Đảng cộng sản chủ thể quản lý xã hội trong điều kiện cơ chế thị trường ở nước ta hiện nay

ra mdt each van lac nhu sau: Chiing la phai ap dung phucmg phap Taylor va nang cao nang suat lao dpng theo kieu khoa hoc ciia ngudi My irong ca nudc Nga, ket hgp phucmg phap ay vai viec

DAI HOC QUOC GIA H.A NOI TRl/ONG OAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN V A N

• TS N"uven Ham (iia : Kiioa Triet hoc

- NCS Dinh Huru Phi : Van phong Chmh phii

1 • : ; • M ' ' '•!'." ••' i '

Tl ijh';MT!i:!i;,;:^'^ ' H U V K ^

HA XOI, N(iAY THA.\(; NAM 2()()()

MUC LUC

Trang

LCJIM6DAU 1

1 Tinh cap thifit cua d^ tai 1

2 Tinh hinh nghifin curu 2

3 Muc dich va nhiem vu cua di tai 2

4 Ca sa ly luan va phuang phap nghien cuu 2

5 Y nghla ly luan va thuc tien 3

6 Ke't cau cua di tai 3

PHAN N O I DUNG

Chuang 1 : KHAI LUAN VE QUAN LY 4

1.1 Khai niem quan ly 4

1.2 Quan ly xa h6i- khai niem va cac cSp b6 13

Chtfome 2 : VAI TRO CUA DANG CONG SAN V6l TLT CACH LA

CHU THg QUAN LY XA HOI TRONG QUA TRINH CHUYDN

SANG CO CH^THj TRl/ONG 6 HUdC TA HI$N NAY 20

2.1 Dac trung cua qua trinh chuye^n sang ca che'ihi trucmg

a nuacta 20 2.2 Chu the^ quan ly xa h6i duoi su lanh dao cua Dang a nuac ta

hien nay 34 2.3 Tinh ta't ye'u dac trung n6i dung va phuong thuc lanh dao cua

Dang c6ng san a nuac ta hien nay 46 Chuang 3 : NANG CAO VAI TRO VA HIEU QUA LANH DAO CUA

DANG TRONG DIEU KIEN HI$N NAY 0 HUdC TA 68

3.1 Cac ye'u to' anh hudng de'n vai tro va hieu qua lanh dao

cua Dang 68 3.2 Nhung noi dung ca ban nham nang cao vai tro va hieu qua

lanh dao cua Dang d nuac ta hien nay

KET LUAN: SO TAI LIEU THAM KHAO : S2

L 6 I Md DAU

1 Tinh cap thiet ciia de tai :

Xa hoi la moi cong d6ng nguoi duac quan ly va lu quan ly a nuoc la

nhieu chu ihe iham gia ihuc hien lac dong quan ly len xa hoi hinh ihanh he ihong quan ly xa hc)i Trong dieu kien chuyen sang ca che ihi iruong, vai iro

va sir tham gia ihuc hien quan ly xa hoi ciia cac chii the quan ly co sir khac nhau ve mat so lugng va chat luang linh chai, quy mo va phucmg ihuc ciia quan ly - sir phat trien ciia xa hoi Viel Nam la nhirng qua irinh dugc tao ra bang ket qua long hgp ciia cac tac dpng quan ly ciia nhieu chii the Irong do Dang cong san la mgi irong nhirng chii the dong vai iro quyet dinh

Dang c(")ng san Viel Nam, vai iU each la moi lire lugng, chinh Iri, lanh

dao cac qua irinh phai irien xa hgi do do, la chii the chii yeu ciia quan ly xa hpi Trong \ai iro chii the quan ly xa hpi Dang cong san vach ra ducmg loi chien luge phai irien xa hpi, dal ra muc lieu cho moi giai doan phat Irien va de

ra phucmg phap ihuc hien cac muc lieu ay Su lanh dao ciia Dang cong san cc') nc)i dung ccv ban la lao ra va bao dam sir phoi hgp cac cc) gang chung ihong nhal, thanh mc)i sue manh tong hc;tp huong vao viec xay dung xa hpi, xa hoi

chii nghla d nudc la

Vd] y nghla do de lai " Ddng cong sdn - chu the qudn ly xd hoi trong dieu kien co che thi tru&ng a nuac ta hien nay " la mpi de tai co y nghTa cap

thiel \e Iv luan xa ihuc lien dac biel khi cac ihe luc ihij dich dan^ n^av canu dung mpi am muu \'a ihii doan de phii nhan vai iro lanh dao ciia Dang cc)ng san \'iei Nam

2 Tinh hinh nghien cuu :

CcS nhieu cong trinh nghien cuu lien quan toi de lai:

- Chii nghla xa hpi va quan ly cua N4ac co - Mai cop

- Ly luan chung ve quan ly cua K P6 - Pop

- Nhung ca sa khoa hpc va ly luan ve quan ly Nha nudc xa hpi

chii nghla

Nhirng cc)ng trinh dc') da giai quxci nhung \'an de ly luan chung ve quan

Iv xa lipi Nhimg dac irimg ciia cac chii ihe quan Iv Ucmg chii nghla xa hoi

6 trong nuc'rc nhieu ccmg trinh de cap ic^i cac van de ve hoai dpng va vai irc) ciia Dang cc)ng san cV nuc^c la hien nay:

- Su lanh dao va hoai dc')ng ciia Dang irong dieu kien ccr che thi irucmg cua NguySn Phu Trcmg

- Sir lanh dao ciia Dang irong moi sc") ilnh vuc irong yeu ciia dc^i sc'ing xa hc)i ciia Le Van Ly (chii bien)

- Vai Irc) lanh dao ciia Dang cone san tronj^ ccmg cong cuoc ddi mai dal nuctc ciia Nguy6n Trpng Phiic.v.v

Nhung cong trinh nay da de cap iai nhieu khfa canh khac nhau wi tfnh

lat yeu, muc lieu, noi dung, phuang thuc lanh dao ciia Dang Irong mdi quan

he vc'^i he thc'ing chinh tri ciia nudc la hien nay

Tuy nhien cac cc)ng irlnh dc5 chua di sau vao viec luan giai Dang cong

san vc'^i lu each la mc)l chii the quan ly xa hoi dud] gdc do khoa hoc quan ly

-V 3 Muc dich va nhiem vy cua de tai :

Tren ca scV khoa hpc quan ly de lai nham lam ro dac irung, vi irf, vai iro chuc nang ciia Dang cong san \'d\ tu each la chii the quan ly Irong dieu kien hien nay d nudc l a v

De dal dugc muc dich iren, de lai thuc hien cac nhiem vu sau:

/ ^ Lam re*) khai niem quan ly xa hpi va chi ra he thcmg chii the quan ly

xa hpi hien nay d nudc la dudi su lanh dao cua Dang cc^ng san

- Vach ra tfnh lai yeu, dac irung, n()i dung va phucmg ihuc lanh dao ciia Daniz cc')ng san

- Dua ra cac giai phap nham nang cao xai iro va hieu qua lanh dao ciia Dang trong giai doan hien nay d nucSc la y '

4 Co sd ly luan va phuong phap nghien cuu :

De tai dugc thuc hien tren ca sd ly luan chii nghTa duy vai lich sir ciia chii nghla Mac - Lenin, tu ludng Ho Chf Minh ve id chuc va xay dung Dang

va cac van kien cua Dang cong san Viel Nam qua cac ky dai hpi va cac hoi nghi trung Ucmg ve cucmg Ilnh dudng lc)i phai Irien kinh le -xa hpi ciia dal nUc'^c

De lai sir dung phuang phap luan duy vai bien chung va duy vai lich

su, ket hgp cac phuang phap logfc- lich su phucmg phap idng hc;p phan tfch.v.v de liep can van de lien quan

5 Y nghia ly luan va thirc tien :

- De Idl gc)p phan lam ro ve mat ly luan van de quan ly xa hc)i va quan

ly xa hoi d \'\c\ Nam

- Vach ra dau irung noi dung, phucmg ihuc lanh dao ciia Dang til do g('^)p

phan lam co sd cho vice xac dinh chuc nang lanh dao ciia Dang irong dieu kien cc^ che ihi irucmg a nudc la hien nay

- Lam lai lieu giang day chuyen de cho sinh vien chuyen nganh quan ly

xa h()i va lai lieu iham khao cho nhirng nguoi quan lam den van de lien quan

6 Ket cau cua de tai

Ngoai phan md dau, kei luan va danh muc tai lieu tham khao de lai bao gdm ba chuang bay liel

Chuong 1: Khai niem ve quan ly

1.1: Khai mem quan l\

1.2: Quan ly xa hgi: khai niem ve cac cap d()

ChuanH 2: Nai tro cua Dang cong san \Q\ tu each la chu the quan ly xa

hoi trong qua trinh chuyen sang co che ihi trudng d nudc ta hien nay

2.1: Dac trung ciia qua irinh chuyen sang ca che thi imcmg d nuc'ifc la

2.2: Qiii the quan ly xa hc)i duci^i su lanh dao ciia Dang cV nudc la

hien nay 2.3: Ti'nh laT yeu dac liimg, n()i dung va phUcmg ihuc lanh dao ciia Dang

cong san d nudc la hien na\'

Chuong 3: Nang cao vai tro va hieu qua lanh dao ciia Dang trong dieu

kien hien nay d nudc ta

3.1: Cac yeu id anh hucVng den vai iro \'a hieu qua lanh dao ciia Dang

3.2: Nhung nc^i dung ca ban nham nang cao vai Ird va hieu qua lanh dao ciia Dane d nudc la hien na}'

CHUONG 1

KHAI LUAN VE QUAN LY

1.1 KHAI NIEM QUAN LY

1.1.L Sa lirgc cac quan niem khac nhau ve quan ly

Quan ly la mgi khai niem bao chua n()i dung rc)ng km do vay cd nhieu each tiep can va each hieu khac nhau

Thai cd dai, d Trung Qudc, nhimg tu tudng quan ly chua tach khdi he thdng quan di^m Triet hgc, chinh tri hgc va dao due hgc - Quan ly trong thdi

ky nay dugc xem xel duc3d gdc do vT mo : dd la cong viec tri nuac cua cac ong Vua Quan ly ddng nha't vdi cai tri - quan ly la tac dgng mot chieu, ngi dung, muc lieu va phuang thuc luy thugc vao y chf cua chu lhe\

Mac Tu (480 - 420) cho rSng : Cong viec ciia Dai nhan (nguai cai tri) chi la d cho lap hcjfp dugc nhieu ngudi hien Quan ly hay cai tri, nhu vay, duc;c hieu la ccmg viec ciia mot sd fl ngudi, ngi dung ciia nd chi la cV viec diing ngudi Mac Tii* de cao nhimg gia iri lu do, binh dang lu nhien ciia con ngucVi Nguyen nhan cua ilnh ti'ang loan lac, ngheo ddi la do chien Iranh, do ke giau

de nen, xuc pham ngudi ngheo, do sd fl ndm quyen lire cudp bdc sd dc)ng vc) quyen, do ke yeu hen bi bgn gian le ap buc lira dao va do ke cai iri khong xel

xu cong minh va tham lam dpc ac De khac phuc linh Irang do, Mac Tu dua ra thuyet "kiem ai": nghTa la ''mpi ngudi nen yen thucmg nhau" de ciing hudng lc;i Dd la quan diem ciia mpi ngudi dung tren lap irucmg ciia tang IcTp lieu ihii ccmg mang mau sac khong tucmg

Lao Tu (cung thdi khdng tu) vdi chii truang ihiel lap mot xa hpi binh yen vc^i mc)l qudc gia nhd be, dan fl, hien lanh, chat phat, khdng can hpc van, khcmg can binh khf, khong can phuang lien di lai Mudn vay theo Lao Tu phai thuc hien chfnh sach "Vo vi" nghTa la ngudi nSm quyen phai Ichiem nhudng, khcmg nen diing bao lire ma dung "dao" de cam hda dan chiing Vdi Lao Tir

"Vd vi nhi bat vd vi" tuc la phai thuc thi diing dao

Khdng Tu (551-479 TCN) chu truang xay dung mot xa hdi phong kien

cd tcm ti Iral tu, lay "Tam cucmg", "ngu Ihudng" lam nen lang De cci duc;c xa hpi nhu vay, ngudi cai tri phai dimg "due tri": mpi phuang phap cai tri dijng lai due ciia chfnh nha cai tri lam guang de giao hda dan, khien hp noi theo Khcmg Tu cho rang "lam chfnh tri ma diing due (de cam hda dan) thf nhu sao Bac d^u d m ()l noi ma cac ngdi sao khac hucmg ve ca"^" Vi vay ngudi cai Iri phai cd day dii nhan trf dung va phai lu- le- iri - binh

