Marx stated: "History is nothing but a human activity pursuing his own purpose".Motivation of lecturers of political theory at military schoolsare factors created by satisfying objective
Trang 11 Rationale for the study
Human’s practical activity is activated by a system ofmotivation After all, the most powerful motivating force is the self-conscious activity in pursuing and satisfying their needs with a variety ofbenefits When studying the driving force of history, C Marx stated:
"History is nothing but a human activity pursuing his own purpose".Motivation of lecturers of political theory at military schoolsare factors created by satisfying objective needs with legitimate andpersonal benefits that promote positive sense of self-reliance, helpthem overcome the obstacles of work, bring the quality andeffectiveness of teaching and scientific research increasingly high,meet the requirements of every task assigned Without motivation,lecturers of political theory work less actively, lack of creativity, it isdifficult to overcome obstacles from the nature of work, making thequality of activities low, unsustainable, and cohesion betweenlecturers of political theory with related organization are not tight andsmooth
In the past years, the studies on human motivation in generaland that of lecturers in particular have gained positive results,contributing to further clarifying relevant theoretical issues.However, these studies are not in-depth, inadequate, and there are nostudies on motivation of lecturers of political theory at military from
a philosophical perspective In terms of the current situation, besidesthe majority of lecturers of political theory in military schoolsworking actively, voluntarily, with strong motivation, there is a partlacking motivation, not active in fulfilling their tasks, and lack sense
of responsibility, passion, creativity, commitment, and love for theirjobs Several lecturers of political theory have low teaching demandsand career trends are not clear Motivation constraints, both in terms
of theoretical and practical research, have been hindering leaders andmanagement at all levels involved in policy making to stimulate
Trang 2lecturers of political theory Simultaneously, it also held back theiractiveness, self-awareness and creative.
In the context that the military schools continue to promote thebasic and comprehensive renovation of education and training underthe Party's Resolution No 29 / NQ-TU (Session XI); researchactivities of social sciences and humanities, building military schoolswith new development; the ideological and theoretical strugglesagainst views and reactionary ideas of hostile forces at home andabroad have complicated developments; ask lecturers of politicaltheory at military to continuously improve the quality of activities.Simultaneously, the negative impacts of the market economy, thechange of moral values and professional values have been stronglyaffecting lecturers of political theory in terms of mind, emotions,responsibility, and tasks performance Thus, the thesis seeks to studytheir motivation and proposes solutions to motivating lecturers ofpolitical theory at military to be more active, self-conscious, creative,and passionate For the above-mentioned reasons, the author decides
to select the topic "Motivation of lecturers of political theory at military schools today" as his doctoral thesis.
2 Purposes and tasks of the study
Purposes
The thesis interprets the theoretical and practical issues aboutthe motivation of lecturers of political theory at military; proposing asystem of basic solutions to promote the motivation of lecturers ofpolitical theory at military today
Trang 3- Analysing and assessing the current situation and pointing out theproblems raised from the lecturers of political theory at military schools.
