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Research purpose On the basis of theoretical research and the situation of social work with the group for female students to prevent sexual harassment; The thesis proposes and tests soc

VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

LE THI LAM

SOCIAL WORK WITH GROUP FOR FEMALE STUDENTS IN SEXUAL HARASSMENT PREVENTION

The work has been completed at:

GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

The thesis is defended in front of the doctoral examination council, held at

the Graduate academy of social sciences

At …… hour , date… month… year 2020

The thesis can be found at:

National Library and

The Library of Graduate academy of social sciences

INTRODUCTION

1 The necessity of the thesis

Sexual harassment is sexual gestures and behaviors that make the other person feel psychologically and sexually uncomfortable, such as a man's gaze, intentionally revealing genitals , whistling, mocking about appearances or flirting, flirting with sexually suggestive messages or, more severely, sexual assault, sexual assault It is a prominent and pressing issue in the public opinion today Sexual harassment has serious consequences for social and personal development, with the direct disadvantage being women and girls, including students

Although the social work profession has just been established, it has proved its importance, influence and contribution to society through specific professional methods such as social work with groups and social work association with individuals, community development After Project 32 on the development of the social work profession of the Government was born in 2010, the social work industry has been widely deployed in education and practice Most recently, on January 25, 2017, the Ministry of Education and Training issued Decision

327 on the Social Work Career Development Plan in the Education Sector for the period 2017-2020, confirming the advantages of the Work Profession society in solving school issues in general, sexual harassment in particular

Students are at high risk of sexual harassment because most of them are young people, many of whom live far away from their families and accommodation, which are not safe, often work part-time jobs and participate in public transport Students who have real experience on this issue are not small, according to the survey of students' experiences and attitudes towards sexual harassment in Da Nang shows that 39.3% of students said Of those who had witnessed or been sexually harassed by others, 21.3% of others reported having been sexually harassed Common forms of sexual harassment include: making eye contact, whistling, teasing, vulgar comments about appearance, staring at a body part, flirting, harassment by email, text message, suggestion of forcing sex to get promoted, keep a job, being exposed to someone else's genitals, being raped, If equipped with the knowledge and skills about Preventing and interfering with sexual harassment, not only helps students to protect themselves but also serve their future career activities Through the integration in teaching, integrating and applying in class homerooms or organizing extracurricular activities for students from preschool to high school, teachers, social workers Future psychologists will be the core individuals / groups that will assist students, children, and the community in preventing and responding to sexual harassment

Based on the data of recent surveys as well as current social practices with a series of serious harassment, abuse and violence incidents across the country; Based on the role and mission of the profession, social work and the student's mind - birth - social characteristics make students one of the subjects at

high risk of sexual harassment; Shows the selection of the topic "Social work with groups for female students in preventing sexual harassment" is a necessary

and meaningful job both in theory and practice and is a new approach nowadays

2 Purpose and research task

2.1 Research purpose

On the basis of theoretical research and the situation of social work with the group for female students to prevent sexual harassment; The thesis proposes and tests social work activities with groups to form and strengthen the capacity

of preventing sexual harassment of female students

2.2 Research task

The thesis will focus on clarifying the following basic tasks:

- Overview of national and international studies related to sexual harassment prevention;

- Research the theoretical basis for social work with groups of female students in preventing sexual harassment;

- Assess needs of participating in social work activities to improve students' knowledge and skills to prevent sexual harassment and the status of social work activities with groups in preventing sexual harassment for students

It has since clarified the role of social work with the group in forming knowledge and skills to prevent sexual harassment for female students;

- Proposing and testing social work activities with groups of female students in preventing sexual harassment

3 Object and scope of the thesis

3.2.2 Research object

- Female students studying at universities in Danang City;

- Managers and social workers at centers and facilities provide various types of social work activities to prevent sexual harassment for female students today;

- Managers and lecturers at the university

3.2.3 The study duration

The thesis is conducted from April 2016 to July 2019

4 Methodology and research methods

4.1 Research methodology

The thesis is made on the basis of selective acquisition of theories

supporting the interpretation of human behavior in social environments; Examining the issue of sexual harassment and preventing sexual harassment in the context of Vietnamese culture, the psychology of Vietnamese people in dealing with issues related to sex, sex and gender Especially, the approach is based on one of the three main interventions of social work, which is social work with the group, through group interaction to improve the prevention of sexual harassment of female students

