A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Annigeri, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during rabi season of 2015-16 under rainfed condition to study the effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) practices on nutrients uptake by safflower and nutrients status in Vertisol Soil in safflower crop.
Trang 1Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.604.062
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) practices on Nutrients
Uptake by Safflower and Nutrients status in Vertisol Soil Ripan Chandra Das 1 *, G Somanagouda 2 and Bheiru Singh 1
1
Research Fellow, Department of Agronomy, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka-580005, India 2
Department of Agronomy, ARS, Annigari, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka-580005, India
*Corresponding author
A B S T R A C T
Introduction
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is one of
the oldest crops cultivated for its edible seed
oil and is known for drought tolerance due to
its partially xerophytic, spiny nature and deep
root system As this crop is mainly cultivated
under rainfed conditions during post-rainy
season on receding soil moisture, inadequate
supply of both water and nutrients affect
nutrient uptake
Application of limited quantity of nutrients
(NPK) only through chemical fertilizer
creates multiple-nutrients deficiencies in the
soil which is considered as one of reason for
limiting the crop production (Tiwari et al.,
2002) Hence, there is need to be improved the soil fertility for better yield Thus, soil fertility as well as crop production can be improved by application of nutrients through organic sources and/or integration of different organic sources of nutrients (Reddy 2005,
Akbari et al., 2011; Basak et al., 2012)
Nutrients are very much essential for growth and development of safflower and these deficiency leads to decrease the crop yield Therefore, it is necessary to know the uptake
of nutrients by crop and nutrients status in vertisol soil Thus, this research was conducted with the objective of to study the effect of integrated nutrient management
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 4 (2017) pp 512-522
Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com
A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Annigeri,
University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during rabi season of 2015-16
under rainfed condition to study the effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) practices on nutrients uptake by safflower and nutrients status in Vertisol
Soil in safflower crop Results indicated that among the different INM
combinations tested, application of RDF (40:40:12 kg ha-1 NPK) + 2.0 t ha-1
Vermicompost + Azospirillum + PSB + ZnSO4 @ 10.0 kg ha-1 (T 10 ) recorded significantly highest nutrient content and uptake of nitrogen (33.75 and 36.70 Kg
ha-1) phosphorus (8.72 and 15.67 Kg ha-1) and potassium (20.72 and 34.97 Kg ha-1)
at 60 DAS and at harvest respectively The available nutrients content of N, P 2 O 5
and K 2 O in soil at harvest were also recorded significantly higher in treatment T 10
(application of RDF (40:40:12 kg ha-1 NPK) + 2.0 t ha-1 Vermicompost +
Azospirillum + PSB + ZnSO4 @ 10.0 kg ha-1)
K e y w o r d s
Safflower,
Integrated nutrient
management,
Nutrient uptake
and soil status,
Vermicompost,
Azospirillum and
PSB
Accepted:
06 March 2017
Available Online:
10 April 2017
Article Info
Trang 2(INM) practices on nutrients uptake by
safflower and nutrients status in vertisol soil
Materials and Methods
A field experiment was conducted at the
Agricultural Research Station, Annigeri,
University of Agricultural Sciences,
Dharwad, during rabi season of 2015-16 The
experiment was laid out in a randomized
complete block design (RCBD) with three
replications and ten treatments comprising, T1
- RDF (40:40:12 kg ha-1 NPK) + FYM (5.0 t
ha-1), T2 - RDF (40:40:12 kg ha-1 NPK) alone,
T3 - 50% RDF + 1.0 t ha-1 Vermicompost +
Azospirillum + PSB, T4 - RDF + 1.0 t ha-1
Vermicompost + Azospirillum + PSB, T5 -
50% RDF + 2.0 t ha-1 Vermicompost +
Azospirillum + PSB, T6 - RDF + 2.0 t ha-1
Vermicompost + Azospirillum + PSB, T7 -
50% RDF + 1.0 t ha-1 Vermicompost +
Azospirillum + PSB + ZnSO4 10.0 kg ha-1 T8 -
RDF + 1.0 t ha-1 Vermicompost +
Azospirillum + PSB + ZnSO4 @ 10.0 kg ha-1,
T9 - 50% RDF + 2.0 t ha-1 Vermicompost +
Azospirillum + PSB + ZnSO4 @ 10.0 kg ha-1
and T10- RDF + 2.0 t ha-1 Vermicompost +
Azospirillum + PSB + ZnSO4 @ 10.0 kg ha-1
The soil of the experimental field was clayey
in texture and soil in low, low and high rating
for available nitrogen (224 kg N ha-1) (Kjeldal
method), available phosphorus (20.86 kg P2O5
ha-1) (Olesen’s method) and available
potassium (342 kg K2O ha-1) (Flame
photometric method), respectively The soil
was found slightly alkaline (pH 7.95)
(Potentiometric method) with normal electric
conductivity Urea, single super phosphate,
muriate of potash and zinc sulphate as
chemical sources of nutrients, and FYM,
Vermicompost, Azospirillum, and PSB as
organic and biofertilizer sources were used in
different combinations to make 10 treatments
as mentioned above The chemical fertilizers
were applied as basal at the time of sowing
and for seed treatment the seeds of safflower
were coated with Azospirillum and PSB one
hour before sowing and they were air dried under shade whereas the organic manures were applied three weeks before sowing of safflower Safflower variety- Annigeri-1 was sown in the second week of October and harvested in the third week of February Rainfall received during 2015-16 was 507.20
