the differences in different situations As soon as students entered High school, teachers had to think about how to systematize elementary knowledge in English in order that students could be easily master these elements During the
teaching process, I found that Inversion is one of the basic and important
knowledge sections, but this knowledge was not fully synthesized in reference books and textbooks are only mentioned few simple structures While most of the exams for high school students have sentences related to inversion, most of students are embarrassed when they encounter these types of exercises
Therefore, I chose the topic "Systematizing the use of Inversion to prepare for GCSE examination at Ha Van Mao Upper Secondary School" to provide a
relatively complete system of using this topic to help students learn more effectively
In my initiative experience, I focused on the theory of Inversion In each section,
there is a simple, easy-to-understand example Next is the exercise assignments arranged from easy to difficult levels
1.2 Aims of the study
This study is conducted to help students of Ha Van Mao upper secondary
school to understand Inversion more clearly Furthermore, it is hoped that students
learn how to use inversion phenomenon To summarize the above, my study is aimed at:
- Providing the theretical background about English inversion
- Analyzing the types of the Inversion and its specific usages
- Some difficulties posibly encountered by students at Ha Van Mao upper secondary school when using inversion
- Suggesting some feasible solutions to help teachers and students at the school improve the quality of teaching and learning English skills, especially in mastering English grammar rules
1.3 Scope of the study
Given the rationale and the aims of the study , it is necessary to limit the study
to the areas which are manageable Benefits of summarizing the knowledge
involved with Inversion create the effectiveness of students’ learning and grammar
which focus on two factors: developing students’s motivation and understanding of
Trang 2the lesson The subject under the study are the 12th – form students at Ha Van Mao upper secondary school
1.4 Methods of the study
To complete this study, the following steps implemented:
- Collected references and books related to English grammar are analyzed in details to form the theoretical background this paper
- The available theory concerning to Inversion is studied and followed in my study paper
- Ideas of some possible difficulties are got from my understanding the
English learning and teaching Ha Van Mao upper secondary school as well
as my gained experiences in training course
PART II: DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1 SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND
1.Theoretical background
Nowadays, English is a language widely used in the world It is the official language of many countries and many people use it as a second language.It is used
as the language of many important fields, such as: aviation, sports, business, engineering, etc It can be easily seen that we need to master English to be able to have better access to human knowledge, and with international integration
Therefore, equipping students with good knowledge of this language and the skills
to use it is very important
Inversion is regarded as one of the essentially grammatical sections in English It is generally understood as a way to reverse certain words or phrases at
the beginning of a sentence Then the verb form in the sentence is like a question but the sentence has no "?" And the purpose is not to ask but is to emphasize There are also cases when verbs are often reversed in front of the subject without the need
for verbs For having the knowledge system to students adequately on Inversion, I
have also refered to many different books In this study, I am focusing on the following key issues:
- Distinguish between island and question
- Inverted structures
- Homework exercises and answers
2 Practical background
To master the knowledge of any subject, learners must meet some basic requirements First of all, they have to understand basic elements Next, students have to apply that knowledge to do the tasks given by their teachers Learning English is the same, it requires learners systematize fully and remember correctly
Knowledge of Inversion has always been a challenge for students because of its
diversity
In teaching practice, we can see that not all students master or systemize the knowledge related to this topic
Trang 3There are many reasons why students can not master this knowledge well The first reason is because of the English learning environment Primarily, students often practise writing to memorize grammatical structures and do not pay attention much on practising speaking The second one is that students themselves are not aware of the necessity of learning English subject and learn English as a compulsory task The limited ability of the students for absorbing English lessons is also considered as a reason students can not achieve high results whereas some students have tried to spend much time on learning English The fourth reason is because students do not know how to systematize the knowledge accordingly so that they can master the basic content of a lesson
It is a fact that students try to remember the formula mechanically, or think carelessly and sometime do not find out the nature of the problem clearly to infer basic conclusions
Therefore, teachers should provide a fairly complete knowledge system to their students , and help them understand carefully the knowledge learned
CHAPTER 2 THE REALITY OF TEACHING AND LEARNING THE KNOWLEDGE
OF INVERSION AT HA VAN MAO UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL
1 Advantages:
For students in general and at Ha Van Mao upper secondary school, teaching and learning have been received the attention of teachers, administrators and the whole students’ parents because most of them have realized the importance of mastering English Therefore, more and more equipments for foreign language teaching and learning have been gradually improved English teachers are fostered
to improve their teaching quality and reference books for this subject are also rich and diverse
In recent years, Thanh Hoa Department and Training has allowed English teachers to set up the curriculum for schools Therefore, teachers can focus on important knowledge areas or the knowledge that their students need tutoring
2 Difficulties
As far as disadvantageous aspects are concerned, the teaching and learning the knowledge of inversion in my school have some common difficulties :
- There are many structures which confuse students
- Teaching and learning facilities are limited
- Some students are not really aware of the importance of English, so they have not worked hard and their background knowledge is not good
- Teachers have not yet encouraged students' self-study, and students’s learning
at school doesn’t recieve lots of attention from parents
- Theories and exercises on this topic are not introduced in textbooks The grammar books and reference books also do not fully systemize this section Therefore, teachers and students have difficulty in the knowledge system as well as finding practical exercises
Trang 4CHAPTER 3 THE USE OF INVERSION IN ENGLISH.
