Một số vấn đề về công tác xây dựng đảng thời kỳ 1975 2001

Den 3-1982, tai Dai hdi lan thu V, Dang ta da cd thdm mot sd nhan thiic mdi, da tha'y dugc phan nao nguydn nhan gay ra khd khan to Idn cho da't nude la thieu luang thuc, da ed su phd pha

DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI TRU6NG DAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI ^ A NHAN VAN

MOT SO VAN DE

VE CONG TAG XAY DUNG DANG

T H 6 I KY 1975-2001

Ma so: QX98-04

Chu tri de tai: PGS.TS Ngo Dang Tri

Can bo phoi hgfp: Ths Nguyin Quang Lieu

Cu nhan Le Thj Quynh Nga

.011 pom

Ha Noi, thang 1 nam 2003

2

MUG LUC

Loinoiddu Trang 4

Chuomgl: MOT SO VAN DE VE CONG TAC XAY DUNG DANG

1 Duong Idi xay dung chu nghla xa hdi tren pham vi ca nude 9

2 Cong tac tu tudng 16

3 Xay dung he thong td chiic va bd may cua Dang 20

4 Xay dung dgi ngQ dang vien va can bd eua Dang 28

5 Phuang thuc lanh dao cua Dang 31

Chucmg 2: MOT SO VAN DE VE COK^G TAC XAY DUNG DANG

THdiKY 1986-2001 36

1 Dudng Idi doi mdi theo dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghla 36

2 V6 cong tac tu tudng 52

3 Xay dung Dang vi td chufc 61

4 Xay dung dgi ngu dang vien va can bg cua Dang 81

5 Ddi mdi phuong thuc lanh dao cua Dang 98

ChuongS: KET QUA VA KINH NGHIEM XAY DUNG DANG 103

1 Thanh tuu va han che 103

2 Kinh nghiem va giai phap xay dung Dang 111

Ketluan 128

TAI LIEU TEAM KHAO 131

CAC CONG TRINH CUA TAC GIA LIEN QUAN DEN DE TAI 138

LdlNOlDAU

Dang Cong san Viet Nam, do Chu tich Ho Chi Minh sang lap va ren luyen da cd mdt qua trinh xay dung va trudng thanh bet siic ve vang Qua trinh xay dung va trudng thanh cua Dang trong thdi ky 1930-1975, gan li6n vdi qua trinh Dang lanh dao nhan dan d^u tranh, tien hanh cuge each mang thang Tarn lap nen Nha nude Viet Nam Dan chu Cdng boa, tien hanh cac cudc khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap va.de qudc My xam luge, xoa bd che do thuc dan phong kien, hoan thanh su nghiep giai phdng dan tdc va thong nhat dat nude, dua ca nude chuydn sang giai doan each mang xa hoi chu nghla

Tir nam 1975 den nay, Dang da lanh dao nhan dan tiep tuc thuc hien hai nhiem vu chien luge xay dung va bao ve Td qudc, tien hanh cong cugc doi mdi day manh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda vi muc tieu dan giau nude manh xa hdi cdng bang, dan chu, van minh Trong thdi ky nay, ben canh nhiing thuan Igi to Idn, each mang nude ta cung gap nhi6u khd khan

do hau qua nang ne cua chien tranh, nhung yeu kem cua nen kinh te, nhirng dien bien nhanh chdng va phiic tap cua tinh hinh the gidi, su bao vay cam van cua ke thii, dac biet la su sup dd cua che do xa hdi chu nghla d Lien

Xd, Dong Au da tac dgng rat manh vao tu tudng va ni6m tin cua can bg, dang vien va nhan dan ddi vdi su lanh dao cua Dang, vao con dudng xa hoi chu nghla Nhan co hoi dd cac the luc phan dgng, chdng chii nghla xa hdi

da ra siic tien cong vao Chu nghla Mac-Lenin va Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, hdng thuc hien "di6n bien hoa binh", muu toan thii tieu su lanh dao cua Dang, xoa bo che do xa hdi chu nghla d Viet Nam Mat khae, Dang ta, ben canh nhieu uu di6m, cd ban llnh chinh tri vtrng vang, khi budc vao giai doan mdi-cung bdc Id mdt so yeu kem va khuyet diem

Thuc te dd da dat ra nhi6u van di ve xay dung Dang can dugc giai

dap de ciing cd vai trd lanh dao cua Dang nham day nhanh cdng cudc phat

tri6n kinh te, van hoa, giu* vCrng on dinh chinh tri, nang cao ddi song ciia nhan dan, bao ve virng chae To qudc Viet Nam xa hdi chu nghla

Nhan thiic dugc sii menh lich su cua minh va nam bat dugc thuc tiln, trong nhi6u nam qua Dang ta da chii truang la'y xay dung kinh te la trong tam va xay dung Dang la then chdt,'Coi cdng tac xay dung Dang la mdt nhiem vu dac biet quan trgng va cap bach, cd y nghla quy6't dinh ddi vdi toan bd su nghidp each mang, cd y nghla sdng cdn ddi vdi Dang va che

dd ta Dang da nhSih manh vi6c phai thudng xuyfen ti6'n hanh t6ng kd't cdng tac xay dung Dang, nha't la tir khi Dang lanh dao su nghi6p xay dung chii nghla xa hdi tren pham vi ca nude, tir khi thuc hien dudng Idi doi mdi,

nham rut ra nhirng kinh nghiem Idn va nhiing v ^ d6 ly luan burc thiet vi vah di dang cdm quyfen, lam co so dinh hudng cho cdng tac xay dung Dang

hi6n nay va lau dai

De gdp mdt phdn nhd vao cdng vi6c to Idn dd cua Dang, chung tdi

da ti6h hanh nghien cuu d6 tai: "Mof so van de ve cong tdc xay dung Dang

thai ky 1975'200r\ di tai khoa hgc cap Dai hgc Qudc gia, ma so

QX98-04

Cdng tac xay dung Dang la mdt v^h de ra't rdng Idn, phong phu va phiic tap Khd khan Idn nha't cua chung tdi la phai bao dam tinh chinh tri tu tudng, tinh khai quat cao ciia cdng trinh, nhung lai phai cd nhirng tu lieu, su kien, vSji de cu the, sinh dgng Do dd, trong qua trinh thuc hien de tai, each giai quyd't cua chung tdi vufa tie'p can vdi cac van ki6n Dang, cac tac pham cua cac ddng chi lanh dao, ke thiia nhung thanh qua da dugc khang dinh tir

cac tai li6u t6ng k6't, hudng dan vi xay dung Dang cua ca quan chuyen mdn

ciia Trung uang Dang, vira khai thac nhung tu lieu cua cac co so dang dja

phuang, nganh, don vi d6 bo sung, lam phong phu cho vSn di nghien curu

Cac cdng trinh ma chung tdi da nghien cuu, ke thiia vi mat ly luan, -quan diem la nhung tac pham kinh dien ciia chii nghla Mac-Lenin ve Ddng

Cong sdn, tac pham ciia Ho Chi Minh va cac ddng chi lanh dao Dang ta ve Ddng Cong sdn Viet Nam Chiing tdi chii trgng tim hiSu cac hdo cao ve xay

dung Dang, sira doi Di6u le Dang, cac tap tdi lieu huang dan nghien cm

hgc tap nghi quyet cac Dai hdi; mdt so sach cd tinh chat chuyen mdn nhu

"Dieu le Ddng, tit Dai hoi den Dgi hm\ ''300 cdu hoi va trd lai ve to chuc

ca sd Ddng va ddng vien\ ''Tdi lieu boi duojig cong tdc Ddng cho hi thir chi bo va cap uy vien cas&\ ''Quy dinh, huang dan cu the thi hanh Dieu le Ddng", nh^t la cac quan di6m, danh gia ciia Ti6u ban tdng ket xay dung

Dang trong tap "Bao cao tong ket cong tdc xay dung Ddng thai k}'

J975-1995'' va "Ky yeu tong kit cong tdc xay dung Ddng {thai ky^ 1975-1995 f\

Ri6ng vdd chung tdi, vSn d6 xay dung Dang ciing da cd su quan tam nghi6n cufu tir nhi6u nam va da cd mdt sd cdng trinh dugc cdng bd trong va

nhu ngoai nude Dang ke nhu: "Ve quan he giud cac mat hoat dong chinh

tri, tu tudng va td chuc trong lich suDdng ta'\ tap chi Nghien cuu Lich sir,

5-1991; "Ve viec nghien cicu vd the hien toan dien lich su cua Ddng'\ tap chi Cdng San, 4-1992; "Ddng Cong sdn Viet Nam, cac Dgi hoi vd Hoi nghi

Trung uang (viet chung), Nxb CTQG, Ha Ngi, 1998; "Chinh sdch ddi ngogi ciia Ddng Cong sdn Viet Nam ve su hoi nhdp Viet Nam- ASEAN'\ Hdi thao

khoa hgc "EITRO-VIET IV", Dai hgc Tdng hgp Passau, CHLB Due,

9-1999; "Cuoc hanh trinh cua nhung sdng tgo'\ tap chf Cdng san, sd 6, 2000; "Bdy muai nam lich su cua Ddng, mot qua trinh ddi mai vd sdng

3-tgo'\ Ky yeu Hdi thao khoa hgc "Ky niem 70 nam thanh lap Dang Cdng

san Viet Nam", Nxb Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Ngi, 2000; "Cdch mgng Viet

Nam, mot qud trinh ddi mai vd sdng tgo'\ Ky yeu Hdi thao khoa hgc "Viet

Nam truyen thdng", Vien A-Phi, Dai hgc Tdng hgp Ldmdndxdp, Lien bang

Nga, 6-2000; "Xay dung Ddng qua cdc then ky cdch mgng'\ chuyen di cho

Hgc vien cao hgc, chuy6n nganh Lich sir DCS VN, Khoa Lich su, Trudng

DH KHXH-NV v.v

Qua su tiep can vdi cac ngudn tu lieu eua de tai, chung tdi thay rang cac cdng trinh nghien cuu, tdng ket ca'p vl md thudng cd quan di6m, nhan dinh thdng nha't vdi nghi quyet, tdng ket chung cua Dang; cdn d cap vi mo, cap dia phuang, co sd thi lai qua nhifeu van dd, su kien cu the, khdng sao cd the thu thap, phan anh bet dugc Vi vay, vdi cac ngi dung chung cua thdi ky

1975-1995 chiing tdi ca ban la ke thira va he thdng lai tir cac cong trinh da

dung Dang gdp p h ^ phuc vu hien tai va sau nay theo tinh thin cua Dai hdi

Chuang 3: KET QUA VA KINH NGHIEM

Mac du da cd nhi6u cd gang, song do cac ban che chu quan, khach quan nen cdng trinh ciia chung tdi chdc khd tranh khdi cac thieu sdt, ban che Chung tdi thanh that mong nhan dugc su chi giao eua cac ca'p quan ly,

cac nha khoa hgc di sau nay cd th6 tu chinh, nang cao chat lugng thanh

mdt chuyen khao cho cac sinh vien, hgc vien cao hgc, nghien cuu sinh chuyen nganh Lich sir Dang va cho cac can bd lam cdng tac Dang, xay dung Dang ndi chung

Nhan day, chung tdi tran trgng giri Idi cam on tdi Ban Khoa hgc Cdng nghe DHQG Ha Ngi, Trudng DHKHXH-NV, Khoa Lich sir va cac cdng tac vien, mdt sd hgc vien cao hgc, sinh vien chuyen nganh Lich sir Dang da quan tam hgp tac, giiip da trong qua trinh thuc hien de tai

Hd Noi, ngdy 10 thdng 1 nam 2003

Chu nhiem de tai

PGS.TS Ngo Dang Tri

Mac-v6 chinh tri, xay dung Dang vi tu tudng, xay dung Dang vi td chiic Ngoai

ra cdn cd cac llnh vuc quan trgng khae, nhu xay dung ddi ngil can bd, xay dung phuang thiic lanh dao cua Dang Trong cac mat cdng tac dd, xay

dung Dang v6 chinh tri la vSn di cdt tir, la nhiem vu quan trgng hang dau,

CO sd cho viec xay dung Dang vi tu tudng, td chuc va cac llnh vuc boat

dgng khae cua Dang

Xay dung Dang vi chinh tri bao gdm viec xay dung cuong llnh,

dudng Idi chinh tri va td chuc thuc hien dudng Idi Dudng Idi chinh tri la su xac dinh muc tieu, phuang hudng va giai phap ca ban cua each mang, vira the hien ban chat cua Dang vira la nggn ccr d^ tap hgp, cd vG, ddng vien quan chung, nhan td quyet dinh van menh cua Dang va cua dan tdc

Ngay tCr khi mdi ra ddi, Dang da xac dinh dudng Idi chien luge chung cua each mang Viet Nam la lam each mang dan tdc dan chu nhan

dan, sau dd ti6h \tn each mang xa hdi chu nghla Ndi each khae, dd la con

dudng doc lap dan tdc gan h6n vdi chu nghla xa hdi, mdt su lua chgn phii hgp vdi qui luat khach quan cua xa hdi Viet Nam va trao luu phat trien cua thdi dai, trd thanh ly tudng phan dau cua toan Dang, toan dan ta trong hon

