A study on women empowerment in the participation of activities with reference to Y.S.R (Kadapa) District, Andhra Pradesh

This research paper examines how economic, social, personal, decision making and political empowerment of women effected by Bank linkage program.

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A STUDY ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN THE PARTICIPATION OF ACTIVITIES WITH REFERENCE TO Y.S.R (KADAPA) DISTRICT,

ANDHRA PRADESH

K Venkata Subbaiah

Research Scholar, Department of Economics, V.S.U P.G Centre, Kavali &Lecturer in

Economics, SKR & SKR Govt College for Women(A), Kadapa, India

Dr P Srinivas

Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, V.S.U P.G Centre, Kavali, India

ABSTRACT:

Women empowerment through micro financial facility is one of the best tools to empower the rural people Today majority of the state government’s focusing on empowerment of women in the country Microfinance program listed as a successful program to distribute wealth in the country for poor women This research paper examines how economic, social, personal, decision making and political empowerment of women effected by Bank linkage program The data was gathered by personal interviews and observations To test the hypothesis one way ANOVA test had conducted

Key Words: Women, Empowerment, Micro Finance, SHG’s

Cite this Article: K Venkata Subbaiah and Dr P Srinivas, A Study on Women

Empowerment in the Participation of Activities with Reference to Y.S.R (Kadapa)

District, Andhra Pradesh, International Journal of Management (IJM), 11 (2), 2020,

pp 181–190

http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=11&IType=2

1 INTRODUCTION

Today in India governments have been focusing on removal of poverty in rural areas by introducing SBLP in their areas The SGH programs broadly practicing for developments, removal of poverty and women empowerments in their respective villages Today SHGs have been using for social development of women The concept of this program is to increase self reliance and providing good life in the society It focuses on increase the voice of women and building women organizations to overcome the bad evils in the society Today these programs have been using for increase leadership skills among women, to promote entrepreneurship and

Bangladesh is the first nation who introduced SHG’s This program had given good result

in their country to removal of poverty NABARD Carried out an extensive research study in India and their research had given great results in terms of saving patterns, repayment of loans

of women The results encouraged the financial institutions like RBI, commercial banks for developing the women NABARD had taken initiation to link SHG with banks in the year 1991-992 thus microfinance program came into the country to develop the rural women The basic objective of Introducing SHG in India is to empower the women economically and socially Economic Empowerment means instill the habit of savings, to overcome small financial crisis in their families and to take financial decisions to generate income, to spend expenditure and to repayment of loans Social empowerment means make them self-confidence, improving the social status in the family and in the society, getting decision making priorities from the family and from the society Skills development, building capacity

to interacting with peoples and increasing educational qualifications etc personal empowerment means increasing confidence levels, freedom to move , freedom to speak among family members, involvement in the societal programs, attending training programs organized by government Political empowerment means freedom to participate in elections, voting decision, raising voices in gram sambas etc in this regard this study is essential to examine the women empowerment in select area of kadapa district

2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Tanmoyee banerjee (2012) made a study on SHGs She conducted her study on 26 shg who

were self-employees In her study she witnessed that their income level was increased after joined in SHGs In her study she identified that forming as group and conducting business given empowerment and employment for them further she concluded in her study that training

is critical for them to increase their empowerment

Vijaya laxmi, gowda, jamuna ray & suggen (2012) had a study on women

empowerment they concluded in their study that the women would be empowered when she got training on both off the job and on the job, through follow up of mentors

Basudeb Bhattacharya (2016) made a study on managing finance for rural poor He had

opinioned that subsidies which were available under the Scheme should be utilized to support the growth of capacity building instead for consumption which has been largely neglected in the SGSY program Subsidies can also be used by SHGs to finance the formation of new groups that can benefit from the program

George k.v (2017) conducted a comparative research on SHG-bank linkage program and

financial inclusion in Chennai and Kerala states of India He had suggested that the repayment rates of loans to SHGs were high as compared with other types of lending by banks It was suggested that the banks should pay more attention to SHG lending which increases their business and number of customers

3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1) To observe Socio Economic Profile of the respondents in select SHG

2) To examine the Social, Economical, Personal, Decision Making and Political Development of SHG members in select SHG in Kadapa District

3) To assess the significant differences between Age of the respondents and Socio, Economic and Personal Development of the respondents

