A study on an automobile revolution and future of electric cars in India

The paper successfully introduced aspects of electric vehicles, including studies of government policies, charging methods, key techniques, charging effects and solutions to related problems in a concise manner.

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijm/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=11&IType=3

Journal Impact Factor (2020): 10.1471 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

ISSN Print: 0976-6502 and ISSN Online: 0976-6510

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

A STUDY ON AN AUTOMOBILE REVOLUTION AND FUTURE OF ELECTRIC CARS IN INDIA

Dr Anoop Pandey

Associate Professor, Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Management & Research (BVIMR),

New Delhi, India

Dr Sanjay Manocha

Assistant Professor, Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Management & Research (BVIMR),

New Delhi, India

Dr Pankaj Saini

Assistant Professor, Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Management & Research (BVIMR),

New Delhi, India

ABSTRACT

The introduction of electric vehicles marks the beginning of the end for conventional motor vehicles The main reasons for switching to electric vehicles are the need to reduce polluting emissions from engines and dependence on expensive fuels By the end of 2016, the global inventory of electric vehicles had exceeded two million The increasing acceptance of electric vehicles is the result of several factors: technological progress, increase in storage capacity of traction batteries in connection with lower costs, increase in public and government charging equipment Incentives The two EV technologies that are currently at the forefront are battery electric vehicles (BEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) This document gives an overview of the different EV technologies, their characteristics, their limits and their challenges in their mass use as a replacement for conventional vehicles

In this new era, electric vehicles have attracted considerable attention as an ecological means of transport by sellers, buyers and researchers, which has led to a series of intensive and in-depth studies There are many thoughts on battery consumption, infrastructure and charging points for electric vehicles This document takes into account the obstacles and the gains that the world will experience after the complete arrival of electric vehicles The paper successfully introduced aspects of electric vehicles, including studies of government policies, charging methods, key techniques, charging effects and solutions to related problems in a concise manner In view of the discussions on the current scenario of electric vehicles, a brief report on the important facts concerning the entry of electric vehicles has been created

Keywords: Plug in Electric Vehicle (PEV), Battery Electrical Vehicle (BEV),

Transformation, Pollution, Technology, FAME (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing

of Electric Vehicles) etc

Cite this Article: Dr Anoop Pandey, Dr Sanjay Manocha and Dr Pankaj Saini,

A Study on an Automobile Revolution and Future of Electric cars in India,

International Journal of Management (IJM), 11 (3), 2020, pp 107–113

http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=11&IType=3

1 INTRODUCTION

An emerging middle class in a country like India is causing a strong demand for passenger cars and, therefore, also for oil It is estimated that in 2050, there will be up to 1.5 billion cars

in circulation, compared to 750 million in 2010 This type of demand creates a challenge and

an opportunity to think of new automotive technologies that do not consume oil and precious resources It can also help us achieve significant economic development Oil, which is a limited resource, must be replaced by another source of fuel for transport, namely

"electricity", which would be a smart investment when electric vehicles arrive New job opportunities will open up and dependence on foreign oil will decrease When consumers buy cars, they take into account various attributes, such as performance, aesthetics and reliability Therefore, cost alone cannot determine consumer choice Policymakers and consumers are paying attention to electric vehicles due to a number of factors, including the introduction of attractive electric vehicle models and guidelines from national and local governments to promote electric vehicles However, there is still a need to remove technical, infrastructural, trade and political barriers The current scenario for the electric vehicle market is very limited

in India Despite the different types of E2W (scooters and bikes), E4W (electric cars) and electric buses, the total proportion of electric vehicles is very low

Although some Indian companies launched two-wheeled tricycles and electric vehicles in the 1990s, they failed and could not last long India is rapidly heading towards a terrible future, the Indian government is now competing for fully electric cars by 2030 India's energy import bill is expected to double from around 150 billion dollars to $ 300 billion by 2030 To reduce energy imports from India, we therefore need to move to Evs The increase in sales of electric vehicles will lead to an increase in demand for electricity, in particular renewable energy, which will lead to an adequate solution to the intermittent problems linked to renewable energies