- Proposing a system of basic solutions to promotingmotivation of lecturers of political theory at military schools today
3 Object and scope of the study
Object
Motivation of lecturers of political theory
Scope
In terms of content: The thesis studies the basic theoretical
issues and lecturers of political theory at military
Scope of investigation and survey: Researching and examining
the motivation of lecturers of political theory in the Vietnam People'sArmy academies and schools, such as the Political Academy, the BorderGuard Academy, the Political Officers Training College, the ArmyOfficers Training College N1, and the Army Officers Training CollegeN2
In terms of time: The thesis uses data, documents, surveys the
current situation of motivation of lecturers of political theory from
-of national innovation
Practical basis
The thesis is based on the activities of lecturers of politicaltheory at military schools, through the relevant data of publishedstudies, aggregated data from the results of the referendum,interviews, directives, resolutions, programs, and projects of theParty, the State, the Army and military schools today
Trang 4The thesis utilizes the methodology of dialectical and historicalmaterialism The approach of the thesis is to study motivation interms of needs, benefits and links to needs and benefits
The thesis uses secondary data analysis methods: collecting,synthesizing, systematizing, processing, analysing and evaluatingdocuments and data from reports and works published in and abroad.Simultaneously, the thesis inherits the scientific theories, theapproach views of domestic and foreign research works on themotivations of people, cadres, workers, and lecturers of politicaltheory
Additionally, the thesis also uses a combination of methods ofinterdisciplinary science: Logic and history, abstraction andgeneralization, statistics, sociological surveys, observations, in-depthinterviews and expert’s consultancy so as to clarify the issues in thethesis
5 New contributions of the study
The thesis has accurately and updated the status of motivation
of lecturers of political theory at military schools
The thesis has proposed the system of basic, synchronous andfeasible solutions to promoting motivation of lecturers of politicaltheory at military schools today
6 Theoretical and practical significance of the study
The findings of the thesis contribute to clarify the theoreticalissues on motivation of lecturers of political theory at militaryschools At the same time, it contributes to enriching the theory of themotivations of people, workers and lecturers in institutes, collegesand universities
Trang 5The results of the thesis provide a scientific rationale for theleadership and educational management team to propose solutions topromoting motivation and enhance motivation, thereby improvingquality of performance of the duties of lecturers of political theory atmilitary The research results of the thesis can also be used asreferences, research documents, teaching, retraining, and improvingthe spirit, motivation, attitude, will, professional feelings of lecturers
of political theory at military schools today
7 The structure of the study
The thesis includes: Introduction, 4 chapters (11 periods),conclusions, and a list of the thesis-related works published by theauthor, a list of references and appendices
Chapter 1
AN OVERVIEW OF THE THESIS-RELATED RESEARCH
SITUATION 1.1 The works related to motivation of people and workers
1.1.1 The foreign works
Human and workers’ motivation has been paid due attention to
by several scientists in the world Here are typical works: "A theory
of human motivation" by Maslow; "Existence, relatedness, and grow: Human needs in organizational settings" by Alderfer; "The Motivation of works" by Herzberg; "Intentional Behaviour" by Ryan;
"A theory of goal setting and task performance" by Locke and Latham; "Human motivation" by Weiner; "Work and motivation" by Vroom; and "Self-determination theory and work motivation" by
Gagné and Deci The scientific works in foreign countries haveshown the concept of motivation, the origin of motivation, factorsaffecting motivation of people and workers On that basis, theypropose solutions to motivating each specific object This is avaluable resource, a premise for the author to study the theory of themotivation of political theory lecturers in military schools
1.1.2 The domestic works
Trang 6In the country, the studies on human and cadre motivationhave been started quite early, especially from 1986 to present.
Typically: "The issue of promoting and properly using the motivating role of people in the cause of socio-economic development" by Le Huu Tang; "The motivation of the intellectuals in the creative labour
in our country today" by Phan Thanh Khoi; "Creating job motivation for employees in the organization" by Nguyen Trang Thu; "Creating motivation for management employees in state-owned enterprises in Hanoi to 2020" by Vu Thi Uyen; "Motivating employees at state- owned economic groups in Vietnam" by Phan Minh Duc; "Improving the system of motivational tools for civil servants in state administrative agencies" by Nguyen Thi Phuong Lan; "Creating the motivation to strive and contribute to the current army cadres" by Pham Thanh Giang; "Promoting the social activism of our contingent