4.2 Research methods

4.2.1 Methods of researching documents and materials

4.2.2 Method of experts

4.2.3 Survey method by questionnaire

4.2.4 In-depth interview method

4.2.5 Observing method

4.2.6 Experimental method

4.2.7 Methods of processing data by mathematical statistics

5 New scientific contributions of the thesis

In the context of preventing sexual harassment and social work in preventing sexual harassment is a new research problem in Vietnam, the thesis has conducted an overview of the domestic and foreign research works on the situation of research, analysis, the system of contributions of existing studies and indicate the gap that needs strengthening On that basis, a theoretical framework for social work with groups for female students in sexual harassment prevention was established

The study contributes to reflect the current status and effectiveness of social work activities in preventing sexual harassment for female students currently within the university framework The thesis addresses the limitations

of this work but it is the point of interest to build more effective social work activities

Social work with groups of female students in prevention of sexual harassment aims at 3 levels (i) prevention of "new cases", (ii) prevention of re-occurrence, (iii) minimizing The impact caused by sexual harassment to the victim has been proposed with the content and specific implementation method, taking into account the appropriateness of the student's level of knowledge, demonstrating the application of the method, social work process with the group in capacity to protect themselves against sexual harassment Testing this activity in practice has shown its feasibility and effectiveness for

forming and consolidating knowledge and skills to prevent sexual harassment for female students The analysis also points out the factors that influence the effectiveness of this activity towards improving the model of sexual harassment prevention for students in schools This approach not only helps female students protect themselves but also contributes to the promotion of their trained expertise The thesis provides references about social work in the context that this is a young industry in Vietnam; At the same time, it is also a handshake towards building a safe, non-violent community with women and girls

6 Theoretical and practical contribution of the thesis

6.1 Theoretical contribution of the thesis: The thesis contributes to

systematize and generalize on the basis of theoretical evidence on prevention

of sexual harassment, social work with groups in prevention of sexual harassment; Content, form and approach in social work with groups to prevent sexual harassment for female students Forming a model of social work activities with groups in education to prevent sexual harassment of female students, in accordance with the conditions of female students in the

framework of the university's learning and training program

6.2 Practical contribution of the thesis: The thesis reflects the

current situation of social work activities with the group in preventing female sexual harassment of students This shows that the social work activities in prevention of sexual harassment of existing female students are more about interventions, remedial rather than prevention so that they do not happen or repeat, the main form is to work individuals, social work activities with groups are organized but not in accordance with the nature and process of social work methods with groups The reality of female students' understanding of sexual harassment is still incomplete, accurate and their skills in preventing sexual harassment are still limited, students with experience or no experience with sexual harassment education, with or without social activities in the prevention

of sexual harassment, there are not really effective responses to situations of sexual harassment That fact shows that the prevention of sexual harassment that the thesis is approaching includes 3 levels is reasonable; It is imperative to establish social work with the group for female students in preventing sexual harassment

The thesis contributes to providing databases and references for the fields of public policy, social work, psychology and education, serving in research and training related to care work , educating and protecting female students; A useful document in teaching modules related to gender, gender equality, social work with disadvantaged women

The results of the thesis aim to contribute to building a safe, friendly and civilized community

7 Structure of the thesis

In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of references, the thesis has 5 chapters:

Chapter 1 Overview of the research situation

Chapter 2 Theoretical issues of social work with group for female students in sexual harassment prevention

Chapter 3 Research methods on social work with groups for female students in sexual harassment prevention

Chapter 4: Current situation of social work with groups for female students in sexual harassment prevention in Da Nang city

Chapter 5: Testing social work with groups for female students in sexual harassment prevention

Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION

To contribute to the review of researches related to sexual harassment and social work with groups of female students in the systematic and comprehensive prevention of sexual harassment The dissertation summarized and analyzed existing studies, selected and inherited the results of many domestic and foreign constructions, and continued to clarify the tasks set out for thesis and practice in research The literature review provides a broad overview

of research issues, from the concept of sexual harassment, causes, perpetrators and social work with groups in sexual harassment prevention

