MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATIONLE TRUNG NGHIA PATRIOTIC ACTIVITIES OF VIETNAMESE PEOPLE IN FRANCE IN THE PERIOD 1945 - 1954 Specialized: Vietnam History
Trang 1MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
LE TRUNG NGHIA
PATRIOTIC ACTIVITIES OF VIETNAMESE PEOPLE
IN FRANCE IN THE PERIOD 1945 - 1954
Specialized: Vietnam History Code: 9.22.90.13
SUMMARY OF HISTORY THESIS
Ha Noi - 2020
Trang 2The thesis is completed at: Hanoi University of Education
Science instructor:
1 Assoc Prof, Ph.D Dao Tuan Thanh
2 Assoc Prof, Ph.D Phan Ngoc Huyen
Reviewer of science 1: Assoc Prof, Ph.D Tran Duc Cuong Reviewer of science 2 Assoc Prof, Ph.D Le Dinh Sy Reviewer of science 3: Assoc Prof, Ph.D Dam Thi Uyen
The thesis will be defended at Hanoi University of Education at ………
hour date month year
The thesis can be found at the library: National Library, Hanoi
or Library of Hanoi University of Education
Trang 3SCIENTIFIC WORKS
1 The activities of patriotic Vietnamese pupils and students in France (1945 1950)
-2 The patriotic activities of Vietnamese soldiers in France (1945 - 1949)
3 Patriotic movement of the Vietnamese community in France before 1930 and related to the work of overseas Vietnamese today
4 Patriotic activities of Vietnamese soldiers in France after the August Revolution and before the National Resistance (September 1945 - December 1946)
Trang 41 The reason to choose a topic
The resistance against the French colonialists (1945-1954) of the Vietnamesepeople ended successfully The experiences summarized from this resistance remainvalid In particular, people's warfare art, the whole people, comprehensive havespecial significance
The Communist Party of Indochina, the Government of the DemocraticRepublic of Vietnam and President Ho Chi Minh successfully built and implementedthe national unity block The great national unity also gathered the strength of thewhole Vietnamese community living far away from the country, including theVietnamese community in France
In the years of the resistance war against the French colonialists (1945-1954),although not directly involved in fighting, Vietnamese people in Franceenthusiastically participated in many revolutionary forms They have made veryspecific contributions to the victory of the resistance
Vietnam is in an innovation period The contributions of overseas Vietnamese
in general and Vietnamese people in France in particular are even more important
That's why I chose the topic "Patriotic activities of Vietnamese people in
France in the period 1945 - 1954" as the research direction for my thesis.
2 Subjects and scope of research
2.1 Research subjects
The research object of the thesis is the patriotic activity of Vietnamese people
in France in the period 1945 - 1954
2.2 Research limitation
- Space limitation: The thesis studies the problem within the space in France
In particular, the spatial scope is mainly in France - the place where the patrioticactivities of Vietnamese people in France take place
- Time limitation: The thesis studies patriotic activities of Vietnamese people
in France in the period 1945-1954
- Content limitation: The thesis studies positive contributions of theVietnamese community in France
Trang 53 Targets and missions of research
3.1 Target
The objective of the thesis is:
Clarify the role of the Vietnamese community in France for the resistance.Add an important content to the study of modern Vietnamese history and thestudy of the resistance against French colonialism
4 Methodology, research methods and resources
4.1 Methodology
The thesis is based on the following methodological bases:
Perspective of dialectical materialism and historical materialism of Leninism
Marxism-The views have the methodological significance of President Ho Chi Minh.Especially the thoughts about his great national unity and international solidarity
Revolutionary guidelines of the Communist Party of Vietnam in the period ofresistance war against French colonial aggression (1945 - 1954)
Trang 6- The author uses statistical methods and comparisons.
- The author uses the fieldwork method, especially interviewing historicalwitnesses
4.3 Resources
During the research process, the author exploited and used the following mainmaterials:
- Documentary sources stored at the archives in Vietnam and France
- The source of archives is shown in news articles in some French andVietnamese newspapers
- Data from the document "Ho Chi Minh full set" and "The document of thewhole Communist Party of Vietnam"
- Resources from books, scientific research projects, articles published innewspapers and magazines related to the thesis's research topic
- In addition, the thesis also uses the materials collected through field trips,interviews with historical witnesses
5 Contributions of the thesis
- Construct honestly a picture of the process of forming the Vietnamesecommunity in France
- Analyzing and evaluating patriotic activities and initially raising the role ofVietnamese in France for the resistance against French colonialism from 1945-1954
- The thesis contributes to clarifying the importance and close relationship ofFrance
- Research results of the topic are also a reference source for teaching modernVietnamese history
6 Structure of the thesis
In addition to the introduction, conclusions, references and appendices, thethesis has 4 chapters and 12 periods
