Detail goal Firstly, systematize and elucidate theoretical and practical basis for rural residents' participation in new rural construction; Secondly, to analyze and clearly assess the
Trang 1INTRODUCTION
1 Reason for research
Around the world, participation is widely used in development
theory and development projects By the late 1960s participation was
mentioned in social or community development areas (Arnstein, 1969),
and later in community research and community work increasingly
being mentioned more to people's involvement (Abbott, 1995)
Participation helps socio-economic development programs, projects or
plans achieve the set goals more effectively and sustainably; At the
same time, it also affects the sharing of development benefits to
stakeholders and has a managerial support in the implementation
process On the other hand, participation also helps to properly mobilize
local resources for development (Chhetri, 2013)
In Vietnam, new rural construction is a national target program to
be implemented on a large scale to implement the Resolution No 26 of
the Central Executive Committee on August 5, 2008 and the
Government's Action Program to develop comprehensive and
comprehensive development in rural areas in terms of economy,
politics, socio-culture and ecological environment preservation After 9
years of implementation and implementation (2010 - July 30, 2019), the
participation of rural residents in general and rural residents in the Red
River Delta region in particular has been increasingly evident in specific
tasks such as: : enthusiastically contributing ideas, voluntarily
contributing resources (money, material, land, workdays, .); being
proactive and creative in organizing production, improving rural
livelihoods, enthusiastically participating in cultural and social
development movements, preserving security and order, etc The places
where the active participation of rural households have really increased
the feasibility and sustainability of infrastructure works, good traditional
culture are preserved, the spirit of solidarity and cohesion The people
2 particular, participation also helps to stimulate the industrious nature, the spirit of inquisitiveness, the dynamism of rural residents to help them develop more stable household economy, upgrade housing and gardens, lakes, rivers, streams, fields create landscapes and make the countryside become spacious, clean and more beautiful The results of new rural construction have achieved certain victories, mobilizing great resources in the rural areas to develop relatively comprehensive in all areas of social life, quality of life The living standards of the rural population have been improved and improved, the forms of organizing production in the countryside have been increasingly renovated, the infrastructure has become more modern and advanced, the natural environment landscape is focused on better preservation to maintain, protecting the ecosystem inherent in rural areas
However, the actual implementation of new rural construction still raises a number of shortcomings such as: following the criteria in a formal way, the quality of life of the rural residents according to the new standards has not yet been met or is not sustainable Some places still mobilize incorrectly, a part of rural residents still do not understand the nature of the program, have not taken advantage of their advantages to rise up, there are still ideas that depend on the State support and investment Participation in implementing the criteria of income, production organization, environment and safety in agricultural production, business and processing is still very limited and not really active, some households small and unable to respond promptly to market fluctuations, epidemics, On the other hand, the need to upgrade new rural criteria (new model rural) in the coming period is also a big challenge that requires more active and active participation of rural residents
Although there have been studies on the subjective role of mass organizations and the role of the people, the topics have not been fully
Trang 23 studied in many aspects on the participation of the rural residents in new
rural construction In particular, there has been no such research in the
Red River Delta, where there are certain advantages and disadvantages
in the process of building a new countryside Therefore, the
participation of rural residents in new rural construction still needs to be
further studied to promote the participation of rural residents for
sustainable socio-economic development in rural areas From the
above-mentioned topics: "Researching the participation of rural residents in
the construction of new rural areas in the Red River Delta" is
necessary, selected by the author to be the doctoral dissertation topic
2 Research objectives
2.1 General objective
2.2 Detail goal
Firstly, systematize and elucidate theoretical and practical basis
for rural residents' participation in new rural construction;
Secondly, to analyze and clearly assess the situation of the
participation of rural residents in the construction of new rural areas in
the Red River Delta region;
Thirdly, based on the situation analysis, the thesis makes some
recommendations to promote the participation of rural residents in the
construction of new rural areas in the Red River Delta in particular and
Vietnam in general
3 Subject and scope of research
3.1 Research subject
Study on the participation of rural residents in the new rural
building The topic focuses mainly on people who are residing in rural
areas
3.2 Scope of research
- Scope of content:
4 The thesis focuses on researching methods and contents of rural residents 'participation in new rural construction to clarify the relationship between rural residents' participation and the results of new rural construction
- Scope of space: Research in the Red River Delta region
- Time scope: Focus on the study of the status of rural residents in
the new rural construction period from 2010 to 7/2019 and the orientation of the recommendation to 2030
4 Research questions
(1) What is the method and content of participation of rural residents in the new rural building?
