Teaching stress to grade 6 students in luong son secondary school

Most students do not know the rules well enough to determine thestress of words, so they do not pronounce correctly and have not done well withthe stress mark exercises.To help students

1.2 The purpose of research

2.4 The result after applying the study in teaching 16

1.1 Reasons for choosing the theme.

Today, English has truly become an international language, manycountries around the world speak, understand and use English in many areas.Vietnam is now also an English speaking country with a burst of information,science and technology English has come to Vietnam as a new wind and it hasreceived a lot of applause for the economic upswing and the transformation ofthe country on the path of integration- "industrialization and modernization"

In teaching English, I find that students often learn grammar well but notgood at pronunciation, including word stress, which is still a difficult part for

students Most students do not know the rules well enough to determine thestress of words, so they do not pronounce correctly and have not done well withthe stress mark exercises.

To help students overcome their weaknesses of stress, I choose content

“Teaching stress to grade 6 students in Luong Son secondary school”.

1.2 The purpose of research

1.2.1 Aims.

Knowing English is difficult, so understanding and using it as acommunication tool for our purposes is much more difficult Particularly forrural students, particularly grade 6 students in rural areas New pupils with newsubjects That requires the teacher to innovate methods to improve the overallquality In classroom teaching activities, stress of a word is an extremelyimportant part So how to do?

This initiative works to help students learn grasp the rules of stress andpronounce the word stress correctly From there, the speaking and listeningskills of students will be much more

With that concern, as a teacher who teaches English in classes for manyyears, I would like to give some ideas on how to help students in Luong Sonsecondary School learn good stressed part

1.2.2 Requirements.

To success in the study, the requirement for the topic is that the teacher

has to help students know rules of accents and some exceptions After askingstudents to learn the rules, the teacher will provide many exercises for students

to use the rules to work on In addition, it is very important to revise the lessonand explain why the stress falls into the syllable If they can do a variety ofexercises, students will know how to identify the word stress

1.3 Scopes and objects of the study

1.3.1 Scopes

As we all know, there are many rules that define stress and there are manyexceptions that do not follow that rule For 6th graders, however, I will refinethe most basic knowledge to fit their perceptions At the same time, selectexercises that are suitable for grade 6 students and provide some more stressfulexercises in some excellent student tests In this topic, I will deploy thefollowing:

- Law of stress markings and examples

- Marking exercises and instructions on how to do it

- Some stress exercises in the exam of good students

1.3.2 Objectives.

As I have said my study is aimed at improving ability to determine thestress of the words of the students and help them to solve some difficulties indoing stress exercises so my objectives of the study are:

- Students in class 6A: 38 Studensts, and 6B: 39 students Total: 77students

- School: Luong Son secondary school.

1.4 Research methodology

In this study I have used the following methods:

- Investigating the reality

- Read documents that related to research

- Using opinion surveys

- Getting to know English stress

- Introducing the rules of stress

- Organizing to practice pronunciation with these audio visual media

- Doing exercises to check Students’ understanding

- Summarizing, comparing, drawing lesson

1.5 Innivation points

In 2019 I finished the topic “Teaching stress to grade 6 students in

Luong Son secondary school ” which refered how to determine the stress.

Unlike Vietnamese, English is a multi-syllable language Therefore, words withtwo or more syllables in English always have a different pronunciation syllablefrom the rest: higher, stronger, longer That is called stress This study will sharewith you some basic rules of stress

2 CONTENTS

2.1 Theoretical background

Stress is the key to understand English Native people use accents sonaturally that even they don't know they're using them English learners who donot pronounce the words correctly when communicating English with nativespeakers often face two problems: First, they will not understand what nativespeakers are saying, especially when speaking quickly Secondly, foreigners arealso very difficult to understand what they say

English is now being taught in a communicative and learner centeredmanner To be able to communicate in English, students must use listening andspeaking skills well So, what do teachers have to do for students to achieve thisgoal? This requires a lot of factors, one of them is helping students master theword stress in English is very important

2.2 The status of the problem

For the time being, stress is still an obsession for students The fact thatmost of their teachers focus on grammar review makes it difficult for students topractice stress in the exam They often do not know how to determine the stress

of words, so they have a lot of difficulties doing exercises to determine the stress

of words or choose words with different stress types Students need to grasp theknowledge related to it

I made a survey to see the problem of students about word stress by doingthe following exercise:

Exercise: Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from the other three

of the group.

