MINISTRY OF EDUCATIONAND TRAINING MINISTRY OF AGRICULTUREAND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAMESE ACADEMY OF FOREST SCIENCES ================== NGUYEN THI BICH NGOC STUDY ON FORESTRY CHARACTERI
Trang 1MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF AGRICULTUREAND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
VIETNAMESE ACADEMY OF FOREST SCIENCES
==================
NGUYEN THI BICH NGOC
STUDY ON FORESTRY CHARACTERISTICS AND
TECHNICAL METHODS OF CULTIVATION OF
Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How IN SON LA AND DIEN
BIEN PROVINCES
Specialized: Silviculture Code: 9.62.02.05
SUMMARY OF THESIS PROGRESSION FORESTRY
Hanoi - 2020
Trang 2This work has been completed at the Vietnamese Academy of Forest
At the hour minute day month year 2020
The dissertation can be found at: National Library and Vietnam Library
of Forestry Science
Trang 3PUBLISHED SCIENTIFIC WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS
1 Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc (2017), Structural characteristics of natural forest place that Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How distribution
in Dien Bien and Son La, Journal of Forestry Science, Vietnamese
Academy of Forest Sciences, number 2, page 39-49.
2 Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc (2017), Testing the quality of seed germination Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How and the effect of light on baby seedling growth, Journal of Forestry Science,
Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, number 2, page 11-19.
Trang 41 The urgency of the subject
Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How is a large, valuable,
multi-purpose, high-value timber species and was included in the Vietnam Red List
2007, classified as EN-endangered, belonging to Group IIA in Decree06/2019/by the Government and VU subordinates of the IUCN internationalred list
Son La and Dien Bien are two mountainous provinces in the Northwest of
Vietnam On the topography of limestone mountains, Burretiodendron
hsienmu Chun et How is distributed naturally in large quantities Facing the
needs of socio-economic development, transportation construction, Son LaHydroelectricity, resettlement of people and especially illegal fishing, the
number of Burretiodendron hsienmu species has been impaired decline
However, in Vietnam in general and Son La, Dien Bien in particular, the
study Burretiodendron hsienmu is describing the morphology, distribution
and use, lack of in-depth studies on characteristics forestry as well as onpropagation and planting to provide solutions for recovery and development
From that fact, “Study on forestry characteristics and technical methods of cultivation of Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How in Son La and Dien Bien provinces” is necessary, with scientific and practical significance.
2 Objectives of the study
In theory: Identifying scientific bases to contribute to the conservation,
restoration and development of Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How in
Son La and Dien Bien provinces
About practice
- Identified some techniques for propagating Burretiodendron hsienmu
Chun et How from seeds and cuttings
- Identify planting and enrichment techniques of Burretiodendron
hsienmu Chun et How in Son La and Dien Bien provinces
3 Research object and location
- Subject of research: Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How.
Trang 5- Scope of the study: The thesis only studies in forest areas with
Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How, distributed naturally in the Dien
Bien and Son La
4 Research scope
Regarding the content: The thesis only studies:
(1) The forestry characteristics of the species Burretiodendron hsienmu
(including: Morphological, climatic, site, climatic, altitude, elevation,stratum, accompanying species characteristics, regeneration characteristics,composition, composition characteristics high tree structure); (2)
Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How propagation techniques from seeds
and cuttings; (3) Planting Burretiodendron hsienmu (including experiments: Fertilizers; Criteria of seedlings for planting; mixed rate with Chukrasia
tabularis)
Research location: (1) Study on forestry characteristics in Muong Giang
and Chieng Khoang Commune, Quynh Nhai District, Son La; Phong Laicommune, Thuan Chau district, Son La; Pu Nhung and Toa Tinh commune,Tuan Giao district, Dien Bien; (2) Seeds and cuttings are taken from naturalforests at the 5 points above In addition, cuttings were also taken from the 2-year-old mother plant was rejuvenated at the nursery of Tay Bac University,Son La; (3) Propagation is conducted at the Tay Bac University; (4) Trialmodels were conducted in Toa Tinh commune, Tuan Giao district, Dien Bienprovince and Muong Giang commune, Quynh Nhai district, Son La province
Research time: (1) Seed propagation studies were monitored until plants
were 12 months old; (2) The cuttings experiment was monitored for 30weeks/time (3) Planting experiments were monitored for 4 years; (4)Material research was conducted from January 2014 to August 2016
5 Scientific and practical meanings
Scientific significance: Contributing to supplementing information on
forestry characteristics and providing additional scientific arguments onpropagation and planting techniques to serve the conservation and
development of Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How
Trang 6Practical significance: The research results of the thesis have proposed a
number of feasible technical solutions in propagating from seeds, cuttings
and planting techniques of Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How in Son La
and Dien Bien provinces
6 New contributions of the thesis
(i) Supplementing some forestry characteristics of Burretiodendron
hsienmu Chun et How in Son La and Dien Bien provinces.
