73 DIABA 2: CnEIIMOHKA OBYHEHHH HTEHHK BbETHAMCKHX CTY/IEHTOB-OMJIOJIOrOB HA HAHAJIbHOM 3TAnE.... Bxo/iHbtH ypOBeHb BJiazieHH5i pyCCKHM H3ÒIKOM BbeTHaMCKHX CTy/ỊeHTOB-ỘHiIO./IOrOB...8 5
Trang 1N G U Y Ễ N V Ă N H Á I
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Trang 2H H C T H T y T H H O C T P A H H b l X H 3 b I K O B
H r y E H B A H X A K
iIHHrBO-METOiIHHECKHE OCHOBbl C03/ỊAHHH
yHEEHMKA PyCCKOrO H3bIKA ZUIfl OByqEHHA qTEHMIO
Ha coHCKaHHe VMeHoii GTeneHH KaH/ỊH/ỉaTa ne/iarorMHecKHx n ay K
H ayH H biíi pyKOBO/ỊHTejib:
K a H £ ! W T n ea a ro riiH e c K H X HavK,
n p o ộ e c c o p / Ị o /ỈH H b To h p
XaHOH - 2003
Trang 3BBE/IEHHE 5 ĨJIABA 1: TEOPETHHECKHE OCHOBbl C03/ỊAHHH yHEBHHKA /ỊJIH OBYHEHHH HTEHMIO n o KOMMyHHKATHBHO-
HH/ỊHBHZỊyAJIM3HPOBAHHOMy ĨIO/ỊXO/Ịy 16
1 M e T O / Ị H H e c K i i e ơ C H O B b i y n e ổ H H K a p y c c K o r o H 3 b i K a
Kaic H H 0 C T p a H H 0 r 0 16 1.1 McTopHíỉ pa3paố0TKH B onpoca 16
Trang 43 5 C o z i e p } K a i ỉ H e o ố y n e H H H M T ữ H H io 6 9
3.6 npHHUHIIbl OỐyHeHHA MTeHHIO 72 BbiBOiĩbi no nepBOH r\7iaBe 73 DIABA 2: CnEIIMOHKA OBYHEHHH HTEHHK) BbETHAMCKHX CTY/IEHTOB-OMJIOJIOrOB HA HAHAJIbHOM 3TAnE 77
CTyAeHT0B-ỘMJi0;i0r0B Ha HaHajibHOM 3Tane 80
2 X apaKTepHCTHK a BbeTHaMCKHx CTy/ỉeHT0B-(ị)HJi0Ji0r0B
Ha HanajibHOM 3Tane 83
2 1 KOMMyHHKaTHBHbie nOTpeỔHOCTH BbeTHaMCKHX
CTy,aeHT0B-(ị)H;i0.Ji0r0B H a n aiib H o ro 3 T a n a B TreH H H 8 3 2.2 Bxo/iHbtH ypOBeHb BJiazieHH5i pyCCKHM H3ÒIKOM
BbeTHaMCKHX CTy/ỊeHTOB-ỘHiIO./IOrOB 8 5 2.3 ypOBGHb HHTe^^eKTya.abHơro pa3BHTHfl CTV,aeHTOB
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3 Me^cbH3biKOBaH H Me^cKyjibTypHaH HHTep(Ị>epetmHfl 89
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3 2 3KCTpaJIHHrBHCTHMeCKMe T p V A H O C T H 97 3.3 5Ỉ3biKOBafl cpe/ia II eế B-/I1IHHH6 Ha oóyneHHe
HHOCTpaHHOMy H3bII<y 101
Trang 5O Ó yneH H H HT6HHIO BbeTHaMCKHX CTY^aeHTOB-
OBYHEHMH HTEHHIO (yKOH) BbETHAMCKMX CTy/ỊEHTOB-
O H J I O J Ĩ O r O B H A H A H A i l b H O M 3 T A Ĩ I E .1 1 5
1 O ố m e e npeA C TaB iieiiH e o ố y K O H BbeTHaMCKHX
C T y£eH T 0B -Ộ H Ji0Ji0r0B Ha HanaiibHOM S T a n e 115
1 1 P o i l b H MeCTO y K O q B C IIC TeM e VMeÓHHKOB
npaKTHHecKoro Kypca pvccKoro H3biKa
Ịư íĩỉ cTyzieH TO B-Ộ H Jio;ioroB Ha iỉanaiibHOM 3 T a n e 115