(2) What are the results, limitations and causes of the participation of rural residents in the construction of new rural areas in the Red River Delta?
(3) How is the involvement of rural residents related to the results
of new rural construction in the Red River Delta?
(4) How to best mobilize the participation of rural residents in new rural construction?
5 Research methodology
The thesis uses both the method of quantitative research and quantitative studies (the author will present in detail in chapter III)
6 The new constructions of the thesis
Contributions in terms of academics and theoretical perspectives
(1) Participation theory (Arnstein, 1969) and stakeholder theory (Freeman, 1984; Mitchell, 1997) shows that if managed subjects are heard more, are more involved and relevant Collaboration with managers is easy to achieve management goals The extended thesis examines the theoretical basis of the participation of rural residents in vocational training in terms of methods and content of participation
Trang 35 (2) Applying the theory of collective action (Tarrow 1988,
Sandler 1992), the thesis explores the collective action of rural residents
in the construction of new rural areas in the Red River Delta
(3) The participation of rural residents in new rural construction is
measured through: rural residents actively receive information about
new rural construction; comments; contribute resources; improve
livelihoods; supervision in new rural construction; implement
regulations on safety in agricultural production and processing, food
safety and participate in landscape creation and environmental
sanitation
New findings and recommendations are drawn from the thesis
(1) The involvement of rural residents has always played a core
role in the new rural construction The level of importance of rural
residents is reflected as the main subject and directly performs each new
rural criterion such as: improving living conditions, improving the
inheritance, implementing safety in agricultural production,
environmental sanitation, etc This is an indispensable subject in the
process of new rural construction
(2) The participation of rural residents in new rural construction is
associated with better and more sustainable rural construction results
This result has two effects: firstly, to help rural residents better
understand their responsibilities, and secondly, to help managers to be
aware of the role of rural residents to have the mechanism of
encouragement, motivate their involvement in new rural construction
7 The thesis structure
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the thesis is
presented in 05 chapters:
Chapter 1: Overview of research results related to the
participation of rural residents in new rural construction
Chapter 2: The theoretical and practical basis of the involvement
6
Chapter 3: Site characteristics and research methods Chapter 4: The status of participation of rural residents of the Red River delta in new rural construction
Chapter 5: Proposing some solutions to promote the participation
of rural residents in the construction in the Red River Delta region
CONTENT SECTION CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH RESULTS RELATED TO THE PARTICIPATION OF RURAL RESIDENTS
IN NEW RURAL CONSTRUCTION
There have been many domestic and foreign studies on the participation and subjective role of farmers in new rural construction, etc The results of the studies have explained:
- Interpreting the content, method, concept, meaning of participation and factors affecting participation;
- Interpreting the concept, role, content, mode of participation of rural residents;
- Discuss the scale of participation of rural residents in separate aspects and scale on the results of new rural construction
- Some works have discussed the participation of organizations and unions in construction in new rural construction, the role of participation of farmers in new rural construction from a general perspective
However, there has been no comprehensive and comprehensive research on the participation of rural residents in the construction of new rural areas Based on the inheritance and selective works announced on participation and participation in new rural construction The thesis continues to solve the following issues:
Firstly, theoretically:
Supplementing and clarifying the theory of rural residents' participation in new rural construction, focusing on clarifying issues:
Trang 47 concept, role, level of participation; content, and mode of participation
of rural residents in new rural construction
Secondly, practically:
- What is the actual participation of rural residents in the Red
River Delta in the process of new rural construction?