of cadres today" by Nguyen Van Tai These works have provided the
concept of motivation and factors affecting motivation of eachspecific object They have assessed the current situation ofmotivating and proposing solutions to motivate people and workers.This is an important scientific premise for the thesis’s author toinherit and study the theoretical research and proposed solutions toenhancing motivation of lecturers of political theory at militaryschools today
1.2 The works related to the motivation of lecturers and lecturers of political theory
1.2.1 The foreign works
There have been many studies on the motivation of university
lecturers abroad Typically: "Student psychological need satisfaction and college teacher - Course evaluations" by Filak and Sheldon;
"Organizational work and personal factors in employee turnover and absenteeism" by Porter and Steers; "Teacher motivation in Sub - Sahara Africa and South Asia" by Paul Bennell and colleagues;
"Teacher motivation in India" by Ramachandran and Shekar;
Trang 7"Teaching and researching motivation" by Dornyei; "Motivational issues for teacher in Higher education: A critical case of IUB" by Muhammad; "Teachers or organization?" by Menyhart The
scientific works of the foreign authors have unanimously affirmed:The driving force directly affects the performance of lecturers, thedevelopment of each country's education sector The scientific worksare unanimously affirmed: The motivation of lecturers in differentregions and countries is motivated in a close relationship with thefaculty's competence, beliefs and love of career The motivation oflecturers is influenced by several factors, both objective andsubjective These scientific works are seen as the foundations for thethesis author to absorb and fulfil the thesis’s tasks and objectives
1.2.2 The domestic research works
The issue of driving force, motivation, and activeness inteaching and research of lecturers and lecturers of political theory
in the country have been mentioned at different levels, typically:
"Researching teaching activism of university lecturers" by Nguyen Thi Tinh; "Factors affecting the working motivation of political theory lecturers at universities in Hanoi" by Nguyen Thuy Dung;
"Working motivation of lecturers in non-public universities in Vietnam" by Truong Duc Thao; "Enhancing the capacity of ideological - theoretical struggle of the contingent of social science lecturers at the current People's Army schools" by Nguyen Van Thuan; "Developing human resources for high- quality social sciences and humanities in the Vietnam People's Army academies" by Pham Thanh Giang; "Promoting the social activeness of the teaching staff in the current Vietnam People's Army Officers' school" by Nguyen Van Hoa; "Promoting the motivation of lecturers in improving the quality of training and scientific research at the current Political Academy" by Bui Ngoc
Quynh These scientific works have basically provided the
Trang 8concept of motivation and teachers’ motivation and pointed outthe factors affecting motivation, motivating lecturers, andassessing the current situation of motivation Simultaneously, theyhave proposed solutions to motivate, increase motivation forlecturers at some specific colleges and universities These arevaluable theoretical and practical bases, inherited and selected bythe author to study the motivation of lecturers of political theory atmilitary schools today.
1.3 Overview of the research results of the published works related to the thesis and the issues need addressing in the thesis
1.3.1 Overview of the research results of published works related to the thesis
Firstly, the theory on motivation of people, workers, lecturers, and lecturers of political theory.
The relevant research works, though in different directions,have basically given the concept of motivation in general andmotivated each field and each specific object with the scope andspace In general, there are 2 approaches to motivation: (1)Motivation is an element of internal strength, innate, innate,promoting human behaviour, towards achieving certain goals, (2)Motivation are factors derived from the satisfaction of needs andbenefits, which play a role in motivating people to be active, self-conscious, giving high quality and durable work They have pointedout the basic factors affecting the motivation and creating motivation
of each specific object
Secondly, the reality of motivation of people, workers, lecturers, and lecturers of political theory.
The research works assess the situation on different aspects.Thereby, pointing out the advantages and limitations on each issue, atthe same time giving the reasons for the advantages and limitations.The status of motivation is evaluated in the review works based onthe basic theoretical framework, based on specific manifestations:awareness, responsibility, attitude, and behaviour of people, officials,
Trang 9workers and lecturers The criteria for assessing motivation are alsovery diverse, especially with the work that has proactively built adynamic evaluation model, built a toolkit, a measurement of humandynamics on each specific aspect.
Thirdly, the solutions to creating and enhancing motivation of people, workers, lecturers and lecturers of political theory.
