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On July 16th, 1979, Paul Watson and his crew were on his ship, which is called the Sea Shepherd.. The captain and the crew of the Sierra did not obbey any of the international laws that

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Exercise 1

ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISTS

Paul Watson is an environmental activist He is a man who believes that he must do something, not just talk about doing something Paul believes in protecting endangered animals, and he protects them

in controversial ways Some people think that Watson is a hero and admire him very much Other people think that he is a criminal

On July 16th, 1979, Paul Watson and his crew were on his ship, which is called the Sea Shepherd However, they had a strange prey, instead of hunting for animals, their prey was a ship, the Sierra The Sea Shepherd found the Sierra, ran into it and sank it As a result, the Sierra never returned to the sea The Sea Shepherd, on the other hand, returned to its home in Canada Paul Watson and his worked thought that they had been successful

The Sierra had been a whaling ship, which had operated illegally The captain and the crew of the Sierra did not obbey any of the international laws that restrict whaling Instead, they killed as many

whales as they could, quickly cut off the meat, and froze it Later, they sold the whale meat in

countries where it is eaten

Paul Watson tried to persuade the international whaling commission to stop the Sierra However, the commission did very little, and Paul became impatient He decided to stop the Sierra and whaling ships

in any way that he could He offered to pay $25,000 to any one who sank any illegal whaling ship, and

he sank the Sierra He acted because he believed that he whales must be protected Still, he acted without the approval of the government; therefore, his action controversial

Paul Watson is not the only environmental activist Other men and women are also fighting to protect the Earth Like Paul Watson, they do not always have the approval of their governments, and like Watson, they have become impatient Yet, because of their concern for the environment, they will act

to protect it

Question 1: According to the reading, environmental activist is someone who _

A run into whaling ships

B does something to protect the Earth

C talks about protecting endangered species

D is a hero, like Paul Watson

Question 2: When something is controversial, _

A everyone agrees with it

B everyone disagrees with it

C people have different ideas about it

D the people protect it

Question 3: The members of a ship’s crew are _

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A the men and women who work on the ship

B the people who work on the airplanes

C all of the people on a ship, including the passengers

D The people who own the ship

Question 4: The main idea of paragraph 1 is that _

A Paul Watson is a hero to some people

B Activists are people who do something

C Paul Watson is a controversial environmental activist

D Paul Watson does not believe in talking

Question 5: The Sea Shepherd was hunting _

A The Atlantic Ocean

B Whales

C the Sierra

D Portugal

Question 6: The author implies that Paul Watson lives in _

A Portugal

B A ship on the Atlantic

C The Sierra

D Canada

Question 7: The captain and the crew of the Sierra were acting illegally because _

A they were not obeying international laws

B they were whaling

C they were killing and selling whales

D All of the above are correct

Question 8: In paragraph 3, the phrase “and frozen it” refers to _

A whale meat

B the Sierra

C whales

D the Sierra crew

Question 9: The main idea of paragraph 3 is that _

A the Sierra sold whale meat in some countries

B the people on the Sierra didn’t obey international laws

C the people on the Sierra killed as many whales as they could

D Whaling is illegal according to international laws

Question 10: Watson ran into the Sierra because _

A he wanted to stop the ship’s crew from whaling

B he was impatient with the government’s actions

C he wanted to protect the whales from the illegal hunters

D All of the above are correct

Exercise 2

Tsunami is a Japanese word which means harbour wave and is used as the scientific term for seismic sea wave generated by an undersea earthquake or possibly an undersea landslide or volcanic eruption When the ocean floor is tilted or offset during an earthquake, a set of waves is created similar

to the concentric waves generated by an object dropped into the water Most tsunamis originate along

the Ring of Fire, a zone of volcanoes and seismic activity, 32,500 km long that encircles the Pacific Ocean Since 1819, about 40 tsunamis have struck the Hawaiian Islands

A tsunami can have wavelengths, or widths, of 100 to 200 km, and may travel hundreds of kilometers across the deep ocean, reaching speeds of about 725 to 800 kilometres an hour Upon entering shallow coastal waters, the wave, which may have been only about half a metre high out at sea, suddenly grows rapidly When the wave reaches the shore, it may be 15 m high or more Tsunamis have tremendous energy because of the great volume of water affected They are capable of obliterating coastal settlements

Tsunamis should not be confused with storm surges, which are domes of water that rise underneath hurricanes or cyclones and cause extensive coastal flooding when the storms reach land Storm surges are particularly devastating if they occur at high tide A cyclone and accompanying storm surge skilled an estimated 500,000 people in Bangladesh in 1970 The tsunami which struck south and southeast Asia in late 2004 killed over 200 thousand people

Question 11 Scientifically, tsunami is the term for

A seismic sea wave B undersea earthquake

C undersea landslide D volcanic eruption

Question 12 What does the word “concentric” mean?