1 A music B homework C correct D table

2 A country B intersection C gymnast D heavy

3 A apple B finger C market D correct

4 A hospital C mother C soccer D produce

* The results (The second semester- school year: 2017-2018)

Class Num

Correct

9-10 words

Correct 7-8 words

Correct 5- 6 words

Correct 4 words

Correct 1-3 words

6A

The surveys of students’feelings when they have learned stress I obtainedthe following results:

Class Num Very difficult Difficult Easy Very easy Note

2.3 Solutions

2.3.1 Playing handouts about the rules for marking accents

2.3.1.1 The verb has 2 syllables -> the stress usually falls on the second syllable

Ex: be’gin, for’give, in’vite, a’gree, …

Some exceptions: ‘answer, ‘enter, ‘happen, ‘offer, ‘open, ‘visit…

2.3.1.2 Nouns with 2 syllables -> the stress usually falls on the first syllable

Ex: ‘father, ‘table, ‘sister, ‘office, ‘moutain…

Some exceptions: ad’vice, ma’chine, mis’take, ho’tel…

* Note: Some 2-syllable words will have different accents depending onthe type word

For example, record, desert if the noun will have the stress in the first syllable :

‘record; ‘Desert, fall in the 2nd syllable as the verb: re’cord; de’sert

2.3.1.3 Adjectives with 2 syllables -> accents usually fall into the first syllable

Ex: ‘happy, ‘busy, ‘careful, ‘lucky, ‘healthy,

Some exceptions: a’lone, a’mazed,

2.3.1.4 The verb compound -> the stress falls on the second syllable

Ex: be’come, under’stand, overflow,…

2.3.1.5 Compound noun: the stress falls on the first syllable

Ex: doorman /ˈdɔːrmən/, typewriter /ˈtaɪpraɪtər/, greenhouse /ˈɡriːnhaʊs/

…

2.3.1.6 The stress falls on the following syllables: sist, cur, vert, test, tain, tract, vent, self

Ex: e’vent, con’tract, pro’test, per’sist, main’tain, her’self, o’cur…

2.3.1.7 Words ending with:, what, where, then the main stress is on syllable 1

Ex: ‘anywhere, ‘somehow, ‘somewhere …

2.3.1.8 The two syllable words starting with A, the stress on the second syllable

Ex: a’bout, a’bove, a’gain a’lone, alike, ago…

2.3.1.9 End words with tails, ety, ity, ion, sion, cial, ically, ious, -eous, - ian, - ior, - iar, iasm - ience, - iency, - ient, - ier, - ic, - ics, -ial, -ical, -ible, -uous, -ics *, ium, - logy, - sophy, - graphy - ular, - ulum, stress is stressed on tones save right before it

-Ex: de’cision, attraction, libra’rian, ex’perience, so’ciety, ‘patient, po’pular,bi’ology,

Exceptions: ‘cathonic, ‘lunatic, ,‘arabi, ‘politics, a’rithmetic…

2.3.1.10 Words ending with - ate, - cy *, -ty, -phy, -gy if 2 syllables stress the stress on the 1st syllable If the word has 3 or more syllables, the stress is stressed on 3rd syllable last word up.

Ex: Com’municate, ‘regulate ‘classmat, tech’nology, e`mergency, ‘certainty

‘biology pho’tography,

Some exceptions: ‘accuracy…

2.3.1.11 The words ending with ade, ee, ese, eer, ette, oo, oon, ain (verb only), -esque, - isque, -aire, -mental, - ever, - self, the stress on the tail itself:

Ex: lemo’nade, Chi’nese, pio’neer, kanga’roo, ty’phoon, when’ever,

environ’mental, etc

Exceptions: ‘coffee, com’mitee…

2.3.1.12 The words indicating volume stress at the end ending with the tail - teen Otherwise, you will emphasize the first word if ending in - y

Ex: thir’teen, four’teen / ‘twenty,‘ thirty, ‘fifty…

2.3.1.13 Prefixes and suffixes are never stressed, often emphasized in the original word - Prefixes do not change the main stress of a word.

Ex: im’portant / unim’portant, ‘perfect / im’perfect, a’ppear /disa’ppear/

Exceptions: ‘statement /’ understatement, ‘ground / ‘underground,

- The suffix does not change the stress of the original word

Ex: ‘beauty / ’beautiful, teach / ’teacher, at’tract / at’tractive,…

2.3.1.14 The word has 3 syllables:

a Verb

- The stress falls on the 2nd syllable if the 3rd syllable has short vowels and ends with 1 consonant

Ex: encounter / iŋ’kauntə /, determine / di’t3: min /

- The stress will fall on the first syllable if the 3rd syllable is a long or double vowel or ends with 2 or more consonants.