70 nam qua

Trong thdi ky 1930-1954, theo eon dudng da lua chgn Dang da xay dung dudng Idi chinh tri diing dan, kien dinh va chien luge, sac sao m^m

deo ve sach luge, phong phii, sang tao va linh boat vi phuong phap, lao nen

nhan td quan trgng hang dau, ngudn gdc quyet dinh thing Igi ciia cudc each

mang thang Tam 1945 va cudc khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap xam luge 1945-1954

Sau thang 7-1954, hoan canh dat nude bi chia cat lam hai mien, vdi hai che do chinh tri khae nhau, Dang ta da nghien curu, phan U'ch nhirng dac

di6m cua each mang Vi6t Nam, tinh hinh qudc te di xay dung dudng Idi

each mang cho hai mi6n va dudng Idi chien luge chung cho ca nude Tai

Dai hdi III (9-1960) Dang da di ra dudng Idi dap ung dugc yeu cau, nhiem

vu cua timg mi6n va ca nude, phu hgp vdi bdi canh qudc te, la dudng Idi tien hanh ddng thai va k6't hgp chat che hai chien luge each mang khae nhau d hai mi6n: each mang xa hdi chu nghla d mi6n Bae va each mang dan tdc dan chu nhan dan d mi6n Nam, nham thuc hien muc tieu chung eua

ca nude la giai phdng mi6n Nam, thdng nha't T 6 qudc dua ca nude di len chu nghla xa hdi Vdi dudng Idi dd Dang da lanh dao quan dan ta vira xay dung va bao ve hau phuang mi6n Bae xa hdi chii nghla vira day manh cugc chien da'u d mi6n Nam, danh thang de qudc My va tay sai, di tdi dai thang

miia xuan 1975, thu giang son vi mdt mdi

Di6u dang luu y d day la viec xay dung chu nghla xa hdi tren nira nude trong hoan canh ca nude cd chien tranh, viec mot Dang lanh dao tien hanh ddng thdi hai chien luge each mang vi mdt muc tieu chung la chua h6

cd trong ti6n le lich sir nude ta va the gidi Vdi ban chat each mang va sang tao Dang ta da giai quyet thanh cdng mdi quan he giiia hai chien luge dd, ludn giuong cao nggn cd doc lap dan toe va chu nghla xa hdi, tranh thu dugc su ddng tinh, ung hd eua each mang the gidi, ket hgp chat che hai nhiem vu chien luge xay dung va bao ve T 6 qudc, phat buy dugc sue manh cua che dd xa hdi chu nghla phuc vu cudc khang chien curu nude, ddng thdi vin day manh xay dung chu nghla xa hdi, dat thanh tuu tren mot sd mat

Tuy nhien, d thdi ky nay Dang ta cung pham mot sd khuyet die-m

trong vide lanh dao va quan ly kinh te, di lai hau qua tieu cue cho sau na)'

Do la da thuc hien mot "ehii nghla xa hdi thdi chien", quan ly kinh te xa

hdi vdi CO che ke hoach boa tap trung cao do Trong chi dao thuc hien da qua nhan manh den "tien nhanh, tien manh" len chu nghla xa hoi khong

tinh toan day dii hinh thuc, budc di trong cai tao va xay dung kinh te, chi nham vao quan he san xuat ma khdng chii y day du den luc lugng san xuat

Vdd quan di6m lich su va bien chung, chung ta cho rang trong dieu kien

chien tranh, chii truang nhu vay ndi chung la can thiet, cd ly do khach

quan Ddng thdi ciing cd khuyet diem chu quan vi nhan thiic ma cang ve

sau cang rd, dd la su giao di6u rap khudn md hinh cua cac nude xa hdi chii nghla anh em

Xuan 1975, khi dat nude thdng nhat, Dang da cd quyet dinh diing dan la dua ca nude tien len chu nghla xa hdi Dai hdi IV cua Dang (12-

1976) da di ra dudng Idi chung vi each mang xa hdi chu nghla trong ca

nude va cac chinh sach ddi ndi, ddi ngoai quan trgng Trong viec xac dinh dudng Idi, Dang da cd gang van dung chu nghla Mac-Lenin va tu tudng Ho Chi Minh vao thuc ti6n each mang Viet Nam, phat tri6n mdt budc dudng Idi each mang xa hdi chu nghla da dugc dinh r5 tir Dai hdi III Di6m phat tri6n mdi cua Dai hdi IV la da nhan manh viec phat huy manh me quy6n lam chii

tap thi cua nhan dan lao ddng vdi mong mudn bao dam cho dan that su la

chu va lam chu dat nude

Viec di ra dudng Idi "tien hanh ddng thdi ba cugc each mang, trong

dd each mang khoa hgc ky thuat la then ehdt, cdng nghiep hoa xa hdi chu nghla la nhiem vu trung tam trong sudt thdi ky qua do" la phii hgp vdi ddi hdi cua mdt nude di tijr san xuat nhd len san xuat Idn xa hdi chu nghla

Nhung vide xac dinh phan da'u hoan thanh v6 co ban qua trinh dua nin kinh

te nude ta til san xua't nhd 16n san xuat Idn xa hdi chu nghla (ket thiie thdi

ky qua dd) trong khoang 20 nam, tijr dd dan den bd qua chu truang "budc di ban dau" neu trong Nghi quyet Trung uang 22 va chu truang "nhidu thanh phan kinh te d mien Nam" neu trong Nghi quyet Trung uang 24 (khoa III),

la chii quan ndng vdi, danh gia khdng diing tinh hinh thuc tidn dat nude va qudc te

Den Dai hoi V (3-1982), dudng Idi tren day dugc cu the hoa them bang ke hoach Nha nude 5 nam lan thu 3 (1981-1985) trong dd cong nghiep nang vdi quy md Idn dugc tap trung uu tien da\' manh ngay tir dau

11

quy md hgp tac xa ndng nghiep dugc md rdng qua muc Tren thuc te, chung da ta da bd qua thdi ky khdi phuc kinh te sau khang chien chdng

My, ma bat tay vao viec phat tridn kinh te vdi quy md Idn va tdc do cao Vide bd tri co cau san xua't va co cau dau tu khdng hgp ly, vugt qua ngudn luc cd san trong nude va cd thd tranh thu ngudn luc ben ngoai Cdng cudc cai tao cac thanh p h ^ kinh te ca thd va tu ban tu doanh d midn Nam dugc

tid'n hanh mdt each vdi va, 6 at va ca ban van rap khudn theo hinh mku o

midn Bae, khdng tao ra ddng luc phat tridn Vide thuc hien "4 cap cimg lam chu tap the", "xay dung kinh te Trung uang va kinh te dia phuang", "td ehijfc lai san xua't theo quy md Idn trong ndng nghiep" da keo theo vide md rdng quy md hgp tac xa, quy md xa, quy md huydn, quy mo tinh Co che td ehure san xua't, kinh doanh va quan ly ap dung d midn Bae trong thdi ky dau xay dung chu nghla xa hdi va trong thdi chien dugc md rdng ra ca nude, bd qua nhung chu truang diing dan da de ra liie dau

Thuc hien dudng Idi eua Dai hdi IV, nude ta da xay dung dugc mdt

sd cdng trinh va co cd cdng nghiep quan frgng tao thuan Igi cho vide dn dinh va phat trien kinh te ngay nay, dd la didu phai khang dinh Song nhin chung dudng Idi Dai hdi IV trdn thuc te da khdng dua lai hidu qua mong mudn, nhidu muc tidu kinh te- xa hdi khdng dat dugc, ddi sdng nhan dan gap khd khan Idn, lam giam siit niem tin ddi vdi chu nghla xa hdi

Hdi nghi Trung uang 6 (khoa IV), thang 8-1979 da dua ra mdt sd

quyet dinh quan trgng nham lam cho san xuat "bung ra" Do la chap nhan d

midn Bdc ngoai hai hinh thufc sd hiiu nha nude va tap the la chu yeu, cdn cd thanh p h ^ kinh td' ca the; d midn Nam trong chiing muc nhat dinh cdn cd thdm kinh te tu ban tu doanh ed nhd; chdng tap trung quan lidu, bao dam quydn lam chu vd kinh te cua cac nganh cac cap; ket hgp ke hoach vdi sir dung thi trudng, ket hgp diing dan 3 Igi ich: nha nude, tap thd va ca nhan ngudi lao dgng; lay nang suat lao ddng, san xuat phai tridn va ddi sdng nhan dan dugc cai thidn lam tieu chuan cao nhat de danh gia su diing dan cua chinh sach Vdi nhirng quan didm mdi nhu vay Hoi nghi Trung uang 6 (khoa IV) la mdc danh dau su khdi dau ddi mdi tu duv kinh le ciia Dano la

Tiep sau dd, Bd Chinh tri da ra Nghi quyet 26 (23-6-1980) vd phan

phdi luu thdng va co che quan ly, xac dinh phai xoa bd dan co che tap trung

quan lidu bao cap, kd't hgp ke hoach vdi thi trudng bao gdm hai bd phan: thi trudng cd t6 chuc va thi trudng tu do: thijra nhan he thdng gia ca do Nha nude quy dinh khdng cdn phu hgp, khdng cdn la thude do gia tri, tir dd di den khang dinh he thdng gia ca phai dugc sira doi theo 3 hudng: bao dam chi phi san xua't do didu kien san xua't quyet dinh; xet den quan he cung c^u; n'nh den ddng tidn da mat gia

Dae biet, thang 1-1981, Ban Bi thu cd Chi thi 100/CT vd khoan san pham den nhdm lao ddng va ngudi lao ddng trong hgp tac xa ndng nghiep, ddng thdi cd nhiing chu truang than trgng ban vd hgp tac boa ndng nghiep

d cac tinh Nam Bd Thdi gian nay, Chinh phu ed Quyet dinh 25-CP vd "ke hoach 3 phan" trong cac xi nghiep qudc doanh

Cac chi thi, quyet dinh nay cua Ban Bi thu va Chinh phu la su tdng ket tinh hinh thuc tidn tir co sd liie dd va la ket qua cua ca mot qua trinh dau tranh khae phuc nhiing tu tudng giao didu, bao thu, tri trd, ddng thdi ngan ngiia khuynh hudng lech lac, budng long quan ly Vide thuc hien mot sd chii truang mdi da cd tac dung thuc day ndng nghiep, tidu thu cdng nghiep phat tridn, lam cho mdt sd co sd kinh te qudc doanh duy tri va phat tridn dugc san xua't, bao dam dugc vide lam va tien luang cho cdng nhan

Den 3-1982, tai Dai hdi lan thu V, Dang ta da cd thdm mot sd nhan thiic mdi, da tha'y dugc phan nao nguydn nhan gay ra khd khan to Idn cho da't nude la thieu luang thuc, da ed su phd phan tu tudng ndng vdi, bao thu, nen cd dieu chinh mdt budc dang kd ve dudng Idi nhu trong ca cau kinh te, nhan manh ncng nghiep la mat tran hang dau, dua ndng nghiep mdi budc len san xua't Idn xa hdi chu nghla, ra sue phat trien hang tidu dung va tiep tuc xay dung mdt sd nganh cdng nghiep nang quan trgng va can thiet, true tiep phuc vu cho ncng nghiep va cdng nghiep san xuat hang tidu diing coi day la ngi dung cua cdng nghiep hoa xa hdi chu nghla trong chang dudng dau

Tuy vay, Dai hdi V cho rang dudng Idi xay dung chu nghla xa hdi trong thdi ky qua do ve co ban van bao gdm nhiing quan niem nhu trudc nhu Dai hdi IV Dai hdi V van chua thay diing mufc nguydn nhan chu quan

vd lanh dao, chi dao va quan ly dan den tinh hinh khd khan ay, van khang dinh dudng Idi chung la hoan toan diing, cdn khuyet didm chi la trong khau

td chufc thuc hien, ndn da khdng cd dugc nhiing sira cbtra diing miic can thid't Do dd Dai hdi V vin dd ra ndi dung va muc tieu kinh te - xa hoi kha cao, ciing vdi nhiing nguyen nhan khae din den lam phat tang nhanh, ddi sdng nhan dan tie'p tuc gap nhidu khd khan