Trang 7Chapter 1 RESEARCH OVERVIEW
1.1 Overview of research topic
1.1.1 The research works on overseas Vietnamese community.
There have been many authors studying the problem of overseas Vietnamese:The book "Overseas Vietnamese not only has overseas Vietnamese" by TranTrong Dang Dan published by the National Political Publishing House in 2005
The book "Overseas Vietnamese Laos - Thai with Tran Dinh Luu's homeland"published by the National Political Publishing House in 2004
Research project "Thai overseas Vietnamese in Thailand - Vietnamrelationship" by the authors: Trinh Dieu Thin, Thanyathip Sripana published bySocial Sciences Publishing House in 2006
Proceedings "Movement of patriotic overseas Vietnamese workers inCambodian rubber plantations: Reference books, internal circulation" by Bui TongHoang (editor) Book published by People's Army Publishing House in 2016
The book "Overseas Vietnamese" by Tran Trong Dang Dan published by theNational Political Publishing House in 1997
The doctoral dissertation "The process of renewing the Party's policies foroverseas Vietnamese from 1986 to 2009" by Tran Thi Vui
The doctoral thesis "Ho Chi Minh's great unity strategy was carried out duringthe resistance against French colonial aggression (1945-1954)" by Khuat Thi Hoa
1.1.2 The research works on the Vietnamese community in France
Author Tran Tu Nghia, former President of the Vietnam Association in France,has two works: "A century of the Vietnamese movement in France towards thecountry - A glimpse of" and "30 years with the Vietnam Association in France
"published by Young Publishing House in 2011
"Overseas and homeland" project is issued in 2006 by the Committee forOverseas Vietnamese in Ho Chi Minh City in collaboration with the YouthPublishing House
"The Vietnam Association of French in France for 90 years" of the VietnamAssociation in France, published by the National Political Publishing House in 2008
"The intellectuals of Viet Kieu follow the step of Uncle Ho in 1946" by ThanhDuc published by the Education Publishing House in 2015
Trang 8The book "The first step in understanding the overseas Vietnamesecommunity in France (1914-1946)", Labor Publishing House in 2002 by Nguyen VanKhoan.
In addition, Vietnamese people in France are also mentioned in a number ofresearch projects about the role of Ho Chi Minh in this historical period
The book "Journey of a warm boy in France (1940 - 1946)" by Le Huu Thopublished by Thanh Nghia Publisher in 2003
Graduate thesis of Jean - Marc Simon with the theme "The VietnameseCommunity and public opinion at Vaucluse on the issue of Indochina 1939-1975",defended at the University of Aix - en - Provence in 1986
The book "Soldiers O.N.S by Dang Van Long (1919 - 2001)" was published byLao Dong Publishing House in 1997 Dang Van Long is an overseas Vietnamese
The book "The soldier soldiers" (Travailleurs Indochinois requis) is a Vietnamese bilingual book by author Luguern Liem Khe
French-Before the creation of this work, Luguern Liem Khe had a master's thesis withthe topic "Indochina workers in France from 1939 to 1945" guided by Philippe Vigierand successfully defended at Paris X University in 1988 Later, in 2014, shecontinued to successfully defend the Doctoral Dissertation with the topic
"Indochinese Workers - Research on the status of immigration in the history-societyaspect" guided by Gérard Noiriel and defended success at EHESS Paris
In 2007, Luguern Lien Khe had an article "Anonymous Indochina workersduring World War II: No civilian or military" published in Le Mouvement socialMagazine, No 219 - 220
The book "French Indochina workers (1939 - 1952) a forgotten colonialhistory" by French author Pierre Daum translated by Tran Huu Khanh
Previously, author Pierre Daum had a series of articles related to this issue In
2012, there was the article "Indochinese workers participated in the struggle forindependence in Vietnam (1943 - 1952)" on Migrance Magazine, No 39 In 2013, hecontinued to have the article "When Dong Duong people watch Camargue "posted inthe Journal of Histoire No 8 In January 2014, he published the article" Relive amemory, Indochina workers in World War II "
1.2 Some comments on the situation of research topics
1.2.1 The problems have been clarified
Firstly, the research topics have clarified the formation of the Vietnamesecommunity in France at some levels
Trang 9Secondly, research topics have contributed to restoring the activities ofVietnamese people in France since this community formed until today.