4) To offer Suggestions for the Development of the Members

4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

For conducting the research both primary and secondary data has used The study is descriptive and in nature The sample size for the study is 200 SHG members Random sampling method has used to gather the data The population for the study is select SHG’s in Y.S.R (Kadapa) district For conducting the survey 250 questionnaire had distributed among these only 204 was received for data consistency taken 200 members who properly filled data The data was gathered by personal interviews and observations To test the hypothesis one way ANOVA test had conducted

5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

 The study is conducted only on female members in select SHG’s in YSR kadapa district

 The sample size for the study is only 200 hence it is not applicable to total district

 The opinion of the respondents is completely their personal opinion

6 DATA ANALYSIS

Objective: 1 finding:

Table :-1 Age

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid

Age of the respondents: from the table one it has identified that 65% of the respondents

belongs to the age category of 18 to 39 category followed by 25% of the respondents belongs

to the age category of 40 to 49 categories and 10% of the respondents belongs to 50 and above age category

Table :2 Marital status

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid

Marital status of the respondents: from the study it has observed that 82% of the

respondents were married 15% if the respondents were un married and only 3% of the respondents were widows

Table-3 Community wise distribution of SHG Member

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid

Community wise distribution of SHG Member: From the table three it has identified

that 45% of the respondents belongs to OBC Category, followed by 25% percentage of the respondents belongs SC Category 17% of the respondents belong to ST category and general category is 13%

Table -4 : Occupation

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid

Occupation of SHG Member: from the table 4 it has evidenced that 37% of the

respondents are house wife’s, 24% of the respondents are working on agricultural followed by non agricultural labor 11%, petty business 10% 9 % of the respondents are self employees and only 10% of the respondents are unemployed

Table -5 Educational qualifications

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid

Educational qualifications of SHG: from the table five it recognized that majority

(45%) of the respondents had secondary education 25% of the respondents had higher

secondary education followed by 20% of the respondents had primary education, 7% of the respondents were graduates and only 3% of the respondents were illiterates

Objective Two findings:

Table -6: Economic development of the respondents

v1 SHG ‘s meeting their all economic

needs after becoming SHG member 81 62 57 0 0 4.12 0.82 78 v2 Getting loans from SHG 118 57 25 0 0 4.46 0.70 86.62 v3 Family members considering

spending loan amount 47 62 33 38 20 3.39 1.30 59.75 v4 Changes in savings after becoming

v5 Having capacity to Repayment of

loan in scheduled time 59 58 10 41 32 3.35 1.48 59

The table six shows the data on Economic development of the respondents It can be seen

from the table with regard to variable one 78% of the respondents accepted that SHG‘s meeting their all economic needs after becoming SHG member With regard to the variable two 86.62% of the respondents accepted that they have been getting loans from SHG With regard to the variable family members considering spending loan amount 59.75% of the respondents accepted the statement With regard to the variable four 66% of the respondents accepted that there is a change in savings after becoming SHG member With regard to the variable five 59% of the respondents accepted that they had the capacity to repayment of loan

in scheduled time

Table -7: Social development of the respondents

V6 Able to speak with public 64 111 15 5 5 4.12 0.84 78 V7 Increase my decision making skills 10 114 15 30 31 3.21 1.22 55.25 V8 Maintaining relationship with others 81 40 18 23 38 3.51 1.56 62.87 V9 I improved my communication 50 40 55 22 33 3.26 1.38 56.5 V10 No Discrimination in the society 56 50 15 39 40 3.21 1.52 55.37

The table seven shows the data on Economic development of the respondents It can be

seen that with regard to variable six 78% of the respondents accepted that they are able to speak with public With regard to the variable seven 55.25% of the respondents accepted that their decision making skills they have been increasing With regard to the variable eight 62.87% of members accepted that they have been Maintaining relationship with others members With regard to the variable nine 56.5% of the respondents accepted that they improved their communication skills With regard to the variable ten 55.37% of the respondents accepted that there is No Discrimination in the society

Table -8: Personal development

S.N

S

A

A

G

SW

A

D

A

SD

v11 increasing confidence levels 74 60 7 39 20 3.6

4

1.4

0

66.1

2

8

1.1

6 77 V13 freedom to speak among family

3.7

9

1.1

1

69.8

7 V14 involvement in the societal programs 66 53 39 28 14 3.6

4

1.2

6

66.1

2 V15 Attending training programs 66 49 9 40 36 3.3

4

1.5

4

58.6

2

The table eight shows the data on Personal development of the respondents It can be seen

that with regard to variable eleven 66.12% of the respondents accepted that they have been increasing confidence levels With regard to the variable twelve 77% of the respondents accepted that they have freedom to move With regard to the variable thirteen 69.87% of members accepted that they freedom to speak among family members With regard to the variable fourteen 66.12 % of the respondents accepted that they have been involving in the societal programs With regard to the variable fifteen 58.62% of the respondents accepted that they Attending training programs

Table -9: Decision making skills development

S.