Trdn thuc te, sau Dai hdi V, vide didu chinh co cau kinh te, co cau dau tu cua Trung uang da khdng dugc thuc hien; khdng dam kidn quyet sip xd'p lai san xua't va xay dung co ban, khdng dut khoat cat bd nhiing cdng trinh xet ra chua cin thidt dd danh thdm vdn va vat tu cho phat tridn ndng nghidp va cdng nghiep hang tidu dung Cdng cudc cai tao xa hdi chu nghla

d midn Nam vin tiep tuc dugc day manh vdi by vgng can ban hoan thanh trong vdng 5 nam Cac hinh thuc kinh td chua cd nhiing ddi mdi cin thiet Didu dd chii yeu la do chua khic phuc dugc tu tudng chu quan ndng vdi Mat khae, qiia trinh "bung ra" liic dau cd phin tu phai, Idn xdn, din den cac hien tugng vd td ehure, budng long quan ly kinh te, quan ly xa hdi, ciing cac td nan tidu cue khae Tinh hinh ay lam cho su thdng nhat y chi va hanh ddng trong Dang bi giam siit nghidm trgng*Theo Nghi quyet Trung uang 8 (khoa V), thang 5-1985, cudc cai each gia- luang- tidn thang 9-1985 tuy cd

y thiie tim tdi d6i mdi, mudn xoa bd co ehd' tap trung quan lieu bao cap, chuydn sang hoach toan trong san xua't kinh doanh, nhung thuc te da pham nhung sai lim Idn, din den hau qua xau vd nhidu mat Phai dgi den nira cudi nam 1986, den Hdi nghi Bd Chinh tri thang 10/1986, nhiing quan didm tao thanh dudng Idi ddi mdi ciia Dang mdi dugc ndu Idn mot each loan dien

va kliing dinh dut khoat

Nhu vay, vd dai thd, trong thdi k\' 1975-1986 cdng tac xay dung Dang vd chinh tri chinh la qua trinh xay dung dudng Idi each mang xa hgi

chu nghla va hinh thanh dudng Idi doi mdi ciia Dang Qua trinh dd cd may didm dang luu y nhu sau:

Thu nhat, ve phan ky qua trinh xay dung Dang vd chinh tri thdi ky

1975-1986 dai the cd thd chia ra 3 thdi doan: Tir thang 5/1975 den Dai hdi

IV (12/1976), chii yeu tap trung lanh dao thuc hien hoan thanh thdng nhat nude nha vd mat Nha nude, xay dung Nha nude Cdng Hda Xa Hdi Chu Nghla Vidt Nam, xay dung dudng Idi chung va dudng Idi kinh te cho thdi

ky qua dd, the hien quyet tam dua ca nude di Idn chii nghla xa hdi Tir Dai hdi IV den Dai hdi V (12/1976-3/1982), thuc hien dudng Idi chung va dudng Idi kinh te vdi tu duy co ban la ke hoach hoa tap trung, hai thanh phan kinh te, uu tidn cdng nghidp nang, diy manh cdng nghidp hda; xuat hien y tudng d6i mdi d Hdi nghi Trung uang 6 (8/1979) vd "bung ra" trong san xuat, nhung chua dugc khing dinh Tir Dai hdi V den Dai hdi VI (3/1982-12/1986), co ban dudng Idi nhu Dai hdi IV, nhung da ed bd sung vao dudng Idi chung quan diem coi xay dung va bao vd Td qudc la hai nhiem vu chien luge Dudng Idi kinh te cd quan didm coi ndng nghiep la mat tran hang diu, tuy nhien trong thuc te quan didm nay chua dugc quan triet va chip hanh tdt

Thu hai, day la nhirng nam dat nude vira phii tap trung khic phuc

nhiing hau qua nang nd eua cudc khang chien chdng My, cuu nude vira phai duang dau vdi hai cugc chien tranh bidn gidi bet sue phuc tap, ddng thdi phai ddi phd vdi chinh sach bao vay cam van ciia cac the luc thii dich Day ciing la nhiing nam ma nhugc diem cua md hinh va co che quan ly kinh te

cu bdc Id ngay cang rd va trd thanh sure can Idn tdi su phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, din den khung hoang kinh te - xa hdi nghidm trgng Chinh trong thdi gian dd, tu duy mdi timg budc hinh thanh va phat trien, bidu hien cu the d Nghi quyet Trung uang 6 (khoa IV), Nghi quyet Dai hdi V, Nghi quyei Trung uang 8 (khoa V), cudi ciing la ket luan cua Bg Chinh tri (khoa V) ba quan didm Idn ve kinh te; cai tao quan he sin xuat; ddi mdi co cau kinh te;

ddi mdi ca che quin ly Khi ba quan diem dd dugc khing dinh thi cdt loi

cua tu du\ doi mdi kinh te ciia Dang dugc hinh thanh

15

Thu' ba, nhiing sai lim, khuyet didm vd lanh dao kinh te - xa hdi

trong thdi ky nay, nhu Dai hdi VI danh gia, la "nhiing sai lim nghidm trgng

va keo dai vd chii truang chinh sach Idn, sai lim vi chi dao chien luge va to

chiic thuc hien" Nguydn nhan sau xa cua nhirng sai lim dd la benh chii quan duy y chi, Idi suy nghi va hanh dgng gian don ndng vdi, khdng ton trgng quy luat khach quan, nhan thiic ve chu nghla xa hdi khdng diing vdi thuc td' Viet Nam, thieu dan ehii, khdng ling nghe y kien ciia nhan dan va ca'p dudi; d mdt sd can bd lanh dao cip cao cd phin say sua vdi thing Igi giai phdng midn Nam, ndn thieu su tinh tao trong phan tich tinh hinh, khdng ludng hd't khd khan khi di vao xay dung kinh te

Thu tu, qua trinh ra ddi va phat tridn ciia tu duy mdi ciing la qua

trinh khic phuc tu duy cii khdng cdn phu hgp Cudc dau tranh dd da didn ra trong sinh boat ngi bd cac to chuc trong he thdng chinh tri, trong cac hgp tac xa, cac xi nghidp va cudi ciing dugc ket luan d co quan lanh dao cua Dang Nhin toan cue, su thio luan, tranh luan nhiing quan didm khae nhau cudi cung qua boat dgng thuc tidn da dat dugc su nhat tri trdn mot sd van dd

ca ban ve quan didm kinh te Qua trinh hinh thanh tu duy mdi cung la qua

trinh thay doi md hinh va co che quan ly cii Khi c6 Chi thi 100 thi mo hinh hgp tac xa ndng nghidp da bit diu cd su thay ddi bg phan Khi co Quyet

dinh 25 CP thi ke hoach boa tap tmng qua miic trong cac xi nghidp ciing dugc d6i mdi mot phin Chinh nhd qua trinh doi mdi timg phin nhu vay da tao da phat tridn, dua nude ta ehi trong may nam sau dai hgi doi mdi - Dai hdi VI dat dugc nhiing thanh tuu quan trgng vd kinh te, nhit la vd luang thuc

2 CONG TAC TUTUdNG

xay dung Ding vd tu tudng la mot bd phan hiiu ca, quan trgng cua

cdng tac xay dung Dang Ndi dung xay dung Dang vd tu tucmg la giir vung ndn tang tu tudng cua Dang, bao dim dinh hudng chinh tri diing dan cho mgi boat ddng cua he thdng chinh tri, xay dung ddi sdng tinh thin tdt dep cho nhan dan

TEiiiyy^MTH[7WEriN_TWV:fN

Sau dai M n g Miia xuSn 1975, Dang chu trirang lanh dao nhan dan

ca nirac birac sang giai doan mc'i, xSy dung vit bao vc T6 qudc xa hoi chu ngiiia Nhiem vu trgng liim cua th6i kv nay la thuc hien chit trucmg hoan tlianh thong nh^i v^ mai nha nur^c C6ng tac xay diing Dang v^ chi'nh iri, tu

tuc'tig i6 chiJc, nliS't la v^ m tuong a giai doan chuyen liep nay dugc dac biet

coi trong, song cung cd nhi£u kho khan, phdc lap Trgng tam cua c6ng tac

tu tucmg trong nhung nam 1975-1976 la isip trung vao tuyen truven th^ng

Igi cua cugc khang chien ch6ng My, cihi nu6c tuy^n truyen cho muc ti&u hoa hinh lh6ng nh^t To quoc hoaji thanh thong nhSt v^ mat nha nude, dua

ca nude ciing di len chii nghTa xa hgi Vdi klii the chien th^ng chung v6i sit ung hi) cua th^'gidi Dang da lanh dao nhSn dan hoan thanh nhanh gon, tdt dep cugc b&u cu Qudc h6i chung (4/1976), liip nen nha nude C6ng Hoa Xa Hdi Chu Nghla Vi^t Nam (7/1976)

0 thai ky 12/1976-3/1982, tliuc hien Nglii quyet Dai hoi TV Dang

da lanh dao to chirc dua ca nude di len chu nghTa xa hgi theo mo hinii cil

{k6 hoach hoa tap trung cao dgj, Cdng tac tu tuong irong thcrj gian nay la

phuc vn cho nhifem vu chinli tri dd c6 nhung iru didm nhung cung c6 nhi6u

han che Tmli hinh tu luong cua can bg, dang vi^n nhan dan la ihcii ky nay liic dAu rSt phan khai, lac quan v^ con duong di len chii nghTa xa h6i th^m chf cd bS phin thai qua, tliien v6 mat thu^n Igi, vao ehi6u hudng phat tri^n idi dep eua dat nude, kh6ng tha.y hel kho klian, phiic lap eua llioi ky mdi

Theo ducmg 16"i cua Dai h6i IV, cdng t^c tu tuong li^p tiic t&p trung vao vi^c [uy6n tmy^n th^ng Igi, phai huy truyen th6ng each mang, d6ng vien toan Dang, toan d ^ thue hi^n thang Igi nliiem vu xay dung va bao ve

T 6 quoc trong giai doan mdi, dinh hudng dat nude di ]&n iheo con duong

chii nghTa xa hgi, nang cao hieu bi^t v6 dudng loi each mang xa h6i chu

nghia PhucM; cho vi^c thuc hien ke hoacK? nam lan thu hai (1976-1980)

b mi^n Nam, c6ng tac lu tudng t&p trung d^y manh Luyen truy&n nhi^ni ^'U

cai lao xa hgi chu nghla, x^y dung quan he san xual mdi, x^y dung nen van hoa va con ngudi mdi xa hdi chu nghla Cdng tac tu tuong da gop phan lo Idn van dgng nh&n d^n nhanh chdng di vao con dudug lam an tap th6 lao

t7

ndn su thdng nhat toan dien dit nude Trong sin xuit, Dang cung da sdm

phat hien va ed vu cho mot sd nhan td mdi dac biet trong vide ddi mdi ca

cau quan ly ndn kinh te theo tinh thin Nghi quyet Trung uong 6 (khoa IV) chu truang giai phdng luc lugng sin xuat, "bung ra'" trong sin xuat kinh doanh, thuc hien "ba Igi ich" kinh te

Dd chdng lai su bao va}' cam van chien tranh bidn gidi Tay Nam va phia Bae, cdng tac tu tudng cd liic ndi len van dd nang cao y thuc giir vung hoa binh, tinh thin canh giae each mang, y thue ddc lap tu ehii, bao vd Td qudc xa hdi chii nghia trong dieu kidn mdi, khdng chiu khuat phuc trudc bat cii the luc xam luge nao

Den nam 1981, khi kd't thiic ke hoach 5 nam lin thu hai, ndn kinh te nude ta ed mdt sd thanh tuu dang kd son|» khd khan xuat hien ngay cang nhidu, mat cin ddi, khimg hoing niy sinh nhat la vd kinh te Dai hgi V ciia

Dang (3/1982) da cd nhin nhan nguydn nhan ciia su yeu kem, co sira ddi bd

sung mot sd didm trong dudng Id'i chung va dudng Idi kinh te, nhu coi xay dung va bao vd Td qudc la hai nhiem \ai chien ludc ciia each mang Viet Nam, phai tap trung cho ndng nghidp, coi ndng nghidp la mat tran hang diu, song chua that nghidm khic phd phan tu tudng ndng vdi, chii quan, duy y chi, chua manh dan doi mdi cdng tac can bg

Thuc hien Nghi quyet Dai hdi Dang lin thu" V, cdng tac tu tudng nhiing nam 1982-1986 la phat huy uu didm cua cdng tac tu tudng dat dugc vao vide giii vimg dinh hudng xa hdi chu nghia, on dinh tinh hinh trudc nhiing bien ddng ngay cang pbiic tap cua tinh hinh chinh tri the gidi, nhat la tac ddng cua tinh hinh cac nude xa hgi ehii nghia d Ddng Au va Lidn Xd Mat khae, day la thdi ky Dang ta tran trd tim kid'm con dudng mdi dd di Idn, xuat bidn nhiing ddt pha, nhirng yeu td mdi, theo tu duy mdi Do dd cdng tac tu tudng cung dan xen giira mat bio thii tri trd va doi mdi, nang dgng, giira lac quan va bi quan, giua huu khuynh vira ta khuynh

- Thanh tuu cua cdng tac xay dung Dang thdi ky 1975-1986, la da xuit phat til nhiem \ai chinh tri, phuc \v chinh tri theo 3 thdi ky nhd va mdi

thdi kv da dat dugc nhirng kd't qua dang ke:

+ Tir thing 5/1975 den Dai hdi IV (12/1976), da tap trung tuydn truydn, giao due can bd, dang vidn, nhan dan chuydn nhan thiic, tinh thin,

tu duy, phong each tir thdi chien sang thdi binh, tir chien dau la chinh sang xay dung la chinh, hoan thanh thdng nhat nude nha vd mat nha nude