- The results and limitations and causes limiting the participation of
rural residents in the construction of new rural areas in the Red River delta;
- Considering the relationship between the participation of rural
residents and the results of new rural construction in the Red River Delta
CHAPTER 2: THE THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS
OF THE INVOLVEMENT OF RURAL RESIDENTS IN NEW
RURAL CONSTRUCTION
2.1 Theory of application for research
2.1.1 Theory of involvement
From the fundamental theory of the step of citizen participation in
the Arnstein 1969 study, later studies have been applied to the study to
provide a theoretical basis through the practice of participation in many
fields The difference of social life and the concept of participation is that
people participate in all aspects of social life equally within the framework
of the law; They have access to, share information, discuss, discuss and
participate in the decision-making process, and contribute resources to
implement that decision
2.1.2 The theory of "stakeholders":
If managers value stakeholders in the concept of stakeholders, it
is successful to organize the implementation of issues in the
management that will succeed and grow more sustainably (Fontaine,
2006) Any stakeholder is more listened to and engaged as much if they
have higher prominence
In the national target program of new rural construction,
8 organizations, and economic units stationed in the locality, etc In which rural residents have the role of a host-they are both subject to performance, both the subject of development benefit, if they are valued, more listened to, and participated in many (highlights), the results of the program will be higher and more sustainable Therefore, the application of stakeholder theory to highlight the participation of rural residents in implementing the new rural construction program in an active, dynamic Facilitate and help them to perform well the central role of rural development Among the stakeholders to the new rural building process, rural residents are central to requiring special attention
to this subject because their involvement has a huge influence on the results of new rural criteria
2.1.3 Theory of Collective Action:
The theory of collective action is referred to as the synergy of many individuals involved in certain work to form collective action for the common good of the collective (Tarrow 1988, Sandler 1992) This is one of the theories that can explain the participation of rural residents to form collective action when they perform work for the benefit of the community
In the process of new rural construction in Vietnam, rural residents' involvement is considered as collective action as they perform the work, the criteria in the new rural construction Because the new rural criteria are aimed at the comprehensive development of rural areas, these criteria relate to the rights and obligations of rural residents They work together to effectively implement production plans Helping each other products safely and preserve environmental sanitation Implementing sustainable production links; develop reasonable and modern rural infrastructure and effectively exploit production activities and people's daily life, etc
2.2 The theoretical basis of new rural construction and participation of rural residents in new rural construction
Trang 52.2.1 New rural concept and new rural construction
2.2.2 Participation of rural residents in new rural construction
2.2.3 Methods of participation of rural residents in new rural
construction
2.2.4 The content of rural residents participating in the
implementation of the criteria in the new rural construction
2.3 The practical basis for the involvement of rural residents
in the new rural construction
2.3.1 Practical involvement of Rural residents in some new rural
models in the world
2.3.2 Practices of rural residents' participation in the process of
building new rural areas in some localities in Vietnam
2.3.3 Experience lessons for the new rural building process in
the Red River delta region
- Promote the internal strength of the people to implement the
criteria in the process of new rural construction, the rural residents need
to be involved in building planning, deciding on the type of
construction, which project needs a priority to advance, publicly discuss,
design decisions and supervision of construction and testing of works
- Vocational training for rural workers, transfer of technical
advances, new breeds, science technology to help farmers increase crop
and livestock productivity, build specialized commodity areas, develop
products to increase revenues import, and support the expansion of
stable and sustainable agricultural consumption markets
- It is necessary to create favorable conditions to encourage the
participation of rural residents themselves in the work of new rural
construction They must be truly owned Practical benefits of rural residents
must be cared for and created mechanisms to help them proactively develop
their economy, protect the ecological environment, develop infrastructure
