Tài liệu ôn thi cao học trường Kiến trúc
Trang 11 Simplepesent (Hiện taị đơn giản):
- Present factx: sự thật ở hiện tại
- Habbits : một thói quen : mô tả tần suất xảy ra sự việc đó
I phone him every day
Nói về chân lý quy luật tự nhiên(truth/ law of nature)
- The earth moves round the sun
Like/ dislikes
- I | like | coffee I | don’t like | coffee
| love| | hate |
( chú ý: Object nhận hành động của động từ chịu tác động của động từ.)
Eg: I like shopping
(chú ý: Verb-ing: cấu tạo từ động từ có chức năng danh từ)
Eg: - I’m studying English now
- She’s standing at the door
- They are sitting near the window
Which (chọn cái nào)
Trang 2On the bus/ gradeual change: Hđ biến đổi dần dần từ từ.Eg: - The price of land | is | going down.
| decreasing
| decling
- You ‘re getting | father and father
| bigger and big.ger
- Your English is improving
- The living quality ‘s improving
- Their love ‘s improving
- Their relationship ‘s improving
* Future plans (kế hoạch trong tương lai)
- when are you leaving?
- I’m leaving tomorrow morning
- What are you doing tomorrow
- I’m having a meeting at 9 a.m
3 Simple past ( quá khứ đơn)
Xảy ra dứt điểm trong quá khứ
ago
yesterday
yesterday morrning/ affer noon
last nigh / week/ month / year/
at 2 pm yesterday
In 1974
Eg: I just saw him a minute ago
Regular verbs +ED (động từ có quy tắc)
- It took 20 minutes to drive to work
arrive at ( tại địa điểm con người xdựng ra )
arrive in ( dùng vùng địa ranh)
Eg: He arive at work
He works until 10 noon then he stops work
He went out for luch Let go out for a coffee
4 Past continuons (quá khứ tiếp diễn).
Was + verb- ing
Trang 3Were +
* hành động đang tiếp diễn tại thời điểm trong quá khứ
- I was having dinner at 9 p.m last night
- They were watching TV
- She was taking on the phone
* diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra thì hành động khác xen vào
- I was having dinner when the phone rang
- The phone rang while I was having dinner
- I was walking to the bus stop when it | rained
| started raining
the | rain started
* Quá khứ đơn
I decided to go back home to get a umbrellar
I was walking back home went it stopped raining
5 Present perfect (hiện tại hoàn thành).
Have + done Has +
See – saw – seen
1 diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ kết quả để lại hiện tại.
- I have seen this film ≠ I saw it 2 years ago
2 Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và kéo dài tới hiện tại.
- I have been a teacher for 30 years
- I’m here How long have you been here?
- We have been here for ten minutes
- We have been here since 5.30
- I have had this watch for 2 years
- How long have you know each other?
- We ‘ ve known each other for 2 years
3 just
recently
- I just | arrived here
| done my home work
I haven’t seen him recently
4 already
Not … yet
- I already done exercise 1, but I haven’t done exercise 2 yet
- I have been to HCM city (Experience)
≠ I have already to be HCM city ( kế hoạch đã làm trong dự định)Nghi vấn:
Have you … ever ( experience)
- Have you ever seen a fire?
- Yes, I have I saw a fire in 1978
No, I haven’t
- Have you ever driver a car?
- Have you ever been in love?
He’s in love
Are you married?
Trang 4(to get married)
- When did you married?
- I got married 2 month ago
- How long have you been in love with her
(to fall in love with sb)
- When did you fall in love with him?
- I fell in love with him 2 months ago
I have = I’ve
You have = you’ve
She has = she ‘s
- she’s a teacher
- she’s | been a teacher
| has this job for 2 month
6 Present perfect continuons (HTHTTD).
Have + been + verbing Has +
* Diễn tả hành động xảy ra liên tục từ QK HT Tiếp diễn tới tương lai
How long have you has this time
(không có been having)
Know – known
ngoài ra dùng hiện tại hoàn thành đơn giản: be - been
7 Past perfect (QKHT).
Had + done
Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trước một hành động quá khứ khác
- When I arrived at the bus stop, the bus stop had already gone
- When police arrived, the robbers had already gone
- The house looked new because he has redecorated
- She was sad because he hadn’t gone to her birthday party
8 Past perfect continuons (QKHTTD).
Had + been + verbing
- Her eyer were red because she had been crying all day
- They were tired because they had been playing foot ball for 2 hours
- How long has it been raining
(manage to to sth : khó khăn lắm nhưng vẫn làm được).