The solutions focus on ensuring benefits through salary policy;increase material and spiritual remuneration policies; building ademocratic, fair, open and transparent working environment; invest
in material facilities, equipment and facilities to ensure safety andefficiency in their works
The scientific works should have different approaches, content,scope, and subjects, so the results are not the same; each project hasits own nuance creating diversity in research The problem is related
to the motivation of people, workers, and lecturers This is animportant theoretical and practical premise for the second author toselect into the study "Motivation of lecturers of political theory atmilitary schools today" At the same time, it is also a basis foraffirming that, from a philosophical perspective, there is no direct,independent, intensive and systematic study of the motivation oflecturers of political theory at military schools today
1.3.2 The issues need addressing in the thesis
Based on the results of the published works related to thedissertation topic, the thesis presented three graduate issues that thethesis should focus on solving:
Firstly, the thesis focuses on building the concept of motivation and clarifies the basic factors that determine the motivation of political theory lecturers in military schools.
Secondly, the thesis focuses on researching and assessing the current situation of the motivation of lecturers of political theory at military schools.
Trang 10Thirdly, the thesis focuses on investigating and proposing a system of basic solutions to promoting motivation of lecturers of political theory at military schools today.
Conclusion of chapter 1
Until now, there have been a number of studies on motivation
in the country and in the world The basic research directions, suchas: basis for forming motivation; factors affecting motivation; impact
of motivation on work efficiency; roles and ways to form motivation.These studies have made certain contributions
From the general study of the relevant research situation, theresearcher identifies a number of issues that put the thesis to focus onsolving: constructing concepts, clarifying the basic factors thatdetermine motivation of lecturers of political theory at militaryschools; studying the motivational situation of lecturers of politicaltheory Simultaneously, the thesis proposes some basic solutions toenhancing motivation of lecturers of political theory at militaryschools today
Chapter 2 BASIC THEORETICAL ISSUES ON MOTIVATION OF LECTURERS OF POLITICAL THEORY AT MILITARY
SCHOOLS 2.1 The conceptions and characteristics of motivation of lecturers of political theory at military schools
2.1.1 The conception of motivation
In the field of natural sciences, motivation is mainly studied in
the fields of physical sciences and engineering sciences Accordingly,motivation is the energy that makes machines move That meansmotivation is understood as the forces that cause machines to move
In engineering science, dynamic research has an independentdiscipline - the dynamic field with the object and task research andspecialized characteristics
Trang 11In the field of social sciences and humanities, the term
motivation is approached according to different levels According tothe PhD student, there are three levels:
Level one: The most common level, motivation is the impetus,
makes development, is explained in association with the awarenessand resolution of conflicts, through the process of fighting betweenopposites Regarding the unity and struggle between two opposingsides, the interaction between those two sides in the same thing, thephenomenon is the origin, is the motive, which promotes the process
of movement, transformation and development of things, phenomena
in nature, society and ideology
Level two: Access to motivation in a specific field - the
social domain Motivation is associated with the role of socialactors and organizations On that basis, motivation is understood
as the impacts and stimuli of social entities and organizations,thereby creating social mobilization and development At differenttimes, the motivating role of each factor is different, historical andclass The subjects and organizations in society that play a role inpromoting social development are diverse and plentiful, such aspeople, people, outstanding individuals, leaders, organizations,economic sectors, culture, politics and society
Level three: Access to motivation at a specific level - human
motivation, associated with needs and interests Motivation is thefactors created by satisfying the objective needs with close interests,playing a role in promoting social activeness, promoting theactiveness of people and each specific organization Accordingly,personality factors motivate people to be positive, self-conscious,enthusiastic, hard-working, enthusiastic in work, factors that unitethem to each other, to the organizations for which they are a member,such as the need for economic benefits, material benefits; politicalinterests, spiritual benefits; conditions of material facilities, cultural
Trang 12environment, fairness, democracy, beliefs, traditions, and intellect.
Therefore, it can be concluded that: Motivation is the factors created
by satisfaction objective requirements with legitimate and close interests, motivating active, self-conscious and creative actors, thereby fulfilling operational objectives under a certain condition.