1 2 n p H H L ỈH r ib l C03/Ị3.HH5I y K O H 1 2 0
2 C o / ỉ e p ) K a H Ị ĩ e Y K O H BbeTHaMCKHX
CTy/ỊGHTOB-Ộ H jio jio ro B Ha HanaiibHOM 3 T a n e 126
2.1 Iĩp e / iM e T H b iH K 0 M n 0 H e H T co /ie p > K aH H fl yKOH 126
2 1 1 O c H O B b i o n p e / ie iie H H H n p e / ỊM e T H o ro K O M riO H eH Ta
y K O H 1 2 62.1.2 ripHHiỉHnbi oTốopa TeKCTOBoro MaTepHajia y K O H 131
2 2 5Ĩ3biKOBOH K O M n o H e H T coziep > K an H ỹ i y K O H 1 3 3
2 2 1 n p H H U H r ib l O TỐ O pa H Ilp e /lC T a i3 Jie H H fl H3faIKOBOrO
KOMĨIOHCHTâ y K O H 133
2 2 2 A c n e K T b i H 3 b iK 0 B 0 r 0 KGMĩioiieiỉTa y K O H 1 4 2
Trang 62 3 1 y M 6 H H A , U e O Ó X O / i H M b i e B b e T H a M C K H M C T y /lC H T H M
-ỘHJioJioraM Ha Hana^bHOM 3Tane oốyMeiiHH 4TeHHio 149
2 3 2 C n cT eM a ynpa>KHeHHH AiiH oóvHeiiHH MTCHHIO 15 3
3 C T p y K T y p a Y K O H BbeTHaMCKHx
CTy/ỊGHTOB-ỘHJi0Ji0r0B Ha HanaiibHOM S T a n e 165
3 1 y n e ổ H H K HJIZ cT y/ieH T a 166
3 2 K m i r a ZUIH n p e n o / ỉa B a T tv m 1 7 0 3 3 K H H ra ZUIH AOMaiUHero HTeHHH 175
BbiBO/Ịbi no TpeTbeổ riiaB e 178
3AKJIIOHEHHE 181
OnyBTIHKOBAHHblE PABOTbl 191
BMEiIHOrPAcDHH 192
nPHJIO>KEHHE 224
Trang 7p V C C K O M V H3bII<y K a K H H O C Tp aH H O M V , B M aCTHOCTH, VH eÓ H H K npOHHO
P o i ĩ b H M6CTO YHeổiỉHKa B n p o ự e c c e oốyneH H H onpe/ie^H eT C H
c ie n y io m H M H ơ cH O BH b iM H x a p a K T e p H C T íiK a M H , K O T O p b ie 3 e ;i a i 0 T e r o
H H T erpH pviom H M 3BeHOM B ce ro r ip o ự e c c a oốyMCHMH!
yH 6Ố H H K aK K y M y jiH p y eT B c e ổ e u,e;iH oốYMeHHH, M aT ep » a./i,
n o / u ie M c a iU H Ìí O Ố íO a T e iIb H O M y yC B O e H H IO , H â B b lK H H VM eH H H , KO TO p b ie
H e 0 ố X 0 Z iH M 0 ộ o p M H p o B a T b y y H a m n x c H
y n e Ó H H K H BJIH eTCH OCHOBHblM pyKO BO ,ữCTBO M B paÓ O Te
o ố y H a io m e r o H o ó v ^ a e M b ix ; OH n p G Z ỊC T a B JiH 0 T COỐOH CBO/I H H C T p y K U H H
ữ J i í ĩ y n e ố H b i x A e H C T B H H H azi n p e n M e T H b iM M a T e p n a iĩO M II y n e ố H b t x
B 3 a H M O jie H C T B H H M e> Kiiy c o ố o ií ; o n p e a e ii íi e T M eTO /iH K y p a ó o T b i, T e
c n o c o ố b l H B H A b l n p e 3 e H T a iIH H , T p e H H p O B K H H K O H Tp O JIH y n e Ố H I IK - 3TO ue^bHaH MeT0/ỊHHecKafl cHCTeMa [131].