+ Tir Dai hgi IV den Dai hdi V (3/1982) day manh cdng tac tu tudng, ra siic tuydn truydn, giao due tinh than lam chu tap thd, nhidt tinh each mang, phaii dau xay dung ehii nghia xa hdi theo tu duy, md hinh cii,

c6 nhiing kd't qui, song hidu qua kinh te thap, dat nude lam vao khimg

hoang; xuit hien y tudng doi mdi diu tidn nhung chua dugc khing dinh

+ Tir Dai hdi V den Dai hdi VI (12/1986), tiep tuc giao due tu tudng, ly luan theo tu duy cii, ddng thdi ra siic tim tdi sang tao, doi mdi timg phin con dudng di Idn chu nghia xa hdi

- Khuyet diem ehung eua cdng tac tu tudng thdi ky 1975-1986 la:

-I- Khdng ludng bet va chua lam cho dang vidn va nhan dan nhan rd nhiing khd khan, gian kho, phuc tap trong thdi ky mdi, cdn nang vd tuydn truydn mot chidu nhiing thanh tuu va thuan Igi Mot sd chinh sach, chu yeu trong cai tao xa hdi chu nghia va trong quan ly kinh te- xa hgi, da bdc Id nhiing thiet sdt khdng phii hgp vdi quy luat khach quan, nhung cdng tac tu tudng chua thang thin va manh dan thuc bidn chuc nang phin hdi thdng tin vdi lanh dao Cach lam nhidu khi cdn thu dgng, ddn ep, cd liic udn nin nhiing lech lac hiiu khuynh thi lai ciing nhie Vi khdng thay hd't tinh chit phiic tap khd khan cua thai ky mdi, ndn vira chua tap trung cao cho cdng tac giao due tri thiic each mang, eham dau tranh chdng cac hien tugng tidu cue trong tinh hinh mdi; nim tinh hinh khdng sat ndn chua dd xuat nhiing chinh sach, bidn phap diing dan ddi vdi mdt sd van dd xa hdi phiic tap

+ Cdng tac tu tudng cdn giao didu, duy y chi, chua sat thuc tidn ddi sdng kinh te Khi mot sd dan vi, ca nhan nang ddng doi mdi md dudng,

\argt qua khd Ichan di Idn, ihi cdng tac tu tudng nhidu luc quan lidu, chua nim bit dugc tam trang va nguyen vgng chinh dang ciia can bg, dang vien

va nhan dan, chua gdp phin tich cue va kip thdi phat hien cai mdi trong thuc tidn dd \ara giiip chi dao thuc hien va bd sung hoan thidn dudng Idi

19

ehinli sach, viia khae phuc tSm trang bi quan dao ddng giam sut long lin trong nhan dan Nhi^u luc che khen che mdt ehi^u boat: ba phai

+ Tinh du bao va kha nang ehu^n bi tu tudng cho can bd dang vi^n nhan dan trudc nhung dien bien phiJc tap ciia linh hinh trong nude va nude

ngoai chua cao, chua kip thdi tham chi cd luc bi dgng, lung tdng Trudc nhung bidu hien khiing hoang kijih i€- xa hgi, rrong Dang da cd cudc d£Eu

tranh tu tudng chung quanli vice nhan ihiic va thuc hi^n co che quan ]y mdi

cd hi$u qua hon, Co thc^ ndi dd la cudc d^u u-anh budc d^u xac lap tu duy mdi, tim tdi phuong phap va each lam trong giai doan mdi phan anh sinh

dCing nhu c^u lim loi mgt dudng Idi chinh sach phu hgp vdi thuc lien, gk\

vdi liicu qua kinh te- xa hgi, o day cd su ddng gdp quan irgng eua bao ch;,

ly luan va eac co quan luyen huan khae ciia Dang Trong hon 10 n5m d^u lanh ea nude di l^n chu nghia xa hdi (1975-1985) qua irinii tim tdi dudng Idi ddi mdi ciia Dang ciing la qua riinh dien ra cudc da'u tranh lu ludng trong Dang, giiia cai mdi va cai cu, giira bao thu va tu duy doi mdi lay hieu qua kinh le- xa hdi lam thude do Cude diu tranh tu tuong do la lien Tue sdi noi, sau rdng quyei liet khdng IrAnh khoi ed luc cd noi mac phai sai l^m dang lie'e, song nhin chung la Ibih manh hudng idi ehan ly cudi cijng dane dua tdi su thanh cong ciia lu tudng diJng duoe khang dinh lai Dai hgi VI CLia Dang

Kinh nghiem ciia cdng tdc tu tudng thdi ky 1975-1986 la \ij'a phai

xua'i phat tir dudng Idi chinh tri vira phai bam sat thirc li^n sinh dgng.'giir vai Iro chu ddng phai hien, Idng ket cai mdi, gdp p h ^ hoan chinh dudng idi

3 \ ' E X A y D U N G H E T H 6 N G T 6 c H i r C VABdMAYCUADANG Trong cdng lac x^\' dimg Dang xa dung Dang ve i6 chlxe la mdt

bd phan hei siie quan trong, Ciang nhu xSy dung Dang ve tu luctng, xav

dung Dang v^ i6 chuc phai xuat phat ih nhiem vu chinh Iri, phuc vu nliicm

vu chinh tri

xay dung Dang vd td ehiic bao gdm nhidu van dd: tir vide xa\ dung

he thdng td ehiie va co cau bd may, xac dinh chiic nang nhiem \ai ddn co che van hanh; tir bd tri can bd den xay dung phuang thiic, Id Idi lam vide; tir vide thuc hien cac nguydn tic td ehiic ddn vide quan ly, kiem tra hoat ddng eua cac thanh vidn trong td ehiie nbim dam bao cho vide thuc hien thing Igi dudng loi va nhidm vu chinh tri, cho su thdng nhat y chi va hanh dgng cua toan Dang

- Ve xay dung he thdng td chuc vd bo mdy cua Ddng, sau Dai thang

mua xuan 1975, ciing vdi qua trinh thiet lap, cung cd he thdng chinh quy en, doan thd each mang d midn Nam, tien hanh thdng nhat Td qudc vd mat Nha nude va cac doan thd nhan dan Ding da chu trgng xay dung he thdng td chiic Dang d midn Nam va thdng nhit he thdng Dang trdn pham vi c i nude

Ky hgp diu tidn cua Qudc hdi khoa VI (7-1976) va Dai hdi lin thii IV ciia Dang (12-1976) xet trdn gdc do td chiic chinh la nhiing cdt mdc danh dau

su hinh thanh he thdng chinh tri mdi d nude ta, he thdng chinh tri xa hgi chu nghia (thdi ky dd ggi la ndn chuydn chinh vd sin) trong dd Ding viia la mdt bd phan viia la hat nhan lanh dao cua ca he thdng

Trudc nam 1975, do hoan canh chien tranh ac lidt, dit nude bi phan chia lam 2 midn, mdt sd viing do didu kidn kinh te eham phat tridn, giao thdng lidn lac kem, ndn he thdng td chiic ciia Dang da phai phan chia ra

nhidu cip, nhidu hinh thiic td chiic quan ly khae nhau (^ cac tinh Nam Bd

va cue nam Trung bd, hinh thiic to chiie thdi ky dd cd 6 cip la: Trung uong; Trung uang cue; khu hoac phan khu; tinh, thanh phd true thude khu; huydn, quan; xa, phuong 6 khu V, Tay Nguydn, Binh-Tri- Thidn, Viet Bic, Tay Bae la 5 cip: Trung uong, khu; tinh; huydn; xa 0 cac tinh ddng bing, trung

du Bic bd va khu IV cii la 4 cip: Trung uong; tinh, thanh phd; huydn, quan;

xa, phuong Md hinh to chiic dd da dugc kiem nghidm la phii hgp vdi tinh hinh thuc te, dap ling ydu eiu lanh dao cua Dang trong thdi chien, vdi ndn kinh te tap trung bao cap

Sau thang 4 nam 1975, khi each mang chuydn sang giai doan mdi Dang da xay dung, cimg cd, kidn toan he thdng td chiic lanh dao va quan Iv

21

phu hgp vai tinh hinh va ydu eiu mdi 6 midn Nam, Dang lanh dao thanh

lap cac Uy ban quan quan, timg budc xa\' dung, cung co chinh quydn each

mang cac cap d midn Nam Giai thd Tmng uong cue midn Nam va giai thd cap khu, t6 ehiie lai dia gidi hanh chinh - lanh thd tinh va thanh phd true thude tmng uang Dap ling nguydn vgng thidng lieng cua toan Dang, toan dan, Dang da lanh dao vide thdng nhat vd mat nha nude, biu cu Qudc hdi, thanh lap Chinh phii va cac co quan tu phap cua nude Cdng hda Xa hdi chii nghia Vidt Nam, thdng nhit eac td chiic chinh tri - xa hdi cua ca nude

Tid'p dd Dang da tidn hanh Dai hdi dai bidu toan qudc lin thii FV va Dai hdi cac cip cua Dang, dd ra dudng loi chinh tri cua giai doan mdi, biu Ban Chip hanh Trung uang va cip uy cac cip Thdng nhit nude nha vd mat Nha nude, tidn hanh Dai hdi lin thii FV eua Dang la thanh tuu to Idn, cd y nghla CO ban va lau dai trong cdng tac td chiic cua Dang khi dit nude budc vao giai doan mdi Theo chu truang dua ndn kinh te di Idn san xuat Idn, md rdng quy md san xuit di ddi vdi md rdng pham vi hanh chinh cap tinh, tang cudng cip huydn eua Dai hdi IV, til nam 1976, cdng tac xay dung Ding vd

td chiic da dugc gin vdi vide didu chinh quy md dia gidi ciia cap quan ly hanh chinh - lanh tho Tuy nhidn, vide dieu chinh dia gidi hanh chinh, thanh lap cac tinh Idn, ehii trgng cap huydn ciing da dat ra nhidu van dd cin dugc nhin nhan mdt each diing din, lidn quan den cdng tac xay dung Dang

ve td chiic

Thue te xay dung Dang vd to chiic trong he thdng chinh tri thdi ky nay n6i Idn miy vaii dd dang chii y:

Mot la, xay dung Dang gin lidn vdi didu chinh dia gidi hanh chinh,

cd mat thanh cdng nhung ciing cd mat chua thanh cdng Sau nam 1975, ta

da sat nhap 71 tinh, thanh phd thanh 35 tinh, 3 thanh phd va 1 dac khu true thude Trung uong Den nam 1985, kd't thiic qua trinh xay dung cap huydn theo CO eiu kinh te mdi, tir 465 hiiydn, sip xd'p lai cdn 425 huydn (kd ca quan, huydn, thi, thanh phd true thude tinh la 506 dcm vi) Vide didu chinh dia gidi hanh chinh - lanh thd trong ca nude thdi ky diu da cd tac dung lam cho mdi don vi tinh, huydn cd quy md Idn ban vd tai nguyen, vd dan sd va

lao ddng, thuan Igi cho vide xay dung eac tinh cdng - ndng nghiep huydn ndng - cdng nghidp, la eac dan vi tu chu vd ke hoach va ngan sach de di len sin xuit Idn Theo hudng dd, ciing da didu chinh quy md dia gidi nhidu xa phuong Da t6 chiie mot each phd bien eac tap doan sin xuat va mot sd hgp tie xa d cac tinh m.idn Nam, t6 chiie nhidu hgp tac xa quy md toan xa d midn Bae, midn Trung

Mdt sd tinh, huydn sau khi sat nhap da tap tmng dugc siic ngudi siic eua de xay dung cac cdng trinh thuy Igi, dudng sa, cum kinh te ky thuat, CO sd san xuit, kinh doanh, cac hdn hidp kinh te ky thuat (che, ca phd, cao su, mia dudng, trdng riJmg, ); phat huy tinh thin tu chu cua dia phuang trong vide phat trien kinh te; thue hien nhiem vu luu thong phan phdi, bao dam nhirng nhu eiu thid't ydu eua nhan dan Mdt sd tinh, huydn tir sau khi dugc sat nhap da ciing cd vd td chiie, ed kha nang on dinh lau dai

Thue tidn cho thiy, vide giai quyet van dd quy md, dia gidi cua cac don vi hanh chinh - lanh thd phai dua trdn co sd nghidn ciiu khoa hgc, tinh toan diy du cac ydu td ve kinh te, xa hgi, dan sd, lich sir truyen thdng, tam

ly, tap quan, cac didu kidn giao thdng lidn lac, nhit la kha nang quin ly, didu hanh ciia mdi cip, tuong ling vdi tien bg khoa hgc ky thuat da dat dugc trong mdi thdi ky

Hai Id, vaji dd dat ra la di ddi vdi didu chinh dia gidi hanh chinh

nhu trdn, t6 chiic Dang ciing phai dugc sip xep lai mot each tuong ling, phu hgp Vide cung cd, kidn toan he thdng td chiic cua Dang dugc tien hanh

ciing vdi vide tidn hanh cd ai nd'p dai hdi Dang cac cap, eham lo ciing cd,

kidn toan cac ca'p uy dang tii Ban Chip hanh Trung uomg ddn cac cip uy dia phuang va co sd