1 DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN INVERSION AND INTERROGATIVE.
Inversion is a form of reversing the position of a subject and a verb or a
auxiliary verbs in a sentence when certain words or phrases are placed at the beginning of a sentence The end of the sentence without the "?" with the purpose is not to ask but to emphasize
Here is an example of Inversion:
No sooner had we left our school than it started to rain.
Trang 5There comes the bus.
Below is an example of interrogative:
Last year I opened bookshop
Oh really? Were you successful ?
Trang 62 Inversion structures
2.1 Inversion with negative adverbs.
Never
Never before
Never in one’s life
Never again + auxiliary + S + V(infinitive)
Rarely
Seldom
Little
Hardly ever
Eg: - Never in mid-summer does it snow.
- Little do we know about her.
2.2 Inversion with NO and NOT
No + Noun +auxiliary + S + V(infinitive)
Not any + Noun + auxiliary + S + V(infinitive)
Eg: - No money shall I lend you from now on.
- Not any money shall I lend you from now on.
2.3 Inversion with NEITHER, NOR and SO
Neither
Nor + auxiliary + S
So
Eg: - My father likes football So does my brother.( My brother likes football too.)
- She didn’t see the film on TV last night Neither did I / Nor did I.(I didn’t
see the film on TV last night either)
2.4 Inversion with ONLY
Only once
Only later + auxiliary + S + V(infinitive)
Only then
Only by/in/with/at…+ Noun/V+ing
Eg: - Only by working hard could he feed the family.
- Only later did I know who he was.
- Only in this bookshop can you buy this
book Only when
Only after + clause + auxiliary + S + V(infinitive)
Only if
Eg: - Only after he had graduated, did he start looking for a job.
- Only after all guests had gone home, could we relax.
2.5 Inversion with some
phrases At no time
On no occasion
Trang 7On no account
Under / in no circumstances + auxiliary + S + V
For no reason
In no way
No longer
Not for one moment
Eg: - Under no circumstances is the money to be paid.
- On no condition shall we accept their proposal
2.6 No sooner …… than ……
No sooner + had + S + Vpp + than + S + Vsp + 0
Hardly + had + S + Vpp + when + S + Vsp + 0
Scarcely + had + S + Vpp + when + S + Vsp + 0
Scarcely + had + S + Vpp + when + S + Vsp + 0
Eg: - Hardly had I arrived home when I had a new problem to cope with.
- Scarcely had we started lunch when the doorbell rang.
- No sooner had she handed in her paper than she realized her careless
mistakes.
- Barely had he gone out of the house when his boss telephoned.
2.7 Not only … but … also …
Not only + auxiliary + S + V + but … also …
+ but ………… as well
+ but ……… too
Eg: - Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly.
- Not only did they rob but they smashed everything, too.
- Not only is he good at English but he also draw very well.
2.8 Inversion with NOT UNTIL
Not until + adverb of time / clause + auxiliary + S + V
Eg: - Not until 10 o’clock will I come home.
= It’s not until 10 o’clock that I will come home.
= I won’t come home until 10 o’clock.
- Not until I got home did I know that I had lost my key.
= I didn’t know that I had lost my key until I got home.
2.9 Inversion with NO WHERE
No where … + auxiliary + S + V
Eg: - No where do I feel as comfortable as I do at home -
No where could we find him.
2.10 Inversion with SO … THAT …; SUCH … THAT …
So + adj/adv + auxiliary + S + V + that + clause
Eg: - So dark is it that I can’t write.