O t K a n e C T B a V M eỐ H IIK a 33.BH CH T KaM eCTBO OỐ ỴHeHM ÍI n 0 3 T 0 M V
H a u ie B H H M a m ie n p H B iie K ^ a n p o ố iie N ia c 0 3 /ia H H H T a K o r o yH e Ó H M K a ,
K ơ T o p b iH 6 b iJ i 6 b i c n o c o ố e n n p o ó y / iM T b y y H a m n x c H H H T e p e c K
n 3 y n a e M O M y H 3 b iK y H o ổ e c n e M H T b > K ejiaeM b iH p e 3 y jib T a T
H aH ốo;ibLiiH H )Ke HHTepec npe/ỊC TaB /ineT /ỤIH n a c npoốiie.M a
C 0 3 a a H H fl y n e Ó H H K a / U IÍI O Ó yn eH H H 4TeH H IO B h e T H a M C K H X C T V /Ịe H T O B -
ộ n j i o j i o r o B n a H a n a iib H O M S T a n e , n o T Q M y 4TO H TeH H e HM eeT o rp o M H o e
Trang 8SHcLMCHHC B OỐỴHeHHH HHOCTpaHHOMy H 3blK y: OIIO HBimeTCỹỉ H n e ilb io
BV3ax BbeTH aM a n o 3THM nocoÓHAM ÍỊ0K a3blB aeT HX /ỈOCTOHHCTBa, 0
KOTOpbix roBopHJiocb Ha MeTOAHHecKHx ceMHHápax npencxaaBaTe.aeĩi -
O/ỊHaKO B n o H C K ax H a n ố o ;ie e s ộ ộ e K T H B H b ix n v T eií
o n T H M H 3 a u H H n p o u e c c a o ó vM eH H A ố b iJiH H a ìí/ ỉe H b i HOBbie
K O H iỉen T y a^b H b ie peuieH H H , MTO ri0B./ieKJi0 3 a COỐOH ố o jib iu iie
H 3M eH 6H H 5I B nO H H M aH M H H p e in e H H H p n / Ịa M eTO ^ H H CCKH X B O n p O C O B, B TOM H H C ie H y n e Ố H H K O B
c TO H KH 3 p e H H fl K O M M y H H K a T IIB H O -H H /IM B H Z iy a jIH 3 H p O B a H H O rO
npeno/iaBaHHH HHOCTpaHHblX H3bIK0B, OÓHapV>KHBaJIHCb CjiezỊyiOLLỊHe
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C0Aep>KaTCH B O/IHOM n o c o ố H H , H axoiỉH m eM Cn. B p v i< a x CTy,aeHTOB, TO
nepeM HTblBaiOTCH H BCJie£CTBMe 3T0TO He HOCHT MHỘOpMaHMOHHblÌÍ
x a p a K T e p 3 t o He B bi3biB aeT V CTy^enTO B H H T ep ec, He n o B b iiu a e T
M OTHBaum o MTeHHH, He M o 6 m n i3 y eT BHHMaHHe, naMHTb, He
Trang 9a K T H B H 3 H p y e T A e flT e JIb H O C T b C T y a e H T a ^ T e H H e T ílK H X T 0 K C T O B He
H M H T H p y e T H H e B 0 c n p 0 H 3 B 0 / ỉH T p e a /Ib H O e MTGHHe
2 ) H 3 - 3 a T o r o , *ĨT 0 d y z ie H T b i M o r y T H H T a T b T e K C T b i flO M a,
p e 3 V J Ib T a T n p O B e p K H n o H H M aH H H n o c ji e H TeH H H B a v / ỊH T o p H H Mo^ceT
Ố blTb H eB epH blM , He OTpa^KaTb p eaJlb H b IH ypO B eH b HaBblKOB H yMeHHH
3) ycpeaHeHHe HHỘopMaiiHH H eẽ M0H0^0r0B0e H3Jio>KeHHe Ha
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CTyaeHTOB, KOTOpaa HOCHT HH/I,HBHAyaJIbHbIH x a p a K T e p K p o M e 3 T o ro , CTV A eH Tbl H e OAHOpO&Hbl n o VpOBHIO BJia& eHHH HHOCTpaHHblM (p y C C K H M ) H3bIKOM, n 0 3 T 0 M y OAHH H Te 5Ke TeKCTbl M O ryT ỔblTb
T p y ^ H b lM H A-HH O/ỊHHX CTyaeHTOB, H B TO >Ke BpeMH OKa3bIBaiOTCH
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x a p a K T e p H a Ỉ U Ỉ Ĩ Ỉ B peM eH H c o 3 2 a H H f l n o c o Ó H H , H e c K 0 Jib K 0 v c T a p e ; i a H
H e COOTB6TCTBV6T CerO /ỊH H U lH eH £eH C TB H Te;ibH O C T H
yneÓ H H K c 3aKpbITOH CTpyKTypOH 3JIH OÓVHeHHH HTeHHK) He CnOCOỔeH n03H aK 0M H Tb CTV/ỊeHTOB c HOBOH H H Ộ O pM aiIH eH H COÓblTHHMH, npOHCXOAHIHHM H B COBpeM eHHOH 2KH3HH
5 ) C T yaeH T bi He B 00pyjK eH bi MeTOAOM HTeHHA, n03T0M y
n p H C T y n a n K HTeHHIO p a 3 H b ix AOKyMeHTOB, OHH He 3HaiOT, HTO Ba>KHO
Ỉ U Ì Ĩ Ỉ H HX O H H HHTaiOT B ce HHOH3bIHHbie TeKCTbl nOHTH O^HHaKOBO, 0C T aH aB JiH B ai0T C 5i n p H B C T p e n e H O B o ro c j i0 B a , HTOóbi HCKaTb e r o
3HaneHHe B c^OBape.