Td chile bd may cua eua co quan Ding, chinh quyen cac cap tir

1975 ddn 1985, vdi nhidu ly do, da phinh Vd qua Idn, nhidu ting nic trung

gian 6 cip Trung uang, thdi ky cao nhat (1981-1985) cd 26 bg, 8 i^y ban

va CO quan ngang bd, gin 20 tdng cue Trong cac bg nganh nam 1981 da lap 766 vu, cue, 2.430 phdng, 120 vidn nghidn ciiu (sau nay phai tridn len

275 vidn, tmng tam trong ca nude) 0 cac dia phuang cung phai trien

23

nhidu diu moi vdi ban 2.000 sd, ty d cap tinh; ban 10.300 phdng, ban d cap huydn O c^p co sd: cac xi nghidp, hgp tac xa van boat dgng theo co ehd kd hoach boa tap tmng, quan hdu bao cip, chua thd hien dugc quydn tu chu vd kinh te Cac lien hidp xi nghidp, tdng cdng ty ciing da dugc hinh thanh, nhung ndi chung boat ddng nhu mot cip quan ly trung gian, kem hidu qua

Ba la, cd han che trdn la do co che quin ly cii keo dai va do nhiing

khd khan khach quan nhu dit nude phai ddi phd vdi hai cudc chien tranh bidn gidi, lam nghla vu qudc te, chua cd hoa binh thuc su, ndn mdt sd chii truang vd kidn toan td chiie, nang cao chit lugng bg may cac cip da khdng dugc thue bidn hoac thuc hien it kd't qua

- Xay dung td chuc ca sd ddng va dpi ngu ddng vien, la van dd cd vi

tri quan trgng trong cdng tac xay dung Dang Day la hai mat cua mdt vin

dd, cd mdi quan he hihi ca, tac ddng lin nhau Ddi ngu dang vidn cd chit

lugng tdt la nhan td co ban bao dam cho to ehiic co sd ding viing manh: mat khae td ehiic co sd dang viing manh la dieu kidn quan trgng de nang cao chit lugng ddi ngu dang vidn

To chiie co sd la ndn tang cua Dang, noi true tiep dua dudng Id'i, chii truang cua Dang den vdi dang vidn nhan dan ddng thdi la noi to chiic thuc bidn dudng loi chu truang cua Ding Trong hoan cinh chien tranh, do thdng tin lanh dao nhieu liie eham trd, phai phat huy su nang dgng, sang tao cua CO sd ndn vai trd ciia co sd dang la hd't siic quan trgng Chuydn sang giai doan each mang mdi Ding ta tid'p tuc quan tam chi dao nang cao siic chien dau va nang luc lanh dao toan dien ciia cac td ehiic co so dang, nhat

la nang luc lanh dao chinh quydn, xay dun^ va phat tridn kinh te, cii thidn ddi sdng nhan dan, giii viing an ninh va qudc phdng, cimg cd mdi quan he mat thid't vdi cac ting lap nhan dan Dang da cd nhidu cd ging trong vide bdi duang, phat huy nhiing nhan td mdi, eiing cd cac co sd yeu kem, eham

lo dao tao, bdi dudng, nang cao trinh do cap uy vidn va can bg chu ehdt co

sd

Dd'n Dai hdi IV (1976) toan Dang cd 22.870 td chiic co so Dang va 79.605 chi bd true thude dang uy ea sd; trong dd d mien Bae va d cac td chiic dang true thude Tmng uang cd 18.844 co sd

Trong thdi ky 1976-1986, dap ling ydu cau cua sin xuat ddi sdng

va do gan lidn vdi thue tidn, nim bit kip thdi nguydn vgng va su sang tao cua quin chung, mdt sd t6 ehiie ca sd dang d cac vimg ndng thdn va doanh nghidp nha nude da lanh dao quan chiing tim tdi thao go khd khan, dd xuat nhiing chu truang doi mdi (khoan san phim trong ndng nghidp, kd hoach

ba phin trong cac doanh nghidp ) tao ra nhirng chuydn bidn mdi, ddng gdp vao vide hinh thanh cac quan diem, chinh sach doi mdi cua Dang Nhung phin Idn cac co sd vin khdng vugt qua dugc tinh trang boat ddng thu dgng theo CO che quan ly ke hoach hoa tap tmng, quan lidu, bao cip Mdt sd td ehiic CO sd dang cd bidu hien budng long lanh dao, bit luc trudc cac hien tugng tidu cue va nhiing didn bien phiie tap mdi

Phin ddng cac td chiie co sd dang d phudng, xa vin duy tri ndi dung lanh dao toan didn, nhung phuong thue lanh dao vin theo ndp thdi chien Nhieu cip uy vin quyet dinh va chi huy true tid'p cac boat dgng ciia quan chiing, bao bidn, lam thay cdng vide cua chinh quydn va doan thd Nhidu ban quan ly hgp tac xa da lam thay phin Idn cdng vide cua chinh quydn co sd Khdng it can bd, dang vidn va quin chiing mang nang tu tudng, tac phong lam vide thu ddng, y lai vao Nha nude va cap tren^ Do dd, tinh thin chu ddng va sang tao eua co sd bi ban che, chat lugng va hidu qua lanh dao bi giam siit nhidu Do lin Ion ehiic nang, nhiem vu, cdng vide vira chdng cheo vira so hd, bd sdt, da xuit hien nhidu "didm ndng" vd tranh chip rudng dit, can bd tham nhung, ng nin day dua, ngi bg mit doan kd't, xdm lang, dudng phd mat trat tu tri an, td nan xa hdi phat tridn Tham chi, d mdt sd noi da cd nhiing dang vidn va ca cap uy vidn diing diu cac \ai gay rdi, cac td chiic dang mat vai trd lanh dao

- Ve thuc hien nguyen tdc tap trun^ ddn chu theo nguyen ly xay

dung dang kidu mdi cua Ldnin, day la nguyen tac co ban trong to chiic va sinh boat cua Dang Cong sin Qua trinh phat trien ciia Dang tu liic thanh

25

lap deu gin lidn vdi vide Dang kidn tri va timg budc cu thd boa, thd che boa nguydn tic tap tmng dan chu Nhd thuc bidn nguydn tac nay, Dang ta da giii vOfng va phat tridn dugc td chiie, bao dam su thdng nhat y chi va hanh ddng, tao ra sure manh tdng hgp cua toan Dang

Tuy nhien, trong thuc te, do cac nhan td ehii quan, khach quan, cd

Mc, cd noi da khdng thuc bidn tdt mdi quan he giiia tap trung va dan chii, tach rdi tap tmng va dan chu Thdi ky trudc nam 1975, do hoan canh chien tranh ac lidt keo dai, sudt 16 nam Dang khdng td chiie dugc Dai hdi dai bidu toan qudc, mdt sd cap uy cip dudi ciing dugc chi dinh, khdng thdng qua biu cii dan chu

Tir nam 1976, vide dinh ky td chiic dai hdi ding bd cac cap va Dai hdi dai bidu toan qudc cua Ding di din vao ndn nd'p Vide td chiie cho ddng dao can bd dang vidn va cac ting Idp nhan dan tham gia y kidn xay dung dudng loi, chu truang, chinh sach Idn ciia Dang dugc thuc hien tdt hon, thudng xuydn bom Co quan lanh dao eac cip cua Dang do biu cu lap ra, dugc kidn toan theo dinh ky, trinh dd kien thiic va nang luc lanh dao dugc nang Idn, quy che hoat ddng timg budc dugc xay dung va bd sung Sinh boat ndi bd Dang dugc duy tri, ndi dung va hinh thiic dugc cai tien Vide giao due, quan ly can bd, dang vidn y thiic chap hanh ky luat dang va phap luat nha nude dugc coi trgng

Ben canh cac uu didm dd, vide thue hien nguydn tic tap trung dan chu trong Dang cung cdn nhiing ban che Cd liie cdn nang vd tap trung, chua coi trgng md rdng va phat huy dan chu Liic thi nhan manh mdt chidu

tap trung ma khdng dua trdn ca sd dan chii diy du; liic thi khuyd'n kbich md

rdng dan chu nhung lai khdng gin vdi ky luat, ky cuong, vdi trach nhiem dang vidn Khdng it co quan lanh dao va can bd chu ehdt thieu chii y ling nghe va tid'p thu nhung y kien diing din eua cap dudi cua dang vidn va can

bd, lam thui ehdt nhidu didn hinh hay sang kien tdi Sinh boat dang d nhidu

td chiic, nhidu cip uy, cho den Ban Chap hanh Trung uong cd nhiing vide khdng bao dam quydn dan chu ciia cip uy vidn va dang vidn; khdng giG diing che do tap thd lanh dao, ca nhan phu trach: thieu sd phuc timg da s6J

ea nhan phuc tiing td chiic; khdng thing thin tu phd binh va phd binh tu giac khep minh vao khudn khd ky luat cua Dang Benh quan lidu menh Idnh, xa dan cd chidu hudng phat tridn

- Ddi vai cong tdc kiem tra cua Ddng, Dang da xac dinh la mdt ngi

dung quan trgng trong boat ddng lanh dao, ludn chii y kidn toan uy ban kiem tra cac cap, ludn cd mdt ddng chi cap uy phu trach cdng tac kiem tra Cdng tac kiem tra cua Dang cd hai loai boat ddng chu yeu: kidm tra vide chap hanh dudng loi, chinh sach eua Dang va kidm tra vide thuc hien cac nguydn tic t6 chiic sinh boat dang, giii gin ky luat trong Dang

Kidm tra vide chip hanh dudng Id'i, chinh sach cua Dang la loai boat ddng nim ngay trong ehiic nang lanh dao cua cac cap uy va to chiic dang, eua cac ban dang Cac cip uy dang, da de ra chuang trinh kidm tra va tidn hanh nhidu cudc kidm tra ed tac dung tdt Cac ban cua Dang d trung uang va dia phuang da giiip cap uy kidm tra vide thuc bidn dudng Id'i, chinh sach, dong thdi kidm tra viec thuc hien eac nghi quyet, quyet dinh, chi thi, chii truang cdng tac thude linh vuc phu trach ciia timg ban va da dat nhiing kd't qua nha't dinh

Tuy nhidn, d khdng it cip uy chua thuc hien diing din quan didm cua Dang coi "kidm tra la mdt trong nhiing chiic nang lanh dao cua Dang"; chua tidn hanh kidm tra mot each thudng xuydn, tham ehi cd noi cdn budng long kiem tra Cd cip uy kidm tra chu yeu la qua bao cao ndn nim tinh hinh khdng chic, it phat bidn dugc sai lim, khuyd't didm Nhidu cap uy ciing mdi chii trgng kidm tra vide thuc bidn eua cip dudi, it tu kidm tra ban than cap minh, va thieu cac bidn phap chu ddng n^iSn ehan cac nguy co cua Dang cim quydn nhu quan lidu, tham nhiing ndn da lam anh hudng ddn tinh hinh kinh te - xa hgi, ddi sdng nhan dan va Idng tin cua nhan dan ddi vdi Dang Nhin chung, cdng tac kidm tra ciia cac ban dang cdn yeu, chua diing miic, chua tien hanh thudng xuydn, ndn chua giiip dugc cap uy danh gia, phan tich thuc chit tinh hinh, phat hien kip thdi nhiing kinh nghidm ha>' dd phat huy va nhirng lech lac cin udn nin

27

4 XAY DUNG DOI NGU DANG VIEN VA CAN BO CUA DANG

- Xay dung doi ngu ddng vien la mdt nhiem vu thudng xuydn ciia

cdng tac xay dung Dang Xay dung td ehiic co sd dang phai di ddi vdi xay dung ddi ngii dang vidn, ca sd lugng va chat lugng

Vd sd lugng, tuy cd liie nhanh, liic eham, song nhin chung, dgi ngu dang vidn cua Dang tang Idn khdng ngimg Cudi nam 1975, Dang ta cd ban 1,5 tridu dang vien, nam 1981 la 1,7 tridu

Vd chit lugng, co eiu, sd dang vidn vao Dang trudc nam 1975 la nhung thd' he chidn si each mang kidn cudng trong diu tranh gianh chinh quydn trudc Cach mang thing Tam, trong khang chien chdng Phap va chdng My Nhd dugc tdi luyen trong mdi trudng dau tranh lau dai, gian kho, da sd dang vidn eua Dang ed tinh thin kidn dinh lap trudng each mang, cd nhidu kinh nghidm trong vide thuc bidn vai trd lanh dao va cdng tac van ddng quin chiing Hg la vdn quy cua Dang va cua nhan dan Ca sd vao Dang trudc va sau nam 1975, nhin chung ddu cd nhung uu diem co ban

vd long tmng thanh va kidn dinh vdi muc tidu ly tudng, vd tinh thin khic phuc khd khan, tan tuy vdi nhiem vu dugc giao; sd ddng tid'p tuc phat huy dugc tinh tidn phong guong miu, lam ndng cdt va lanh dao quin chiing trong su nghidp doi mdi trdn eac ITnh vuc