mm which was 67.24 % lower than the long-term average of 754.90 mm During the crop growth period from October to February only
38 mm rainfall received in October month at the time of sowing Further, no rainfall was received during the crop growth period
Estimation of N, P and K uptake by crop
To estimate the uptake of N, P and K, samples were collected 60 DAS and at harvest for weeds and only at harvest for crop The samples were oven dried at 650 C and ground
in Willey mill to pass through two mm sieve The two mm sieved samples were used for the estimation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in crop and weeds
Nitrogen uptake by crop and weeds were determined by digesting the plant samples with suitable acid mixture of concentrated sulphuric acid The digested samples were distilled by Micro Kjeldahl method in an alkaline condition and titrated against standard acid Piper (2002) Phosphorus was estimated by Vanedomolybdate method in diacid mixture as detailed by Jackson (1973) The intensity of the colour developed was measured in a spectrophotometer, using blue filter Potassium content was estimated from
Photometer as described by Muhr et al.,
(1965) and was expressed as percentage K The nutrient content and dry weight were used to calculate the total uptake of nutrients (N P K) and expressed in kg ha-1
Trang 3Nutrient uptake (kg ha-1) =
Nutrient content (%)
X Dry weight (kg ha-1)
100
The soil samples were collected (0-30 cm
depth) after harvest of safflower from each
plot and analysed for available N 0.32%
method), available P2O5 0.5 M NaHCO3
extractable at pH 8.5 (Olesen’s method) and
K2O Neutral normal ammonium acetate
extractable (Flame photometric method)
Results and Discussion
Nutrients (NPK) uptake by crop
Nutrient (N, P and K) uptake by crop varied
significantly among various nutrients
management treatments at 60 DAS and at
harvest (Table 1)
Results indicated that among the different
INM combinations tested, application of RDF
(40:40:12 kg ha-1 NPK) + 2.0 t ha-1
Vermicompost + Azospirillum + PSB +
ZnSO4@ 10.0 kg ha-1 (T10) recorded
significantly highest nutrient content and
uptake of nitrogen (33.75 and 36.70 Kg ha-1)
phosphorus (8.72 and 15.67 Kg ha-1) and
potassium (20.72 and 34.97 Kg ha-1) at 60
DAS and at harvest respectively, but
integrated nutrients management treatments
T6, T7, T8 and T9 found to be at par with T10.
Significantly higher uptake of nitrogen,
phosphorus and potassium by safflower in
these treatments might be due to integrated
source of nutrients helped in better
translocation of nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium from soil to plant and its release
from organic amendments over a longer
period of time
Thus, direct as well as residual effect of manures and chemical fertilizer helped in uptake of nutrients The results are in
conformity with findings of Bharadwaj et al., (2008) and Raju et al., (2013) In addition to
above, Vermicompost also may be enhanced soil moisture retention and its supply during the crop growth, which in turn improved nutrient uptake by the crop
Nutrients (NPK) status in soil
The soil available N, P2O5 and K2O were significantly influenced due to different integrated treatments after harvesting of safflower are presented in Table 2 Results indicated that among the different INM combinations tested, application of RDF (40:40:12 kg ha-1 NPK) + 2.0 t ha-1
Vermicompost + Azospirillum + PSB +
ZnSO4@ 10.0 kg ha-1 (T10) recorded significantly highest values of soil available N (229.60 kg ha-1), P2O5 (25.29 kg ha-1) and
K2O (320.42 kg ha-1), but integrated nutrients management treatments T6, T7, T8 and T9
found to be at par with T10 Similar beneficial effects of organic sources as well as integration of different sources of nutrients on
soil fertility were also recorded by Akbari et
al., (2011), Basak et al., (2012) and Tamboli
et al., (2014)
Conclusion based on results of the field experimentation, its seems logical to conclude that profitable, potential and effective nutrient management in safflower by integrated
nutrients management practices can be
achieved by application of RDF (40:40:12 kg
ha-1 NPK) + 2.0 t ha-1 Vermicompost +
Azospirillum + PSB + ZnSO4@ 10.0 kg ha-1
Trang 4Table.1 Nitrogen, phosphorus and potash content (%) and uptake (kg ha-1) by safflower as influenced by INM treatments
Treatment
Nutrient content (%) Uptake (kg ha -1 ) Nutrient content (%) Uptake (kg ha -1 )
T
1 - RDF (40:40:12 kg ha-1 NPK) + FYM (5.0 t
ha-1)
T
T
3 - 50 % RDF + 1.0 t ha-1 VC + Azospirillum +
PSB
T
4 - RDF + 1.0 t ha-1 VC + Azospirillum + PSB 0.59 0.11 0.39 21.37 4.00 14.07 0.72 0.26 0.68 25.94 9.52 24.67 T
5 - 50 % RDF + 2.0 t ha-1 VC + Azospirillum +
PSB
T
6 - RDF + 2.0 t ha-1 VC + Azospirillum + PSB 0.69 0.15 0.43 27.35 5.87 17.08 0.79 0.32 0.75 31.38 12.63 29.61 T
7 - 50 % RDF + 1.0 t ha-1 VC + Azospirillum +
PSB + ZnSO4 10.0 kg ha-1
T
8 - RDF + 1.0 t ha-1 VC + Azospirillum + PSB
+ ZnSO4 10.0 kg ha-1
T
9 - 50 % RDF + 2.0 t ha-1 VC + Azospirillum +
PSB + ZnSO4 10.0 kg ha-1
T
10 - RDF + 2.0 t ha-1 VC + Azospirillum + PSB
+ ZnSO4 10.0 kg ha-1
Trang 5Table.2 Effect of INM on available nutrient (N, P2O5 and K2O) as influenced by different
treatments at harvest of safflower
Treatments Available N (kg/ha) Available P 2 O 5
(kg/ha)
Available K 2 O (kg/ha)
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How to cite this article:
Ripan Chandra Das, G Somanagouda and Bheiru Singh 2017 Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) practices on Nutrients Uptake by Safflower and Nutrients status in Vertisol
Soil Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci 6(4): 512-522
doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.604.062