Trang 10ơ n ep aT H B H O H OỔpaTHOH CB5Ĩ3H, HV>KHOH /ỊJIH CHCTeMaTHHeCKHX
3a K p e r i J i e H H H B y n e ổ H O M n p o u e c c e ; H e z i 0 C T a T 0 M H 0 e B H H M a H H e K
p a 3 B H T H K > H a B b lK O B C a M O K O p p e K IỈH H , C aM O O ựeH KH H C aM O KO H TpO ^ H
B H3Óe>KaHHe 3THX H e a o c T a T K ơ B n p e n o z ỉa B a T e jiH n p H H O c ^ T B
a y /ỊH T o p H K ) O/ỊHH, /ỊB a TeKCTa H p a 3 £ aiO T CTVAeHTaM H a 3aHHTHHX
O/XHaKO 3TO HeAOCTaTOHHO ỊlJỉĩl T o ro , HTOỔbl yaOBJieTBOpHTb
nOTpeÓHOCTH ynam H X C H H riOBblCHTb SỘỘeKTHBHOCTb OÓyneHHSI
3 e f lT e jib H 0 C T H B b in a & a e T H3 n o j if l 3p 6H H H n p e n o fla B a T e J if l H H a H e ro
o ố p a m e H o H eAocTaTO H H oe BHHMaHHe H e M a/to c iiy n a e B BMecTO T o ro ,
n o K a 3 b iB a io m H e noH H M aH H e e r o , HM n p e /ự ia ra e T C H HTeHHe, n e p e c K a 3
T eK C T a H OTBeTbl H a B o n p o c b i n o T6KCTV H ie H H e V T paH H B aeT CBOK)
C aM O C T O H T e ilb H O C T b H n p e B p a m a e T C H B a T p H Ó V T y cT H O H p e H H , H
BbinOJIH*IK)TCfl B ACUDKHOỔ C TeneH H
OỔOCHOBaHHOỈÍ KOHIienLỊHH C03AaHHH yneỔ H H K a AJIfl OỔyneHHH HTeHHK)
T IH H rB H C T H H e C K H X , C O IIH a JIb H b IX H / Ị p y r a x ộ a K T O B , H a OCHOBe KOTOpOH
MO>KHO C 0 3 Z ia T b y n e ổ H H K , c n o c o Ó H b iH y z i0 B J ie T B 0 p ỊiT b Tp e Ố O B aH H H
oổLLtecTBa H y n a m e r o c H , H o ố e c n e H H T b >KeJiaeMbiH v c n e x
Trang 11B c ế C K a 3 a H H o e o n p e # e j m e T a K T y a J i b H O C T b T eM bi H a i n e r o
H(CC.ie/lOBaHHH
O ó t e K T O M H C C J i e / Ị O B a H H í ĩ f l B J i f l e T c f l n p o u e c c o ó y n e H H H
BÊ>eTHaMCKHX C T y,aeH T O B -(ị)H JIO ;iO rO B H a H a n a iib H O M 3 T a n e HT0HHIO KaK
B H H y p e n e B O H A eH T e^bH O C T H n o KOM M
yHHKaTHBHO-H ĩm yHHKaTHBHO-H B yHHKaTHBHO-H £ y a 7 iyHHKaTHBHO-H 3 yHHKaTHBHO-H p 0 B a yHHKaTHBHO-H yHHKaTHBHO-H 0 M y n o a x o a y , y n e Ó H b ie n o c o Ó H H ,
H c n o jib 3 y e M b ie B 3T0M n p o u e c c e , a TaiO K e ộ a K T o p b i, 0K a3biB aK )U ỉH e
B /IH íĩH H e H a 3TOT n p o i i e c c
n p e /Ị M e T O M H C C Jie/ỊO B aH H íi H B ^e T C H p a 3 p a ổ o T K a jiHHrBO“
M eT O £H H ecK H X OCHOB C 03 flaH H H y n e Ó H H K a p y c c K o r o H 3 b IK a /ỊJ1H