Tuy nhidn, mdi loai lai cd nhiing nhugc didm ridng: mdt bd phan dang vidn vao Dang trong thdi ky chien tranh va d mdt sd viing ndng thdn it

cd didu kidn dugc dao tao, bdi dudng cd he thdng, do dd, trinh do nang luc cdng tac bi ban che hoac cd khd khan vd hoan canh gia dinh, siic khoe giam Slit ndn chua phat huy dugc vai trd tidn phong va nang luc lanh dao theo ydu eiu mdi Sd dang vidn tre, mdi ket nap tuy ed kien thiic, nhidt tinh, song nhieu liic ndng vdi, chu quan, thieu ki/^ nghidm trong cdng tac

De phat huy uu diem, ban che nhugc diem cua ddi ngii dang vien Dang ta da thuc bidn cdng tac ding vidn ca vd 3 mat: giao due bdi duong; chinh ddn; va phat tridn dang vidn mdi Theo hudng din cua Ban T6 chiic Trung uong, eac cip uy va td chiic ding da chii trgng vide kidm tra phan tich tinh hinh dang vidn dd ed hudng bdi duong nang cao chat luonu; tien

hanh phan cdng cdng tac, giao nhiem vu cu thd cho dang vidn theo dia ban dan cu, phu trach cac hd gia dinh, theo dan vi sin xuit kinh doanh, theo cac nhdm chuydn dd, phu trach cac doan the va cac hdi quin chiing Ty Id dang

vidn dugc phan cdng cdng tac a nhidu noi tang ban trudc (cd noi 60-70%)

Vide td chiic va hudng din dang vidn nang cao trinh do ve mgi mat da dugc thuc hien tdt hon, nhu md cac lop bd tiie van boa, ly luan chinh tri, quan ly kinh te, chuydn mdn nghidp vu va ngoai ngir, y thiic tu vuan Idn trong hgc tap va tu dudng cua dang vidn d mdt sd nai, nhit la trong sd dang vidn tre

ed chuyen bien ro hon Ban tin thdi su va bao Ding da dugc phat hanh nhidu ban tdi cac td chiic co sd va ehi bg dang

Kinh nghidm xay dung dgi ngu dang vidn la phai cd quan didm lich sir va thuc tidn trong vide danh gia; phai khing dinh nhiing mat manh la co ban dd phat huy ddng thdi thiy hd't nhung mat yd'u de cd hudng khic phuc khdng chu quan ndn ndng, cue doan, chi nang ve "xir ly' Chii trgng ca hai mat xay va chdng, trong dd xay la chu yeu; ddng thdi kidn quyet va kip thdi xir ly nhiing dang vidn cd nhidu sai pham, nhit la nhirng ngudi thoai hoa vd chinh tri va dao diic, Idi sdng

Phai coi trgng phan cdng va kidm tra cdng tac cua dang vidn, thdng qua thuc tidn phong trao hanh dgng, td chiic tdt cac trudng Idp hgc tap bdi dudfng dang vidn va nang cao chit lugng sinh boat dang de xay dung, ren luydn ddi ngii dang vidn; khic phuc tinh trang tach rdi thuc tidn, dang vu don thuin Phai coi trgng cac ydu eiu vd tidu chuin dang vidn trong tinh hinh mdi: Dang vidn phai la chien si each mang sudt ddi phan dau cho muc

dich, ly tudng ciia Dang; dat Igi ich cua T6 qudc, ciia giai cap cdng nhan va

nhan dan lao ddng len trdn Igi ich ca nhan; chip hanh nghidm chinh Didu Id Dang, cac nghi quyet cua Dang va phap luat cua Nha nude; cd lao dgng, khdng t?gc lot, hoan thanh tdt nhiem vu dugc giao; ed dao diic va Id'i sdn^ lanh manh-^in bd mat thid't vdi quin chiing, phuc tiing td chiic ky luat cua Dang, giir gin su doan kd't thdng nhit trong Dang

- Xay dvtng doi ngu cdn ho ciia Ddng la mdt bg phan quan trong ciia

cdng tac xay dung Dang Ngi dung cdng tac xa}' dung Dang vd dgi ngu can

29

bd cd vide xac dinh dudng loi, chinh sach can bd; dao tao bdi dudng; bd tri sip xep; quan ly, sir dung can bd Nhirng van dd dd cd lidn quan chat che vdi dudng Id'i, nhiem vu chinh tri, sip xd'p td chiic bd may, co ehd va phuang thiic cdng tac, phu thude rit nhieu vao quan didm va phuang phap cdng tie can bd (trudc hd't la quan didm va phuang phap danh gia, su dung can bd)

Tuy ed nhiing liie, nhiing noi, cdng tac can bg cdn c6 nhung bat

cap, tham chi cd khdng it thieu sdt, lech lac, song thdi ky 1975-1986, trong hoan canh mdi, trudc ydu eiu nhiem vu mdi, phat huy truyen thdng da cd Ding da ludn eham lo cdng tie can bd, xay dung ddi ngii can bd, coi day la van de miu ehdt quyet dinh toan bd nhiem vu each mang

Qua trinh xay dung ddi ngii can bg tir 1975 dd'n 1986 da trai qua 2 giai doan: Tir 1975 dd'n 1981 la nhirng nam diu sau giai phdng, do bi chien tranh tidu bao nang nd, rat nhidu co sd dang tdn that, hang chuc van can bg, dang vidn hy sinh, tii day, ndn d midn Nam can bd thieu rat nghiem trgng Nhidu viing, nhit la cac thanh phd, thi xa, thi tran, viing tdn giao, dan tdc khdng cd can bd, dang vidn, biu nhu la co sd tring Tmng uong da kip thdi didu ddng, tang cudng cho cac tinh midn Nam mdt sd lugng Idn can bd cac loai, tii nhidu ngudn, bao gdm: can bd tir midn Bic vao (gin 10 van), can bd boat ddng tai ehd, can bd d cac khu tang cudng, ban 1 van can bg d eac nha til dugc tra tu do, can bd cua che do cii Nhd the ma ehi mot thdi gian ngin

d midn Nam da nhanh chdng dn dinh dugc tinh hinh Rd rang, neu trong nhiing nam chien tranh Ding ta khdng sdm lo dao tao, chuin bi thi khdng thd cd can bg dap ling dugc ydu eiu cua midn Nam nhanh nhu the

Theo Nghi quyet cua Dai hdi IV, Dang da lanh dao dua ca nude tidn nhanh, tien manh, tidn viing chic Idn ehii nghia xa hgi, phan dau trong khoang 20 nam xay dung xong co sd vat chat ky thuat cua chii nghia xa hdi Nhiem vu chinh tri dd ddi hdi phai thay ddi td chiic va phai tien hanh trdn quy md Idn vide bdi dudng, dao tao can bo, nhanh chdng tang cudne can bd ca vd sd lugng va chit lugng, nang cao trinh do, nang luc can bo Idn

ngang tim nhiem vu; chii trgng ca can bd lanh dao, quan ly va can bd khoa hgc, ky thuat, chuyen mdn nghidp vu

Tuy nhidn, trong chi dao thue hien cdng tac can bd chiing ta da lam chua tdt, tham chi cdn cd nhiing thieu sdt lech lac Trong lua chgn va bd trf can bd ed thidn hudng nang vd cac tidu chuin qua trinh each mang, nhidt tinh cong tac ma cd phin xem nhe trinh do hgc van, kien thiic khoa hgc, chit lugng va hidu qua cdng tac cu thd Cd^quan niem cho ring ta da danh thing de qudc My thi vide gi lam ciing dugc; ai da tning vao cip uy thi bd tri lam vide gi ciing tdt Ciu tao Ban Chap hanh Tmng uong va cac tinh uy, thanh uy chua ket hgp tdt giiia tidu chuin va co eiu, giiia ba do tudi, giiia cac loai, cac lap can bd, chua thd hien dugc tinh ke thira va ydu ciu cua giai doan mdi Td ehiic ed quy md qua Idn, nhiem vu mdi rit nang nd, nhung can bg chua dugc chuan bi, trinh do hieu bid't va nang luc quan ly cd nhidu ban che

Tir nam 1981 dd'n 1986, hau qua cua nhirng khuyet didm chu quan duy y ehi trong lanh dao kinh te va trong bd tri can bg da bdc Id kha rd, Dang ta ngay cang tham thia: lam kinh te khdng thd ehi cd nhidt tinh va y ehi Tir dd, trong cdng tac can bg bit diu chii y lua chgn va sii' dung nhtmg ngudi ed trinh do hgc vin, hidu bid't khoa hgc, ky thuat, chuydn mdn nghidp

vu, thay d6i hang loat can bg theo hudng tri thiie hoa; dd bat nhidu thii tmdng, bd trudng la giao su, tien si, nhan manh vin dd can bd phai hgc tap Nhung lai cd ichuyd't didm mdi la nhan manh don thuin hgc vi, bing cip, ma khdng chii y diy du dd'n thuc chat trinh dd, ciing nhu nang luc lanh dao, quan ly va qua trinh ren luyen, thir thach trong thue te cdng tac; khdng chii y diing miie vin dd dudng loi giai cip trong cdng tac can bd; dd cao mdt chidu che do trach nhiem ca nhan, bd dang doan, ban can su dang va

khdng CO quy che boat ddng cu thd

5 PHUDNG THUC LANH DAO CUA DANG

La dang cim quydn, phuang thiic lanh dao ciia Dang cd nhirng dac didm va ydu ciu ridng, vira phai bao dam sir lanh dao cd hidu qua cua

31

Dang, vira phat huy hieu luc quan ly cua Nha nude va vai trd ciia cac doan thd chinh tri - xa hdi

Trudc nam 1975, khi dit nude ed chidn tranh, nhiem vu trung tam

la khang chien chdng ngoai xam, giai phdng dit nude, thdng nhit Td qudc, Dang thuc hien phuang thiic lanh dao tuydt ddi va true tid'p vd mgi mat Dang quyet dinh tu vin de chidn luge, dudng Idi dd'n nhiing vaii dd cu the, bao dam cho chu truang, dudng loi cua Dang dugc thuc hien thdng nha't, nghidm ngat va khin truang Phuang tbiie lanh dao dd la diing din, phii hgp vdi hoan canh thdi chidn va trdn thuc te da dem lai hidu qua thid't thuc

Tir sau thing 4-1975, dit nude chuyen sang boa binh xay dung chii nghla xa hdi trdn pham vi ca nude, ddi hdi Dang phai cd su thay doi ve ndi dung va phuang thiie lanh dao Nhieu nghi quyd't Trung uong, nghi quyet dai hdi Dang da ndu rd ydu ciu phai xac dinh chiie nang, nhiem vu va giai quyet tdt mdi quan he giiia Dang, Nha nude va eac doan thd, chi ra tinh trang lin Idn cdng vide ciia Dang va cdng vide ciia Nha nude, tinh trang td ehiic dang bao bidn cdng vide ciia chinh quydn, khuynh hudng coi nhe vai trd va trach nhiem cua cac co quan Nha nude va td chiic kinh te, cac doan the xa hdi Vdi tinh thin sang tao, tim tdi Dang ta da dua ra quan niem vd

CO che "Dang lanh dao, Nha nude quan ly nhan dan lam chu", coi dd la nguydn tic, phuang hudng de xac dinh chu truang cai tidn phuang phap lanh dao cua cip uy dang, xay dung chiic trach, che do cdng tie, quy che lam vide giiia cip uy Dang, chinh quydn, ngudi thu trudng d timg cap, timg nganh, tung t6 chiic Didu Id Dang cd chuang ridng vd su lanh dao cua Dang ddi vdi Nha nude va cac doan the, Vdi phuang thiie nay Dang da phat huy dugc siic manh t6ng hop cua ca he thdng chinh tri dd thuc hien thing Igi mgi nhiem vu cua thdi ky mdi

Tuy nhidn, trong nhiing nam 1975-1986, do co che tap tmng quan lieu, bao cip keo dai, do Id Idi lanh dao trong chien tranh da an sau vao nd'p nghi, each lam, ndn mdt so chu truong dung dan vd doi mdi phuang thiic lanh dao ciia Dang, chua dugc thue hien tdt Trong nhidu linh vuc, trdn

nhidu van dd Dang vin bao bidn lam thay float ddng ciia Nha nude va cac doan the nhieu khi mang tinh hinh thiie, thu dgng

- Ddi vai Nhd nude, nhin chung trong thdi ky mdi vdi vai trd cua

Dang cim quydn, phuang thiic lanh dao cua Dang ddi vdi Nha nude dugc Dang xac dinh gdm nhiing ndi dung chinh va ed nhiing kinh nghidm nhu:

-f Dang lanh dao Nha nude bing dudng Idi, quan didm, cac nghi quyet, quyet dinh, nguydn tic, giai quydi eac van dd trgng dai ciia qudc ke dan sinh; xu ly nhiing van dd cu thd, cd y nghia chinh tri quan trgng, quan

he tdi nhidu ting Idp, nhiing vin dd phiic tap trong quan he qudc te Trong khi kidn tri nguydn tie Dang lanh dao tuydt ddi va true tid'p ve mgi mat ddi vdi linh vuc qudc phdng, an ninh va ddi ngoai, cin phat huy tdt vai trd, chiic nang quan ly, didu hanh cua Nha nude trong cac linh vuc nay