9 Future (thì tương lai)
Will Going to
- I’ll call him later ( decision at the moment of speaking –Quyết định tại thời điểm nói)
Trang 5- I’m going to call him later quyết định đã có trước khi thời điểm đó.
Tương lai dự định (going to ) diễn tả hành động đã được quyết
- I was happy | to get the letter | ofening me a job in your company
- I am happing to get the latter |which(that) | offered (offers)|me
10 mẫu câu
To be + adj + to do sth
I’m | happing to teach you english
| please to | see you again
| meet you again
To offer sb sth – dành cho ai một cái gì đó
- He was thirsty I offered him | a drink
| a glass of water
To tell sb sth – bảo, nói cho ai biết cái gì
- you didn’t tell me when you wanted me to start to work for you
- Tell me you your name?
- Tell me | when you want to study E
Object
| where she lives
| why you like E
To want | sth
| to do sth
| sb to do sth.
I want a big house
I want to buy a big house
I want you to buy a big house
To expecting to do sth: mong muốn ai làm gì
- My present employer is expecting me to stay with him until the end of thoe month
On |
at | + N (danh từ)
in | +( động từ +ing – danh động từ)
about |
- we are thinking about buying a house near the office
- My wife is anxious to find a good school for the children to attend
- she is worry they will not beable to continue to study the same subjects
To continue to do sth : tiếp tục làm gì
Let’s hope there problems will not take long solve
Let’s do sth : rủ làm cùng
Trang 6- Let’s go
- Let’s study E
To solve a problem: giải quyết vấn đề gì
- I want to solve this problems
- This excercise takes ten minutes to do
= It take ten minutes to do this exercise
- How long does it take get to school
To look forward to + N
+ verbing
- I look forward to | seeing you again
| hearing from you
Because of + N
+ verbing
- The train couldn’t run because of the snow
The snow prevent the train from running
To prevent | sb | from |verbing: ngăn cảncái gì
| sth|
- The children couldn’t so swimming because of the cold weather
The cold weather prevent the children from going swimming
- The table is so heavy that I can’t lift it
It’s such a heavy table that I cant lift it
- This test is so difficult that no one can do it
It’s such a difficult test that no one can do it
- The weather was so cold that I didn’t want to go out
It was such cold weather that I didn’t want to go out
Too + adj (for sb) + to do
Not + adj + enough (for sb) + to do
- The table is too heavy for me to lift
The table is not light enough for me to lift
- The car is so expensive that I cant buy it
It is such an expensive car that I cant buy it
The car is too expensive for me to buy
The car is not cheep enough for me to buy
I am too poor to buy the car
I am mot rich enough to buy the car
To apologise for | sth
| doing sth.
Trang 7I apologise | the late rely.
| coming late to the party last night
Conditionls ( câu điều kiện)
Type 1: (real conditionls)
If it rain , I will stay at home
Simple present will verb
Study hard
pass the exam
go to university study architecture
becam an architect Rich when 30
Unless it rains | I won’t stay at home
If not
Type 2: (Unreal conditions in the present)
điều kiện giả định ở hiện tại
If I had a car, I would travel every where
Simple past would + verb
(thực tế không có thật)
- I’m not in London now I cant help you
If I were in London, I would help you
| could help you
If I were the minister of construction I would buil more honsing for the poor
Type 3: ( Unreal conditions in the past).
Giả định trong quá khứ
If I had study hard, I would have passed the exam
Past perfect would + have done
- If it had rain, I would have gone to the party
- I didn’t have enough money, so I didn’t bought that car
If I had enough money, I would have bought that car
- He didn’t hurry, so he missed the train
If he had hurried, he would’nt have missed the train
To be | good | at | sth
| bad |
- Janet is the best tennis-player in the club
No one in the club plays tennis better than Janet does
Passives ( câu bị động)
When was the house built ?