O ố V H e H H A H T eH H K ) B b e T H a M C K H X C TV /ỊeH TO B-Ộ H 7IO JIO rO B H a H a n a JIb H O M
3T a n e 3 t h ^ H H r B O - M e T O A H M e c K H e o c H O B b i , ó y a y H H ỈUISỈ a B T o p o B -
C O C iaB H T eJieH y n e ố H H K a HaZie>KHbIM OpHeHTHpOM , n0 3 B 0 JIH I0 T C 0 3 ^ a T b
TaKOỈÍ yneỔ H H K , KOTOpblH c n o c o ó e n aK TH B H 3H poB aTb aeíĩT eiib H O C T b
yH aiiiH X C íĩ B HTeHHH H TeM caM biM o ó e c n e H H B a T b o B iia a e H H e HaBbiKaM H
OÓyMeHHH HTeHHK) BbeTHaMCKHX CTyAeHTOB-ỘHJIOJIOrOB H a H anaiIbH O M
3 T a m e c ĨI0 3 H 1 IH H K O M M yH H K aTH B H O -H H & H BH aycL7IH 3H p O BaH H O rO n O /ỊX O A a ,
Trang 12MTO n03B0JIHT BbiaeiIHTb OCHOBHbie npHHUHnbl H TpeÓOBaHHÍI K
c 0 3 £ a H H H K O T o p o r o ơ T ổ o p , p a c n p e / ỉe jie H H e , n p e 3 e H T a iiH « H y c B o e H H e
M aT e p n a T ia c ^ e jia H b i c ó o ^ e e n o iiH b iM VM6T0M n c H X 0 Ji0 rH H e cK 0 H ,
CaM H X y n a iH H X C ÍĨ (KO M M yH H KaTH BH O H nOTpeÓHOCTH B HTeHHH CTy^ eH TO B,
HX B 03paC T H 0-riC H X 0.fl0rH líeCKHX OCOỔeHHOCTeM, VpOBHA nO/ỊrOTOBKH
H H O C Tp aH H O rO H 3 b I K a ) , a T a iO K e K O H K p e T H b lX VCJIO BH H (n p o r p a M M b l,
KO JIH H eC TBa B p e M e H H , O TBej,eH H O rO OÓVHeHHK), oóyHCHM íĩ BHe ỹI3bIKOBOH
c p e ^ b i H T n )
yneÓ H H K ( b aaHHOM c,TVHae yneÓHHK p y c c K o ro H3biKa ỈXỈÌĨÌ
0ỐVH6HHH HTeHHIO C T V /ie H T 0 B -Ộ H J1 0 JI0 r0 B H a H an a^ b H O M 3 T a n e ) , K3.K
H A p y r H e y n e ố H b ie c p e /ic T B a , c 0 3 /ia H AJIH oốvneH H H o n p e a e jie H H o r o
K C H T H H re H T a V H a n iH X C H 0 n p eflejieH H 0 M y n p e ^ M e T y n o ơ n p e ^ e ^ e H H O M y
M e T O A H H e cK O M y riO / ỊX O A y B K O H K p e T H b lX V H eÓ H blX VC.7IOBH5IX, nOSTOM V
e r o aộ ộ eK T H B H O C T b 3ÍIBHCHT OT Ciie/IVIOmHX OCHOBHblX ộaK T O pO B :
1 ) n p e H M y m e c T B a M eT o/ỊH H ecK oro n o ữ x o /Ị a , B p y c ; i e K ơ T o p o ro
c o 3 fla H yneÓ H H K H n o KOTOpOMy BeaeTCH oóyM eH H e;
2) HaCKO^bKO nOJIHO OH VHHTblBaeT:
a ) o c o ố e H H o c T H y n a iu H X C H ;
6 ) x a p a K T e p n p e / iM e T a (o ổ y H e H H e H T6H H K) H a H e p 0 /ỊH 0 M H 3 b iK e )
B C B e T e B b ió p a H H o r o M e T 0 £ H H e c K 0 r 0 n o / ỊX ũ ^ a ;