and improve the cultural and spiritual life in a healthy way
- Need to promote self-reliance, initiative, and creativity of rural
10 fully, accurately, and responsibly to create good collective actions in implementing new rural construction criteria related to their interests
- Need to raise awareness about the role of rural residents in building new rural areas They are the center, the ones who directly implement and directly benefit and play a decisive role in the effectiveness of the implementation of the criteria and the sustainability of the national target program on new rural construction
CHAPTER 3: SITE CHARACTERISTICS AND RESEARCH METHODS
3.1 The natural and socio-economic conditions of the Red River Delta affect the participation of rural residents
3.2 Research methods
3.2.1 Approach and analytical framework
a Approach: The thesis has used the following main weighing
method:
- Access to policies and institutions: Through the study of guidelines and policies related to the participation of rural residents in new rural construction
- Participatory approach: Participatory research, exchange, and
surveys of households and management staff to collect and assess the participation of rural residents in rural construction
- Territorial approach: Studying the participation of rural residents in the construction of new rural areas in different territories of the Red River Delta, focusing on communes that have built new rural areas for comparison of the similarities and differences in the participation of rural residents in the construction of new rural areas between territories
b Analytical framework
Inherited the scale of the participation of previous studies, the author is expected to interview questions, conduct an interview directly with the organizational experts, implement the new Rural Building Program (Chairman, vice-Chairman of the commune's committee) and the households according to the questions on the questionnaire have been designed for information including:
Trang 63.2.2 Information collection and processing methodology
- Data:
Research data is collected from two sources: secondary data
sources are collected from reports, research results, officially published
data of specialized agencies/units; Primary data sources were collected
by the author through interviews and surveys within the scope of the
thesis
Collecting secondary Data: The figures are gathered from published
materials such as Documents of the new Rural Coordination Office, Ministry
of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment, year of statistics, collected through works that have been
published on the internet, etc
Deep interview: The author selects the Non-probability sampling (as a
judgment) to identify the subject to participate in the study But the
pre-defined sample selection criteria and strict adherence to the standards should
mistake can be minimized In this study, the provinces of Thai Binh, Nam
Dinh, Ha Nam, Hung yen, Hai Duong have conditions to develop similar
Participation of rural residents
- Receive and share information
- Discuss, discuss and make
decisions
- Resource contributions
- In supervisory activities
- Implement planning criteria
- Implementing the criteria of socio-economic infrastructure
- Implementing economic criteria and organizing production
- Implementing the criteria of landscape, environment, and safety in production
Results of new rural construction:
- Family economy, income after the new rural construction process
- Rural infrastructure after the new rural construction process
- Lifestyle and landscape of rural environment after new rural
construction (Long et al., 2009)
- Rural residents’ satisfaction level of results achieved in new rural
construction
12 and Vinh Phuc have a similar, more complex terrain, which is harder to develop in rural infrastructure, so the author selects Ninh Binh as Representative; Hanoi and Bac Ninh have relatively flat terrain, so the author selects Hanoi as representative; Quang Ninh and Hai Phong have conditions for developing rural areas similar to the author of Quang Ninh province as a representative to get more survey vouchers in Quang Ninh for quantitative research
In qualitative research, the author directly contacts and interview
10 Chairman, vice-Chairman of the commune's committee in 3 provinces and cities (Thai Binh, Ninh Binh, Hanoi) is the management and organization officer, implementing a new rural building program in the commune to understand about the participation of rural residents and
20 households in different communes has reached new rural in 3 provinces, cities (Thai Binh, Ninh Binh, Hanoi) (interviews that take place from January 01/2017 to January 06/2018) Each interview takes from 30-45 minutes Through the interviewing process, the author brings new ideas and findings from previous interviews into the next interview Finally, discovery ideas are used by the author for data analysis The author stopped the interviewing activities when there were
no new ideas about the participation of rural residents in building new rural areas