(ii) Initially identifying techniques for propagation and planting of
Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How in Son La and Dien Bien provinces.
7 Dissertation Layout:
The thesis consists of 136 pages with 37 pictures and 36 tables, including:Introduction (5 pages); Chapter 1: Overview of research issues (25 pages);Chapter 2: Content, materials and research methods (23 pages); Chapter 3:Research results and discussion (71 pages); Conclusion, existing andrecommendations (3 pages)
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ISSUES
1.1 Research situation in the world
Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How in Chinese called Xianmu (Wang
Xianpu, jin Xiaobai, Sun Chengyong (1986) In addition, Burretiodendron
hsienmu Chun et How is also used with many other synonymous scientific
names such as: Burretiodendron tonkinense (Gagnep.) Kosterm .;
Burretiodendron tonkinensis Kosterm; Excentrodendron hsienmu (Chun et
How) Chang et Mian; Pentace tonkinensis A Chev; ;
Li and Wang (1964): In China, Burretiodendron hsienmu appears in the
southwest of Guangxi Autonomous Region, extending west to southwesternYunnan province, in the middle of latitude 22°05' to 24°16' North latitudeand 105°00' to 108°06' East longitude, in the subtropical Southern andNorthern tropical regions Follicles, ripen in June-July, then peel WangXianpu, Jin Xiaobai, Sun Chengyong (1986) within ten days of collectingseeds, up to 95% of the seeds can survive, but after storing 20-30 days ofsurvival, only 60 - 80% left; Most seeds are incapable of germinating after
Trang 7two months of storage Burretiodendron hsienmu is suitable for limestone
areas, shallow soil
1.2 Research situation in Vietnam
According to Hoang Kim Ngu (2004), to propagate Burretiodendron
hsienmu Chun et How for afforestation, it is possible to use the propagating
method from naturally regenerated seedlings in the forest to transplant intopots, put into beds with canopy cover 0.7-0.8, tending, watering for newroots, planting under canopy of forest or shade trees from 0.5-0.7
Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc (2012) conducted a breeding experiment of
Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How by taking advantage of regenerated
seedlings from the forest Through collection of regenerated trees, theadjustment of density and distribution network of regenerated trees will becombined with the research site
Nguyen Thi Luan and Bui Minh Quang (2006) conducted a tissue culture
experiment of Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How through studying the
effect of growth regulators on the ability to shoot and extend shoots Results
showed that Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How appeared new shoots but
slowly, the study time was too short (4 weeks) so it was not enough basis for
the research team to come up with an appropriate formula for propagation.
According to Hoang Kim Ngu (2004), it is possible to cultivate
Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How in limestone areas with elevations
below 1,000m, preferably from 500 to 700m above sea level
1.3 General comment
In general, studies on Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How, both
domestically and internationally, are quite few and not systematic, mainlyfocusing on describing morphological, classification and usage
characteristics The propagation of Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How
has not really been paid attention, there have been some experiments onpropagation by seedlings from natural forests, by tissue culture but have yet
to give specific instructions due to the time Research is short and small scale
so reference value is not high In particular, there are no studies and
Trang 8experimental models on planting and restoring forest of Burretiodendron
hsienmu Chun et How in most localities with species distribution in Vietnam.
Therefore, the study of forestry characteristics and cultivation techniques ofBurretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How is very scientific and practical
CHAPTER 2 CONTENT AND METHOD OF RESEARCH 2.1 Research content
(1) Study on some forestry characteristics of Burretiodendron hsienmu
Chun et How in Son La and Dien Bien provinces
(2) Study on breeding techniques of Burretiodendron hsienmu.
(3) Study on planting techniques of Burretiodendron hsienmu
(4) Proposing some measures to preserve, restore and develop
Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How in Son La and Dien Bien.