Han Phi Tu (280-233 TCN) cd quan niem dc)i lap vdi Khdng Tu Theo dng ban tfnh cua con ngudi la ac va vi lgi la tranh gianh nhau gay ra loan lac, hdn dgn Vi vay khdng the cai tri hg bang dao due, bang nhan nghTa ma phai bang sue manh ve quyen lire, sir dung the - thuSl - phap de khuat phuc mgi ngudi cd nhu vay xa hdi mdi dugc duy trl va phat trien

Nhu vay bdn dai bieu bang cac each liep can khac nhau ve quan ly:

"kiem ai", "vd vi", "due tri", "phap tri" da gdp phan lao nen su da dang vao kho lang tri thuc ve quan ly ciia nhan loai Nhung tu tudng dd mang gia tri lau ben va cd lac ddm: anh hucmi: ldi niiax' na\'

Vuc;n qua dem irudng irung cci, sang thdi can, hien dai khi phucmg thuc san xual tu ban dugc xac lap, cm dinh va phai trien, d Phucmg Tay hang loal hgc thuyet quan ly ra ddi, quan ly dugc xem xel ca dudi do vT md va vT md, ca trong ITnh vuc kinh le va Iron*: cac loai hinh id chuc xa hdi khac

F.W.Taylor (1856-1915) dugc coi la cha de eua thuyet "quan ly theo khoa hgc" Ong la ngudi dal nen mcmg ho sir ra ddi cua khoa hgc quan ly.Taylor dinh nghTa: "quan ly la biel dugc chfnh xac dieu ban mudn ngudi khac lam va sau dd khien dugc hp hoan thanh cdng viec mdi each lot nhal va

re nhal"

V.I.Lenin danh gia cao ihuyel quan ly ciia Taylor va cho rSng nucvc Nga cd the van dung nd irong edng cuc)c xay dung chii nghTa xa hpi "Nhiem

vu ma nudc cdng hoa xa hdi chii nghia xd vie! se phai giai quyel, cd the neu

'" Niiuven Hien Lc: Luan n^iii Nxb Van IKV Ha N o\ n.un 1995 ii

ra mdt each van lac nhu sau: Chiing la phai ap dung phucmg phap Taylor va nang cao nang suat lao dpng theo kieu khoa hoc ciia ngudi My irong ca nudc

Nga, ket hgp phucmg phap ay vai viec giam h&i thdi gian lao dgng, vai viec sii*

dung nhiing phuang phap san xuat va td chuc lao dpng mdfi ma khdng gay ra mc)l thiel hai nao ddi vc^i sue lao ddng ciia nhan dan lao dc)ng" "

Mar>' Parker PoUetl (1863 - 1933) cd each nliin khac vdi Taylor va Payol khi cho r^ng: quan ly khdng chi la van de ky thual ma la van de ve mdi quan he con ngudi, la "nghe thual khien cho cdng viec ciia ban duc;c thuc hien thc)ng qua ngudi khac" Nghe thuat quan ly dugc van dung trcmg viec giai quyel mau thuSn giua chii the va khach the quan ly, trcmg viec ra menh lenh

va quyel dinh quan ly va dac biel de hoan thanh muc lieu ciia id chuc ngudi quan ly phai y thuc dugc mdi quan he giira quyln han va trach nhiem giiia quyen luc va tham quyen, phat huy va khai day trach nhiem luy tfch, lay "qui

luat hoan canh" lam ca sd cho nghe thuat quan ly.Nhung ddng gdp ciia Pollei

mang mdt y nghTa vugt trudc thdi dai Song nhirng quan niem ciia ba mang tfnh duy tam, khdng tudng bieu hien cua mdt con nguai cd lam long ddn hau

C.I, Barnard (1886 - 1961) bang hgc thuc uyen bac, vc^i kinh nghiem ciia mot ccm ngucti lao luyen va mcM the gicn quan nhan van da liep can quan

ly dUcVi gdc do ly thuyet he thcmg Ong cho rang: "quan ly khdng phai la ccmg viec ciia id chuc ma ma la cdng viec chuyen mdn nham duy iri id chuc Dieu can ban cho sir tdn lai ciia td chuc la sir san sang hgp lac, kha nang thdng lin

va su thiia nhan muc dfch chung"*^\ Ly ihuyel ve td chuc ciia Barnard da dua den mot each tiep can khoa hgc ve quan ly Dd la each liep can loan dien, xem xel cac van de trcmg mdi lien he, tac ddng qua lai lan nhau va nhd dd mang lai

"tfnh trgi" ciia he thcmg Nhung quan niem cua Barnard ve cac yeu id ca ban cua id chuc, ve qua U-inh ra quyel dinh, ve cac nguyen lac id chuc ve cac klifa canh ciia id chuc chfnh ihuc ve he thdng chuc vi va ve dao due ciia nguc^i lanh dao la nhiing dcing gc)p lo Ic'm cho kho lang Iri thuc ve quan ly ciia nhan loai

"' \M, Lenin:Toan tap Nxb uen b6 Matxcma 1978, ihi irucrng 174

'•'Cac hoc iluiyct quan ly - Nxb clu'nli m quoc »;ia Ha NOi 1996 - Tr: 1()S

Peter Drucke - la nha tu tudng quan ly tieu bieu ciia "lan sdng ihu ba" cho rang: "quan ly la mot chuc nang xa hgi vdi nhung he gia in nc)i dung, phucmg phap bien ddi khdng ngirng"'^' Ong chia quan ly gdm : quan ly mdi doanh nghiep, quan ly cac nha quan ly va quan ly cdng nhan, ccmg viec -Nhirng loai quan ly nay cd dac irung khac nhau va mang lai nhiing he gia in nha'l dinh - quan niem ciia P Drucke gdp phan mang lai each nhin nhan quan

ly d nhirng tang bac khac nhau Tir dd cd the thay dugc khiem khuyet ciia cac irudng phai quan ly cd dien

Qua nghien cuu mot each sa luge nhirng quan niem khac nhau ve quan

ly, chiing ta thay rang: Nhung tu tudng ve quan ly la su phan anh, thirc lien trcmg nhung giai doan lich sir nhal dinh - dong thdi nhirng tu tudng ve quan ly chiu sir chi phdi cua quan niem xual phat ve ban chat ciia con ngudi ciia cac nha quan ly Trong sir phat trien eiia nhirng tu tucmg quan ly chiing cd tfnh ke thiia Tu tucmg quan ly hel sue da dang, phong phii, chiing cd nhung uu diem, nhuge diem nhat dinh - song theo lien Uinh lich sir nhan thirc cua nhan loai iri thuc ve quan ly dan tiep can tcifi ban chat ciia van de

1.1.2 Noi dung khai niem quan ly

Tir nhiing each hieu khac nhau ve quan ly, chiing la cd the nil ra nhiing ncM dun^ ca ban ciia khai niem quan Iv ma nhiini: ndi dung nav la mane ifnh phd quat nd the hien ban chat ciia quan ly

Quan ly la hoat dgng mang tinh khach quan ve phd bien Dieu dd

the hien d chd: quan Iv la mdi dan^: hoai ddne Ircmg vd lucmt: hoat dcm^: ciia con ngudi Nd lat yeu nay sinh khi cd su tham gia hoat dgng va lao dgng ciia nhieu ngudi Chung la biel rang: con ngudi ngay tir budi binh minh ciia lich sir

da biet ket hgp vdi nhau thanh nhirng nhdm, nhiing cdng ddng de lao nen sue manh nham chdng thien nhien va thii du de duy tri sir tdn lai ciia minh, Ciang vc'yi sir xuat hien nhirng cdng ddng ngudi va xa hdi loai ngudi ihi mgi nhu cau lat yeu cQng dugc hinh thanh dd la quan ly Cac Mac cho rang: "lat ca mpi lao

' " r s iVi MniliC'uan^ - Nliun^ van (ic vC* qi:aii 1\ khat hoc con^! n*:hc N\h C'hmii in (^uoc ^i.; 199N n ^

r

dong xa hgi hay lao dgng chung nao tien hanh tren quy md tuang ddi ldn thi ft nhieu cQng can den mot sir chi dao de dieu hda nhirng hoat ddng ca nhan va thuc hien nhirng chiic nang phat sinh tir su van ddng ciia loan bc) ca the khac vai sir van dgng cua khf quan dgc lap cua nd Mot ngudi ddc tau vT cam tu minh dieu khien lay minh, cdn mdt dan nhac thi can phai cd nhac trucmg"^"'

Nhu vay, con ngudi khdng the ldn lai mgi each biel lap, tach khdi cdng ddng Con ngudi chi tdn tai thdng qua hoat dgng Qua hoat ddng, con ngudi cd nhirng quan he vc7i tu nhien va vdi ngudi khac, khi con ngudi cimg tham gia hoat dgng thi ta't yeu phai cd mot "y chf dieu khien" tiic tat yeu phai cd quan

ly Mat khac do nhu cau chi phdi ma hoat dgng cua con ngudi hel sue da dang

va phong phii, do vay nd tham gia vao vo lugng cac quan he va thiel lap nen nhieu the che Cho nen quan ly khong chi tdn tai d mot loai hinh td chiic nhal dinh ma xua't hien d mgi loai hinh td chiic

Quan ly la hoat dpng bleu hien thong qua mdi quan he tac dong giura con ngudi vdi con ngudi Dd la mdi quan he giira chu the quan ly va

khach the quan ly

Chu the quan ly la mdt ngudi, mot nhdm ngudi hay mdt td chiic ngudi (luy vao tfnh chat muc tieu va quy md cua khach the quan ly) cd quyen luc nhal dinh va bang y thiic va quyen lire dua ra nhimg tac ddng quan ly (id chiic, dieu chinh, kiem tra vdi nhirng cdng cu quan ly) hudng tc^i khach the quan ly de phdi hgp cac hoat dgng rieng le nham thuc hien muc lieu cua chii the va muc tieu td chiic

Khach the quan ly la mdt nhdm ngudi, mdt cong ddng ngudi hay loan

bd xa hdi Ngudi cd kha nang tu van ddng, he dieu chinh va la ben liep nhan nhimg tac ddng quan ly tu phfa chu the, chuyen chiing thanh nhirng hanh vi hoat dgng an khc?p nhip nhang nham thuc hien muc lieu chung ciia id chuc

Chii the va khach the quan ly cd nhimg nhu cau, lgi fch, ccmg cu va phuang lien de dal muc tieu ma chiing cd the ddi lap, khac biel hay ihcine nhal

-' Ma\-F Anghen lain lap lap 23, Nxb CTC^"^ Ha NOi 199.3 ir: 480

vc^i nhau tuy thudc vao dieu kien kinh le xa hcTi nhal dinh - Tfnh chai ciia quan he nay quyet dinh den hieu qua hoai dc)ng ciia cac td chiic

Chii the va khach the quan ly cd tac ddng qua lai bien chiing, do vay sir phan biet giira chiing chi cd y nghTa tuang ddi Ban than mdi quan he nay cd rat nhieu tang, bac khac nhau tao nen linh da dang, phong phii ciia hoat ddng quan ly

Thuc chat ciia quan ly la nham hudng tdi thirc hien muc tieu chung

Vi vay quan ly la dang hoat dgng nham phc)i hgp nhirng hoat ddng rieng le thanh nhimg hoat dgng chung, phd'i hgp nhirng luc nhd, rieng biet thanh mdi luc de tao nen siic manh mdi cho timg ca nhan va ca cdng ddng ma nhd dd hieu qua ciia hoat ddng dugc nang cao vcVi mdt chat lucmg mcifi - cho nen quan

ly la mot dang hoat ddng gian tiep, hoat dgng idng hgp, la mot dang lao dc)ng dac biet: "lao dgng ve lao dgng" hay "sieu lao ddng"

Dang lao dong dac biet nay dugc thirc hien nhu mot quy trinh thdng nha't dd la: Lap ke hoach, id chiic, dieu khien, phdi hgp va kiem tra Dd

la nhiing chiic nang ca ban, phd bien va cd linh bat budc chung dc)'i vdi mgi chii the quan ly d mgi Igai hinh id chiic DT nhien tiiy thudc vao timg lang, bac quan ly ciia chii the\ ifnh chat , muc lieu va quy md ciia td chiic ma nhimg chiic nang dd duc;c thuc thi, mdi each cu the phii hgp vcri nhiing dieu kien hoan canh nhal djnh

Lap ke hoach dugc coi la chiic nang lien quyet va khdng the thieu cua

quy trinh quan ly Nd the hien ban chat cua con ngudi la chu the hoat ddng cd

y thiic Ngi dung ca ban ciia lap ke hc^ach la du dinh inidc phai lam gi (muc tieu) lam nhu the nao (phuang thiic hoat ddng) ai lam (td chiic, phan cdng, phan nhiem) va khi nao lam (gic^ han thdi gian) Hat nhan cua lap ke hoach la xay dung cac quyet dinh quan ly Day la cdng cu dac biel de lac dc>ng tc^fi khach the quan ly

