Tài liệu tham khảo tiếng Anh 11 hk2

A defining adjective clause is one that is necessary to identify the noun that it modifies.. The relative clauses in these examples are essential in order to identify which professor, wh

IRREGULAR VERBS (ĐỘNG TỪ BẤT QUI TẮC)

Động từ bất qui tắc rất quan trọng trong Tiếng Anh, giúp chia đúng Thì, giúp viết Câu Bị Động, Câu Điều Kiện,… Nếu không thuộc lòng động từ bất qui tắc, không bao giờ chúng ta có thể viết đúng một câu Tiếng Anh, dù là đơn giản như một câu Quá Khứ Đơn Mọi người học Tiếng

Anh đều phải học thuộc lòng những động từ này Để dễ nhớ, người ta chia động từ bất qui tắc thành 5 nhóm sau đây:

betbroadcastburstcastcostcutforecasthithurtletputquitreadsetshutspreadthrust

cá độphát thanhnổ

némtrị giácắt

dự báođánh, đụnglàm tổn thương

để chođặt, đ ể

bỏ, thơiđọcđặt, vặn lại, thiết lậpđĩng lại

trải rađâm

bentboundbledbroughtbuiltburntboughtcaughtcreptdealtdugdreamtdweltfedfeltfoughtfoundfledgot

bẻ congtrĩi buộclàm chảy m áumang lạixây dựngđốt cháymuabắtbịđối xử, xử lýđào

mơ, chiêm bao

cư trúcho ăncảm th ấyđánh nhautìm đượcchạy trốnnhận, lấy được

xay, nghiềntreo

cónghecầm

gi ữđặt, đểdẫn d ắtdựahọc

để lại, rời khỏicho mư ợnthắp sángmất, thuachế tạo, sản xuất, làm

có nghĩa làgặp

trả ti ềnnóitìm, kiếmbángửichiếu sáng(m ặt trời)bắn, sút bóng

ngồingủngửi

v ượt nhanhđánh vầntiêu xài, trải qualàm đổ

làm hỏngđứngdán dínhchíchtác độngquét

đu đưadạy

kể, bảosuy nghĩhiểukhóc thầmchiến thắng

becomecomerun

trở thànhđếnchạy

4 Nhóm A-A-B:

là, thì ởsinh ra, chịu đựngbắt đầu

cắnthổilàm vỡ, gãy, vi phạmlựa chọn

làm

vẽ, kéouốnglái xe hơiănrơi, ngãbaycấmđoán trước, tiên triquên

tha th ứđimọc, trồnggiấu, trốnbiếtnằmnhầm, lầmcỡi(ngựa, xe đạp)reo chuôngtăng lênthấy, gặplắc, rungchỉ cho thấyhát

chìm tàunóinhảy chồm lên

ăn cắpbơicầm, lấy

xé ráchnémđảm nhiệmđánh thứcmặc, đội, mang đeorút

viết

UNIT 9: THE POST OFFICE (BƯU ĐIỆN)

1 daily

2 equip

3 advanced

4 technology

5 spacious

6 pleasant

7 front

8 service

9 a well-trained staff

10 thoughtful

11 courteous

12 customer

13 parcel

14 surface

15 express mail

16 deliver

17 competitive rate

18 transfer

19 imagine

20 speedy

21 secure

22 besides

23 notify

24 recipient

25 receive

26 document

27 original

28 facsimile

29 transmission

30 convenient

31 transmit

32 graphic

33 distance

34 press distribution

35 bother

36 subscribe

37 favourite

/ 'deili/

/ i'kwip/

/ əd'vɑ:nst/

/ tek'nɔlədʒi/

/'spei∫əs/

/ 'pleznt/

/ frʌnt/

/ 'sə:vis/

/ 'θɔ:tfl/

/ 'kə:tjəs/

/ 'kʌstəmə/

/ 'pɑ:s(ə)l/

/ 'sə:fis/

/ iks'pres meil/

/ di'livə/

/ kəm'petitiv reit/

/ 'trænsfə:/

/ i'mædʒin/

/ 'spi:di/

/ si'kjuə/

/ bi'saidz/

/ 'noutifai/

/ ri'sipiənt/

/ ri'si:v/

/ 'dɔkjumənt/

/ ə'ridʒənl/

/ fæk'simili/

/ trænz'mi∫n/

/ kən'vi:njənt/

/ trænz'mit/

/ græfik/

/ 'distəns/

/ pres ,distri'bju:∫n/

/ 'bɔđə/

/ səb'skraib/

/ 'feivərit/

(adj) (v) (adj) (n) (adj) (adj) (n) (n) (exp) (adj) (adj) (n) (n) (n) (exp) (v) (exp) (v) (v) (adj) (adj) (adv) (v) (n) (v) (n) (adj) (adj) (n) (adj) (v) (adj) (n) (exp) (v) (v) (adj)