It should be noted that electric vehicles have already reached urban traffic, in particular two- and three-wheeled vehicles, and this is one of the main assets of the electric vehicle market Wheeler in this area is important Cost competitiveness and convenience for drivers play an important role in the penetration of electric vehicles Tricycle manufacturers have already found ways to manage locally produced batteries Cities facing the greatest challenge

of providing cleaner air and access to transportation may consider the introduction of Evs

It is obvious that a significant part of the electric vehicle environment needs to be created

at national level, but cities can also play an essential role in the transition to electric vehicles Although the electric vehicle market is still in the early stages of development, it is ready to rethink industries and communities around the world Let's analyze the potential gains and other consequences of electric vehicles so that economic developers can examine the development of this market and its importance

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

“Electric Vehicles Scenarios and a Roadmap for India’’ by Shukla P.R, Pathak Minal

This study aims to raise awareness of the environmental impact of human activities and to propose measures to reduce harmful emissions to the environment (including CO2) from road transport vehicles and national production capacities for the manufacture of electric vehicles

on a national level To improve in several Indian cities (mainly in big cities), electric vehicles have already started to penetrate and penetrate the automobile market Given the established automotive industry in India, it can be said that the expected growth in this form of transportation industry is likely to increase and the recently developed interest in electric vehicles India has an excellent opportunity to create and develop the domestic electric vehicle industry and It can be a world leader in electric vehicle manufacturing and be in the market This report is an attempt to analyze the current electric vehicle landscape in the country, the latest developments and updates from developments in the global electric vehicle markets, as well as emerging technologies and research on electric vehicles This report also analyses future scenarios for passenger transport possibilities in India, focusing on the roles of electric vehicles

“Will Electric Cars Transform the U.S Market?” By Henry Lee, Grant Lavallette

This report is a fundamental analysis of the main determinants that could significantly affect the American automotive industry UU And how electric vehicles could slowly overtake the number of fossil fuel vehicles This document explains how things have been going on for a long time and how the US government works UU It has issued guidelines and taxes to reduce imports of foreign oil, minimize its consumption, and also promote environmental well-being For example, it is mentioned that the Obama administration has pursued the goal

of having at least one million electric vehicles on the streets of the United States by 2015 However, others have proposed a medium-term goal which would consist of electric motor vehicles By 2030, at least 20% of the total vehicle fleet will constitute around 30 million vehicles with electric motors This document seeks to answer questions about the costs involved in developing the said market, the willingness of people to buy this technology, the availability of adequate infrastructure, essential for the smooth operation throughout the country, and the possibility of reaching the destination of an electric vehicle within a specified time

The findings from the research paper “Creating the clean energy economy: Analysis of the electric vehicle industry” By Jennifer Todd, Jess Chen and Frankle Clogstan, they

suggest that electric vehicles have the potential to reduce or at least moderate the growth in utility costs, which increases overall demand for electricity This may not seem intuitive Electric vehicles will reduce utility costs due to the continuous variation in electricity consumption Electric vehicles are billed overnight and electricity production is cheaper today Electric vehicles balance electricity needs between day and night, then reduce average electricity costs As a result, general tariffs fall Since conventional cars use gas as fuel and electric vehicles run on electricity, future prices of gas and electricity can have a significant impact on the profitability of electric vehicles Studies agree that gas prices will certainly increase in the long term As the world's population increases, especially in developing countries, the demand for cars will increase, which will lead to a larger increase in demand for gas Although electricity prices are subject to different market factors, they can also increase

In fact, the price of fuel is an important advantage of electric vehicles, and therefore higher electricity costs can increase the life cycle costs of electric vehicles and make them less competitive