I bought a car yesterday
object
A car was bought (by me) yesterday
S V
- He gave me a ring
a ring was given to me by him
I was given a ring by him
He ‘s standing at the door không chuyển được
Trang 8Actives Passivers
Sombody does it | It’s done by somebody
Somebody is doing it | It’s being done by sb
Somebody did it | It was done by sb
Somebody was doing it|It was being done by sb
Somebody has done it | It has been done by sb
Somebody had done it | It had been done by sb
Somebody will do it | It will be done by sb
Somebody is going to do it| It’s going to be
done by sb
Somebody| can | It |can |
| could| do it | |could|be done by sb
| may | |may |
|might | |might|
| must | |must |
Somebody| has to | do it It|has to|be done by sb
| had to| |had to |
| will have to| |will have to|
Hiện tại tiếp diễn và quá khứ tiếp diễn không có bị động
To make sb do sth
=> To be make to do sth
To manage to do sth
To succesed in doing sth
At last (at the end + of)
At the and of the |day
+ the fact that
1 Although he had studied hard, he failed the
3 Despite the cold weather I went swimming
Athough the weather was cold, I went
Trang 9swimming.
4 Though the car was expensive I bought it
Despite | the expensive car, I bought it
| the fact that the car was expensive,
I bought it
Suggest that sb should do sth
- Why don’t you study english ? said he
He suggest that I should study English
- Why don’t you buy a new car, Jonh? Said Marry
Marry suggest that Jonn should buy a new car
- Why don’t you practice your english every day?
He suggest that I should practice my english every day
I wish + past perfect (ước gì – hối tiếc)
- I wish | I were | a king
| rick
| had a car
- I’m sorry I don’t have a car
I wish I had a car
- I wish it hadn’t rained last night
- I didn’t marry her I regret that
I wish I had married her
- He didn’t buy that car He regrets it now
He wish he had bought that car
- He didn’t study hard for exam, he regrets that now
He wish he had studied hard for exam
Trang 10Reporter speech ( câu gián tiếp, tường thuật)
I love England “ said he
He said that he loved england
Present continuons past continuons
Past simple Past perfect
Past continous Past perfect continouns.Present perfect continous Past ferfect continous.Past perfect Past perfect
Yesterday The day before
Last night The night before
Tomorrow The next day/
the following
- I’m studying English now ‘ said he
He | said that | he was studying English then | told me that |
- I didn’t go out last night ‘ said she
She said that she hadn’t gone out the night before.Câu khẳng định : statement
- He has been working here for 2 year? Said he
He said that he had been working there for 2 years
- I’ll do it tomorrow’ said he
he said that he would do it the next day
Câu hỏi : Questions
Yes /no questions
1 Are you student? Asked she
She asked me if I was a student
2 Do you like English, Lan? Ask Minh
Minh asks Lan if she liked english
3 Did you go out last night?
She asks me if I had gone out the night before
Wh – question (câu hỏi đặc biệt)
- What’s your name? asked she
She askse me what my name was
- Where are you live , Jane? Asked John
John asked Jane where she lived
- What are you doing now, asked he
He wanted to know what I was doing then
Trang 11- Where are you going tomorrow? Asked she.
She asked me where I was going the next day
- When did you start learning english?
she asked me when I had started learning english
- What did you do last night?
She asked me what I had done the night before
* Câu mệnh lệnh : Commands
“Don’t do that” told sb not to do sth
“Do this” told sb to do sth
- Don’t talk! Said the teacher
The teacher told me not to talk
- Open your book” said the teacher
The teacher told us to open the book
- Stretch your legs every hour? Said the doctor
The doctor told me to stretch my legs every hour
“Don’t you the office phone for personal calls”
She told me not to use the office phone for personal calls
To ask sb to sth
To ask sb not to do sth
“please open your case”said the police
The police asked me to open my case
- “Please don’t move” said the police
The police asked me not to move
Would like | to do sth = want to do sth
I prefer | tea to coffee
| staying at home to going out with her
| her to learn english
Would rather sb did sth
- May I smoke?