Td chuc la cdng viec nham irien khai thuc hien ke hoach - iren ca sd

thiel ke bc) may phan chia cac bc) phan lao nen mc)l ca cau chii dinh ve \'ai lid

nhiem vu va quyen han nhat dinh, td chiic la chuan bi tat ca cac ngudn vat lire

va nhan lire lam ca sd cho viec thuc hien muc tieu da de ra

Dieu khien la chiic nang de khai day cac hoai ddng cac hoat ddng ciia

td chiic hudng nd di diing muc tieu da de ra Thdng qua dieu khien de tao ra mdt mdi trudng lam thiic day sir tien bd, lam cho sir thdng nhal, tfnh sang lao

va tinh than trach nhiem, y thiic ky lual ciia timg thanh vien tung bc) phan chiem uu the

Phdi hgp la chiic nang gdn ket cac hoat dgng cua mot ca cau id chiic

thanh mot chinh th^, thanh mot hgp luc thdng nhat Dd la su ket hgp hgp ly

va tdi uu giira nguon nhan lire vc3ri vSt luc, giira nhan lire vai nhan luc; giira

ngudi quan ly va ngudi bi quan ly, giira ngudi quan ly va ngudi bi quan ly va

giira ngudi bi quan Iy \d\ nhau nham tao ra siic manh ldn nhat gdp phan hoan

thanh muc lieu vdi hieu qua cao nha't

Kiem tra la qua trinh do ludng ket qua hoat dgng cua toan bg td chiic

tren ca sd nhirng tieu chuan da dugc xac lap tir dd phat hien ra nhiing sai lam

va sai lech nhim dua ra tac dgng chinh gdp phan quan trgng dua td chiic hoat dgng diing muc tieu da lira chgn

Quy trinh quan ly dd the hien cdng viec quan ly la mot nghe nghiep cd tfnh chuyen nghiep ma mudn thuc hien tdt ddi hdi phai cd kei hgp giira yeu id khoa hgc va yeu td nghe thuaL

Tinh khoa hoc va nghe thuat cua hoat dong quan ly bieu hien d chd:

quan ly khdng chi bang kinh nghien hay y mucm chii quan ciia ngudi quan ly

Dd la mot qua trinh chu the quan ly nhan thiic quy luat khach quan cua su

phat trien xa hc)i, nhimg yeu td lgi ich chi phdi hoat ddng ccm ngudi, nhirng lac dc)ng ciia cac yeu td mdi trudng (chinh trj, phap luaL, dao diic, van hda ) ddi vdi hoat ddng quan ly Tat ca nhirng dieu dd ndi len ring quan ly phai dua vao

ca sd khc")a hcK - cdn viec thuc thi nhirng hoat ddng quan ly tixmg thuc lien phai cd tfnh nghe thuat, cd nghTa la ddi hdi chu the phai nhay ben, nang ddng, sans: tao ti'oni^ nhims hoat ddni> ciia minh

y

Quan ly la mot qua trmh co xu hudng vuan tdi tir quan Do la qua

trinh chii the quan ly dan khac phuc linh trang chii quan hda trong vice dua ra cac tac dc)ng quan ly ciia minh, khach the quan ly cung khac phuc tinh trang chii quan hda sir tiep nhan cac tac dc)ng ciia chii the Tir dd hucmg ic'n khach quan hda tir ca hai phia chii - khach the trong nhimg hoai ddng ciia minh de

cimg dal ic'yi muc lieu chung Khi ma giira chu the va khach the' thiet lap duac

sir thcmg nhal ve lgi fch thi liic dd se khdng cdn ai de ma quan ly, hoai dc)ng quan ly dugc thay the bdi tu quan DT nhien dd la qua trinh lau dai ma con ngudi phai hudng tdi Song trong hien thuc nhirng dau hieu tu quan da xual hien, quan ly va tu quan la hai mat cua mot mau thuan bien chiing vira thdng nha't vira dc)i lap nhau Vi vay ma viec giai quyel mau thuan la mdt trong nhimg nhan id cua sir phat trien lich su xa hc)i loai nguai

Tir nhimg ndi dung da trinh bay d iren, chiing la cd the nil ra quan niem

chung ve quan ly: quan ly la hoat dong thiet yeu nay sinh khi con ngudi tham gia hoat dpng tap the^ la su tac dpng qua lai giura chu the quan ly va khach the quan ly theo mot quy trmh nh^m thuc hjen muc tieu chung trong nhung dieu kien kinh te' - xa hpi nhat djnh

Dd la quan niem phan anh nhirng dac diem ca ban cua boat ddng quan

ly d mgi loai hinh id chiic, mgi ca'p do lang, nac quan ly va d mgi giai doan

Ijch su

1.1.3 Phan loai quan ly:

Quan ly khdng phai la mdt khai njem chung chung iriru lUcmg - mac du

nd bao chiiamdl ngi dung rgng 1cm va phong phii - quan ly dugc bieu hien d nhimg ITnh vuc, pham vi va ndi dung xac dinh Vi vay tuy thudc vao gdc dp liep can va lieu chf khac nhau ma ngudi ta cd the phan ra nhieu dang quan ly khac nhau

Dua vao quy md, tfnh chat va muc tieu id chiic, cd the phan quan ly thanh cac dang: quan ly vT md \'a quan ly vi md

Quan ly vT md la quan ly nhirng td chiic Icm cd pham vi r()ng chu the quan ly va khach the quan ly tdn tai d nhieu tang, bac khac nhau dc ihuc hicn nhieu muc tieu, nhieu nhiem vu dam bao cho sir tdn lai va phat trien cua chinh the he thdng

Quan ly vi md la quan ly nhirng id chiic cu the cd quy md va pham vi xac, chii the quan ly va khach the quan ly c(') fl la^ng bac va ihuc hien nhirng muc lieu cu the

Dua vao dc)i tucmg ciia quan ly cd the phan ra cac dang quan ly: quan ly

gic'Tfi vd ca, quan ly gic':fi hiru ca, quan ly vat tu - ky thual, quan ly ccm nguc^i,

xa hdi

Quan ly con ngudi- xa hgi cd the phan theo hai gdc dc):

Can ciif vao cac dang hoat ddng cua con ngudi hay cac ITnh vuc ciia de'n sdng xa hdi cd the phan ra cac dang: quan ly kinh le, quan ly van hda dan lc)c tdn giao, khoa hgc.v.v

Can cii vao chii the irong viec tham gia vao quan ly cd the phan ra cac dang: quan ly Nha nuc'tc, quan ly hanh chfnh quan ly xa hdi

Quan ly Nha nudc la sir quan ly ma chii the la be") may Nha nudc Dd la

sir lac dc)ng cd y thiic va bang quyen lire ciia bd may Nha nudc ddi vdi cac hanh vi, hoat ddng cua ccm ngudi va cac qua trinh xa hc)i nham duy iri va phai trien xa hdi theo muc lieu da xac djnh

Quan ly hanh chfnh la sir quan ly ma chu the ciia nd la co quan hanh

phap hay Chi'nh phii Dd la sir tac dc)ng cd y thiic \'a diing ihalm quyen ciia ca quan hanh phap nham id chuc va dieu chinh nhirng hanh vi va hoai ddng hanh chfnh ciia cac ca nhan cac td chiic cac ca quan nham thiet lap iral lu dn dinh

ciia xa hdi trong qua liTnh thuc hien muc lieu da dugc xac lap

Quan ly xa hdi la sir quan ly ma chu the la mdi he thcmg g(')m nhieu chii

the iham gia \'ao \'iec quan ly Dd la sir lac ddng do con ngudi thuc hien nham

id chiic va dieu chinh hanh vi va hoat ddng cua con ngudi hucmg id] muc lieu

chun^i Ircmii nhihiiz iziai doan lich sir nhat dinh

Nhu vay cd nhieu dang quan ly kliac nhau, su phan chia dt) chi cd \

nghia tucmg deii nhung lai hel sire can thiel Thdng qua su phan loai de ihay rang mc')'i quan he giirachii the vdi chii the quan ly giiia chii the vdt khach the quan ly la nhirng mc)'i quan he hel siic da dang va phong phii, cd nhieu lang

bac de lir dd xac lap ca cau quan ly hgp ly trong thuc lien,

1.2 QUAN LY XA HOI: KHAI NIEM VA CAC CAP DO

2.2.1 Khai niem

Quan ly ton lai d nhieu dang khac nhau vdi nhirng cap dc) va tang bac

khac nhau, nhung xet den ciing quan ly la bieu hien mdi quan he lac dc)ng giira con ngudi vc'^i con ngudi Quan ly la quan ly hanh vi va hoai dc)ng ciia con ngudi: quan ly xa hdi ngudi

Nhu chung la da biel, quan ly la chiic nang ciia bat ky he ihcmg cd id chiic nao, nham bao ve tfnh quy dinh ve chat ciia he thdng, duy tri sir can bang dgng cua he thdng vcii mdi trudng va phat trien he thcmg

Quan ly xa hc)i khac can ban vc^i quan ly irong cac co' the sdng va ihiel

bj vat tu ky thual Xa hdi la mdt ca'u triic phiic hgp gdm nhirng qua trinh vat chat va linh than quan Iy xa hdi la mc)l dang dac biel ciia hoat con ngudi

Quan ly xa hc*)i la nhiing tac dc")ng do con ngudi ihuc hicn nham id chiic

va dieu chinh hanh vi va hoai dc)ng ciia nhirng con ngudi khac nhau, phdi h(rp nhihm cd cant: rieniz le ciia time ncudi, timu cdm: ddm: n^udi thanh mdi cd i^am: chum: huc'mg vao viec thuc hien muc lieu ciia xa hdi trone nhirne dieu kien lich su nhal djnh

Tat ca cac tac ddng qua lai trong xa hdi xel den ciing cd the coi nhu la lac ddng qua lai giira chii the va khach the quan ly - chii the va khach the ciia quan ly xa hdi cd ca'u iriic bao gdm nhieu lang nac khac nhau:

Qiii the quan ly xa hdi cd the la nhimg thiel che va id chiic xa hc)i hoac

la nhung lap the, hoac la nhiing ca nhan Nhmig xel den cimg ihi qu\'eT dinh quan ly trong ihuc le la do cac ca nhan dc ra \'i \'a\' d()i hdi chii ihc quan Iv

13

phai cd tri thirc sau sac va toan dien ve nhiing thuc)c ifnh trang thai va phucmg huc'mg hcjat dc)ng ciia khach the quan ly

Khach the quan ly xa hpi duc7i bat ky hinh thirc nao va cap nao cung deu la nhirng ccm ngucti: La lap the hay ca nhan rieng re cd pham chai ngudi tucmg ling: cd y thiic lai nang, cd kha nang dua ra nhirng quyel djnh va thuc thi quyet djnh Dieu dd phan anh tfnh quy lual can ban cua tai ca cac qua irinh

xa hdi De thuc hien bat ky qua trinh xa hc)i nao cung phai dugc "ngudi hoa" uic la phai the hien thdng qua hanh dgng cua nhirng con ngudi cu the

Chu the va khach the quan ly xa hgi la nhirng khai niem tucmg dc)'i vi sir Uic ddng giira chiing ludn tuan theo nhiing nguyen tac lien he phan hdi Do vay cai trong mdi quan he Uic dgng nay dugc coi la chii the', lai la khach the

trong mCn quan he khac Ngay trong ca cau chu the tuy vao tung tang bac nhal

dinh ma nd cung lao thanh nhimg phan he cao thap khac nhau: chii the cV tang tha'p la khach the ciia chu the tang cao Tham chf trong sir lac dc)ng qua lai, trong khudn khd cua ciing mdt mc)i quan he chii the cung bj quan ly tir khach the, khach the trong irudng hcrp nay dc'mg vai trd la chii the quan ly

Quan ly xa hgi la sir bieu hien kha nang ma xa hgi cd the sir dung de id chiic va dieu chinh cuc)c sdng ciia minh- Quan ly khdng phai la mot cai gi dd nam tren xa hdi, ben ngoai con ngudi Nd la sir bieu hien mdi cha't lucmg nhal dinh ciia xa hdi ma con nqudi tao ra duac Ircmi^ nhims:: trjai doan lich sir xac djnh- Khac vdi ITnh \arc tu nhien xa hdi chi cd the phat trien nhd y thiic ciia ccm ngucn Con ngucn nhan thiic tu nhien, giai thfch ve nd va hinh ihanh cac ke hoach de tac dc)ng vao tu nhien Nhung con nguoi khdng the chinh phuc dugc the gic^i mdt each dan ddc Nhd cd y thiic, con ngudi biel lien ket vdi nhau, hinh thanh len nhime quan he xa hdi de thuc hien nhimc loi fch ciia minh -