2.1.2 The conception of the motivation of lecturers of political theory at military schools
In the PhD student’s opinion: Lecturers of political theory at military schools are a part of Party cadres who have served in the
military for a long time, having special functions: propaganda,teaching, research, protection, developing the Party's ideologicalfoundation for learners at different historical periods Lecturers ofpolitical theory at military schools have some basic characteristics
as follow: (1) they are those with special social position andfunctions, wishing to be honoured and treated with benefits.plausible, close; (2) They are of various structure and age, withdifferent needs, interests and methods of satisfaction; (3) They arepassionate in perfecting their personality and assertingthemselves; (4) They possess freedom of thought and a desire forpedagogical working in a democratic environment
The role of lecturers of political theory at military schools is enormous:
Firstly, lecturers of political theory contribute to the formation,
consolidation and development of the worldview, scientificmethodology for students working in the military field
Secondly, lecturers of political theory at military schools
directly build and perfect the qualities, personalities and morals ofthe revolutionary soldiers, cultivate and develop in students the goodqualities of "Uncle Ho's soldiers";
Thirdly, lecturers of political theory in military schools are
directly fighting on the political front, ideology, culture, morality,protecting and developing the Party's ideological foundation
Trang 13From the conception of human motivation in general,considering the dynamics in relation to the professionalcharacteristics of lecturers of political theory at military schools,
graduate students concept: Motivation of the lecturers of political theory at military schools is the factor created by satisfying objective needs with legitimate and close interests, thus also the factors that stimulate and motivate them positively, self-discipline and creativity
in performing the tasks of teaching, scientific research and unit building in different historical phases.
The conception of motivation of lecturers of political theory atmilitary schools is understood in the following aspects
Firstly, the motivation of lecturers of political theory at
military schools is to satisfy legitimate needs and interests Due to thediversity and abundance of each subject, the needs and benefits ofeach lecturer of political theory at military schools are also verydiverse and plentiful The method of satisfying the needs andinterests of lecturers of political theory at military schools varieswidely, possibly by economic - material, political - spiritual benefitsand the harmonization of needs, benefits, between common interests
- private interests, immediate and long-term interests for lecturers ofpolitical theory at military schools
Second, motivation for lecturers of political theory at
military schools is the promotion of subjectivity, self-discipline,dynamism, creativity and subjective efforts Thereby, improvingthe capacity, professional qualifications, scientific knowledge,skills training, pedagogical methods, which motivates lecturers ofpolitical theory at military schools so as to better meet theincreasingly demands of the work
Thirdly, motivation of lecturers of political theory at military
schools is manifested through their perceptions, attitudes, behavioursand quality and efficiency of work In awareness: always actively
Trang 14aware of the goals, requirements and tasks to be directed; consciouslyreaching work goals; always aware of the need to find and makegood use of the conditions and facilities available, find ways andmethods to achieve the purpose of the job In attitude: positive andinterested in teaching In behaviour: teaching right, teaching enoughand exceeding the prescribed time, doing scientific research,exceeding assigned targets; always hard to research, collect andcollect documents to serve the task; positive, enthusiastic, passionateabout teaching students in class, actively learning and exchangingexperiences Motivation is also manifested by lecturers of politicaltheory’s quality and performance.
2.1.3 The characteristics of motivation of lecturers of political theory at military schools
First, motivation of lecturers of political theory at military schools
is to satisfy the objective needs of their social position with legitimate
interests, economic-material, and political-spiritual harmony.
Second, motivation of lecturers of political theory at military
schools is to satisfy the objective needs of freedom of thought with the
legitimate and close benefits of democracy in teaching and researching Thirdly, motivation of lecturers of political theory at military
schools is to satisfy the objective needs of intellectual development
and specialized talents with legitimate and close interests in training investment, fostering, layout and usage.
At different times, different contexts, different schoolsmanifest themselves and the degree of superiority to identify themotivational characteristics of lecturers of political theory is notthe same, historical - social and individuality However, thesatisfaction of the need for social status with legitimate and closebenefits such as economic - material, political - spiritualbenefits, through the regime of wages, promotions, promotions,
or housing is a cross-cutting, easily identifiable feature ofmotivation of lecturers of political theory at military schools