We also review the research work of Vinod Kumar and Shriram Kaushik "Towards a future only for electric vehicles" and we discover that India has a thriving automotive

industry that serves local and global markets, especially small cars More than 19 million people, representing 5% of the Indian workforce, are employed in this sector, which mainly focuses on internal combustion engines Affordability will be beneficial in India, particularly

in the small car segment The lower registration tax, vehicle tax and even lower GST rates in the early years would greatly contribute to the introduction India's well-established position

in two-wheelers, compact cars, light commercial vehicles and buses is a natural advantage, as these are the segments most likely to cater for a large proportion of electric vehicles Thanks

to significant efforts from all concerned, India can aspire to become a major global center for electric vehicles

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this study, an extensive method is used to take into account all relevant questions related to electric vehicles This method examines the suitability and mobility of electric vehicles in people's daily lives Users were questioned and a valid conclusion was drawn on the reception

of electric vehicles and their impact on the general daily market The required information was also collected from previously published research This has helped us to reflect on the gaps that have not yet been filled This article follows a sequential survey that talks about the past, present and future aspects of electric vehicles around the world, especially in India

4 CONCEPTUAL DISCUSSION/DATA ANALYSIS

We must remedy these significant drawbacks by taking into account the widespread use of electric vehicles

4.1 Build a Wider Network of Freight Infrastructures

When we talk about charging infrastructure, especially public charging stations, big investments are needed Private investors are less willing to make such investments until the demand for these vehicles increases considerably On the other hand, consumers are also reluctant to buy Plug in Electric Vehicle (PEV) unless they know they can find an appropriate charging station

4.2 Reduce the Cost of the Plug in Electric Vehicle (PEV)

The PEV is undoubtedly in competition with conventional vehicles The economy of PEV is already much higher than that of comparable combustion vehicles Currently, PEVs have an elegant price tag that can prevent potential PEV owners from switching from conventional vehicles However, it is estimated that the total cost of ownership will decrease over time Economies of scale and R&D will be the main drivers of the costs of the PEV

Figure1: Price analysis with respect to charging time and driving range for Indian and Global models

Figure 1

4.3 Strategy

We must consider demand and supply strategies individually to reduce costs Reducing the cost of purchasing a PEV can be achieved through a demand-driven strategy The growth of the PEV market could be hampered by demand By reducing the purchase price, we can effectively increase demand Supply strategies can be used to improve the product or reduce the manufacturing cost of PEV Advances in battery technology can be useful if consumers are disconnected due to the limitation of the PEV range When the production cost is lowered

by innovation, then the created savings can be passed on to the consumer In this way,

supply-side strategies indirectly play the role of demand supply-side strategies

5 IMPORTANCE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE ADOPTION IN INDIA

1 1 Due to the growing pollution problem, the Indian government has promoted several alternative mobility solutions in which electric vehicles are most important Indeed, they use electricity as fuel and not as fossil fuel free and therefore have the key to the growing problem

of air pollution in India

2 2 Owning and maintaining electric vehicles is easier and less expensive in the long term A battery electric vehicle (BEV) contains fewer components than a conventional petrol / diesel car, which makes the maintenance and upkeep of electric vehicles much cheaper than in petrol and diesel powered vehicles

3 3 Since electric vehicles do not have an internal combustion engine and contain fewer components, they produce no noise like conventional vehicles As a result, it helps reduce noise pollution, especially in overcrowded urban areas An additional advantage of electric vehicles is that they offer a much quieter ride with greater acceleration compared to fossil fuel cars

Every Technology comes with its Pros and Cons Therefore, let’s have a look at the other side of the coin

1 Depending on the capacity of the battery and the motors, charging the Evs can take between

30 minutes (with a quick charge) and 24 hours If the vehicle is to be fully charged, it will take approximately six hours

2 Currently, the battery used in electric vehicles has a lifespan of only 2 to 10 years, depending

on the make and model The shorter battery life is an obstacle that further affects the performance of electric cars Another important problem is an insufficient supply of raw materials, which increases the cost of batteries