+ Dang lanh dao Nha nude the che hoa, cu the boa dudng Id'i, quan diem, chu truang, chinh sach Idn eua Dang thanh Hien phap, phap luat, ke hoach, eac chuang trinh muc tidu Idn cua Nha nude, bio dam cho nghi quyd't eua Dang di vao cudc sdng mot each diy du, kip thdi Khi thao luan

va ra nghi quyd't vd cac van dd cd lidn quan dd'n pham vi cdng tac ciia cac

ca quan nha nude va doan the, cin cd y kidn cua cac dang doan, ban can su

dang trong cac linh vuc dd, hoac la giao cho cac td ehure dd true tid'p chuin

bi du thao nghi quyd't dd cip uy thao luan, quyd't dinh; cac ban cua Dang lam nhiem vu thim dinh dd an

-f- Dang lanh dao xay dung td ehiic he thdng chinh tri phii hgp vdi nhiem vu mdi, bao dam xay dung dugc mot Nha nude thue su trong sach, viing manh, boat ddng cd hidu lue, hidu qua cao Dang lanh dao Nha nude

va cac doan thd thdng qua vide thdng nhat lanh dao va quan ly cdng tac to chiic can bd va ddi ngii can bd chii ehdt cdng tac trong cac co quan nha nude va doan thd, ddng thdi tdn trgng phat huy trach nhiem ciia cac td chiic trong he thdng chinh tri, phat huy mgi sang kien ddng gdp cua can bg, dang vidn va cac ting lap nhan dan Trong vide ddi mdi td chiic can bo va phuang thiic boat dgng cua Nha nude ciing nhu cac td chiic thanh vidn khae trong he thdng chinh tri, phai dac biet quan tam bao dam dn dinh, giu virng

3

dinh hudng xa hdi chu nghia trong qua trinh phat tridn, nhit la trong nhirng budc ngoat cua each mang

-h Kd't hgp chat che vide lanh dao bing td chiic vdi lanh dao qua ca nhan dang vidn theo nguyen tie tap tmng dan chii va ndu cao vai trd trach nhiem ciia dang vidn la thu trudng Ciing vdi vide kidn toan bg may, lam rd chiie nang, nhiem vu cua cac td chiic ding, tmdc hd't la dang doan, ban can

su dang trong cac co quan Nha nude, cin chii trgng nang cao trach nhiem

va tinh dang cua cac dang vidn boat ddng trong cac co quan nay Mgi dang vidn, bit kd' d cuong vi nao ddu phai ludn ludn ndu cao tinh tidn phong guang miu ca trong nhan thure, hanh ddng, ca trong phim chat dao diic va Id'i sdng; gin bd mat thiet vdi nhan dan, tdn trgng quydn lam chu cua nhan dan Bai hgc Idn; "Dang vidn di trudc, lang nude theo sau", vin hd't siic ndng h6i

+ Dang kidm tra, giam sat boat ddng cua bg may Nha nude thdng qua td chiic dang, dang vidn, eac ban ciia Dang; ddng thdi lanh dao cdng tac thanh tra ciia Nha nude; lanh dao td chiic, ddng vidn quin chiing kidm tra, giam sat cac cdng vide va boat ddng eua Nha nude; phat hien cac mat tdt dd phat huy, mat yeu kem, tidu cue dd udn nin Thdng qua kidm tra, tdng kd't kinh nghidm de b6 sung, hoan chinh dudng Id'i, chii truang, chinh sach cua Dang va Nha nude Xay dung quy che va chi dao vide phdi hgp kiem tra cua cip uy dang, co quan nha nude va doan thd dd nang cao chat lugng kiem tra va tranh phidn ha cho tap thd, ea nhan dugc kiem tra

Vdd nhung ndi dung nhu vay, su lanh dao cua Dang ddi vdi Nha nude la bao dam cho su quan ly cua Nha nude theo diing dudng Id'i chinh tri, bao dam phdi hgp va phat huy siic manh tdng hgp cua ca he thdng chinh tri, tao didu kidn cho Nha nude hoan thanh thuan Igi mgi nhiem vu Su lanh dao eua Dang cd ndi dung toan didn, bao gdm ca chinh tri, tu tudng, to chiie va can bg Phuang thiic lanh dao cua Dang khdng phai la diing menh Idnh hanh chinh, ma la phat huy dan chii dd cao tinh dang, tinh chu ddng,

va trach nhiem ciia td chiic dang va dang vidn boat dgng trong cac co quan nha nude trong vide thuc bidn cac chu tmong nghi quyd't ciia Dang

- Ddi vai dodn the chinh tri - xd hgi, su lanh dao cua Dang la dmh

hudng chinh tri, tu tudng, to chiie- can bg va phuang thiic boat ddng ciia cac td chiie nay Dinh hudng chinh tri cua Dang ddi vdi boat ddng cua mat tran va cac doan thd la dinh hudng vd muc tidu, hudng phat tridn, ndi dung boat ddng chii ydu trong timg thdi ky, nbim phat buy vai trd ciia Mat tran

va cac doan the trong vide tap hgp doan kd't, giao due quin chiing, nang cao giac ngd chinh tri, trinh do van boa, kidn thiie nghe nghidp, dao diic, tham

my, xay dung nd'p sdng mdi, con ngudi mdi, bao dam quydn lam chu eua nhan dan

Dinh hudng eua Dang vd td chiic- can bg cua Mat tran va cac doan the la dinh hudng co eiu td ehiie, quy md, pham vi boat ddng; tidu chuin, phuang hudng dao tao, boi dudng ddi ngu can bd; gidi thieu ngudi diing diu de Mat tran va cac doan the chinh tri - xa hdi biu theo Didu Id Dang lanh dao va phat huy tinh thin tu chu, sang tao cua Mat tran va cac doan thd trong xay dung to chiie, doi mdi td chiic va boat dgng ciia minh

Thuc tidn cang ngay cang cho thiy rd hon ngi dung va pham vi lanh dao, chi dao cua Dang ddi vdi co quan Nha nude va cac doan thd, cac llnh vuc cua ddi sdng xa hdi Cac co quan lanh dao eua Dang da timg budc ndu cao dugc trach nhiem lanh dao, chi dao va quyd't dinh nhirng van de trgng yeu ma Qudc hdi, Chinh phu, cac ban nganh, cac dia phuang dd xua't, bao dam su lanh dao tap tmng thdng nhat; bdt din tinh trang dm ddm, bao bidn hoac budng long, tung budc phat huy vai trd chu dgng cua co quan Nha nude trong quan ly didu hanh; phat huy tinh chu dgng sang lao cua cac doan the va tinh tich cue xa hgi ciia nhan dan

Tuy nhidn, dd dap ling ydu ciu, Dang chu truang vin phai timg budc nang cao chit lugng cac quyd't dinh, doi mdi quy trinh ra quyd't dinh Phai cai tien Id Idi lam vide, phat huy dan chii, tap thd, de cao trach nhiem

ca nhan, khdi phuc va cung cd eac nguydn tic td chiic va sinh hoat dang tap trung siic luc, tri tud vao van dd xa) dung kinh te ciing cd \'a lang cudng dn dinh chinh tri, ddi mdi, chinh ddn Dang va ciing cd nang cao hidu lire quan ly cua Nha nude

35

Den 12-1986, Dai hdi VI eua Dang quyet dinh diit khoat chu truang

va hoan thanh co ban ndi dung dudng loi xay dung dit nude theo tu duy mdi, danh diu budc ngoat vd phat tri^n dudng Id'i xay dung chu nghTa xa hdi d nude ta, danh diu budc chuydn rit quan trgng trong nhan thiic cua Dang ve chii nghia xa hdi, vd thdi ky qua dd Idn chu nghia xa hgi d Viet Nam

Dudng Id'i doi mdi dugc khang dinh tai Dai hdi lin thii VI cua Dang

la ket qua cua mdt qua trinh suy nghi, tim tdi, khao nghidm didn ra kha phiic tap

Trong thdi ky 1975-1986, tu duy vd md hinh va con dudng di Idn chu nghia xa hdi cua Dang ve co ban la nhu quan niem cua Dai hdi III (9/1960), dudng nhu khdng ed miy thay doi so vdi thdi ky trudc 1975 Dang vin quan nidm chu nghia xa hdi la che dd cdng biru ve tu lieu sin xuit, gdm hai thanh phin kinh te Dudng Id'i chung cua Dai hdi IV (12/1976) la nam viing chuydn chinh vd san, phat huy quydn lam chu tap the cua nhan dan lao ddng, tidn hanh ddng thdi 3 cudc each mang, diy manh cdng nghidp boa xa hdi chu nghia, xay dung che dd lam chu tap the

xa hdi chu nghia, xay dung nen san xuit Idn xa hdi chu nghia, xay dung nen van hoa mdi, con ngudi mdi xa hdi chu nghia, uu tidn phat trien cdng nghidp nang trdn co sd phat trien ndng nghidp va cdng nghidp nhe, Nghia

la Dang ta khdng quan niem ed nhidu thanh phin kinh te cd san xuat hang boa, cd CO che thi trudng trong chu nghia xa hdi

Tuy nhidn trong chi dao thue tidn da cd nhiing didm mdi so vdi trudc, thude hai phuang didn: mdi theo tu duy cii va mdi theo tu duy mdi

Didm mdi theo tu duy cii la gia tang md hinh cu, nhu diy manh hon nua vide thue hien co che tap tmng quan lidu, ke hoach hoa, diy manh tap the boa, cdng nghidp hoa vdi tdc do, quy md Idn, phd bidn

Diem mdi theo tu duy mdi la hudng tdi md hinh mdi nhu cho bung

ra trong sin xuit, ket hgp 3 Igi ich, cho tu chu sin xuat, kinh doanh ciia Hdi nghi Tmng uang 6 (8-1979) Tu duy nay dugc thue hien va trd thanh budc dot pha vao nam 1981 trong chu tmang khoan sin phim dd'n nhdm va hg

xa vidn trong Hgp tac xa ndng nghidp cua Chi thi 100 ciia Ban bi thu Trung uong va trong vide thuc bidn ke hoach 3 pW^, tu chu kinh doanh trong cac

XI nghidp qudc doanh cua chi thi 25-CP cua HDCP Nghi quyd't Trung uong

8 (6-1985) diit khoat xoa bd quan lidu bao cip chuyen ban sang co che hoach loan kinh doanh xa hdi chu nghia Cudi cimg la tu tudng, chu tmong nhin thing vao su that cua Bd Chinh tri cudi 1986: The hien la ndu Idn cac

y kidn khae nhau de Dai hdi VI xem xet, bidu quyd't

Hdi nghi Bd Chinh tri thing 10/1986 thuc su la mdc danh da'u la sir hoan thanh chii truang, dudng Idi doi mdi dugc chinh thiie hoa trong Nghi quyd't Dai hgi VI sau dd Tai Hdi nghi nay, Bg Chinh tri da nit ra cac loai y kien, tu tudng, nhan thiie, tu duy khae nhau vd eac van dd md hinh va con dudng di Idn chii nghia xa hdi Viet Nam, nhu:

- Ve ca cdu kinh te: Co cau san xuat va co cau diu tu ndn uu tidn

cho linh vuc nao trudc, cdng nghidp hay ndng nghidp la hang diu?

+ Loai y kidn 1: De thuc hien cdng nghidp hoa xa hgi chu nghia la tmng tam, phai uu tidn diy manh xay dung cdng nghidp nang Dit nude khd khan la do chua diy manh, uu tidn cdng nghidp nang Sip tdi phai coi phat tridn cdng nghidp la trgng tam, tao da phat trien ndng nghidp

4- Loai y kien 2: CThang dudng diu phai coi ndng nghidp la hang diu Phai phat tridn ndng nghidp va hang tidu diing trudc C^hi tap tmng vao mdt sd that cin thid't cua cdng nghidp nang Kidn quyd't thu hep dien xay dung cdng nghidp dd ddn siic cho ndng nf hidp, cho 3 chuang trinh luong thuc, thuc phim; hang tidu diing; hang xuit khiu

J /

- vi cai tgo xd hgi chu nghia va cung cd QHSX xa hdi chii nghia:

Vi sao QHSX xa hdi chu nghia mdi ra ddi da ydu kem, gay tri trd, can trd cho luc lugng san xuat?