J 1 o

Bdi vay quan ly xa hdi chfnh la sir bie'u hien nang luc ciia con ngudi trong viec

td chirc va dieu chinh cac quan he xa hgi mdt each cd y thiic dudi nhieu hinh thiic Id chiic khac nhau: id chuc Nha nuck, id chiic Danc> va cac id chdc xa hdi khac

Quan 1\ xa hc)i duoc bieu hien o nhirng lau ddng c(') y ihii \'a bang quyen luc len cac qua Irinh xa hdi len nhan ihuc cua con ngUc^i, n(') hud^ moi nguc:ri phai suy nghT va hanh ddng theo muc lieu nhal dinh da duoc vach ra \'i va\' quan Iv xa hdi chi tdn lai khi y chf ciia chii the! duoc bi6u hien ironi: cac hanh ddng cu the Iam xual hien mdi hinh thuc Id chiic mc'ti irong quan he xa hdi va dan den nhirng kei qua cai lao nao do irong xa hdi

Nhirng lac ddng cd id chiic dieu chinh ddi v()! nhOrng hanh vi va hoai

d()ng cua con nguc)'i irong quan ly xa hdi khac ve chai so \'d\ cac dang lac

dc;)ng khac De hucmg con ngudi theo nhirng muc dich da lua chon chu the quan ly phai sir dung hanh loal phucmg lien va cdng cu dac biel Dd la he ihdng chinh sach xa h()i, lual phap, cac nguyen lac quyel dinh quan ly \'.v Tu\' vao cac che dc') xa hc)i nhal djnh ma bc) cdng cu nay cd nhirng dac tfnh va tfnh chat tucmg img Quan ly xa hc)i bao gid cung la chiic nang quyen luc xa hc)i, nen trong xa hc)i cd giai cap, nd la chiic nang ciia quyen luc chfnh tri

.quyen lUc Nha nudc va do dd quan he quan ly trong xa hdi cc') giai cap hao

'ilia cune mam: ifnh eiai can

Nhung lac ddng Id chiic dieu chinh ddi \d\ hanh vi \'a hoai ddng xa hdi

ciia con ngUcti irong quan ly xa hc)i xel den cung la nham dieu chinh nhirng quan he loi fch ciia hp Con ngudi hoai ddng de ihuc hien loi fch cua minh nhung Icti fch la dang quan he bien chiing irong dd chua dung ca mc')i quan he ddi lap va thcmg nhal Muc lieu ciia quan ly xa h()i la dieu chinh hanh \'i va hoai dc)ng ciia con ngudi de hucmg Ic^i thuc hien len fch chung.V] va}' quan ly

xa hdi d nhimi: iziai doan lich sir khac nhau.vdi ban chat ciia che dd xa hdi

o o

khac nhau va vc3'i cac cap dd khac nhau la khdm: hoan loan ^idnu nhau vc muc dfch, ndi dung va phucmg ihiic ciia nd

L2-2 Cac cap dp ciia quan ly xa hpi

Xa ht")i la mdt cc")ng ddng cac ca the ngudi duoc Id chiic ihco nhung each ihuc nhal dinh \'i \'a\' luy ihudc \'ao cac each ihuc id chi'rc dc') ma cc') nhirng cap d(]) Liuan ly lUcmg iing

15

Tuy lhu()c vao each tiep can cac khai niem xa hdi iheo nghTa rong ha\ nghTa hep, luy ihudc vao gdc dd xem xel theo lich su fLich dai) hay ihco cau triic (Ddng dai) ma cd the phan ra nhirng cap dd quan !y khac nhau

Ducjfi gdc dc) xem xel xa hdi la mdt chinh the mdt bd phanciia gidi tu nhien - la xa hdi loai ngudi thi quan ly xa hc)i la bao gdm mc)l pham vi rdng

Ic'm Dd la nhirng tac ddng td chiic va dieu chinh hanh vi va hoai ddng cua con ngucyi xel c'rpham vi toan the gidi Ciing \d\ lien trinh phat trien ciia xa hdi loai

ngucyi thi nhu cau quan ly xa hc)i cV cap dc) rdng Ic'm nay cung ngay cang tang

Dac biel dc)i vdi th^n dai ngay nay su xual hien cua nhieu id chuc qudc le

chumg id vai trd ciia quan ly loan cau la khdng the thieu duc^fc cho su ton lai va phai trien ciia tat ca cac quc)'c gia trong chinh the the gic'^i,

Quan ly loan cau ductc hieu hien d nhieu cap dd ciia nd: chii the ciia nd

la nhirng td chiic va lien minh qudc te (Lien hiep quc)c UNESCO, UNISEF ) vdi su tham gia dai dien ciia cac quc'ic gia nham giai quyel nhirng van de chung ma khdng mdt quc)C gia nao lach rieng ra cd the dam nhiem ductc Dd

la nhirng van de ve mdi trucmg, dan sd, chien iranh hai nhan va can benh the

ky Xu hucmg hoa binh, hoa hcrp, hgp tac dang la xu hucmg phai trien lal yeu ciia thcti dai niza\' nav Vi vaN' quan Iv xa hdi xel dudi udc dd la quan Iv xa hdi loai ni:udi la mdi lal veu

o •>

Dudi udc dd xem xel xa hdi la xa hdi ircmu nhCme eiai doan nhal irien

ljch sir nha'l djnh, lire la cac hinh thai kinh le-xa hc")i ihi quan ly xa hdi la quan

ly nhirng hinh thai xa hgi nhal djnh: quan ly xa hc)i ihi ldc be) lac, quan ly xa hc)i nd le, phcmg kien, tu ban, xa hdi xa hdi chii nghTa Mdi mdt loai hinh quan

ly dd ngoai linh quy lual cua quan ly xa hdi ndi chung, chiing cd nhirng bieu

hien dac thii Bdi vi xet den cimg quan ly chiu su chi phcii ciia phucmg thuc san

xual Dieu dd ducic Lenin khang djnh: klidng phai quan ly quyel djnh dac diem, linh chat ciia phucmg thirc ma ngugc lai chinh phucmg ihiic san xual quyei dinh nhirng dac diem va linh chai ciia quan ly

Duc'ri gdc dc) xem xel xa hc)i la mdi xa hdi cu ihc ihi quan ly xa hdi la

uuan Iv mdi nUc'vc, mdi qudc uia, mdi dan ldc Xa hdi ihco nehia na\' la mdi co

the hoan chinh, xa hdi phat irien nhu mdt he thcmg ma nhirng yeu id cua n(') (cac ITnh vuc xa hdi) ludn cV trang thai lac ddng qua lai vdi nhau Vi vay su

quan Iy xa hdi cung mang linh he thdng phiic hap Quan ly la mdi lal yeu ben

trcmg dc)i vc'n loan bc) he thcmg xa hdi cung nhu dc)i vc'ti mdi ITnh vuc ciia nd

Quan ly xa hdi vc'ti tu each la mdi chinh the la su lac ddng mdi each c(') mue dich hay tu phai vao cac yeu td ciia xa hc)i nhu la mc)l he ihcing hoan chinh, de cho he thdng van hanh mot each cd td chiic va tdi uu

Cac nguyen tac quan ly xa hdi thay ddi tuy theo linh chat ciia che do xa hgi, hinh thiic cua quyen lire Nha nudc Tuy nhien trong ljch su, it khi thay nhirng nguyen tac quan ly ciing hay mem d dang "thuan tuy" Su quan ly trcmg cac he thdng xa hgi thudng ket hgp ca hai loai nguyen tac ay theo each nay hay each khac

Mat khac xa hdi ton lai thdng qua cac yeu id ciia nd NgUcti la cd the phan chia cac ITnh vuc ciia ddi sc'mg xa hdi thanh: LTnh vuc kinh le, chfnh tri, van hoa, khoa hgc, tdn giao, an ninh, qucic phdng vv Mdi mdi ITnh vuc bao

gc)m nhirng nhdm hoat dc)ng dugc hap thanh nhirng quan he va lao len cac the

che xac djnh Quan ly xa hgi la quan ly nhirng hoat ddng dd, nhirng quan he

dd va nhirng the che dd Hay dd la quan ly d nhumg ITnh vuc cu the ciia ngucti dieu chinh xa hc)i

0 Viet Nam, quan ly xa hdi la qua trinh lac ddng mang tfnh id chiic,

dieu chinh va bang phap quyen ciia Nha nudc va ciia cac chii the quan ly khac

len nhimg hanh vi va hoai dc)ng ciia con nguc'ti va cac qua Irinh xa hc)i nham duy tri va phat trien xa hc)i theo muc lieu ciia chii nghTa xa hdi

Co cau quan ly xa hdi d Viel Nam hien nay dugc hcrp thanh bdi 3 yeu id

CO' ban

Thii nha't: Muc dfch cua quan ly la hucmg ldi xay dung mdt xa hc)i "dan

giau, nudc manh, xa hc)i cdng bang va van minh" Dd la ket qua ciia mdt qua

trinh nhan thiic quy Iuat van ddng ciia xa hdi, ciia chii the quan ly, lao len ductc sir thcmg nhal giira chii quan ciia chii the quan ly (Dang, Nha nudc cac

td chuc xa hdi khac ) vai sir tdn tai khach quan ciia khach the quan ly Bdi

vay nd vira la muc dfch cua chu the quan ly vira la muc dfch ciia khach the quan ly Mot quyet dinh quan ly dugc coi la diing dan la mdt quyel dinh trong dd, dat dugc sir thdng nhat ve muc dfch giira chii the quan ly va khach the quan ly Ngugc lai neu khdng cd sir thcing nhal ve muc dfch giua hai ben chii the va khach the thi cac lac dc)ng quan ly se khdng dua lai hieu qua

Thu" hai: quyel djnh quan ly

Quyel dinh quan ly la sir bieu thj y chf ciia chii the quan ly (Dang Nha

nuctc, cac id chiirc xa hgi) nham thuc hien muc dfch quan ly U nudc la, giiia

chil the va khach the quan ly, cd mdi lien he chat che vc^i nhau, cho nen cac quyel djnh quan ly khdng nhirng bieu hien y chf ciia Nha nudc ma cdn bieu hien y chf chung cua toan xa hgi Phap luat do ca quan Nha nude ban hanh, tlie la y chf ciia chu the quan ly Nhung phap lual cdn la sir bieu hien y chf chung cua loan xa hdi

Thu ba: hinh thirc va nc)i dung ciia quan Iy xa hc")i:

0 nuc'tc cung nhu irong chu nghTa xa hc)i, chii the quan ly xa hdi ngoai Nha nucte ra, cdn cd Dang cdng san va cac id churc xa hdi khac Dang cc)ng san va cac id chiirc xa hc)i ciing lien hanh cac hoai ddng lac ddng len qua trinh

xa hpi Nhung do vj tri va chiic nang khac nhau, nen hinh thiic tac ddng quan

ly ciia cac chii the cungkhac nhau Phap lual khdng chi the hien ciia y chf Nha nuc'tc ma phap Iuat cdn phan anh nhu cau lgi fch ciia Dang va cac td chiic xa hdi Tuy nhien, phap lual trudc het, la mdt hinh thiic dac thii bieu hien y chi

ciia Nha nuctc Bdi vay cac quyel djnh quan ly ciia Nha nudc la nhirng tac ddng quan ly bieu hien dudi hinh thiic Nha nudc phap quyen va la can cii phan

biel su khac nhau giira chii the quan ly Nha nuc'tc vdi cac chii the quan ly kliac Ndi dung ciia quan Iy la chung, la gicmg nhau cho cac chii the quan ly khac nhau Ndi each khac de thuc hien dugc muc dfch quan ly ciia minh, cac chii the quan ly cd the de ra cho minh nhieu cdng vice, nhieu nhiem vu de dal muc lieu Nliung trcmg khi thuc hien cac quyel djnh quan ly ay mdi mdi chii the

quan iy do bi gic'ti han vi trf va chufc nang cua minh nen cd cac hinh ihiic lac ddng quan ly khac nhau

Nhu vay Dang cdng san Viel Nam la mc)l trcmg nhirng chii the quan ly

xa hc)i ciia nudc ta Dang thuc hien vai trd ciia chii the quan ly thdng qua sir

lanhdao d6\ vc'ti cac chii the quan ly khac \'a vc'ti khach the quan ly la loan

xa hc)i,

Chiing ta thay rang dudi gdc do khoa hgc quan ly, lanh dao va quan ly

la nhirng khai niem vira ddng nha'l lai vira cd sir khac biel, Lanh dao la hinh thiic quan ly cao nhal, chung nhal la hai nhan, la ngcm den pha ciia quan ly