2.2 Research Methods
2.2.1 Inheritance method
Selectively inherit documents on natural, socio-economic conditions,forest status maps of Son La and Dien Bien; Documents and results related topropagation, planting of forest trees and indigenous tree species; Studies on
Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How have been performed.
2.2.2 Foreign surveys and data processing
(1) Investigation of forestry characteristics:
Conducted at 5 research sites in Son La and Dien Bien:
- Each site established three survey routes in the natural forest areas on the
limestone mountains has a lot of Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How, the
length of each line over 1km has 2 sides expanded as the basis for selectingthe typical location of the plot standard
- Describe morphological characteristics by randomly observing leavesand stems of a total of 25 mature trees; 25 regenerated trees; observerandomly 5 flowers, 5 fruits on each tree; monitor the wrestling of 15 plants;inherit meteorological data for 10 years
- Dig 15 soil profiles (3 sections/site) At each soil sampling point from 3sections, mix well in 2 depth levels: 0-10cm; 10-30cm and analyzed 16
Trang 9indicators at the Soil and Environment Laboratory of the Forest Ecology andEnvironment Research Institute.
- Investigate forest structure:
+ High-rise tree: Set up 15 standard plots of 2,500m2 (50m x 50m).Measuring height soaring tops, diameter 1.3m, forest canopy (by the method
of 100 points);
+ Investigate the ecological relationship between Burretiodendron
hsienmu Chun et How and the accompanying species in the forest stand: Set
up 100 otc 6 trees by the method of Thomasius (1973)
+ Investigation of regeneration: In each otc, 25 plot plots 4m2 will becollected to collect information on regenerated trees (D1.3 <6cm): The citadel;height of regenerated tree (m), divided into levels: <1m; 1-2m; 2-3m; > 3m;Quality (good, bad, average); origin (buds, seeds); Calculation of prospectiveregenerated plants is those with a height ≥ 1m, average to good quality
Select 30 trees Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How size D1.3 ≥ 20cm,
no pests, no dead ends as the center, set up odb to study regeneration aroundthe original stump Establish odb size 1m2 (1m x 1m) around the parent tree
in four directions of East, West, South, North, 4 cells in the canopy, 4 outercanopy areas within a radius Dt that tree, 4 outside canopy with radius ≥ 2Dtthat tree Information collected includes: Number of young seedlings(seedlings and seedlings) and height division as above
- Data processing: Calculate the average value of the size; find thedistribution law of N/D1.3, N/H by Weibull function; analyze the structure ofthe composition according to the IV% method of Curtis & McIntosh (1951);Finding the dominant species group by Daniel Marmillod and by Thai VanTrung (1978); forest status division according to Louschau (1960) researchedand supplemented by Forest Inventory and Planning Institute; classhierarchical structure classification based on IUFRO classification
(Leibundgut, 1958); The ecological relationship between Burretiodendron
hsienmu Chun et How and accompanying plants, the minimum nutritional
area of Burretiodendron hsienmu matures based on the frequency of
Trang 10occurrence (applying the method of 6 Thomasius trees (1973)) ;Regeneration: Analysis of density, composition according to percentage oftrees, percentage of number of trees by level (quality, origin, promisingregeneration, regeneration around parent tree).