S

A

A

G

SW

A

D

A

SD

A

M

s

S

D % V1

6

Able to take decision on education of children’s

after joined in SHG

5

3 96 20 19 12

3.

79

1.

11

69.

87 V1

7

Able to take decision on economic matters after

joined in SHG

8

1 40 18 23 38

3.

51

1.

56

62.

87 V1

8

Able to take decision on daily activities after joined

in SHG

9

6 60 20 12 12

4.

08

1.

16 77 V1

9

Able to take decision on children’s marriage after

joined in SHG

7

2 59 34 20 15

3.

76

1.

24

69.

12 V2

0

Able to take decision on income generation

activities after joined in SHG

7

2 74 11 29 14

3.

80

1.

26

70.

12

The table Nine shows the data on Decision making skills development of the respondents It can be seen that with regard to variable sixteen 69.87% of the respondents

accepted that they are able to take decision on education of children’s after joined in SHG With regard to the variable seventeen 62.87% of the respondents accepted that they are able to take decision on economic matters after joined in SHG With regard to the variable eighteen 77% of members accepted that they are able to take decisions on daily activities after joined

in SHG With regard to the variable Nineteen 69.12 % of the respondents accepted that they are Able to take decision on children’s marriage after joined in SHG With regard to the variable fifteen 70.12% of the respondents accepted that they are Able to take decision on income generation activities after joined in SHG

Table -10: Political development

v21 vote on our own decision 47 54 30 35 34 3.22 1.42 55.62 v22 have membership in political party 96 42 26 14 22 3.88 1.36 72 v23 interest to contest in election 42 42 21 42 53 2.89 1.52 47.25 v24 Have awareness on grama sabha 42 66 21 42 29 3.25 1.38 56.25 v25 Used to attended in grama sabha 42 66 21 42 29 3.25 1.38 56.25 v26 participated in decision making of

grama sabha 46 64 18 42 30 3.27 1.40 56.75

The table Ten shows the data on Political development of the respondents It can be seen

that with regard to variable twenty one 55.62% of the respondents accepted that they cast their vote on their own decision With regard to the variable 22, 72% of the respondents accepted that they have member ship in political party With regard to the variable twenty three 47.25%

of members accepted that they had interest to contest in election With regard to the variable twenty four 56.25 % of the respondents accepted that they have awareness on grama sabha With regard to the variable twenty five 56.25% of the respondents accepted that they used to attend in grama sabha With regard to the variable twenty six 56.75% of the respondents

accepted that they have been participating in decision making of grama sabha

Objective Three: hypothesis testing

Hypothesis H1: There is a significant difference between age of the respondents and economic development

Table 6.1-ANOVA

Sum of

From the observations it is evidenced from the table 6.1 that there is a significant difference between the age of the respondents and their economic development of the respondents All the five variables significantly strong with the above statement hence we accept hypothesis one statement

Hypothesis H 2 : There is a significant difference between age of the respondents and social

development

Table-7.1 ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

VAR000v6

VAR000v7

VAR000v8

VAR000v9

VAR000v10

From the observations it has evidenced from the table 7.1 that there is a significant difference between the age of the respondents and their social development All the variables are significant with age of the respondents except variable seven hence we accept hypothesis two statement

Hypothesis H 3 : There is a significant difference between age of the respondents and

personal development

Table 8.1-ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig

VAR00011

VAR00012

VAR00013

VAR00014

VAR00015

One way ANOVA

From the observations it is evidenced from the table 8.1 that only three variables (v11,v12, v14) are significant with age of the respondents remaining two variables (v13,v15) not significant with age of the respondents hence; they above said hypothesis somewhat accepted

7 SUGGESTIONS OF THE STUDY

After observing the data it is suggested that family members should co- operate with the respondents and they should give guidance to take decisions Majority of the members taking loans but their repayment capacity should be increase hence members of the Ngo , rural development officers and banking institution should train them on income generating activities Further it has suggested that Decision making skills of the members should increased, majority of the members unable to express their ideas in front of family members and with official proper training should be given on communication skills and women discrimination in the society has been reducing buy conducting social programs we can remove caste discriminations Further it is suggesting that political development of the members should be enhanced hence local political parties should motivate women’s to participate in election by giving chances to compete in elections

REFERENCES

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