Ex: exercise / ‘eksəsaiz /, compromise /

Exceptions: entertain / entə’tein /, comprehend /, kɔmpri’hend /

b Noun

For a three-syllable noun: if the second syllable contains the /

ə / or / i / sound, the stress will be on the first syllable.

Ex:

paradise / ˈpærədaɪs /, pharmacy / ˈfɑːrməsi /, controversy /ˈkɑːntrəvɜːrsi /, holiday / ˈhɑːlədeɪ /, resident / ˈrezɪdənt /…

If the nouns with the first syllable contain the short syllable (/

ə / or / i /) or the second syllable contains the long vowel / double vowel, the stress falls on the second syllable.

Ex:

computer / kəmˈpjuːtər /, potato / pəˈteɪtoʊ /, banana / bəˈnænə /,disaster / dɪˈzɑːstə (r) /

c Adjective

3-syllable adjectives similar to nouns

Ex: happy / ’hæpi /, impossible / im’pɔsəbl /…

2.3.2 Application

Explain the word stress in each unit

UNIT 1: GREETINGS

Numbers /ˈnʌmbə(r)/: số đếm

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- Good morning /ˌɡʊd ˈmɔːnɪŋ/: chào buổi sáng

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- Good afternoon/ˌɡʊd ɑːftəˈnuːn/: chào buổi chiều

=>2.3.1.11 The words ending with - ade, - ee, - ese, - eer, - ette, - oo, -oon, - ain (verb only), -esque, - isque, -aire, -mental, - ever, - self, the stress on the tail itself:

- Good evening/ˌɡʊd ˈiːvnɪŋ/: chào buổi tối

=> Âm i: mang trọng âm.

- Thirteen/ˌθɜːˈtiːn/ = 13

- Fourteen /ˌfɔːˈtiːn/ = 14

- Fifteen /ˌfɪfˈtiːn/ = 15

-UNIT 2 AT SCHOOL

- (to ) open your book /ˈəʊpən - jɔː(r) - bʊk/: mở sách ra

=> Âm ə yếu thường không mang trọng âm.

- (in ) a city /ˈsɪti/: (ở) thành phố

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- a student /ˈstjuːdnt/: học sinh

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- a teacher /ˈtiːtʃə(r)/: giáo viên

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- a window /ˈwɪndəʊ/: cửa sổ

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- a waste basket /weɪst - ˈbɑːskɪt/: giỏ rác

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- a pencil /ˈpensl/: bút chì

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- a ruler /ˈruːlə(r)/: cây thước

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- an eraser /ɪˈreɪzə(r)/ : cục tẩy

=> If the nouns with the first syllable contain the short syllable (/ ə / or / i /) or the second syllable contains the long vowel / double vowel, the stress falls on the second syllable.

UNIT 3: AT HOME

- Family /ˈfæməli/(n): gia đình

=>For a three-syllable noun: if the second syllable contains the / ə / or / i / sound, the stress will be on the first syllable

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- a bookshelf /ˈbʊkʃelf/: giá sách

=> 2.3.1.5 Compound noun: the stress falls on the first syllable

- an armchair /ɑmtʃeə(r)/: ghế bành

=> 2.3.1.5 Compound noun: the stress falls on the first syllable

- a table /ˈteɪbl/: cái bàn

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable - people/pipl/: người

- a bookcase/ˈbʊkkeɪs/: tủ sách

=>2.3.1.5 Compound noun: the stress falls on the first syllable

- a stereo /ˈsteriəʊ/: máy nghe nhạc

=>For a three-syllable noun: if the second syllable contains the / ə / or / i / sound, the stress will be on the first syllable

- an engineer /ˌendʒɪˈnɪə(r)/: kỹ sư

=> 2.3.1.11 The words ending with ade, ee, ese, eer, ette, oo, oon, ain (verb only), -esque, - isque, -aire, -mental, - ever, - self, the stress on the tail itself:

a doctor /ˈdɒktə(r)/: bác sĩ

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- In the country /ˈkʌntri/: ở miền quê

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- (to) have breakfast /hæv - ˈbrekfəst/: ăn sáng

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

UNIT 5 THINGS I DO

- (to) do your homework /duːhəʊmwɜːk/: làm bài tập về nhà

=>2.3.1.5 Compound noun: the stress falls on the first syllable

- everyday /ˈevrideɪ/: mỗi ngày

=>For a three-syllable noun: if the second syllable contains the / ə / or / i / sound, the stress will be on the first syllable

- (to) listen to music /ˈlɪsn - ˈmjuːzɪk/: nghe nhạc

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- (to) do the housework /ˈhaʊswɜːk/: làm việc nhà

=>2.3.1.5 Compound noun: the stress falls on the first syllable.