1.1 Sexual harassment studies

Sexual harassment studies around the world show different

perspectives on the definition of sexual harassment and though they were approached very early, especially in the US and the West Europe but the definition of sexual harassment is still controversial and difficult to agree Some findings, including: (i) Sexual harassment is a form of violence in which victims are often women, verbal harassment is more common than other forms Sexual harassment causes negative effects on the victim's psychology, work, and relationships Research on the prevention and treatment of sexual harassment victims and victims is still limited; (ii) Sexual harassment has become one of the issues that attract a lot of social attention but is also the most

easily misunderstood in the law

In Vietnam, this issue has only been concerned for the past decade The studies are primarily approached from a legal or public policy perspective, initially concerned with sexual harassment in the workplace A number of sociological surveys were also conducted to clarify the situation, manifestations, causes of sexual harassment, people's experiences with issues related to sexual harassment, challenges in Prevention and response to sexual

harassment and other forms of sexual violence The studies mainly stop at the perspective of considering policies on sexual harassment in laws, surveys to clarify people's experiences with issues related to sexual harassment, challenges in prevention Prevention and response to sexual harassment and other forms of sexual violence, activities to prevent sexual abuse for children

1.2 Studies on group social work in sexual harassment prevention and intervention

Overview of studies around the world show that many training programs are offered in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom for identify and prevent sexual harassment in organizations and in schools, targeting large groups While these preventive actions contribute to the necessary protection of sexual harassment cases and the widespread recognition of sexual harassment as a current issue in society, they are still It is not clear whether they have succeeded in changing or not the organizational or personal factors that may be associated with sexual harassment There is no empirical evidence for a universal assessment of the effectiveness of any of the aforementioned programs, and this is an important question that even today has not been answered The need for current program effectiveness evaluation studies is clearly to take a step forward in preventing sexual harassment

In Vietnam in recent years, a number of programs to prevent and intervene in sexual harassment at the workplace, to develop a code of workplace code of conduct; Develop and organize prevention programs But in general, the target is just children, preventing child sexual abuse or sex education for children in the community Although social work activities in support of victims of sexual harassment, abuse and prevention of sexual harassment are in practice, few published studies have been published on this activity , from the content, interventions and effectiveness of the assistance Regarding social work with the group in preventing sexual harassment for female students, there is currently no comprehensive or systematic research or research program on theory and practice The subject of sexual harassment is a female student who has not been intensively studied, but mixed in with the female subject While students are generally considered to be the mainstay force and pillar of the home country, the core force for building a new society, there is a risk of facing insecurity with sexual harassment

Conclusion of Chapter 1

Literature review shows the issue of sexual harassment and social work with groups for female students in the prevention of sexual harassment is a research interest of many different sciences in the world gender The most common victims of sexual harassment are women and girls in many countries, economically or undeveloped, in various forms of harassment; The care and

prevention programs are quite diverse However, the role of school-based sexual harassment prevention, especially higher education, has not been clarified Activities to prevent sexual harassment for students should be given due attention, thereby contributing to ensure a safe environment for students to study and develop best At the same time, train students who are conscious and knowledgeable to join hands to solve social issues From this practice, this

study raises two questions: (i) Which social work measures have been applied

to help students in the study area prevent from sexual harassment? How to help female students prevent sexual harassment to the extent that they meet female students' needs ?, (ii) Can social activities be organized with groups to improve their capacity? effectively preventing sexual harassment for school- based students ?; If done, what is the procedure, content, how to do it ?

Therefore, assessing the situation of social work activities with groups of female students in preventing sexual harassment, thereby proposing social work measures to prevent sexual harassment for female students is the direction New and urgent approach today

Chapter 2 THEORETICAL ISSUES OF SOCIAL WORK WITH GROUP FOR FEMALE STUDENTS IN SEXUAL HARASSMENT

2.1 Sexual harassment prevention

2.1.1 Sexual harassment

The thesis inherited the above views and used the approach of UN Women on sexual harassment to build concepts for the topic Accordingly, sexual harassment includes sexual gestures and behaviors that make the opponent feel uncomfortable psychologically and sexually as men stare, intentionally expose their genitals and whistles flirting, commenting on appearance or flirting, flirting with sexually suggestive messages or, to a greater extent, can be rape or sexual assault

In Vietnamese culture, depending on the specific situation, some manifestations

of sexual harassment identified above can be considered as sexual harassment However, it is sexually harassing if the manifestations are full of the main characteristics: (i) the act does not have the consent, permission of the target

audience, (ii) is sexually implicated and (iii) make the target audience feel uncomfortable psychologically and sexually

2.1.2 Prevention

The concept of prevention in the thesis is considered from the

perspective of social work: Prevention is one of the four important functions of

social work (Prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and development) This is a guiding function, helping vulnerable individuals, groups and communities to prevent negative psychological, social and economic problems that can occur

by using tools preventive The forms of prevention of social work are diverse Social workers can set up service programs before problems occur, to prevent and prevent difficult situations that may occur In addition, this function can be shown in preventing the re-occurrence of social problems of individuals, groups and communities