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B GRAMMAR:

DEFINING AND NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ GIỚI HẠN VÀ KHÔNG GIỚI HẠN)

a A defining adjective clause is one

that is necessary to identify the noun that it

modifies

b A defining clause provides

“essential” or “identifying” information and does

not require commas.

a The professor who/that teaches

English 1101 is an excellent teacher.

b The woman whom/that/ø you met

at my party is a former astronaut.

c The newspaper which/that is on

the table has an interesting article on polar bears.

d The television show which/that/ø

I watched last night was informative.

a The relative clauses in these

examples are essential in order to identify which

professor, which woman, which newspaper, or

which television show is meant

b Notice that defining (essential)

clauses can be introduced with that, who, whom,

or which and that the object pronoun can be

eliminated (ø) in examples b and d

a Professor Hach, who teaches

English 1101, is an excellent professor.

b Sally Ride, whom you met at my

party, is a former astronaut.

table, has an interesting article on polar bears.

d Dateline, which I watched last

night, was informative.

a The relative clauses in these examples are not necessary to identify the nouns that they modify We know which professor, woman, newspaper and TV show because they have been identified by name, so the informationprovided in the relative clause is additional or nonessential

b Non-defining (nonessential)

clauses cannot be introduced with that, and the

pronoun object cannot be eliminated

Remember the steps for changing sentences into relative clauses.

1 Find the noun or pronoun in the 2nd sentence that refers to the same noun in

the 1st sentence

2 Choose the correct relative pronoun (who, whom, that, which, or whose).

3 Replace the noun in the 2nd sentence with the appropriate relative pronoun

4 If necessary, move the relative pronoun to the front of the 2nd sentence

5 Now you have a relative clause Place the entire relative clause after the word in the 1st

sentence

C EXERCISES:

I Choose the word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences:

1 This bed, _ my grandfather used to rest on, is made of wood

2 _ that Columbus sailed to America

A It is in 1492 B In 1492 C It was in1492 D That was in 1492

3 The reason _ was that she had an important appointment with his manager.

A which he didn't come B on which he didn't come

C for that he didn't come D he didn't come

4 _ are his students' needs

A What the teacher must know B Which the teacher must know

C That the teacher must know D The teacher must know

5 It doesn't matter _ one says _ is important is the things _ he does

A what - What - that B what - Which - that

C that - Which - that D what - That - what

6 A higher crime rate exists in cites _ a large percentage of the unemployed

III Re write these sentences:

1 Mark bought a car It cost $24,000

9 I have a photograph of my grandparents The photograph was taken 60 years ago.

UNIT 10: NATURE IN DANGER (THIÊN NHIÊN GẶP NGUY HIỂM)

A NEW WORDS:

38 the human race

39 species

40 exist

41 planet

42 human beings

43 the rest

44 environment

45 village

46 forest

47 affect

48 the water supply

49 agriculture

50.destroy

51 pollutant

52 respect

53 through

54 action

55 habit

56 result in

57 consequence

58 rare animal

59 as a result

60 decrease

61 rapidly

62 extinct

63 in order to + v

64 disappear

65 effort

66.protect

67 endangered species

68.organisation

69.set up

70.fund

71 raise

72 establish

73 prohibit

74 destruction

75 interference

76 survive

/'hju:mən'reis/

/'spi:∫i:z/

/ig'zist/

/'plænit/

/'hju:mən 'bi:iη/ /rest/

/in'vaiərənmənt/

/'vilidʒ/

/'fɔrist/

/ə'fekt/

/sə'plai/

/'ægrikʌlt∫ə/

/di'strɔi/

/pə'lu:tənt/

/ri'spekt/

/θru:/

/'æk∫n/

/'hæbit/

/ri'zʌlt/

/'kɔnsikwəns/

/reə 'æniməl/

/'di:kri:s/

/'ræpidli/

/iks'tiηkt/kt/

/,disə'piə/

/'efət/

/prə'tekt/

/,ɔ:gənai'zei∫n/

/set ʌp/

/fʌnd/

/reiz/

/is'tæbli∫/

/prə'hibit/

/dis'trʌk∫n/

/,intə'fiərəns/

/sə'vaiv/

/plɑ:nt/

/'pi:sfəli/

/kou ig'zist/

(n) (n) (v) (n) (n) (n) (n) (n) (n) (v) (exp) (n) (v) (n) (n) (prep) (n) (n) (v) (n) (exp) (exp) (v) (adv) (adj) (exp) (v) (n) (v) (exp) (n) (v) (n) (v) (v) (v) (n) (n) (v)

1 ………

2 ………

3 ………

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77 plant

78 peacefully

79 co-exist

(n)(adv)(v)

1 Mr Smith is the man I'm responsible my work

2 Many diseases people died years ago are no longer dangerous

3 Can you find me something

A that I can open the tin B I can open the tin

C by which to open the tin D to open the tin

4 The place is the library

A. for the readers to do research

B. for doing research with the readers

C. in which for doing research of the readers

D. to the readers for doing research

5 He is the good colleague

A for working with us B for us to work with

C to work for us with D to us for working with

6 Those cats, we have been looking , are very lovely

7 The place is the swimming pool near my house

A for my son to go swimming B where my son can go swimming

C to my son for going swimming D A or B

II Add commas where necessary and change the adjective clause pronoun to that if possible.

1 Susan and Dave, who are friends of mine, are visiting me this weekend (“Who” cannot be

changed to “that.”)

2 The people who are visiting me this weekend live in Ohio

(No commas; “who” can be changed to “that.”)

3 Only people who speak English, Spanish, and French should apply for the job.

4 Leonor who speaks all three languages applied for the job.

5 The rice which we had for dinner last night was very dry.

6 Rice which is grown in many parts of the world is an important food crop.

7 I have wonderful memories of my hometown which is in Pennsylvania.

8 I lived in a town which is located in Pennsylvania.

9 South Beach which is one of Florida’s biggest tourist attractions is always

crowded

10 The beach which Robert likes the best is in Fort Lauderdale.

11 A rebel is a person who resists or fights authority.

12 Ghandi who was a rebel believed in peaceful resistance.

13 One of the most useful materials in the world is glass which is made mostly from sand,

soda, and lime

14 I broke the glass which was on the dining room table.

III Read the text and choose the correct option A, B, C or D.

Whale Watching

Are you tired (0) C boring beach holidays? Would you like (1) something

completely different? Are you interested (2) wildlife?

Imagine waking up in the morning and seeing nothing but blue sea and blue sky

Imagine a silence broken only by the splash of dolphins jumping (3) the water,

or the cry of a sea bird in the sky Imagine seeing the earth’s (4) creature in its

natural habitat

Whale-watching holidays are both relaxing and exciting The thrill of coming

(5) a whale is incomparable There is no other (6) like it Our guides and

crew members (7) close links with environmental organisations and a great

deal of knowledge They know exactly what to look for and where and when to find

it, so you (8) not be disappointed

When you’re not whale watching there are plenty of other things to do If you (9)

going scuba diving we have expert instructors You can also swim at any time

In the evenings, you can leave the boat to explore the towns and villages of the coast

or, if you prefer, you can stay (10) board and watch the stars

UNIT 11: SOURCES OF ENERGY (CÁC NGUỒN NĂNG LƯỢNG)

A NEW WORDS:

1 at present

2 fossil fuel

3 coal

4 natural gas

5 reserve

6 demand

7 increase

8 exhausted

9 relatively

10.therefore

11 alternative

12 nuclear

13 electricity

14 need

15 geothermal heat

16 available

17 windmill

18 unfortunately

19 create

20 pollution

21 dam

22 release

23 amount

24 solar

25 panel

26 entire

27 plentiful

28 infinite

29 disadvantage

30 potential

31 researcher

/ 'fɔsl fjuəl/

/ koul/

/ ri'zə:v/

/ di'mɑ:nd/

/ 'inkri:s/

/ ig'zɔ:stid/

/ 'relətivli/

/ 'đeəfɔ:/

/ ɔ:l'tə:nətiv/

/ 'nju:kliə/

/ i,lek'trisiti/

/ ni:d/

/ ,dʒi:ou'θə:məl/

/ ə'veiləbl/

/ 'winmil/

/ ʌn'fɔ:t∫ənitli/

/ kri:'eit/

/ pə'lu:∫n/

/ dæm/

/ ri'li:s/

/ ə'maunt/

/ 'soulə/

/ 'pænl/

/ in'taiə/

/ 'plentifl/

/ 'infinit/

/ ,disəd'vɑ:ntidʒ/

/ pə'ten∫l/

/ ri'sə:t∫ə/

(exp) (n) (n) (n) (v) (n) (v) (adj) (adv) (adv) (adj) (adj) (n) (n) (n) (adj) (n) (adv) (v) (n) (n) (v) (n) (adj) (n) (adj) (adj) (adj) (n) (adj) (n)

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31 ………

B EXERCISES:

I Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that best completes each of the following sentences

1 I believe there is somebody at the door

A to knock B knock C knocked D knocking

2 I can't write anything because I have got neither a pen nor a pencil

A for writing B to write C to write with D for me to write

3 Taj Mahal, by Shah Jahan for his wife, is thought to be one of the

great architectural wonders of the world

A being built B was built C built D been built

4 Lake Superior, , borders on the United States and Canada

A in the world is the largest lake B is the largest lake in the world

C it is the largest lake in the world D the largest lake in the world

5 A chemical company that employed 4,000 people has gone bankrupt

A to employ 4,000 people B employing 4,000 people

C employed 4,000 people D that employing 4,000 people

6 New Zealand was the first country which gave women the vote

A. giving women the vote B to give women the vote

B. to have given women the vote D having given women the vote

7 Higher prices will discourage the customers

A from buying B to buy C for buying D about buying

8 While by the window, I saw a man up the opposite

building

A I was standing - to climb B standing - climbing

C Having stood - climbing D being stood - climb

9 Mr George was the second man in this way

A that had killed B who has been killed

10 The Olympic Games, in different countries in turn, have become an international sports festival

11 The secretaries were the only people

A getting a pay rise B who have got a pay rise

C to be got a pay rise D to get a pay rise

12 Everyone the building was searched by the police

13 His job was to teach handicapped children

A. teaching handicapped children

B. teach handicapped children

A.able to teach handicapped children

B.for teaching handicapped children

14 Mount Vernon, has recently been restored to its original colors

A.George Washington lived there

B.it was where George Washington lived

C.where George Washington lived

D.the place that lived in George Washington

15 The pilot left the aircraft Everyone else had left before him This sentence

means

A.The pilot was the only person to leave the aircraft

B.The pilot was the first person to leave the aircraft

C.The pilot was the last person to leave the aircraft

D.The pilot was the fastest person to leave the aircraft

16 Claudius Holey, of the first century AD, left a good description of the geocentric theory

A.he was an astronomer and a philosopher

B.being an astronomer and a philosopher

C.who is an astronomer and a philosopher

D.an astronomer and a philosopher

II Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense to complete the text.

A funny thing (1) (happen) last week I usually (2) (walk)

to work, but it (3) (rain) and I didn’t want to get wet, so I

(4) (decide) to catch the bus There were a lot of people at the bus stop

and the buses kept going past because they were full We (5) (wait) agesand when a bus finally (6) (arrive), I (7) (be) really fed up.Then, as I (8) (get) on, I (9) (hear) somebody call my

name I looked round the bus and (10) (see) a school friend I haven’t

seen for years I sat down next to her and we

(11) (talk) all the way into town Next weekend we (12)

(go) to the cinema together I’m (13) (invite) her to dinner some time as

well She (14) (not/eat) meat, so I (15) (cook) something

vegetarian

III Rewrite sentences 1-5 using the word given, so that the second sentence has

a similar meaning Write between two and five words.

used

He is used to making his own lunch

when

We they arrived.

2 I played football often when I was young.

used

I when I was young

3 Jo is starting to like his new job.

getting

Jo is his new job.