A Wavy B Having many centers

C Having a common centre D A ring

Question 13 Which of the following may be a reason for a tsunami?

A An inactive volcano B A landslide on the seashore

C An undersea earthquake D A storm

Question 14 What will happen when an object is dropped into the water?

A Volcaic eruption may be a consequence

B Some concentric waves will be generated

C There will be seismic activity

D Earthquake may happen

Question 15 What is the zone of volcanoes and seismic activity in the world called?

A The concentric wave B The tsunami

C The Pacific Ocean D The Ring of Fire

Question 16 What is the greatest speed of tsunami traveling across the deep-ocean?

A 200 kilometres an hour B 700 kilometres an hour

C 800 kilometres an hour D 150 000 kilometres an hour

Question 17 How high is the wave of the tsunami when it reaches the shore?

A 100 meters B 200 meters C Half a metre D Fifteen meters

Question 18 How are tsunamis capable of obliterating coastal settlements?

A They have tremendous energy due to the great volume of water affercted

B They are a metre high or more

C They travel hundreds of kilometers

D They can strike the shore fifteen metres high

Question 19 What killed an estimated 500,000 people in Bangladesh?

A A tsunami

B A cyclone and accompanying storm surge

C A high tide

D Flooding

Question 20 Which of the following is NOT true?

A Tsunamis only occur in Asia

B A cyclone along with storm surge happened in Asia in 1970

C Storm surges are domes of water rising underneath hurricanes or cyclones

D Storm surges cause extensive coastal flooding

Exercise 3

Because of the severe drought which has continued this year, water rationing will go into effect on Monday Lawns cannot be watered with automatic sprinklers; driveways, porches, and decks cannot be hosed down You may water by hand, but only on even-numbered days Cars can be washed on Wednesdays only The city has hired a new drought patrol crew, which will be looking for offenders

If you are caught, there will be a $50 fine for the first offence and a $100 line for the second offence

We realize that this is strict but the drought has affected LIS dramatically We ask your cooperation in conserving water

Besides the drought rules, we ask that you be prudent in your household water use Turn off the faucet while you brush your teeth Take short showers, you might even consider turning off the water

as you soap up Don't wash dishes under running water, and when you wash your clothes, save the final rinse water to begin your next load Let's all work together to save our community's water

Question 21 What is the main problem the speaker is referring to?

Question 22 What should people do on Monday?

Question 23 If you have a lawn, what are your rules?

A Use the sprinkler on Mon - Fri B Water by hand

Question 24 What will the drought patrol crew do?

Question 25 What does the speaker suggest?

C Reusing washing machine water D Taking baths instead of showers

Exercise 4

Today I’d like to begin a discussion on the problem of the heating up the earth First we’ll touch

on the relationship between fluorocarbons and the ozone layer You probably remember that the ozone layer is the protective shield around the earth It is important to all life, because it filters out harmful ultraviolet light from the sun Ozone itself, a form of oxygen, is regularly made by the action of the sun

in the upper atmosphere It is also regularly destroyed by natural chemical processes

The problem now is that too much of the ozone layer is being destroyed Scientists suspect that certain chemicals, such as fluorocarbons, are contributing to the depletion of the ozone layer And how

do we use fluorocarbons? The most common uses are in spray cans and cooling systems The chemical pollution from these fluorocarbons can account for some of the ozone losses that have been reported There are, however, new studies linking the sun itself to the depletion of the ozone layer We’ll go into that new study more next time

Question 26 Who is the most likely speaker?

A A doctor B A mechanic C A professor D A chemist

Question 27 What is the speaker’s main topic?

C Air - conditioning systems D Fluorocarbons and the ozone layer

Question 28 What is the most important purpose of the ozone layer?

A Providing fluorocarbons B Shielding the sun

Question 29 What is the ozone layer made of?

A Fluorocarbons B Oxygen C Shields D Ultraviolet light

Question 30 What will the speaker probably discuss next?

A How to make air conditioners with fluorocarbons

B Harmful effects of ultraviolet light

C The makeup of the ozone layer

D The sun as a cause of ozone layer depletion