-f Loai y kien 1: QHSX xa hdi chu nghia mdi dugc xay dung ma da ydu kem, gay tri trd cho luc lugng san xuit, giam su phat tridn cua kinh te

la vi ta chua cai tao tdt, bi cac thanh phin kinh te phi xa hgi chu nghia chen

ep, 1 ^ at kinh te qudc doanh va tap the, lam rdi loan quan ly Do dd thdi gian tdi phai pha rao rid't diy nhanh ban niia vide cai tao, hoan thanh diit khoat vao nam 1990, nang cac tap doan sin xuit Idn Hgp tac xa bae cao Kidn quyd't xoa bd su tidu cue cua kinh te ca thd, tu ban, mdi cd thd cimg cd dugc kinh te qudc doanh va tap thd Neu ed kinh te tu nhan, ca the thi cho tdn tai mdt sd tu ban d midn Nam, khdng cho phat trien, tdn tai d mien Bae Cdn phat trien nhidu thanh phin kinh te se cd su tranh chap vat tu, nguydn lieu, su mat 6n dinh, mil can ddi se cang Idn

+ Loai y kidn 2: Cai tao dat kd't qua thip, QHSX xa hdi chii nghia ydu, gay tri trd vi thieu cac bidn phap phu hgp cd hidu qua, vi co che cu, lac hau Vi cai tao chay theo sd lugng, nhe chit lugng, ndn ndng chu quan mudn xoa ngay ma khdng ehii y cai tao de sir dung, khdng chuin bi kinh te

xa hdi chu nghia thay the nd, vi ta dua nhiing ngudi lao ddng ca the vao lam

an tap the, quy md Idn khdng tinh dd'n kha nang, ky thuat, quan ly, nang luc can bd Vi vay sip tdi phay diy manh cai tao, song theo nghia la sip xd'p lai, sir dung diing dan cac thanh phin kinh te Phai coi phat trien luc lugng sin xuit la didu kidn d^ xay dung va phat trien, ciing cd QHSX QHSX qua cao ciing la su kim him luc lugng san xuit chii khdng phai QHSX thap mdi

la kim ham Diy manh kinh te qudc doanh la diing, song khdng vi the ma phai xoa bd toan bd kinh te tu nhan, ca the, khdng ndn coi cai tao xa hdi

chu nghia la xoa cac thanh phin kinh te Han nira hang nam co hang chuc

van ngudi dd'n tuoi lao ddng, cin cd vide lam ma "kinh te qudc doanh tap thd khdng tlid thu biit bet dugc Do dd kinh te tu ban, tu nhan la noi thu hiit

mdt phin so lao ddng dd, vira co Igi cho ngudi lao ddng vira cho chinh chii

nghia xa hgi liic nay Din din, timg budc se cai tao dd chuydn kinh te tu

ban, tu nhan thanh qudc doanh, lam cho hg thanh cdng nhan xa hdi ehii nghia Cai tao xa hdi chu nghia la vide thudng xuydn, lau dai la vi va\

- Ve ca chequdn ly kinh te: Ca che kinh doanh xa hgi chu nghia cd

phai la ca che thi trudng khdng?

-I- Loai y kien 1: Cho ring co che thi trudng la diing thi trudng de dieu tid't san xuit va cac boat ddng kinh te, trai vdi ke hoach boa, ddi nghich vdi ke hoach boa Do dd khdng dung nap dugc trong kinh doanh xa hdi chu nghia Hoac hidu hep ban, co che thi tmdng la chay theo thi tmdng,

ed mat tidu cue, neu lay nd lam muc thude de didu chinh gia ca cua nha nude, thue chit ciing la trai vdi chu nghia xa hdi

-f Loai y kien 2: Cho ring thi tmdng la tdn tai khach quan nen co che thi tmdng ciing la khach quan, nd tdn tai ea trong chu nghia tu ban va chu nghia xa hdi Co che thi tmdng la su van ddng tdng hgp ciia cac ydu to cung, eiu, siic mua cua ddng tidn va gia ca theo cac quy luat ciia quan he hang hoa- tidn td, trdn loan bd thi tmdng xa hgi, gdm thi trudng tu do va thi midng cd td ehiie Nghia la ta phai nim chic nd, sir dung nd de chii dgng gin vdi ke hoach hoa Do dd, co che kinh doanh xa hdi chii nghia la co che la'y ke hoach hoa lam tmng tam ket hgp chat che vdi vide sir dung quan he thi trudng

- Ve quan he giica kehogch vd thi trumg:

+ Loai y kien 1: Ke hoach chi kd't hgp vdi tri tmdng trong tmdng hgp thi tmdng cd td chiic Cdn thi trudng tu do la ddi lap vdi ke hoach hoa, phai dep bd cang sdm cang tdt, hoac ban ehd' nd tdi miic tdi thidu, khdng cho nd nim cac mat hang chidn luge, ma phai do nha nude doc quydn

-h Loai y kien 2: Trong ndn kinh te nhidu thanh phin, thi tmdng tu

do se cdn tdn tai lau dai, d miic cin thid't ca d thanh thi va ndng thdn va cd

vi tri dang kd vdi nen kinh te Nghia la thi trudng xa hdi chu nghia gdm hai

bd phan: thi tmdng co td chiic va thi tmdng tu do, vira dan xen vira canh

tranh vdi nhau, khdng chia cit may mdc dugc Thi trudng tu do khong ke hoach hoa true tid'p dugc, song cd the didu tid't qua sir can ddi hang - tidn

39

qua chinh sach nha nude, ban che tinh tu phat, hudng theo ke hoach nha nude, bd sung cho thi tmdng cd td chiic

- Ve van dung cdc quy luat cua quan he hdng hod-tien te:

4- Loai y kien 1: Gia ca trong san xuat hang boa la phai theo quy luat gia tri, phan anh diing gia tri Tiie la gia ca phai theo thi tmdng cd td chiic, khdng the dung hgp vdi thi tmdng tu do, gia ca tu phat, theo cung ciu, do diu ca Ndn nha nude phai cd co che 2 gia, mdt loai gia theo gia tri, tuong ddi 6n dinh, mdt loai gia sat thi trudng, theo cung ciu Nghia la khdng ap dung 1 gia dugc, ma mdt gia cd nghia la diy gia nha nude chay theo tinh tu phat ciia co che thi tmdng Do dd phai quay lai 2 gia de ed hang, tern phid'u bao dam 60-70% tidn luong thuc te cho nghidn ciiu, vidn ehiic

+ Loai y kien 2: Quy luat gia tri va cung ciu la khach quan trong san xuit va luu thdng hang boa, nd quan he vdi nhau, thd bidn gia Idn xudng xung quanh gia tri Khdng the tach 2 quy luat dd ra khdi nhau dugc Chinh sach gia ca phai van dung ea 2 quy luat dd va cac quy luat khae Dung gia de didu tid't thu nhap, de bao dam chinh sach xa hdi phai cd gidi ban va phai tdn trgng quy luat gia tri, quy luat cung ciu Neu gia ca trai vdi cac quy luat dd thi quy luat co ban va cac quy luat dac thu cua chu nghia xa hdi se bi ban che, tham chi bi triet tidu, gay tac hai cho ndn kinh te Trong chu nghia xa hdi ciing can van dung quy luat cung ciu khi xac dinh chinh

sach gia ca, song khdng dugc thoat ly qua xa gia tri vi nhu vay se pha va kd'

hoach, dao Idn thu nhap Mudn dieu chinh gia phai lam giam cang thang trong quan he cung ciu, chii khdng chi diing bidn phap hanh chinh

Gia thi trudng tu do la cd tidu cue, khdng thuc Song khdng vi vay

ma phu nhan su tdn tai khach quan cua nd hay bd mac nd tu nhidn boat ddng Vide ta dimg 2 gia, thuc te la 1 gia, vi sau dd phin chdnh Idc cua gia cung cip, ciia thi tmdng cd td chiic se dugc ngiidi an luong, ngudi cd che

do cung cap dem ra thi tmdng de trao doi, mua ban nhu gia tu do, ma khdng thdng qua nha nude Tufc la lam cho thuong nghidp xa hgi chii nghia ehi la kho giao nhan, cap phat cho thi tmdng tu do kinh doanh chu khdng tu

kinh doanh dugc, nha nude va ngudi an luong deu bi thiet thdi, chi cd bgn diu CO la dugc Igi, nay sinh tidu cue Tinh'hinh dd la khdng khuyd'n khich dugc ngudi san xuit, gia cung cap dd se khdng gin vdi gia tri, khdng gin vdi san phim, khdng kich thich dugc ngudi lao ddng tang nang suit, ha gia thanh, tang chit lugng, lam cho hg thieu phin khdi Ngudi san xuat va xi nghiep khdng mudn giao hang cho thuong nghidp, cdn thuong nghidp thi mua khdng dugc, ban khdng dugc

Dd'n Dai hdi VI (12/1986), nhiing van dd do Hdi nghi Bg Chinh tri ndu ra da dugc Dai hdi thao luan, bieu quyd't, di tdi hoan thidn chu tmong, dudng Idi doi mdi, trong dd miu ehdt la 3 vin de Idn trong kinh te: Phuang hudng diu tu coi ndng nghidp la uu tidn; Cai tao xa hdi chu nghia theo hudng thue hien nhieu thanh phin kinh te; Co che quan ly kinh te la kd't hgp thi trudng vdi ke hoach boa, thuc hien chinh sach mdt gia

Do la ca mdt qua trinh tim tdi, khao nghidm hd't siic khd khan, phiic

tap, trai qua nhidu vap vap, sai lim va thit bai, vdi nhung tra gia kha dii ciia dat nude, nhit la trong khoang mdt thap ky, tir 1976 dd'n 1986 Do dd

thing Igi cua tu duy mdi la cd y nghia rit vo Idn cua Dang va nhan dan ta

Nd la kd't tinh cua tri tud, cdng siic va ca nhiing mit mat, thiet thdi, gian khd cua can bd, nhan dan Dd la didu ma cac thd' he hdm nay va sau nay phai ghi an, tran trgng Thanh cdng, uu diem ndi bat ciia Dai hgi da danh diu budc ngoat trong xay dung Dang, trong su lanh dao each mang xa hdi chu nghia ciia Dang, the bidn trdn cac ndi dung sau:

- Thu nhat: Dang ta da cd thai do nhin thing vao su that de danh gia

diing tinh hinh dit nude sau 10 nam ca nude di Idn chu nghia xa hgi, nhat la cac yd'u kem va nguyen nhan eua nd "Nhin chung, chiing ta chua thuc hien dugc muc tidu do Dai hgi lin thii V de ra la vd co ban dn dinh tinh hinh kinh td- xa hdi, dn dinh ddi sdng eua nhan ian" Nguydn nhan la do: Danh gia tinh hinh va xac dinh muc tidu sau thing Igi ciia cugc khang chidn chdng My, ciiu nude khdng chinh xac, ndn dd ra dudng loi chung va dudng Idi kinh te cd nhidu thieu sdt Bidu hien la chua nhan thiic da\ dii rang thdi

ky qua do Idn chu nghia xa hgi la mdt qua trinh lich su" tuong ddi dai phai

4 ]

uai qua nhidu chang dudng, tu tudng chi dao chii quan ndng vdi ndn pham nhidu sai sdt trong vide xac dinh muc tidu va budc di vd xay dung co sd vat

cha't ky thuat, cai tao xa hdi chu nghia va quan ly kinh te Bd tri ca ciu kinh

te trong thdi ky 5 nam lin thii 2 (1976-1980) khdng phii hgp Bidu bidn la

de ra eac chi tidu qua cao vd xay dung co ban va phat tridn san xuit, khdng coi trgng diing miic vide khdi phuc va sip xd'p lai ndn kinh te, thien vd xay dung cdng nghidp nang va nhirng cdng trinh quy md Idn, khdng tap tmng

giai quy^t van dd can ban la luong thuc, thue phim, hang tidu dimg va hang

xua't khiu Dai hdi V cd didu chinh lai, song khdng dugc thue hien nghidm tiic

Trong cai tao xa hdi chu nghia, cung cd QHSX mdi da ndng vdi, chu quan Bidu bidn la mudn xoa bd ngay cac thanh phin kinh te phi xa hdi ehii nghia, nhanh chdng bidn kinh te tu ban tu nhan thanh kinh te qudc doanh, dua bet kinh te tu nhan, sin xuit hang boa nhd vao hgp tac xa quy

md Idn Co che quan ly kinh te eham doi mdi, duy tri qua lau co che tap tmng quan lidu, bao cap Bieu hien la chua nhan thiie diing cac mdi quan he hang boa - tidn td, chua van dung tdt quy luat gia tri, quy luat cung ciu, eham chuydn sang bach loan kinh doanh xa hgi chu nghia Phan phdi luu thdng cang thing, rdi ren, thieu giai phap cd hidu qua Bieu hien la duy tri chinh sach bao cap, che do tern phid'u, phan phdi theo dinh lugng qua lau C!hinh sach gia, luang, tidn khdng phii hgp Budng long chuydn chinh vd san, cd nhieu khuyet didm trong cai tao xa hdi chu nghia, quan ly kinh te, da'u tranh tu tudng, van hoa va trong chdng lai su pha hoai cua ke thii, dd niy sinh nhidu tidu cue

Dai hdi cho ring nhirng sai lam ndi trdn la nghidm trgng va keo dai

vd chu truang, chinh sach, sai lim vd ehi dao chidn luge va to chiic thuc hien Nhiing sai lim va khuyet didm dd bit ngudn tir nhiing khuyd't diem trong boat ddng, tu tudng, td chirc va cdng tac can bd cua Dang Day la nguydn nhan cua mgi nguydn nhan Nhirng sai lim va khuyd't didm trong cdng tac lanh dao cua Dang tmdc hd't thude vd trach nhidm cua Ban Chap hanh Tmng uang, Bd Chinh tri Ban Bi thu, Hgi ddng Bo trudng Ban chap