= It is so dark that I can’t write.
- So difficult was the exam that few students passed
it So + adj + a/an + noun + clause + that + clause
Trang 8Eg: So nice a day it was that all of us wanted to go out for a picnic.
So little
So few
So much
So many + ( noun ) + auxiliary + S +V + that + clause
Eg: - So much did he drink that he didn’t know the way to his home.
Such + be + noun + that + clause
Eg: - Such was the force of the storm that all the trees were uprooted.
2.11 Inversion with HERE and THERE
Here + be / main Verb + noun
There
Eg: - Here comes the bus.
- Here are the answers.
- There goes the bus.
Note:
Here + pronoun + be / main Verb
There
Eg: - Here he comes.
- There they arrive.
* There are some idiomatic expressions with HERE and THERE
Here you are = This is for you
Here are you = Someone has found you
Here we are = We’ve arrived at the expected place
There you are = That supports what I’ve said
2.12 Inversion with adverbs / adverbial phrases of place
Adverb / adverbial phrase of place + main Verb + noun Eg: -
At the end of September came several bad storms.
- Behind my house lies a river.
2.13 Inversion with prepositions
Down
In
From + verbs of motion + S
Over
Up
Away
Eg: - Down poured the rain.
- Away went the runner.
Note:
- Away they went.
2.14 Inversion with conditional sentences.
Type 1:
If clause = should + S +V
Trang 9Eg: - If she comes late, she will miss the train.
= Should she come late, she will miss the
train - I will give him your message if I meet
him.
= I will give him your message should I meet him.
Type 2:
If clause = Were + S + ( to V )
Eg: - If I were you, I would work harder.
= Were I you, I would work harder.
- If I knew her, I would invite her to the party.
= Were I to know her, I would invite her to the party.
Type 3:
If clause = had + S + ( not ) + past participle
Eg: - If my parents hadn’t encouraged me, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.
= Had my parents not encouraged me, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.
2.15 Inversion with adverbs of order ( first, second…)
Eg: - First came the ambulance.
2.16 Inversion with verbs SAY, ASK, … in reported speech
Eg: - “What do you mean?” Henry asked / asked Henry But: -
“What do you mean?” he asked.
3 Inversion exercises and keys.
Exercise 1 Rewrite these sentences, putting the underlined part in the first
position.
1 She rarely smiles at me
2 You can buy this book only in this shop
3 She never in life feels happy
4 My teacher is no longer teaching in this school
5 He never smokes in bed
6 She has never seen such a beautiful sight
7 I know little about computer
8.The rich man seldom help the poor
9 They rarely talk in class
10 She has made good progress only within two months
11.They no longer work here
12 It is hot enough to sit outside only in summer
13 We have never been to London
14 It is seldom wise to say to much about oneself
15 We rarely eat out
Exercise 2 Choose the best answer.
1 Not only but she is also very intelligent
a she is beautiful b beautiful she is c is she beautiful d beautiful is she
2 Seldom the guitar
a he plays b does he play c he doesn’t play d he does play
Trang 103 Hardly the family.
a does he feeds b he can feed c can he feed d can feed he
4 Often a meeting
a do we have b we do have c have we d we have
5 Only at weekends my kids to Water Park
a I don’t take b do I take c I take d I do take
6 So old that she can’t dance
a she isn’t b she is c isn’t she d is she
7 Never the work been so easy
8 Nowhere such cooperative staff
a you can find b you find c can you find d you do find
9 Seldom a newspaper
a buys Anna b does Anna buy c Anna does buy d Anna buys
10 Only by saving money, a house
a he buy b he can buy c buy he d can he buy
11 Not even once the truth
a he tells b he has told c has he told d do he tell
12 No sooner than he begins to be washed
a is a human being born b was a human being born
c a human being born d a human being had been born
13 Seldom _ treated like that
a I have been b am I c I am d I had been
14 Never before such a disaster
a They suffer b they have suffered c they suffered d have they suffered
15 Only once a day home
a we can speak b can we speak c we speak d we can’t speak
Exercise 3 Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the word or phrase given.
1 He had never been so happy before
- Never ………
2 I have never heard such nonsense
- Never ………
3 Public borrowing has seldom been so high
- Seldom ………
4 She has never seen such a mess in her life
- Never ………
5 They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony
- Seldom ………
6 They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway
success - Little ………
7 The embassy staff little realized that Tet was a secret agent