Thus, with the analyzes obtained from the review of previous studies combined with qualitative research practice, the author has generalized the descriptive variables of rural population participation and the results description variables New rural construction is as follows:
Table 3.3: Descriptive variables of rural residents' participation in
new rural construction
Based on select variables
Rural residents receive information
TN
Through attending the meeting; leaflets;
media; commune and village officials Hourdequin,
2012; Qualitative research Proactively explore and listen to explanations about new rural construction
Proactively receive full information about
Trang 7Based on select variables
new rural construction
Rural
residents
contribute
their opinions
YK
Contribute comments on rural planning schemes
Finsterbusch 1987; Day, 1997;
Qualitative research
Opinions on rural infrastructure development, etc Comments on product development plans, etc
Discuss, discuss contribution level Voting on contents of new rural construction
of the commune Rural
residents
contribute to
resources
VC
Contribute the land
Finsterbusch 1987; Qualitative research Donate money
Contribute labor days Other Forms Rural
residents
participate in
monitoring
GS
Exercise right to direct supervision in the process of new rural construction Conrad 2011;
Danielsen 2009;
Qualitative research
Join local organizations to exercise supervision
Exercise right to supervise through the delegates of the People's Council
Rural residents
participate in
improving
livelihoods
SK
Participate in agricultural, forestry, and fishery extension classes
Ellis 2000;
Cramb 2004;
Aref 2011; Saidu Qualitative research
Join the consolidation and exchange of plots to develop production
Improve sustainable production (conversion
of suitable crops and livestock) Application of science and technology in production
Linking and actively consuming agricultural products
Rural
residents
participate in
activities to
create
landscapes
and
environmental
sanitation
MT
Use clean water
Gomez, 2002;
Aylett, 2010;
Qualitative research
Implement safety in production and processing of agricultural products; food safety, etc
Use sanitary toilets, create landscapes
Garbage collection and general hygiene
Table 3.4: Descriptive variables on new rural construction outcomes
variables
Results of
new rural
construction
KQ
The family economy has had many changes and increased incomes
Bachmann 2007; Long
et al., 2009; Laah 2013; Nkwake 2013;
The rural infrastructure is fully
14
The village is cleaner, more civilized Chen, 2016; Qualitative
research Rural residents are satisfied with the
results achieved in new rural construction
Survey: Based on the list of households and the suggestion of the
commune leaders, the author chose the owner over 18 years old, understand Vietnamese, and could take time to answer the questionnaire Authors choose to combine both forms of direct and indirect voting: Direct investigation forms, appointment time for the answer slip Indirect form, send the inquiry by mail to the homestay (accompanied by funding to send the courier back) With the way to set up the questionnaire to AutoFill, the information obtained is quite adequate and the response rate is high, meet the requirements of obtaining 384 of the expected investigation slip From the documents and data collected, the thesis uses SPSS software (software supporting primary data processing and analysis) to process data for analysis
Sampling in quantitative research:
After the interview process in qualitative research to study the participation of rural residents in the construction of new rural areas in the Red River Delta and reaffirmed the scale reviewed from the previous study The author continues to apply the modeling formula of Hair et al 1998 to achieve 95% accuracy as N = Z2(pq)/e2 = 1,962(0,5*0,5)/0.052 = 384 observations, Inside:
N: Sample size Z: Standard deviation with an acceptable level of confidence (95%) p: The estimated value of changes in the overall (50%) q: 100 - p
e: The wrong number allowed (5%) The author applied a sample of 384 households to ensure it could be interpreted as an indicator of the overall index with a 95% confidence level There are two groups of sampling methods, probability, and non-probability Methods of probability sampling include simple, systematic random selection, class selection, cluster selection Non-probability sampling methods include convenient sample selection, sample selection according to subjective evaluation, sample introduction However, due to limited time and resources,
Trang 815 the author uses a convenient sampling method, which means selecting objects
that are accessible in representative communes in four provinces (Thai Binh,
Ninh Binh, Ha Noi, Quang Ninh) in the Red River Delta, different from the
above-interviewed communes for the purpose of obtaining a wide range of
respondents and other respondents survey questionnaire
3.2.3 Methods of information analysis
a Qualitative analysis method
Data collected from the interviews are coded into topics, the