Nd dugc the hien trong ducmg ldi, chi'nh sach ciia Dang cc)ng san Lanh dao quyel djnh phucmg hucVng chung ciia su phai irien, vach ra muc tieu chien luctc ciia loan xa hdi Lanh dao la sir the hien vai trd ciia giai cap thcmg tri ma cV nuc'tc la la giai cap vd san ma dc)i lien phong ciia nd la Dang cdng san Viet Nam

Sir khac biel giira lanh dao va quan ly la d chd: neu lanh dao iruc'tc hei la sir hoat ddng cd tfnh chat chii quan, trong dd yeu ic) sang lao giOr vai ird quan tnmg thi viec quan ly lai cd the ca gidi hoa, tu dc)ng hoa d miic dc) nhal dinh (ducmg nhien khdng loai trir tfnh sang lao)

Trong pham vi de lai na}', khai niem lanh dao dugc hieu iheo nghTa iren, lu'c la lanh dao la hinh liic quan ly cao nhal chung nhal - Nd la mc)i hinh ihiic dac thu ciia quan ly

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/

CHUONG 2:

VAI TRO CUA DANG CONG SAN Vdl TlT CACH

LA CHU THE QUAN LYXA HOI TRONG QUA TRINH

CHUYEN SANG CO CHE THI T R U O N G

6 NUdc TA HIEN NAY

*

2,1 DAC TRUNG CUA QUA TRJNH CHUYEN SANG CO CHE THj TRl/ONG 6 NUOC TA

2.1.1 Qua trinh chuyen sang kinh te thi trudng d nudc ta

Cdng cuc)c ddi mdi dal nucTfc, chuyen xa hdi lir mdt nen kinh te tap trung, quan lieu bao cap sang nen kinh le hang hda nhieu thanh phan van hanh theo ca che thj trucmg, cd sir quan ly ciia Nha nucic theo djnh huc'mg xa

hdi chii nghTa d nudc la la mdt qua trinh day khd khan phiic tap, trai qua nhieu

giai doan khac nhau, ma chiing ta thudng la'y mdc bang cac hgi nghj, cac van kien, cac nghj quyel ciia Dang

Hgi nghj Trung ucmg lan thii 6 khda r\^ thang 8 1979 la moc danh dau

su khdi dau cdng cudc ddi mdi ca che quan ly d nude la Hdi nghi phe phan

nghiem khac linh trang tap trung quan lieu bao cap, bao thii trong xay dung ke hoach, chfnh sach; met rdng quyen tu chii trong san xual kinh doanh; chi rd lieu chuan cao nhal de danh gia chi'nh sach la lang nang suat lao ddng nang cao ddi sdng nhan dan, phai irien san xual, ket hgp diing dan cac loi fch Trong dd chii trgng mat Iran ndng nghiep, lieu ihii cdng nghiep, cdng nghiep hang lieu diing va hang xuat khau; sir dung kinh le tu nhan ca the trcmg nhirng ITnh vuc can thiet, khuyen khfch manh me kinh le gia dinh, chu trgng md rc)ng san xual va luu thdng hang hc5a Nhu vay, lan dau lien Dang la dua ra quan diem chap nhan kinh le hang hc5a, kinh te nhieu thanh phan duc^i hinh ihiic nhirng chu liircmg nhu "bd ngan sdng cam cho', "cho san xual bung ra" Tir quan diem mc^i ciia Dang Nha nuc'tc da ban hanh nhieu the che chi'nh sach

de kliuycn kliich phat tnen san xual

Dai hdi Dang loan qudc lan thii V nam 1982 da khac phuc mdi huc'tc crt che hanh chfnh quan lieu bao cap, ddi hdi ke hoach phai quan triet nguyen lac hach toan kirJi te, kinh doanh xa hgi chii nghTa

Nam 1986 Dai hgi loan qudc lan thii' VI cua Dang da khang djnh quyel tam chien luge ddi mcii eua Dang, chuyen nen kinh le "cdn nhieu tfnh chai tu cung tu cap" sang nen kinh le hang hcTa nhieu thanh phan

Sau Dai hc)i VI ciia Dang, Nha nuc'tc ban hanh va thuc hien hang loal chfnh sach va bien phap mc^i, the che hda bang cac van ban phap lual nhu :

- Nghj djnh 217/HDBT, thang 10.1987, md rdng quyen tu chii san xual

va tu chil tai chfnh cho cac doanh nghiep Nha nudc:

- Thuc hien chfnh sach nhieu thanh phan kinh te khuyen khfch khu vuc kinh le tu nhan, bao dam quyen tu do kinh doanh cho cac doanh nghiep lu nhan va cdng dan Viet Nam, khdng han che ve vein dau tu, sd lucmg lao ddng, ITnh vuc san xual; thuc hien khoan 10, xay dung lual doanh nghiep tu nhan, lual cdng ly

- Thuc hien ect che gia thi irudnq deii vdi hau hel hang hda dich vu irir mdi sd mat hang thiel yeu

- Tien hanh phan dinh chiic nang he thdng ngan hang Nha nuc'tc va ngan hang kinh doanh; ap dung ti gia linh hoat cd sir dieu liet ciia Nha nuc'tc ket hcrp vcii dieu liel cung - cau, md rdng thj trudng ngoai le gdp phan day lui va kiem che lam phat;

- Ddi mcii mdt budc ral ca ban he thcmg thue (thue xual nhap khau, ihue

doanh thu, thue lgi liic, thue lieu thu dac biel, thue ihu nhap ), budc dau lu do hda lien cdng, lien lucmg trong ndng nghiep, khu \irc lu nhan va phan nao ircmg doanh nghiep Nha nucic (thu nliap theo hieu qua san xual kinh doanhj , xual phat tir nhan djnh ciia Dai hdi VI ciia Dang "ca che tap trung quan lieu bao cap ve cO ban chua bj xda bd, ca che mcti chua dugc xac lap ddng bc), can liep tuc giai phdng luc lucmg san xual", cac hdi nghi Trung ucmg Ian ihu' ba ihu lU ciia Ban chap hanh Trung ucmg dang klida \'I kliang dinh can din khoal

21

chuyen ddi ca che quan ly kinh te bang phucmg phap menh lenh la chii yeu sang phuang phap kinh te, thuc hien dung dan nguyen tac tap trung dan chii, chdng tap trung quan lieu bao cap, chdng tu do tii}' lien vd td chiic; phan dinh chiic nang quan ly Nha nudc ve kinh te vdi quan ly san xuat kinh doanh ciia cac dan vj san xua't; giai quyet diing dan mdi quan he giira cac lgi fch, trong

dd lgi fch ca nhan ngudi lao ddng la dgng lire true liep; sap xep lai san xual cai tao nen kinh te, hinh thanh ca ca'u kinh te hgp ly; md rdng quan he kinh te vdi nuc'tc ngoai

Nam 1991, Dai hgi Dang toan qud'c lan thir VII, da danh gia nhimg thanh tuu thieu sdt tdn lai trong qua trinh thuc hien dudng ldi ddi mdi Dai hc)i

da K) sung, hoan chinh va cu the hda dudng ldi chfnh sach kinh te' - xa hdi, dap ling yeu cau trong nudc va qudc te

Ve danh gia dai hdi khang djnh, cdng cudc ddi mdi d nuc'tc la da dal dugc nhirng thanh tuu bu dc dau quan trgng, nen kinh te da cd nhihig chuyen bie'n tfch cue, buctc dau hinh thanh nen kinh te hang hda nhieu thanh phan van hanh theo ca che thj irudng cd sir quan ly ciia Nha nucic; ngudn luc da ductc phai huy let hem, ldc do lam phat da dugc kiem che, ddi scmg vat chat va tinh than ciia nhan dan da ducic cai thien mc)r phan: nhung dat nuc'ic van chua thoat khdi khiing hoang kinh le xa hgi, lam phai van d miirc cao, nhieu ca sd san xual hi dinh ddn, lao dc)ng thieu viec iam, che dp lucmg bat hgp ly, tdc do tang dan sc) cao, van hda xa hdi cd nhieu mat xucing cap, quan lieu tham nhung, budn lau khdng giam ma cd xu hucmg tang len, ldi sdng thuc dung, me tin dj doan phat trien

Cd them thuc te, Dai hgi khang dinh manh me va diit khoat han van de kinh le ihj trudng Dai hdi cho rang, phat U*ien "kinh le hang hda nhieu thanh phan, van ddng theo ca che ihj Irudng cd su quan ly Nha nucic la hoan loan can thiet de giai phdng va phat huy ductc cac liem nang san xuat irong xa hc)i"" "Chien lucic dn djnh va phat trien kinh te - xa hdi den nam 2000" va

Bao ^-.10 ciuiili in cua Rm Clup hanh Tnuip iroii^ i)aiig lai Dai lioi VIl ciia i)aii^.NXl-i Sir ihai Ha Noi

^)91.ir -^.^1341

bd ddc quyen va dac quyen d hau het cac nganh va ITnh vuc kinh te''^ ^'

Nam 1996, Dai hgi Dang loan qud'c lan thii VUI da danh gia nhiing

thanh tuu thieu sc'n sau 5 nam thuc hien Nghj quyel Dai hc)i \Vi cua Dang va

10 nam ddi mc'ii: Dcmg thdi tir thuc te tinh hinh trcmg nucic va qucSc te, can cii vao Cucmg ITnh ciia Dang, Dai hdi da xac djnh "Can tiep tuc nam vung hai nhiem vu chien luge xay dung chii nghTa xa hdi va bao ve td quc'ic, day manh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda Muc lieu ciia cdng nghiep hda va hien dai hda

la xay dung nudc la thanh mot nudc cdng nghiep cd co sd vat chat - ky thual hien dai, ca ca'u kinh te hop ly, quan he san xual lien bd, phii hgp vdi trinh dc) phat trien ciia lire lugng san xual, ddi scmg vat chai va linh than cao, qudc phdng, an ninh viing chac, dan giau, nudc manh, xa hdi cdng bang, van minh

Tir nay den nam 2020, ra sure phan dau dua nu etc la ect ban ird ihanh mdt nucic cdng nghiep"^**^

Phat trien va chuyen djch ca cau kinh le - xa hc)i theo huemg cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda phai quan triet quan diem:

- Giir \arng ddc lap tu chii, di ddi vcii md rdng help tac qud'c le, da phuemg hda, da dang hda quan he ddi ngoai Dua vao ngudn luc trong nudc la chfnh, di ddi vcii tranh thu tdi da ngudn lire ben ngoai

- Cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda la sir nghiep cua loan dan

- Lay viec phat huy nguon luc con ngudi lam yeu id ect ban cho su

C'hicii \\M\v^ Oil dinh va phat liicii kiiiii lO - xa h6i den nam 2{HKi NXH Sir tliai Ma Noi V)\.\x 2 ^ 24 | 3 4 |

7

nghiep phat trien nhanh va ben vimg

- Tang trudng kinh te gan lien vdi cai thien ddi sdng nhan dan, phai trien van hda giao due, thuc hien tien bc) va cdng bang xa hdi, bao ve mdi irudng

Khoa hgc va cdng nghe la dc)ng luc cua cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda Ket help cdng nghe iruyen thimg vdi cdng nghe hien dai

- Lay hieu qua kinh te - xa hdi lam lieu chuain ca ban de xac dinh phucmg hudng phat trien, lira chgn phucmg an dau lu va cdng nghe

Ket hgp kinh te vdi qudc phdng, an ninh

Cac Nghj quyel Trung uang khda VIII: Nghi quyel Trung ucmg II ve djnh hucmg chien luge phat irien giao due - dao tao va ve djnh hudng phai irlien khoa hgc cdng nghe trong thdi ky cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dal nucic thang 12 1996; Nghj quyel Trung ucmg III ve phat huy quyen lam chii ciia nhan dan, xay dung Nha nudc Cdng hda xa hdi chii nghTa Viet Nam trong sach \arng manh va ve chien luac can bc) ciia ihdi ky day manh cdng nghien hcia, hien dai hda da't nucic thang 6.1997; Nghj quyel Trung ucmg IX^ ve liep luc day manh cdng cudc ddi mdi, phai huy ndi luc, nang cao hieu qua hcrp lac queic le phan dau hoan thanh cac muc lieu den nam 2000 thang 12 1997; Nghi quyet Trung ucmg V ve phat trien van hda phai huy ban sac van hda dan ldc thang 6.1998; Nghj quyet Trung Ucmg VI lan 1 ve nhiem vu kinh te - xa hdi nam 1999 thang 10/1998; Nghj quyet Trung ucmg 6 lan 2 ve xay dung va chinh ddn Dang; Nghi quyel Trung ucmg VII thang 8 1999 ve id chiic bd may va lien lucmg da timg budc cu the hda Cucmg ITnh xay dung dal nudc irong ihdi

ky qua do len chii nghTa xa hdi, Chien luge phai trien kinh le - xa hdi den nam

2000 va Nghj quyel Dai hdi dai bieu loan quc")c ciia Dang lan thii VIII

Den nay cdng cuc)c ddi mcii dal nuc'ic do Dang khcii xucmg, lanh dao da dua da't nucic (buc'ic dau) vugt qua khiing hoang kinh le - xa hc)i, nen kinh leda