+ Experiment on the effect of the best seed lot temperature in experiment
1, soak seeds in water with 3 initial temperatures (300C; 400C and 200C control water) Each temperature is performed with 30 pure seeds, repeated 3times, soaking time 12 hours, picked and incubated once every 24 hours,monitoring the germination rate daily
-+ Experimental effect of shade for seedling growth in nursery stage: Fourshading formulas are arranged (0%; 25%; 50%; 75%)
+ Experimental effect of potting medium composition on seedling growth
in nursery stage: Perform with 3 potting medium formula
- Propagated from cuttings:
+ Experimental effects of plant growth regulators and concentrations: 3stimulant drugs, 3 concentration levels, 10 seconds dipping time and non-drug control
+ Experimental effect of concentration and time dipping: From the aboveexperiment, to determine the best drug, continue to use this drug for testingwith 5 concentration levels and 3 levels of dipping time
+ Experimental effect of rejuvenated growth stimulant and cuttingsconcentration: Conducted with 3 drugs, 9 levels, uniform dipping time of 20seconds and non-drug control
Trang 11The experiments uniformly cuttings spring, the cuttings are 100% cleansand Experiments on randomized blocks were complete, replicated 3 times,and 30 cuttings/repetition
(3) Planting techniques Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How:
Conducting planting experiments in Dien Bien and Son La Monitoring thegrowth of 4 years (2014-2018)
- Effect of seedling standards: Implement 3 formulas: seedlings 9 months,
12 months and 15 months of age Each area is 0.1 ha/replicate, planted underthe canopy of natural forest on limestone mountains with canopy coverage of0.4-0.5 Planting density of 400 trees/ha (5m x 5m)
- Effect of fertilizer: Apply 4 different formulas: 0.1kg/tree; 0.2kg/tree;0.3kg/tree and control without fertilizing The area of each formula is 0.15
ha/iteration The planting density of Burretiodendron hsienmu 400 trees/ha
(5mx5m) Planted under natural forest canopy on limestone mountains,canopy cover 0.4-0.5 Use 12 months pregnant seedlings made from seeds
- Effect of mixed ratio between Burretiodendron hsienmu and Chukrasia
tabularis: Formula 1 (4 rows of Chukrasia tabularis+1 row of Burretiodendron hsienmu); formula 2 (3 rows Chukrasia tabularis+1 row Burretiodendron hsienmu); Formula 3 (2 rows Chukrasia tabularis+1 row Burretiodendron hsienmu); Formula 4 (1 row Chukrasia tabularis+1 row Burretiodendron hsienmu) The area of each formula is 0.1 ha/replicate.
Planting density: 2,500 trees/ha (2m x 2m)
CHAPTER 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Silvicultural characteristics of species Burretiodendron hsienmu
Chun et How in Son La and Dien Bien
3.1.1 Morphological, ecological, rearing and distribution characteristics
3.1.1.1 Morphological characteristics
a) Morphology Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How mature:
Results from table 3.1 showing that under the impact of exploitation,
currently Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How in Son La, Dien Bien are
mainly left with small to medium sized trees, much smaller than the
Trang 12documents ever worked father before During the field investigation, many
trees Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How to be cut down, left behind the
stump with a diameter of over 1m, with a stem diameter of nearly 3m
Table 3.1: Characteristics of mature size of leaf and trunk of
Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How mature
Results of field surveys in Son La and Dien Bien
[1] [2]
Muong Giang
Chieng Khoang
Phong Lai
Pu Nhung
Toa Tinh
DBH(cm)
36.8 26.2 26.2 26.5 38.1 80-90 10
0Tree hight (m) 18.8 14.8 20.5 17.2 17.6 30-35 > 30Canopy
On the base of the tree, there is usually a big buttress, the floating rootsystem attaches deep into the rock holes to help the tree stand firmly on thelimestone mountains Relatively straight, with gray, flaky rinds, in some treeswith large stumps or stems that appear irregularly shaped
Trang 13Leaf morphology: The leaves are single-leafed, ovoid shaped, graduallypointed, with protruding nose, tail shaped or almost round, thick, hard,smooth, smooth, smooth, raw edges, with 3-5 root veins Axillary armpitwith submerged glands and small tufts of hair Leaf size results are quitesimilar to the descriptions of previously published documents However, thedifference is that the leaf size in Son La and Dien Bien is variable and thestem length is much larger, on the tree there are also leaves with 3 and 5veins at the base.
b) Morphology Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How regenerated
Seedlings under 6 months old have leaf shaped ears, soft stems, stemheight ranges from 3.5 - 4.5cm, average leaf width 2.5cm, average leaf length2.2cm, leaf tips not with a long nose and concave in Seedlings over 6months old are not branched, the leaf shape is similar to mature trees butsmaller in size: petioles 3 - 5cm long, leaves 4-6cm wide, 6-8cm long, leaftips protruding Seedlings over 12 months old are basically the smallest leafsize and size Trees regenerated under a canopy of a height of 45cm or higherhave the same leaf size as the average size of an adult tree
3.1.1.2 Material characteristics
Burretiodendron hsienmu is characterized by unisexual flowers, male
flowers grow in leaf axils, bell-shaped radio, at the top of 5 deep lobes,1.5cm long Petals 5, 1.3cm long, yellowish white, stamen 25-35, forming 5bundles at the base, only 1 to 1.3cm long Inflorescences include 2-3 flowers,potting sessile The oval capsule is 3-4cm long, 1-1.5cm in diameter, has 5edges, the stem is 2cm long Dried fruits open on their own Growth of
Burretiodendron hsienmu Chun et How full phases in a year as shown in