Thirdly, the subjects have studied patriotic activities of Vietnamese people inFrance in the period before the resistance against French colonialism
Fourth, a number of topics have focused on studying a special part that is aVietnamese soldier in France
1.2.2 The thesis issues need to focus on research
First, the thesis needs a system of process of forming the Vietnamesecommunity in France since the first Vietnamese people appeared in France until
1954 Through that, the thesis shows changes of Vietnamese community in France inthis period and the objective and subjective reasons for those changes
Secondly, the thesis focuses on clarifying patriotic activities of the Vietnamesecommunity in France in the period 1945-1954
Thirdly, the thesis needs to clarify the role of different parts of the Vietnamesecommunity in France in the period 1945-1954
Fourth, the dissertation provides comments and assessments on patrioticactivities of Vietnamese people in France during the period 1945 - 1954 Thereby, thethesis confirms the contribution of this movement to the resistance War againstFrench colonialism of the nation in all areas On that basis, the thesis also points outthe advantages and limitations of patriotic activities of Vietnamese people in Franceduring the period 1945 - 1954
Trang 10Chapter 2 PROCESS OF FORMATION AND ACTIVITIES PATIENT OF VIETNAMESE PEOPLE IN FRANCE BEFORE PERIOD
NATIONAL RESISTANCE RESISTANCE 2.1 The formation of the Vietnamese community in France
2.1.1 Vietnamese community in France before 1930
Vietnamese people came to France very early but not until the early twentiethcentury, the Vietnamese community in France increased significantly The mainreason is that the difficult situation in France during World War I forced thegovernment of the country to recruit workers
According to journalist Pierre Daum, since 1914, the French government hasmobilized approximately 200,000 workers from the colonies, of which about 49,000are from Indochina
In 1918, the First World War ended, the majority of the soldiers and soldierswere repatriated The number of people staying in their careers is not very large,about 1,000 people
The number of Vietnamese in France changed from 1924 to 1929 According
to the French Police Department, as of January 1929, "there were 5,000 Indochinesepeople, divided into three main categories: 1,000 sailors, 1,265 cookers , 1,700students and high school students "
2.1.2 Vietnamese community in France from 1930 to 1945
The world economic crisis 1929-1933 caused many serious consequences forhumanity, in which the French economy suffered many serious losses Accordingly,
at factories and production facilities in France, workers and workers are much fired.Therefore, the number of Vietnamese in France during this period has changed
The report at the Sixth Congress of the French General Confederation onNovember 15, 1931, said that there were 20 thousand colonial workers on the Frenchworkers' market Of these, most are from Indochina In the following years, thenumber of Vietnamese people in France increased
In 1939, France joined the Second World War, so the demand for humanresources was set again
Regarding the mechanic, the document of "Indochina Workers" indicated thatfrom October 20, 1939 to June 6, 1940, there were 15 trains carrying 19,273 peoplefrom Indochina to Marseille
According to statistics, the number of intellectuals accounts for very few ofthe nearly 40,000 overseas Vietnamese in France in the 40s of the last century.Mostly Vietnamese in France are soldiers and soldiers to fight the war The number
of students almost did not want or could not go to France for many reasons:
Trang 11economic, transportation, war, policies for soldiers, soldiers of the FrenchGovernment
2.2 Some organizations and activities of Vietnamese people in France before 1945
2.2.1 Some organizations
The first organization of Vietnamese people in France is the cordial Council.This association was born on January 18, 1912, founded by lawyer Phan Van Truongand served as President This organization has the purpose of mutual support, in order
to foster patriotism for overseas Vietnamese Thinking with him, Phan Chau Trinh,who came to France in 1911, was also thinking
In late 1917, from England, Nguyen Tat Thanh, later Nguyen Ai Quoc, came
to France and participated in patriotic activities in the Vietnamese community Theappearance of Nguyen Ai Quoc has made all activities of Vietnamese people inFrance change in a positive direction
Nguyen Ai Quoc and Phan Van Truong and Phan Chau Trinh founded theAssociation of Patriotic Vietnamese, which was formerly a patriotic group ofAnnamese people in mid-1919 If the beloved compatriots were officially born, thenthe Association of Patriotic Vietnamese is an unofficial organization The policy ofthe Association is to mobilize people to unite against the regime of oppressing theFrench colonialists, enlist the support and support of the French people and thepeople of the countries, including ethnic groups, to seek independence freedom andunification for the Vietnamese nation In the list of leaders, Nguyen Ai Quoc served
as a secretary
Although nominally, Phan Chau Trinh and Phan Van Truong were leaders ofthe Association, but in fact, that role belonged to Nguyen Ai Quoc
In 1919, Nguyen Ai Quoc and Phan Chau Trinh and Phan Van Truong drafted
an eight-point version of An Nam's people book to the Versailles Conference, under abook signed by Nguyen Ai Quoc
In 1921, the Association of Patriotic Vietnamese, together with some Africans(Madagascar) advocated to rejoin into a society, named the Social Group of colonialpeople
In June 1921, the Colonial Research Department was established Among theparticipants were Nguyen Ai Quoc and some overseas Vietnamese
In the above organizations, there is a notable association that Nguyen Ai Quoc
is also one of the founders, the Union of Colonial Nations, which was established onJune 26, 1921 This is not only an organization of Vietnamese people in France butalso of other French colonial people here With the efforts of the Association'sExecutive Committee, especially Nguyen Ai Quoc, on April 1, 1922, Le Paria