concepts are repeated many times until saturation to discover and
supplement observation variables following theoretical models and
practical conditions
Based on a reference to the scale of people's participation in
previous studies combined with the use of qualitative research methods
in-depth interviews on the status of participation of rural residents in
new rural construction In the Red River Delta, the thesis offers some
additional assessments on the scale of rural residents' participation in
new rural construction
b Quantitative analysis method
- Descriptive statistics
- Comparative statistics
- Test the quality of the scale
The survey model has 6 independent groups of factors measuring
the participation of rural residents with 24 observed variables, and 01
dependent factors measuring the results of new rural construction with 4
observed variables Cronbach's Alpha method is used to evaluate the
reliability of the scale, the results of running Cronbach's Alpha have 7
scales that ensure good quality with 28 characteristic variables
(Appendix 1), in which: Cronbach's Alpha value of the representative
variables are greater than 0.6 and less than 0.95 so the questions of the
scale do not have duplication in measurement, proving that these scales
are of good quality
- Analysis of discovery factors
Through Cronbach’s Alpha test analysis, the model has 7 quality
16
Table 3.5: Typical variables and good quality scales
of the scale
Source: author calculations on SPSS
Based on the results of testing this scale, the author continues to use SPSS performing the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) analysis Cronbach's Alpha test Results No variables were eliminated, the model also had 6 quality scales with 24 characteristic variables included in the EFA test to measure 6 elements The author evaluators The suitability of the model with the actual data through the KMO test
In the first EFA run, the extracted variance value was 70.5% and
8 factors had Eigenvalue ≥ 1, KMO = 0.668, Sig = 0.000 <0.05 so the observed variables are linearly correlated with the factor face However,
at a rotating matrix table during the first EFA run, there are three observations as VC3, VC4, SK5 does not guarantee the discrimination (Measured in 2 factors and does not guarantee a difference in the load factor from 0.3 or higher), so these 3 variables must be removed (Appendix 2)
The second EFA run (after eliminating 3 observed variables VC3, VC4, SK5), KMO = 0.680 (Table 3.5), there are 7 factors extracted at Eigenvalue is 1,071 and the total variance extracted is 69,536% Thus, KMO satisfies the condition that 0.5 <KMO <1 means that the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) method is suitable for real data In particular, 69,536% of the change of factors is explained by the observed variables in the model (Appendix 3), Sig = 0.000 <0.05 so the observed variables are linearly correlated with the representative factor (Table 3.6)
Trang 917 Thus, the results of the discovery factor analysis show that the
observations in the first 6 factors have converged in 7 factors and the
characteristic variables have factor load coefficient in the range of 0.685
- 0.856 (Appendix 4) (Satisfying the condition that the selected value
should be greater than 0.3 with the sample size> 350) (Dinh Phi Ho,
2011)
Factors from 1 to 5 are not disturbed, so they retain their names as in
the original model are YK, VC, TN, SK, and GS
Factor 7 named "rural residents involved in creating landscape
and environmental sanitation activities" (MT), which is an MT3
observation, MT4
Particularly factor 6 is a new factor with 02 observations from the
variable "rural residents involved in creating landscape and
environmental sanitation activities" in the environmental criteria in new
rural construction The author named this factor "safe in production and
processing of agricultural products; food safety, etc” (AT) includes
observation of MT1, MT2
Through a quality inspection and analysis of the discovery factor,
the author identified 7 scales representing the participation of rural
residents, and 1 scale representing the new rural construction results
with a total of 25 specific variables are summarized in Table 3.7
Re-testing Cronbach’s Alpha of the new 7 factors results in a
value greater than 0.6, so the scale is evaluated with good quality,
meaning that the new factors ensure the reliability of the scale
(Appendix 5)
Thus, the results of the second-factor analysis, there are 7 factors
achieving convergence and discriminant values with high load
coefficients (in the range of 0.618 - 0.883) satisfying the condition that the
load coefficient must be greater than 0.5 (Appendix 4)
- Regression analysis
18
To identify the relationship between the participation of rural residents and the results of new rural construction, the overall correlation model has the form:
KQ = f (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7)
In which KQ is a dependent variable; F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7: Independent variables