' (\'an kiLMi i)ai h6i IMMX^ VIII NXB Clunh in Qii6c nui 19^)0 ir SO)

phat huy ductc nang lire ndi tai ciia nd da khai day ductc su sang lao tich cue can cii cua ngudi lao dgng Viet Nam Nen kinh te da cd tdc dc) lang trucmg cao ddi scmg ngudi lao ddng dugc nang len va cai ihien mdt bueic dang ke Ben canh nhimg thanh tuu da dal dugc cdng cudc ddi mdi cung bdc lc).nhirng han che, thieu sdt, ca nhimg mat dal dugc, ca nhimg han che thieu sol deu cd nguyen nhan ciia nd, nhung rd rang cdng cudc ddi mdi dal nudc la mdt qua trinh tim kiem va thir nghiem day khd khan phiic tap Nhin tren tdng the, thuc tien ciia cudc sdng da khang djnh nhumg thanh qua lo km ciia cdng cudc ddi mai

2.1.2 Mot so dac trung ca ban ciia qua trinh chuyen sang kinh te

thi trudng d nudc ta

Nen kinh le va xa hdi nucic la qua qua trinh ddi mcii dang chuyen tir nenkinh te lap trung, quan lieu, bao cap, cdn nhieu linh chat tu cap, tu liic sang

nen kinh le hang hda nhieu thanh phan, van hanh theo ca che thi trudng cd su

quan ly ciia Nha nudc, theo djnh hudng xa hdi chii nghTa Chung la ihucmg gpi tat la kinh te thj trudng cd sir quan ly ciia Nha nudc theo djnh hudng xa he)i chil nghTa Qua trinh nay dien ra trong ca mdt ihdi gian dai trai qua nhieu giai doan phat trien lir thap len cao 0 khfa canh quan ly xa hc)i cd the nhin nhan

nd d may diem sau day:

Thu nhd), qua trinh chuyen tir nen kinh le lap trung, menh lenh sang

kinh le thj iruemg d nuc'tc la mang linh lal yeu, hctp' quy lual Nhung cai lal yeu nay tren mdt sd mat khac vc^ cai lal yeu chuyen sang kinh te thj trudng ciia cac nucic ti-en the gidi

Nen kinh le ciia cac nude tren the gidi, theo lien trirlh phat tnen tu nhien, nd phat trien tuan tu lir thap len cao, lir kinh le tu nhien, lir cung, tu cap sang kinh te hang hda va tir kinh te hang hda sang kinh te thj trudng (kinh le thj irUemg la giai doan phai trien cao ciia kinh le hang hda) 0 day, nhiing yeu

id ndi lai ciia nen kinh le va xa hoi van ddng va phat Irien dan dan dua nen

kinh le va xa hdi phai Iricn len lir ihap den cao Nhd the ma yeu id quan ly

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7

cung dugc phat trien va thfch iing vdi yeu cau phat trien kinh le - xa hdi.Nhin chung ve mat quan ly xa hgi khdng cd nhirng thay ddi dot bien lcin;nhtmg ihay ddi ve cha't dugc nhimg thay ddi ve lucmg "hd tret' va dien ra dan dan tir than den cao

Cdn c't nudc la chuyen sang kinh te thi irudng lir mc')l xa hdi vdi nen kinh

le lap irung, bao cap, vdi hai thanh phan kinh le chii yeu la qudc doanh \'a lap the Ca che tap trung quan lieu bao cap da trd thanh "nen lang xa hdi", ton lai lau dai, tha'm sau vao tu tudng va nhan thiic cua dai bd phan nhan dan Nhimg yeu td ngi tai lam ca sd cho budc chuyen lai chua dugc phat irien tuan tu va ddng bd Mat khac, chuyen sang kinh te thi trucmg khdng chi dem thuan la

thay ddi ca che quan ly ma la mdt qua trinh ca cau lai nen san xual xa hpi, ca

cau 'lai loan bd ddi sdng xa hdi, bao gc)m ca ca cau ve sd huru tu lieu san xuat,

ca cau nhan lire, lao dc)ng, quan ly ddi mdi sau sac he thdng phap lual, he

thcmg giao due va dao tao can bd quan ly kinh le, quan ly xa hc)i Dd la mdi qua trinh mang tfnh each mang sau sac nhung cung day phiic lap va khd khan, Trong mdt thdi gian dai ciia qua trinh chuyen ddi dd, ton lai hai ect che, chfnh sach ddi khi trai ngugc nhau dan xen vao nhau (ca che lap trung quan lieu bao cap va ca che thi trudng) Dieu dd tao ra nhieu khd khan, nhieu ke het irong quan ly tai chfnh, quan ly bang phap Iuat; lao dieu kien cho mc)l bc) phan can bc),ccmg chii'c cd trach nhiem giir gin phap lual lai vi pham phap lual Mai khaclrong quan ly xa hdi ma he thdng phap luat khdng day dii, khdng ddng

bd va iham chf mau thuan nhau, se dan den viec thi hanh, ky cucmg phap lual khdng nghiem, long leo Them vao dd la tri thiic ve quan ly, dpi ngu lam cdng tac quan ly Iai ddi mcii khdng kjp, chua ductc dao \^— ve quan ly trong nen kinh le thi trucmg

Nhumg bieu hien neu uen, xel tren mdt mat nao dd ciing mang tfnh lai yeu, nhung cdng viec quan ly xa hc)i ddi hdi phai han che ldi da nhirng bieu hien lieu cue, nang cao hieu lire, hieu qua quan ly

Thu hai diem xual phai cua qua irinh chuyen sang kinh lc ihi irucmg d

nudc la la dat nUcic dang d trong khiing khoang kinh le xa hdi; til mgi nen kinh

le ra'r thap va phat trien khdng ddng deu

Ve diem xual phat ciia nudc ta, cd the neu len may mat ca ban sau day:

- La mdt nudc ndng nghiep, nhung san pham ndng nghiep chua ird ihanh san pham hang hda, ngudi ndng dan chua phai la chii the san xual hang hda, ma san xual chii yeu la de ihda man nhu cau lieu dung; cdng nghiep chua dc'mg vai trd dang ke Irong san xual ncmg nghiep

- Dal nudc \ara ra khdi hai cudc chien tranh, nhirng hau qua ciia chien iranh cdn ral nang ne

- Trinh do phat trien ciia siic san xual xa hdi khdng ddng deu, cd neti dal den trinh dc) hien dai hda cao, nhung cd nai cdn d trinh dc) (san xual nguyen thuv

Tir mdt nucic ihudc dia nira phong kien phai irien len, nen nhirng dau an ciia che do phong kien cdn in dam net trong ddi seing xa hdi nudc la

Vdi diem xual phai nhu vay, quan ly xa hc)i trong qua irinh chuyen sang kinh le ihi trucmg ddi hdi vira phai dam bao su phat irien, tang irucing ciia dal nuc'tc vira phai dam bao su cdng bang xa hc)i Vi the dudng Idi chi'nh sach ciia Dang va Nha nuc'tc khdng phai la chung cho mgi ddi lugng ma phai cu the phu hgp vdi timg ddi tuc^mg, de nham khoi day dugc mgi liemi nang, nang luc trong nhan dan, phii hctp vdi dao ly Viet Nam "la lanh diim la rach", "an qua nhd ngudi trdng cay"

- Thu ba, qua trinh chuyen sang kinh te thi irudng ciia nucic la dien ra

ironii dieu kien khiiniz khoang kinh le - xa hdi d Ddng Au va Lien Xd, Irons chfnh sach mci cua ciia Dane va Nha nUctc la Tinh hinh nav \ara lao ra nhieu dieu kien thuan lgi, nhung ddng thdi cung gay ra nhieu klid klian irong quan ly

Chfnh sach met cira, lao dieu kien de chiing la nhanh chdng hdi nhap vcii queic le, nhung mci cira thi nhirng lac ddng ciia ben ngoai \'ao nuc'tc la qua ldn

27

f

qua nhanh, trong khi trinh dc) va nang luc quan ly ciia la chua dap img ndi Tren nhieu mat, nhieu ITnh vuc chung la chua cd dii iheti gian de' can nhac lua chem quyel dinh; khdng dii lire lugng de kiem soat Tinh hinh dd cung da gav rcii loan fl nhieu den san xual trong nu dc anh hudng den ddi sdng ngudi lao ddng

"Md cira", quan he vdi qudc te mot van de quan trgng dat ra cho quan

ly xa hgi la dn djnh chfnh trj an ninh qudc gia Ke dich dang am muu pha hoai thanh qua each mang ciia chiing ta; cac nu dc quan he vdi nudc ta khdng

chi cd muc dfch kinh le Tinh hinh dd dal ra ndi dung cho quan Iy xa hc)i la

vira bao dam phat tnen kinh te, tranh thii vdn, ky thual va kinh nghiem nudc ngoai, vira phai bao dam dn djnh chfnh trj, an ninh quite gia, giir vimg dc)c lap chil quyen quite gia va djnh hucmg xa hdi chii nghTa

Ddi mcii trcmg dieu kien md cira tao dieu kien cho chung la day nhanh tdc do phat trien, nhung cung gay ra nhirng khd khan nhal djnh trong quan ly

xa hdi Trinh do quan ly, ddi ngii can bd lam cdng tac quan ly khdng theo kip trinh dp phat irie'n kinh te - xa hdi Chua ndi den ITnh vuc chinh tri ma chi trong ITnh vuc kinh te, vira qua thuc lien da cho chiing la nhieu bai hpc tham ihi'a Tir mdt nuc'tc ndm: n^ihiep lac hau, nhin vao kv thual lu ban, thay cai izl cuniz hien dai, cunti lien lien, khdnii danh eia va phan biet ductc cac nac thane cua irinh dp ky thuat va cucii ciing la nhap phe thai ve cho dal nudc Neu trong quan ly xa hdi khdng cd dugc nhimg chinh sach diing thi dal nudc trd thanli bai thai cho cac nucic tu ban Van de cung khdng chi dimg lai d chii trucmg chfnh sach, ma phai dugc cu the hda bang nhimg van ban phap lual ciia Nha nUeVe, phai dugc the hien Uong cdng viec quan ly, dieu hanh ciia cac chu

the quan ly; trong cdng viec quan ly hang ngay ciia cac ca quan Nha nueic;

khdng chi dimg lai ci nhiel linh each mang ma la tri lhu*c va kinh nghiem quan Iy

nd Kinh le thi irudng ndi chung la nen kinh le huc'tnu leii thi trudng luan theo

ca che thj trudng Dd la nen kinh le hang hda gan vc'ti thi trudng, lay thi irucmg lam dieu kien ton tai va hoai ddng Thi trudng, noi gap gd trao ddi giira ngudi ban va ngudi mua, chi phdi mgi hoat ddng ciia san xuat kinh doanh va la net dac trung bao quat nha't cua kinh te hangf hda Kinh te hang hda cang phai trien thi thj trudng cang md rdng, va trd thanh nhan td quan trgng kich thich san xuat phat trien Ciing cd the ndi, kinh le thj irudng la kinh le hang hda phat trien d giai doan cao

Nhu vay kinh te thi irudng la mot loai hinh kinh le, trong dd cac mdi quan he kinh te giira con ngudi vdi con ngucti ductc bieu hien thdng qua thi trucmg, uic thcmg qua viec mua ban, trao ddi bang lien, thcmg qua quan he hang - lien Trong kinh le thi trucmg cac quan he hang hda lien le phai irien

md rc)ng, bao quat tren nhieu ITnh vuc, cd y nghTa phd bien deii vcii ngudi san xual va tieu diing

Do han che ve mat ljch sir, cac nen san xual U^r etc chii nghTa tu ban chua dal den trinh do san xual hang hda vcii day dii y nghTa ciia nd Chi den chil nghTa tu ban an xua'l mdi dal den trinh dp san xual hang hda vdi day dii y nghTa cua nd la le thi irudng O day, qua irinh san xual luan iheo quy lual thi trudng tir "A" den "Z" liic san xuat - luu ihdng - phan phdi - lieu diing

Nay sinh va hoat dc)ng mdt each khach quan, trong dieu kien lich sir nha'l djnh, kinh le thj irudng phan anh trinh de) phai trien ciia san xual xa hc)i, trinh de) van minh xa hdi; nd la nhan td ihiic day phai trien siic san xual, tang trudng kinh te va thiic day xa hdi lien len