5.1 Initiatives of Government

India is taking initiatives to build a sustainable ecosystem of electric vehicles in its existing automotive industry The Government Department of Heavy Industry, the Office of Indian Standards and the Automotive Research Association of India, have come together and are working to establish various technical standards for the design and manufacture of electric vehicles and power supplies (EVSE) or charging stations and adequate infrastructure Also in India, initiatives such as the National Mission Plan for Electric Mobility (NEMMP) are funded by the relevant ministries, which (FAME India) is also helping to accelerate the introduction and manufacture of hybrid and electric vehicles in the India to work towards more environmentally friendly driving These are concerted efforts to create a successful market for electric vehicles The acquisition of more than 500 electric buses by several state transport companies demonstrates India's commitment to achieving the goal of a clean fuel transport system

The Indian electric vehicle market is expected to grow with a constant CAGR of more than 37% in fiscal year 2018-2023 This type of strong market growth is expected based on an increasing number of government initiatives, such as incentive programs, to promote the introduction of green vehicles, and this could easily be done with electric vehicles The growing consumer propensity for the introduction of electric vehicles and the growing concern of citizens regarding the harmful effects of air pollution on existing vehicles running

on fossil fuels, as well as the huge investments of several known car manufacturers in the development of more affordable and high quality electric vehicles in the vehicle segments in the coming years

6 FINDINGS

The main disadvantages of the introduction and production of electric vehicles have been assessed Current situation and suggestions for improvising infrastructures for electric vehicles The price comparison is examined in terms of autonomy and charging time at different prices If you observe each market of a different nature and, therefore, it requires a different strategy It highlights the initiatives that the government has taken specifically to promote and launch electric vehicles

7 CONCLUSION

This document provides an overview of the electric vehicle industry and the potential, it will have in the future Over the years, it has been observed that sales of electric vehicles have increased over the years with the latest data Electric vehicle sales in India increased by approximately 37.5% to 22,000 units during the year (March 31, 2015) According to the industry expert group known as the Society of Electric Vehicle Manufacturers (SMEV) Also

of this data, only 2,000 units were four-wheeled vehicles that were sold The panel said the industry sold 16,000 units in 2014-15 However, with these numbers and levels of city sales, India is miles away and has a long way to go to reach its goal of selling 6 million electric vehicles by 2020 This vision has been formulated by the Indian government through insiders and projects in the NEMMP (National Electric Mobility Mission Plan) 2020 and FAME (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles)

REFERENCES

[1] Shukla P.R, Pathak Minal “Electric Vehicles Scenarios and a Roadmap for India’’

[2] Henry Lee, Grant Lovellette “Will Electric Cars Transform the U.S Market?”

[3] Jennifer Todd, Jess Chen and Frankle Clogstan “Creating the clean energy economy:

Analysis of the electric vehicle industry”

[4] Vinod Kumar and Sriram Kaushik “Towards an electric vehicles only future”

[5] M Daniel Pradeep, S Jebarani Evangeline, A Review of PFC Boost Converters for

Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery Chargers, International Journal of Electrical Engineering

and Technology, 4 (1) (2013), pp 144-158

[6] Laxmi Narasimha Rao Yalavarthi and Dr Ravindranath Gurram, Modeling, Analysis and

ANFIS Control for DTC-SVM of Induction Motor of an Electric Vehicle using Electrical

Differential, International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology, 10(2), 2019,

pp 57-68

[7] Ankit Kumar, S K Choudhary and Chethan K N, Commercial Viability of Electric

Vehicles in India, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 9(6),

2018, pp 730–745

[8] www.eai.in/ref/reports/India-electric-vehicles-expert-guide

[9] https://economictimes.indiatimes.com

[10] https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.iedconline.org/cl

ientuploads/Downloads/edrp/IEDC_Electric_Vehicle_Industry.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwj-zJWWwdXdAhULeisKHUPPBD0QFjABegQIBxAB&usg=AOvVaw1TaMqe3RYeqBG2 XycUta_J

[11] https://www.innovasjonnorge.no/contentassets

[12]

https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/b0zdGcvIz0TsqpvijRanQL/Towards-an-electric-

vehicles-only-future.html?facet=amp&utm_source=googleamp&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign

=googleamp