- (to)play volleyball /ˈvɒlibɔːl/: chơi bóng chuyền

=>For a three-syllable noun: if the second syllable contains the / ə / or / i / sound, the stress will be on the first syllable

- football /ˈfʊtbɔːl/(n): bóng đá

=>2.3.1.5 Compound noun: the stress falls on the first syllable n): thể thao

- English/ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/(n) : tiếng Anh

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- math /mæθ/(n): toán

- literature /ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/(n): văn

- history /ˈhɪstri/(n): lịch sử

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- geography /dʒiˈɒɡrəfi/(n): địa lí

- Days of week /deɪ - wiːk/: Các ngày trong tuần

- Monday /ˈmʌndeɪ/: thứ hai

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- Tuesday /ˈtjuːzdeɪ/: thứ ba

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- Wednesday /ˈwenzdeɪ/: thứ tư

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- Thursday /ˈθɜːzdeɪ/: thứ năm

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- Friday /ˈfraɪdeɪ/: thứ sáu

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- Saturday /ˈsætədeɪ/: thứ bảy

- Sunday /ˈsʌndeɪ/: chủ nhật

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

UNIT 6 PLACES

- flowers /ˈflaʊə(r)/(n): bông hoa

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- a rice paddy /raɪs - ˈpædi/: cánh đồng

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- a village /ˈvɪlɪdʒ/: làng, xã

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- country /ˈkʌntri/ (n): miền quê/ đất nước

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- a restaurant /ˈrestrɒnt/: nhà hàng

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- a temple /ˈtempl/: đền, miếu

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- a hospital /ˈhɒspɪtl/: bệnh viện

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- a factory/ˈfæktri/ : nhà máy

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- a museum /mjuˈziːəm/: nhà bảo tàng

- a stadium /ˈsteɪdiəm/: sân vận động

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- in front of /frʌnt/: phía trước

- behind /bɪˈhaɪnd/: phía sau

- drugstore/ˈdrʌɡstɔː(r)/(n): hiệu thuốc tây

- movie theater /ˈmuːvi θɪətə(r)/ (n): rạp chiếu phim

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- police station /pəˈliːs steɪʃn/(n): đồn công an

=> ə weak syllable does not carry an accent

- bakery /ˈbeɪkəri/(n): lò / tiệm bánh mì

=> For a three-syllable noun: if the second syllable contains the / ə / or / i / sound, the stress will be on the first syllable

- between /bɪˈtwiːn/: ở giữa

=> vowel i:

UNIT 7 YOUR HOUSE

- a garden /ˈɡɑːdn/: khu vườn

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- vegetable/ˈvedʒtəbl/ (n) : rau

=> For a three-syllable noun: if the second syllable contains the / ə / or / i / sound, the stress will be on the first syllable

- a photo/ˈfəʊtəʊ/ : bức ảnh

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- a supermarket /ˈsuːpəmɑːkɪt/: siêu thị

- an apartment /əˈpɑːtmənt/: căn hộ

- a market /ˈmɑːkɪt/: chợ

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- by motorbike /ˈməʊtəbaɪk/: bằng xe gắn máy

UNIT 8 OUT AND ABOUT

- to play video games/ˈvɪdiəʊ ɡeɪmz/ : chơi trò chơi video

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable.

- a policeman /pəˈliːsmən/: công an, cảnh sát

=> 2.3.1.5 Compound noun: the stress falls on the first syllable.

- difficult /ˈdɪfɪkəlt/(adj) : khó khăn

For a three-syllable adjective: if the second syllable contains the / ə / or / i / sound, the stress will be on the first syllable

UNIT 9: THE BODY

- finger /'fiɳgə/ (n): ngón tay

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable.

- body /'bɔdi/ (n): cơ thể, thân thể

- shoulder /'ʃouldə/ (n): vai

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable.

- actor /'æktə/ (n): diễn viên (nam)

- actress /'æktris/ (n): diễn viên (nữ)

- singer /'siɳə/ (n): ca sĩ

- colour/ color /'kʌlə/ (n): màu

- gymnast /'ʤimnæst/ (n): vận động viên thể dục

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- weightlifter /'weiliftə/ (n): vận động viên cử tạ

=> For a three-syllable noun: if the second syllable contains the / ə / or / i / sound, the stress will be on the first syllable

- monster /'mɔnstə/ (n): ác quỷ, quái vật

=> Noun with 2 stress syllables falls into the first syllable

- heavy /'hevi/ (adj): nặngu

- good-looking /gud/-luking/ (adj): xinh, đẹp (cho nam/ nữ)