Qua hoat ddng thj trudng, ngudi san xual hieu dugc sure mua ciia ngucti lieu diing, ngudi lieu diing dat ra cho ngudi san xual nhu cau can phai dap

29

irng Mat khac, ngucti san xual cung phan nao dinh hueing cho ngucti lieu diing Qua trinh tuang tac, irao ddi giira ngudi san xual va ngudi lieu diing tren thj trudng, cung lam chiic nang dieu tiet cac khu vuc san xuat, giira cac viing san xua't tren timg lanh thd qud'c gia va qudc le Quy lual gia trj ddng vai trd "trgng tai" dieu tiet thj trudng, cdn ngudi san xual mucm ldn lai, phai trien thi phai tuan theo quy lual gia trj trong san xual hang hda

Trong kinh te thi trudng san xual ludn hucmg ldi chai lugng va hieu qua Nguiti san xual, san xuat ra de ban va thu ve gia tri nhung de ban dugc hang hda phai bao dam chat lugng, thj hieu ngudi lieu diing Qua trinh dd da hucmg san xual den chat lucmg va hieu qua, va de cd chai lucmg hieu qua thi ngudi san xual khdng ngimg cai lienquy trinh san xuai, cai lien ky thual cdng nghe, dua ccmg nghe mdi vao san xuat Den lugt nd lai thiic day san xual phat Irien, cua cai lam ra nhieu hem dap iing nhu cau ciia xa hdi

Nhu vay mat tfch cue cua kinh te ihj irudng la dieu rat rd rang Nucic la

tir ngay chuyen sang kinh te thj trudng, nhiing tiem nang cua nen kinh le da dugc khoi day, san xua't khdng ngimg phai irien dal mii'c tang iruemg ngay cang cao, da't nucic da budc dau vugi ra khdi khiing hoang kinh te - xa hdi

Ciins vdi mat tfch cue, kinh te ihi truemi: cd mat han che ciia nd Trone kinh le thj trucmg, san xual, phan phdi, irao ddi lieu dimg luan theo quy lual gia irj, ngudi san xual ludn iheo dudi lgi fch ciia rieng minh, ludn lim mgi each de dat leii Igi nhuan ldi da 0 day dien ra qua trinh canh tranh giira cac chil the san xuat, qua trinh nay dien ra khach quan ngoai - y mudn ciia ngudi san xual Trons kinh te thi inidnci canh tranh la khdne the tranh khdi, la dac diem chung ciia bat ky nen kinh le hang hda nao, tu ban chii nghTa hay xa hdi chil nghTa Canh tranh cd mat tfch cue la thuc day san xuat phat trien, thiic day cai lien ky thuat Nhung canh iranh cung dan den nhimg hau qua xa hdi ciia

nd Canh tranh dan den ca Ic'm nuet ca be, den pha san, san xuat dinh ddn: that nghiep, phan hda giau ngheo re)i loan xa hoi Dd la mat irai mat lieu cue ciia canh tranh trong nen kinh te thj timing Khi ma kinh le thi irmmg phai

trien d quy md loan the gic'ti ihi canh tranh khdng chi dien ra trong pham; vi timg qudc gia ma mang tinh chat qudc te

Mot khfa canh nira ciia kinh te thj trucmg la khi qua trinh san xual bi chi phdi bdi quy luat gia trj, ngudi san xual iheo dudi gia tri lgi nhuan tdi da nen chi lap trung san xual vao nhumg nganh nhimg ITnh vuc cd Icti nhuan cao nhal

hp bai chap ca nhirng van de sinh thai, mdi trucmg, mien la thu ducic lgi nhuan ldi da Tmh trang dd se dua den kei qua la cac qudc gia cd ductc mc)l nen kinh

te khdng can ddi, sinh thai bi hiiy hoai, mdi trucmg bi d nhiem, khdng dap iing nhu cau ngudi tieu diing, la ganh nang cho quan ly xa hc)i

Day cung la nhirng van de dal ra chp quan ly xa hdi d lam vT md, ma

hien nay nhieu nudc dang giai quyel hoac phdi hgp de giai quyet Tren day la mat han che cua kinh te thj trudng, da va dang tac ddng vao lal ca cac nuc'tc

De giai quyel van de dd, d cac nueic deu cd su can thiep fl nhieu ciia Nha nudc, chua cd va khdng the cd mdt nen kinh te thi trucmg thuan tiiy ma khdng

cd sir can thiep ciia Nha nudc

0 cac nucic tu ban, su can thiep ciia Nha nuc'tc vao kinh le thi trUctng cV

nhimg miic dc) khac nhau, hinh thanh nhumg loai kinh le thi trucmg khac nhau nhu: Thi trudnj: tu do, thi irudne xa hdi, kinh le hdn hop Ndi chune su can thiep ciia Nha nuc'tc tu ban vao kinh te ihj trucmg bang phap lual, bang chi'nh sach kinh le tai chfnh, bang siic manh kinh le ciia Nha nucic nham lam cho nen kinh te dn djnh va phat uien trcmg khudn khd chii nghTa tu ban Cd nhirng truimg hgp, Nha nudc tu san mua lai xf nghiep ciia nha lu ban iruc'tc nguy cet bj pha san, de Uanh mdt sir pha san cho nha tu ban; sau me)l thdi ky dn djnh, phai trien Nha nueic lai tu nhan hda, Viec lam dd ciia Nha nuctc khdng chi vi lgi fch ciia nha tu ban, ma cdn vi lgi fch ciia ca xa hdi Hien nay su can thiep ciia nha nuc'ic tu ban vao kinh te thj irudng ral km, nhung bang con dudng, bien phap gian liep han la true liep nhu tru cic day Su can ihiep dd thuc le da dn dinh duetc nen san xual lu ban, \'a lao ra cho nd mdi mdi iructng phai trien mdi nhun^' nhirne hau qua xa hdi ciia kinh le thi Irudne lu ban chii nghTa van cdn tdn lai va cd nguy ca klidng giai quyei ducic

7

Ddi vcii nhimg nucic kinh te chua phat trien va phai trien khdng deu thi

kinh te thj trudng se lai la nhan td day manh sir phan hda va phai irien khdng deu Sir phan hda giau ngheo trong xa hdi va sir phat trien khdng deu ciia nen kinh te ciia me)t nu cic lai la mdi trudng xa hdi de lieu cue nay sinh va phai trien

Nhu tren da ndi, trong kinh le thi trudng quy lual gia tri ddng vai ird

"trgng tai" dieu tiet san xual kinh doanh, dieu tiel cac lgi ich giira cac chii the san xua't kinh doanh Nhung giira cac chii the san xual kinh doanh nang luc khdng nhu nhau, ca hdi khdng nhu nhau thi "trgng tai" dieu liet chi mang lai eel hc)i cho ke manh chien thang Trong iruemg hop nay neu khdng cd sir can ihiep ciia nha nu dc thi pha san, that nghiep, phan hda xa he)i se phat trien ral nhanh Chung ta hay nhin lai nhumg nam dau ddi me'ti md cira, hang hda nuc'ic ngoai Iran vao da bdp chel mdt sc) nganh va ITnh vuc san xual irong nuc'tc day mgi bd phan ngudi lao dgng ra khdi guong may san xual, trd thanh that nghiep 0 nhirng viing, nhiing khu vuc kinh le cdn mang nang linh chat tu cap,

tu tlie dac biel la d viing niii, vimg sau, viing cao, neu khdng cd su can thiep ciia Nha nucic thi ddi sdng ngudi ndng dan bao gid dugc cai thien, bao gid cd san xual hang hda

Mai ban che ciia kinh le ihi irircing la thi iructng hda, hang hda hda cac mai, cac gia trj ciia ddi seing xa hdi Trong kinh le ihi Iructng muc dich cudi cune ciia san xual la Icti nhuan va ho lim moi each de dal duac lai nhuan cao

Tinh hinh dd da keo theo va day loan bd ddi scmg xa hc)i theo can Xdc ciia thi

irudne Nsrudi la mua di ban lai ca nhimc gia iri dao diic, iruyen thdng, nhumg gia tri nhan van Tat ca mgi cai deu dugc djnh gia bang lien va dua ra mua

ban Trcmg ca che tap trung quan lieu bao cap cung cd tham nhung, budn lau,

hc)i id nhung tir khi chuyen sang ca che thj trudng thi linh hinh dd ngay cang tram trpng hem \'^ ca che thj tmcmg kei hgp vdi quan ly long leo la mieng dal l(")l nhal cho budn lau, iham nhung, hc)i Id

Nhin lai, sau may nam chuyen sang co che ihi irmmg, nhieu mai ciia

ddi scmg xa hdi xucmg cap "Tmh hinh van hda guio due }' le nhicu noi ccm

V

thap kem; nhung truyen thdng thuan phong my tuc bi lang quen: cac gia tri nhan van bi lu md; me tin di doan, te nan xa hpi phat trien; cac mdi quan he giira ngudi vdi ngudi trong gia dinh va ngoai xa hdi dang diing tru dc thach

thiic cua mat trai ca che thi irudng "^^\ Tinh hinh dd do nhieu nguyen nhan,

trong dd cd nguyen nhan quan Irpng la do lac dc)ng ciia cc^ che ihi trucmg

Tuy nhien khi de cap den kinh te thi tmdng thi nen kinh le hang hda nhieu thanh phan van hanh theo ca che thi Irucmg dinh hucmg xa hc)i chii nghTa

d nudc ta cdn cd dac diem rieng, khac vcii kinh le hang hda nhieu thanh phan cua chil nghTa tu ban

Kei cau kinh te hang hda nhieu thanh phan ciia chii nghTa tu ban: cac thanh phan kinh te la nhumg thanh td "ciing dau', cimg tinh chat sd hiru tu nhan

tu ban chil nghTa dudi nhieu hinh thiic Cdn ket cau kinh te hang hda nhieu thanh phan djnh hudng xa hdi chii nghTa d nu etc la ihi cac thanh phan kinh le dan xen nhau ve mat kei ca'u cac thanh td "irai dau dd la nhirng ihanh phan kinh te mang tfnh chai xa hdi chii nghTa -va nhirng thanh phan kinh le chiia dung nhan td ndi sinh tu phat lu ban chii nghTa Hai loai ihanh phan kinh le nay van ddng "trai dau' nhau va cd xu hucmg rieng la xa hc)i chii nghTa Vd tu ban chil nghTa Neu nhu khdng cd lanh dao ciia Dang va quan ly cua Nha nucic

thi dinh hudng xa hdi chii nehTa se khdn^! the thuc hien duac "SiU can thiep dd

nhu the nao de vira dam bao dugc djnh hueing xa hdi chii nghTa \ara lao ra dieukien de cac thanh phan kinh te ciing gdp phan vao sir phat irien, dd la van deed y nghTa chien luge dd'i vdi sir phat trien dat nudc

Tren day chiing la da de cap den qua trinh chuyen sang kinh le thj imcmi! d nudc ta, nhirng van de dat ra cho quan Iv xa hdi Dac biel chiine la dadi sau phan tfch nhirng mat trai ciia ca che thj iruemg nhu canh tranh, pha san,that nghiep, phan hda giau ngheo, thi trucmg hda deii sdng xa hdi, lieu cue

xahc)i, Su phan tfch dd khdng phai la de phu nhan kinh le thj tmdng, ma de

vach ra nhirng ndi dung, nhiemi vu cho quan ly xa hdi Tren ca sd dd de chiing

iX' ciraiii: Kio cao \o\\^ kei c6nf! lac d.'m van 1995 cua Ban clii dao lon^ kei n^ln qu>ci 'n\'SB

- 1 - 1

la dl vao nghien ciiu vai irc) ciia cac chii the quan ly trcmg nen kinh lc thi

imctng d nudc ta Dac biel la vai trc) lanh dao ciia Dang cdng san Viel Nam

2.2 CHU THi QUAN LY XA HOI DUdl SU LANH DAO CUA DANG 6 NL/OC TA

HIEN NAY

Nhu chucmg 1 da trinh bay quan ly xa hdi la nhimg tac ddng giira con ngudi vdi con ngudi de td chiic va dieu chinh hanh vi va hoat ddng ciia nhumg con ngudi khac nhau nham phdi hgp cac cd gang rieng le ciia timg ngudi timg nhdm ngudi thanh mdt ce) gang chung hue'mg vao viec thuc hien muc lieu chung trong nhumg dieu kien kinh le - xa hdi nhal dinh Vi vay tat ca cac lac ddng qua lai trcmg xa hdi xel den ciing cd the coi la lac dcmg qua lai giura chii the vakhach the quan ly xa hdi 'Ndi each khac, quan ly la mot dang quan he

xa hgied su tham gia ciia cac ben theo ca che quan ly Mdt ben lam phai sinh

cac tacddng td chiic va dieu chinh va ben kia la liep nhan cac lac de)ng ay, chuyen thanh cac hanh vi, hoat ddng cu the tao thanh mdt qua trinh van ddng

an khc'ip, nhjp nhang nham mdt muc dfch chung Trong quan he nay chii the quan ly la ben lam phat sinh cac tac ddng id chiic, dieu chinh , cdn ben kia la khach the quan Iy