Considering the relationship between the independent variable from F1 to F7 and the dependent variable (results of new rural construction), the author performed by linear regression equation:
KQ = b0 + b1F1 + b2F2 + b3F3 + b4F4 + b5F5 + b6F6 + b7F7 + ei
In particular, variables put into in regression analysis are determined by calculating the factor Scores
For independent variables, SPSS is available in Data View when analyzing the second discovery factor (after eliminating bad variables), resulting in the data view in the interface as Appendix 6, in which: FAC1_1 is F1, FAC2_1 is F2, FAC3_1 is F3, FAC4_1 is F4, FAC5_1 is F5, FAC6_1 is F6, FAC7_1 is F7 was calculated according to the factor score calculation
For the dependent variable KQ, the author also calculates the score by calculating the factor score and gets the dependent variable result in the data view interface as in Appendix 7, in which: FAC1_2 is the KQ that has been calculated by the factor score calculation Perform multivariate regression analysis in SPSS to test the relationship between the participation of rural residents and the results
of new rural construction in the Red River Delta Region
CHAPTER 4: THE STATUS OF PARTICIPATION OF RURAL RESIDENTS OF THE RED RIVER DELTA IN NEW
RURAL CONSTRUCTION 4.1 The situation of new rural construction in the Red River Delta Region
Trang 104.2.1 The status of the participation method of rural residents of
the Red River Delta Region
4.2.2 The status of participation method of rural residents at the
survey points
4.3 The status of participation in the implementation of the
new rural construction criteria of rural residents of the Red River
delta (participation content)
4.3.1 Rural residents participate in the implementation of new
rural planning criteria
4.3.2 Rural residents participate in the implementation of criteria
for socio-economic infrastructure
4.3.3 Rural residents participate in the implementation of
economic criteria and production organization
4.3.4 Rural residents participate in the implementation of criteria
for landscape, environment, and production safety
4.4 The relationship between the involvement of rural
residents with new rural construction results
From the actual study of the participation of rural residents in the
new rural construction and the results of running the regression model in
the variance analysis table, the value F = 20,430 with Sig = 0.000 <0.01
demonstrates the given model is consistent with the actual data and the
square R of the overall is different from zero, the participation variables
of rural residents in the Red River Delta in new rural construction
positively affecting the variable results of new rural construction (table
4.13) According to the regression analysis in Table 4.13, the
participation variables of rural residents in the Red River Delta are
linearly correlated with the variable results of new rural construction,
and the 99% confidence level
The test results of independent variables on the participation of
rural residents in the Red River delta in new rural construction with
20 independent variables of rural population participation are comment (F1), livelihood improvement (F4), monitoring (F5), (implementation of safety regulations in production, processing) Agricultural variables (F6), landscape creation, and sanitation (F7) have Sig less than 0.01, so these variables are significantly correlated with the dependent variable
of new rural construction results and reliability 99%; independent variables that contribute to rural material (F2), rural residents receiving information (F3) have Sig less than 0.05, so these variables are significantly correlated with Depend on the results of new rural construction and 95% confidence (Table 4.16)
The relationship of the independent variables of rural residents' participation in the Red River Delta with the dependent variable of new rural construction results is explained in detail as follows:
+ Variable F1: has a coefficient 0.180, positively related to the variable KQ This means that when the participation of rural residents in the
"contribute their opinions (YK)" method increases by 1 point, the "new rural construction results" increase by 0.180 points
+ Variable F2: has a coefficient 0.139, is positively related to the variable KQ This means that when the participation of rural residents in the mode of "contribute to material in new rural construction (VC)" is increased
by 1 point, the "new rural construction results" increases 0.139 points + Variable F3: has a coefficient of 0.087, positively related to the variable KQ This means that when the rural residents' participation in the method of "receiving information on new rural construction (TN)" increases by 1 point, the "new rural construction results" increase 0.087 points
+ Variable F4: has a coefficient 0.194, positively related to the variable KQ This means that when the participation of rural residents in the mode of "participation in livelihood improvement in new rural construction (SK)" is increased by 1 point, the "new rural construction