2.1.3 Sexual harassment prevention

Sexual harassment prevention is a systematic, comprehensive program that includes activities for a specified period of time in order not to cause sexual harassment or if it does not occur to repeat or limit to the lowest the consequences for the victim This overall program has the goal of preventing sexual harassment; content of sexual harassment prevention; forms, methods and means of preventing sexual harassment, ways of evaluating and evaluating preventive results The implementation of preventive activities helps individuals, groups and communities to be equipped with and raise awareness, attitude and correct and effective handling skills against situations at risk of sexual harassment

Within the scope of this thesis, the connotation of the concept of prevention of sexual harassment thus covers a wide range of activities:

Prevention of sexual harassment before such acts occur (prevention of "New cases" ); Preventing the repeated situation of sexual harassment (preventing

victims of continued sexual harassment and the subject of sexual harassment to end their harassment); Preventing or limiting the effects / consequences of sexual harassment by introducing and providing short-term and long-term support and care services

2.2 Social work with group

The author of the thesis references and analyzes the concept of social work with the group of domestic and foreign documents by Toseland Rivas (1998), Nguyen Thi Thai Thailand (2012), Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong (2011)

On that basis, social work with groups is a method / activity of social work to help strengthen and strengthen the social functions of individuals through group activities and the ability to cope with problems of personal That is the process

of social workers using group activities to help individuals interact with each other, share experiences, think with each other, make changes in behavioral

attitudes, enhance ability ability to solve problems and satisfy the needs of group members

In this study, the concept of the social work with groups approach covers the following main characteristics: (i) It is one of the basic forms of intervention of social work; (ii) The social worker support process creates conditions for members to interact, share concerns or common issues, participate in activities aimed at individual and group goals (iii) Coordination of the leader or assistance (when the coordinator is a member of the group)

Content of social work with group for female students in sexual

harassment prevention focused on clarifying two issues (i) General issues of sexual harassment prevention; (ii) Skills to prevent sexual harassment (Skills to identify risks of sexual harassment; Skills to control emotions in situations where there is a risk of sexual harassment; Self-defense skills before sex) dangerous situations; skills to seek help when facing difficulties and dangers; communication skills and support to prevent sexual harassment) This will help achieve the goals set out in group social work for female students in sexual harassment prevention education

Progress of social work with group for female students in sexual

harassment prevention is the process of interaction between group members that takes place during the life of the group, in which the steps are performed in a sequential manner to help group members improve their capacity to prevent sexual harassment, follow 4 basic steps (i) prepare and form a group; (ii) The group started operating; (iii) Intervention / task execution and (iv) termination

2.5 Theoretical arguments supporting group social work for female students in preventing sexual harassment

The thesis approaches and applies the arguments from typical theories

in social work and social work with groups, thereby contributing to providing explanations on sexual harassment behavior in social environment Vietnam; Provides orientation in organizing social work with the group for female students in prevention of sexual harassment, including: Maslow's need theory, symbolic interaction theory, system theory, role theory, feminist theory

Conclusion of chapter 2

The results of research on the theoretical basis of group social work and group social work for female students in sexual harassment prevention have identified the main concepts of the topic: Group social work , students, sexual harassment prevention, group social work in sexual harassment prevention From there, the theoretical framework was formed from the issue of group social work for female students in preventing sexual harassment (definition, content, form, influencing factors) From this framework is the basis for practical research and proposed activities social work student group for women

in the prevention of sexual harassment

Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODS ON SOCIAL WORK WITH GROUPS FOR FEMALE STUDENTS IN SEXUAL HARASSMENT

PREVENTION 3.1 Information about the study area

3.2 Organization and research methods

3.2.1 Research organization

3.2.1.1 Theoretical research phase

a Purpose: Research systematize some basic theories about group

social work in preventing female sexual harassment in order to build a theoretical framework for the research problem, which is the basis for practical research

b Content: Theoretical research activities are conducted through two

phases (i) document search and (ii) document analysis The method used is the method of researching documents, documents and expert methods The main activities include: Overview of researches around the world and Vietnam on

social work with groups with female students in preventing sexual harassment;