Xa hdi la mdt he theme, la cone ddne neucti cc') quan ly Nhieu chii the

ihiic hien su quan ly len xa hdi lao thanh he ihdng chii the quan ly xa

hdi.Tronti nhim£! giai doan lich sir nhai dinh vai ird va su tham eia ciia cac chil the cd sir khac nhau ca ve sd lugng va chai lucmg, ca ve miic de) pham vi tfnh chai va phucmg thiic quan ly Dieu dd xel den ciing la do trinh dp phai trien ciia san xuat, nang lire thuc liln cua con ngudi va do tfnh chat ciia che dc) chfnh In quy dinh

Trong thai ky qua do d nucic ta hien nay, su phat trien cua xa hc)i dugc lao thanh bang kei qua tdng help cua cac hoai ddng quan ly ciia nhieii chii the quan ly trong he lhe)ng quan ly xa hdi Nhirng chii the dd bao gdm: iimg con neudi, cac cdne done xa hdi nhd, cac doan the quan chiine, cac dan \'i san xuai kinh doanh Nha nuc'ic \a Dang chfnh iri Cac chii the quan ly xa hdi ndi

/

chung deu dat duc'ti su lanh dao ciia Dang cdne san Viel Nam nhune no cun*:

cd quan he va lac ddng den su lanh dao ciia Dang Do vay de xem xel, nghien cuu vai trd ciia Dang cong san Viet Nam, tmdc hei can nghien ciiru hoat ddng quan ly va vai trd cua cac chu the quan ly xa hdi khac trong he thdng chii the quan ly xa hdi d nudc ta hien nay

2.2.1 Timg con ngudi - thanh vien cua xa hpi la chii the quan

ly xa hpi

Timg con ngudi, de ton lai va phat trien ho phai lao ddng lao ra ciia cai thoa man nhu cau ciia minh Mudn lao ddng dat kei qua, mdi mc)l con ngucii phai biei tu td chiic cac hoat ddng ciia minh, va tii dieu chinh cac hanh vi ciia minh phii hgp vdi quy lual khach quan ciia gidi tu nhien va xa hdi xung quanh minh Trong tmdng hgp nay rung con ngudi la nhumg chii the tu quan ly lay chinh minh va hoat ddng dd lai tac ddng den hanh vi ciia ngudi khac va mdi mure do nhai dinh ciing gdp phan quan ly nhumg ngudi khac

Ljch sir xa hdi, tir xua den nay ludn tern tai "timg con ngudi la chii the quan ly xa hdi", nhumg vai trd va chai lucmg quan ly lai ral khac nhau va khcmg ngimg ngay mot tang len Chai luang va vai trd quan ly cua lung con ngudi phu thudc vao trinh do hieu biei va nang luc cua timg ngudi; phu thudc vao cac quan he xa hdi ma hp bj chi phei'i - ndi each khac la phu thudc vao cac chil the quan ly khac

Timg con ngudi la mdt chii the quan ly xa hdi, nhung hp lai la thanh vien ciia cac td chiirc, cac he thdng quan ly khac, la khach the ciia cac chii the quan ly khac Con ngudi la xa hdi nhirng con ngudi tham gia vao nhieu quan

he xa hdi va tcm tai trong nhieu id chirc Vi vay sir quan ly ciia timg con ngudi (tu quan ly) nam trong pham vi va bj chi phdi bdi sir quan ly chung ciia ca xa hdi Mat kliac, vc'ti tu each \ara la khach the \ara la chii the quan ly xa hc)i su quan ly ciia timg ngudi lai tac dc)ng trd lai va chi phcii sir quan ly ciia cac chii the khac

35

/

Trong thdi ky qua dc') Ien chii nghTa xa he)i d nuc'tc la, nhan dan lao ddng

la chu the ciia mpi qua trinh xa hdi, dudi su lanh dao cua Dang va quan ly ciia Nha nudc Vc'ii timg ca nhan con ngudi, sir lanh dao cua Dang gdp phan tao ra mdi tmdng dieu kien giiip hp phat huy nang : minh trong boat ddng tu quan ly: Dang djnh hudng cho hoat ddng tu quan ly dal dugc hieu qua cao va khdng anh hudng den lgi fch ciia ngudi khac va lai fch ciia

xa hdi

Hoat ddng tu quan ly cua timg ca nhan hueing theo nhiing nhu cau, lgi fch khac nhau nen cd nguy ca di chech quy dao djnh hudng, lanh dao ciia Dang VI vay sir lanh dao, djnh hudng cua Dang ddi vdi timg ca nhan vdi tu each la chii the tu quan ly, chii the xa hdi phai thdng qua cac chii the quan ly khac nhu td chiic chi'nh trj - xa hdi, td churc xa hdi, Nha nudc

2.2.2 Cac to chuc doan the cua quan chiing nhan dan

Cac td chiic doan the ciia qu^n chiing nhan dan nhu Tdng lien doan lao dgng, Hdi lien hiep phu nir, Doan thanh nien, Hdi cac nha khoa hpc Ia nhimg td chiic chfnh tri - xa hgi hay td chiic xa hdi dugc thanh lap tren nguyen tac tu nguyen dai bieu cho lgi fch ciia thanh vien va td chiic theo nghe nghiep Ilia ludi gieii tfnh, Cac td chu'c doan the nhan dan d nudc la chia lam hai loai : Td chu'c chfnh trj - xa hdi va td chiic xa he)i Sir phan chia nay chii yeu dua tren lieu chf chiic nane ca ban

2.2.2.7 To ciiuc chinh iri - xd hgi bao gom :

Mat Uan id quei'c Viet Nam va cac td chu'c thanh vien ciia Mat Iran td queic Viet Nam nhu: Doan thanh nien cc)ng san Ho Chf Minh, Tdng lien doan lao ddng Viet Nam, Hdi lien hiep phu nir Viet Nam, Hdi ndng dan Viet Nam, Hdi cuu chien binh Cac td chiic chfnh trj - xa hdi la ca sd chfnh tri ciia chfnh quyen nhan dan dueii sir lanh dao ciia Dang cc)ng san Viet Nam

Tuv mdi td chirc chfnh tri - xa hdi cd vi tri, vai ird va nhiem vu riene ^ • ' • • < _ iron^' quan Iv xa hdi nhune deu cd chiic nane ca ban eicine nhau, cu the la:

- Tap hgp va tuyen truyen, giao due hc)i vien, doan vien ve dudng ldi chil tmong ciia Dang, chinh sach phap lual ciia Nha nuc'tc de hp van dung dung dan vao thuc tien hoat dgng, lam trdn nghTa vu cdng dan, gdp phan xay dung da't nude;

- Cham lo loi fch chi'nh dane ciia cac thanh vien ircme id chiic minh, ai dien va bao ve lgi fch dd khi can thiei trcmg pham vi nhap lual quv dinh:

- Thuc hien chfnh sach doan kei dan lc)c, lang cudng mcii lien he giira Dang Nha nudc va nhan dana Thuc hien vai trd kiem tra, giam sat boat ddng cua cac ca quan Nha nudc, can bd, cdng chiic Nha nudc

Cac to chirc chfnh trj - xa hgi dugc td chiic tir ca sd den Trung ii • - va

la mot nhan td ca'u thanh he thdng chfnh trj Viet Nam (he thdng chfnh trj Viet

Nam xet ve ca ca'u cd ba nhan td hgp thanh: Dang cdng san Viet Nam Nha

nudc Cong hda xa hgi chii nghTa Viet Nam, cac id churc chfnh tri - xa hdi )

Do vay, pham vi quan ly ciia cac td chiic chi'nh trj - xa hdi rdng kin, khac biei

so vcii cac cdng ddng xa hdi nhd Dieu dd khang djnh vai trd to Icin ciia cac td chirc chfnh trj - xa hdi trong quan ly xa he)i Tuy vay, cac ihanh vien ciia cac id chiic chfnh trj - xa hgi deu la cdng dan ciia nu dc Viet Nam, hiusir quan ly ciia Nha nudc; td chiic, boat dgng va sir quan ly ciia cac td chuc chfnh trj - xa he)i deu trong pham vi ciia Hien phap, phap lual Nha ueic, dueii sir lanh dao ciia Dang Cac td chiic chfnh trj xa hdi vira kiem tra, giam sal boat ddng ciia Nha nude, tham gia quan ly nha nu dc \ara chju sir quan ly ciia nha nueic

Cac td chiic chfnh tri - xa he)i tham gia quan Iy xa hdi ct hai binh dien: trong pham vi td chiic va trong pham vi cua ca cc)ng ddng xa hdi

- Trong pham vi cua timg td chiic chi'nh trj - xa hdi ihi dc)'i tugng quan

ly la nhirng thanh vien cua id churc, cdn chii the quan ly la cac ca quan lanh dao cac cap ciia id chirc Song td chiic chinh tri - xa hpi id chiic va boat ddng theo nguyen tac tu nguyen dudi sir lanh dao cua Dang va quan ly nha udc, chii the quan Iy cung do cac khach the quan ly (cac thanh vien va id chii'c) lap ra

de thuc hien quyen lam chii Uirc tiep ciia minh Mc)'i quan he giii'a chii the va khach the dugc thuc hien tren nguyen tac thoa thuan (dieu le ciia Id chirc) va

37

hoai ddng vj Icti ich ciia td chuc va cac thanh vien irong pham vi gic'Ji han cua phap lual Nha nueic duc'ti sir lanh dao ciia Dang

Trcmg pham vi xa hdi cac td chiic chinh tri - xa hdi (tir ca quan lanh dao den cac thanh vien) lai la rnpl chii the chung ciia quan ly xa hdi Hoat ddng ciia cac td chiic chinh tri - xa hdi lir viec dinh ra cuang rmh hanh ddng nghi quyei den viec thuc hien chuang trinh hanh ddng nghi quyei deu lac ddng anh huong den cac mai ciia ddi sdng xa hdi Td chirc chinh iri — xa hdi tham gia vao viec xay dung Nha nudc quan ly Nha nucic kiem tra giam sal boat dc)ng ciia bc) may Nha nu dc da gdp phan nang cao nang luc, quyen luc hieu qua quan ly Nha nudc Su tham gia ciia cac Id chirc chfnh tri - xa hdi vdi

tu each la mdi chii the quan ly xa hdi thi lgi ich trudc hei phai la lgi fch ciia id churc va cac thanh vien trong gidi han ciia phap lual Nha nudc dudi sir lanh dao ciia Dane Treme thuc te neu khdne chii irong den kii fch ciia id churc va lai fch cac thanh vien ihi vai Ird ciia id chiic cung nhu hieu lire, hfeu qua quan ly

bj giam

6 klii'a canh quan ly giira hai pham vi na\' cd quan he vc'ti nhau nhung khdne phai la ddng nhai Can phai cd sir nghien ciiu cu the de de xual giai phap edp phan ddi mc'ii id chiirc phucmg thurc boat ddng ciia cac id chiic chfnh tri - xa hdi trong he ihei'ng chii the quan ly xa hdi

Khac vcii cac id chiic quan chiing nhan dan kliac, id chiic chfnh in - xa hdi d nueic la dat dueii sir lanh dao true liep ciia Dang cdng san Viet Nam la casd chfnh iri cua chfnh qu\'en nhan dan Td chiic \'a boat ddng ciia cac id

chiic chfnh uj - xa hdi d nucic ta khdng chi dua tren ca sd phap lual Nha nudc

dudne ldi, chii tmomg va cac nghi quyei ciia Dang ma cdn dugc cac ca quan Nha nucic id chiic Dang cho phep va thira nhan la id chiic chfnh In - xa hdi

\^f du: Hdi khoa hoc va ky ihual Viel Nam ra ddi nam 1983, nay la Lien hiep hdi khoa hoc va ky thual Viel Nam la mc;)l id ehiic chi'nh iri - xa hgi theo chi thi 4?/CT-T\V cua Trung uo'ng Dang ngay I I-l I-I99X Lien hiep hdi dm 59 hdi ihanh vien (veti 39 hdi chuyen nganh d Trung In'o'ng va 20 Lien hicp hdi dia phuome) tap hop giin 50 N'an hdi N'ien la in' thirc boat ddng Irong cac linh