- I rather you didn’t = I prefer you not to smoke
To have something done
- I always | have | my hair | cut | these
| have | my car | repaired | these
I am | having | | - | now
I |had | | - | this morning
Trang 12I was | having | - | - | when you phone me.
the | oil | changed
the | house | repainted | redecorated
my | car | seviced
my | tooth | pulled out
to be short of money : thiếu tiền
I’m short of money
allow sb to do sth : cho phép ai làm gì
My mom never allow me to go out at night
She allowed me to speek vietnames
to signal the intention to do sth: ý định làm gì
to agree to do sth : chấp thuận (đồng ý) làm gì
On the way : trên con đường
For the sake of sb : vì lợi ích của ai
Do you mind verbing : đề nghị
To be out of the question: ngoài khả năng giải quyết
To refuse to do sth : từ chối làm gì
Trang 13Phần bài tập viết thư:
Chú ý:
1 I / be/ happy/ get/ letter/ yesterday.
I was happy to get a letter from you yesterday
2 I/be / please / riceive/ you pacel
I was very please to riceive your pacel
3 I/ surpise/ hear/ that/ you/ fail / exam
I was surprise to hear that you failed the exam
4 I/ not see / you / long time
I havent seen you for a long time
5 I/not write/ you / long time / because / I / be / busy/
I havent written to you for a long time because I have been busy
6 I/ not atten / meeting / yesterday/ because / I / be / busy
I didn’t attend the meeting yesterday because I was busy
7 I / move / a new house
I have moved to a new house
8 I / just / move / a new company
I have just moved to a new company
9 I / move / the new house / 2 month ago
I moved to the new house 2 month ago
10 The new house / lovely / a nice garden
The new house is lovey with a nice garden
11 But / it / need / repair
But it needs a repair
12 The new house / intersting / than / old one
The new house is more intersting than the old one
13 I/ love / new job / because / intersting / than / old one
I love my new job because it is more intersting than the old one
14 I/ enjoy / new job / because…
I am enjoying my new job because …
15 I / going to / have / party / Sunday 1st Arpil
I am going to have a party on Sunday 1 st Arpil
16 I / like / invite / you / come / party
I would like to invite you to come to the party
17 Would / you / like / come / party
Would you like to come to the party
18 be able / you / come / party
Will you be able to come to the party?
19 Can / you / come / party/
Can you come to the party
20 I / be / please / if / you / come / party
I will be pleased if you come to the party
21 I / look forward / see / you / soon
I look forward to seeing you soon
22 I / look / forward / hear / you
I look forward to hearing from you
Trang 141 Viết thư: P32
a I was happy to get the letter offering me a job in your company
b You didn’t tell me when you wanted me to start to work for you
c My present employer is expecting me to stay with him until the end of the month
d My wife is anxious to find a good shool for the children to attend
e She is worried they will not be able to continue to study the same subjects
f Let’s hope these problems will not take long solve
g I look forward to starting to work for you
Your sincerely.
2 Viết thư: P61
Dear Mr Johnson,
a A friend of mine has recently returned from England (has) advised me to write toyou
b I hope to come to england next year and spend some months in Cambridge
c Perhaps you can recommend a suitable English family for me stay with
d While I am there, I will take a part – time course to improve my English
e Is there a part- time course at your college?
f If there is I would be grateful, if you send me appication form
g Please tell me how much the fees of the course are
h I would like to know the date the of course begin
Your sincere.
3 Viết thư : P 81
Dear Kumiko
a I am very pleased to have received the parcel you sent me
b What a good idea to send a selection of different kinds of food from your contry
c I enjoyed eating them very much and so did my family
d It would not be possible to buy these things in England except perhaps in London
e As you said in your letter, you would like me to send you a parcel of English food
f I have just posted one to you
g It will not arrive at the same time as this letter because I sent it by sea-mail
h In the parcel there is some information about preparing and eating this (kind of) food
Love Marry.
4 Viết thư P24 Q2.
Dear sir,
a I was very surprised at the letter that I received from you this morning
b In it you say I have not paid for the book you sent me one month ago
c You say I must send you the money immediately
d In fact I returned the book to you the same day I received it
e I did not returned it because I did not want it
f But because the book was in poor condition with several tom pages
g I sent you a letter at the time asking you to send me a perfect copy of the same book
h I hope that you will do that and that I will not have to write to you again about this matter.Your faithfully
5 Viết thư P40 Q2.
a I expect that you will be surprised to get this letter from me
b As you can see from the address above I am in hospital
Trang 15c Last Wednesday I had an accident when I am driving to work.
d A child ran out in front of my car and I had to stop so suddenly that the car behind crashed intome
e Luckily I was wearing a seatbel so I was not injure badly although I’ll have to stay here until next Friday
f It is verry boring here so I will be very pleased to see you if you have spare time
g Visting hours are from 7.00 to 9.00 in the everning
h I hope that you will be able to come
Give me regards to your family