Theoretical foundations of group social work in sexual harassment prevention; Summary and analysis of experiences, methods and conditions to organize sexual harassment prevention activities in schools

c Implementation time: January, 2017 – May, 2018

3.2.1.2 Practical research phase

a Purpose: A practical study was conducted to find out the status of

group social work in preventing sexual harassment for female students and to test group social work in preventing sexual harassment of female students Recommended tablets

b Content: Practical research activities are conducted through 3 stages:

(i) Design phase of survey tools; (ii) Trial investigation period; (iii) Official investigation phase and (iv) Impact experimental phase The methods used are

survey methods, in-depth interviews, observation methods, experimental methods and data processing by mathematical statistics

Thesis analyze and assess the situation of social work with groups for female

students in the prevention of sexual harassment in the area today, on the following aspects: (i) The situation of the needs of female students to the public social cooperation with the group in preventing sexual harassment; (ii) Real situation of female students' knowledge and skills in dealing with sexual harassment; (iii) Current situation of social work activities with groups of female students in prevention of sexual harassment today

Social work activities with groups of female students in prevention of sexual harassment are conducted in the following order: (i) Developing social work programs with groups in preventing sexual harassment; (ii) Conduct program testing; (iii) Organize training activities to formulate knowledge and skills to prevent sexual harassment for student groups; (iv) Strengthen prevention skills for students by following training programs for designing re-training scenarios for children and re-training them in groups of children in the community The final step is to review the activity and learn from experience

c Implementation time: June, 2018 – May, 2019

3.2.1.3 The thesis writing and completion stage

This activity is carried out after the dissertation collects theoretical and practical arguments on research issues This phase is conducted in two basic steps: (i) Synthesis and completion of thematic reports, (ii) writing summary reports of research results

Implementation time: 12/2018 - 7/2019

Basically the research periods are serial, sometimes intertwined Based on the experts' comments, the research content is always updated, supplemented and completed in the following periods when the results summary report is completed

3.2.2 Research methodology

3.2.2.1 Document research methods

a Purpose: On the basis of analyzing, summarizing and generalizing

existing documents and research on social work issues for female students in sexual harassment prevention as a basis for building a theoretical framework of the topic, orientations for implementing practical research

b.Contents: ResearchOverview of research on social work with groups

for female students in sexual harassment prevention; Theoretical foundations of group social work in sexual harassment prevention; Achievements related to research issues; Guidelines and policies related to prevention of sexual

harassment; Statistics on research issues Resources include: Books, textbooks,

journal articles; archives, documents on the website

c Method of implementation: The cited and reference documents are

searched on PsycINFO, Pubmed, Electronic library ofUniversity Catholic(America), electronic library of University of Melbourne (Australia)

and no time limit Keyword searches include "sexual harassment", "definition of." sexual harassment","research on sexual harassment"; "Prevention of sexual harassment"; "Social work in preventing sexual harassment" In

addition, to augment the data, the study opted for advanced search on Google scholar with no time limit on publication and author Articles from the proceedings of national and international conferences as well as summaries of research topics related to research issues were also used The selection of documents is based on the following criteria: Articles in English or Vietnamese; Full text articles in PDF files, monographs, researches fully describe the indicators of research tools such as reliability, validity, sufficient number of representative samples Finally, there are 123 documents, the study was screened and met the criteria

3.2.2.2 Expert method

a Purpose: To be used in this topic as one of the main methods to

gather opinions of experienced, knowledgeable persons in the field of sexual harassment prevention research and on The research content of the topic because this is an interdisciplinary topic

b.Contents: Research(i) Experience in preventing sexual harassment in

Vietnam and around the world; (ii) The school's role in education to prevent sexual harassment and abuse; Conditions for carrying out sexual harassment prevention education in schools; (iii) Discuss issues related to content, research methods and remaining issues, which need adjustments and supplements in the research results of the thesis on social work activities in supporting support for sexual harassment prevention

c Method of implementation: The main form of implementation is in

the form of expert conferences and seminars The results are recorded in a record format During the implementation process, the study organized (i) 01 conference on developing a program to prevent child sexual abuse / harassment With the participation of representatives of the schools in Da Nang City, in collaboration to participate in research, representatives of the Education Department, representatives of the Center for providing social work services in

Da Nang City; lecturer, research team member of Department of Psychology - Education, University of Education, University of Danang (ii) 01 scientific

seminar on the topic "The role of social work in supporting women and girls who are sexually harassed", with the participation of lecturers from the Social

Work Group and representatives of Department of Psychology - Education, University of Education, University of Danang

3.2.2.3 Survey method by questionnaire