b) y c ji0 B H H , B ỊC O TO p b ix n p o T e K a e T n p o u e c c o ổ y n e H H H H T6H H ĨO
Trang 13H eo ó x cự ỊH M o peiH H Tb CJie/iyK)IIIHe O C H O B H b ie 3 £ m a H H :
1 P Ĩ3 y H H T b T e o p e T H H e c K H e nOJIO>KeHHH, C B H 3 a H H b ie c TeMOH
HCCTie^oBaHHH, a TOHHee:
- paCCM OTpeTb O Ó yneH H e HT6HHIO B C B d e KOMMyHHKaTHBHO-
HHjHBHziyajiH3HpoBaHHoro n o a x o /Ịa , K0T0pbiH cHHTaeTCA B eaym eỉí
T eH aeH U H eỉỉ B M6TO/ỊHK6 n p e n o a a B a H H H HHOCTpaHHOrO H3bIKa, HTO
T peÓ O B aH H H K 3TOM y n p e ^ M e T y (oÓVHCHHK) HT6HHK)
CTyAeHTOB-Ộ H j i o j i o r o ;
p a c c M O T p e ĩ b T eo p H K ) y n e Ó H H K a p y c c K o r o H 3biK a KaK
HHOCTpaHHOrO c TOHKH 3peHHH HQ3BaHHOrO nO/ỊXO/Ịa, HTO n03B0JIHT
ocBeTHTb ocHơBHbie Bonpocbi y^eÓHHKa: LieiM, co£ep}KaHHe H
c T p y K T y p v y n e Ó H H K a ; e r o ơ c H O B H b ie K O M n o H e H T b i, o p ra H H 3 a iiH K >
je íỉT e jib H 0 C T H o ó y n a e M o r o H o ổ y n a i o m e r o n o y n eổ H H K v ; o n p e a e -a e H H e
CITOCOÓOB, BH/IOB npe3eH T aiIH H , TpeHHpOBKH H KOHTpOJIH.
2 npOaHaJIH3HpOBaTb OCOÓeHHOCTH CTy/ỊeHTOB-ỘHJIO^OrOB KaK
Trang 14- H 3 JI0 }K e H H b ie B n o c iie a H H X H o p M a T H B H b ix A O K V M e H T a x U eJIH H
3 a ^ a H H O Ó yneH H ÍI HTeHHK) BbeTHaM CKHX C T V Z ỊeH T 0 B -Ộ H J1 0 ^ 0 r0 B ;
- c p o K o ố y n eH H ỹ i H KOjiHMecTBO B p e M e H H , 0 T B eaeH H 0 e oổyHeHHK)
H T e H H io ;
- B T IH ÍIH H e c ộ e p b i o ó y n e H H H , p o A H o ro H 3 b IK a H T p y A H O C T H , c
K O T O p b lM H C T y ữ e H T b l HaCTO B C T p e n a iO T C a n p H H T6H H H H a p y c c K O M
H 3 b IK e
4 n p o a H a / iH 3 H p o B a T b H c n o jib 3 v e M b ie B H acTO H m ee BpeM H n o co ổ H H
O Ó yneHHÍĨ HT6HHIO BbeTHaMCKHX CTV,HeHTOB-ỘHJIO;iOrOB, a TaK^Ke
npaKTHKV ( n p o u e c c ) OÓVHeHHH 3TOMV BHfly peneBOH /ỊGHTeJIbHOCTH Ha
H 3 b IK O B b IX ộ a K V T Ib T e T a X
5 npe/IJIO>KHTb JIHHrBO-MeTO/ỊHHeCKHe OCHOBbl C03/iaHHfl yneÓHHKa
p y c c K o r o H 3bIK a /ỊJIH OỐyneHHH HTeHHK) B bem aM CKH X CTy/ĩeH TO B-
ộ m i o T i o r o B H a H a n a jib H O M 3 T a n e
H o B H 3 H a HCCJie/ỊOBaHIlH 3aKJIK)HaeTCfl, BO-nepBbIX, B TOM,
HTO n p a K T H H e c K H B n e p B b ie n p e O T p H H H M a e T C íi n o n b iT K a p a 3 p a 6 o ĩa T b
H aV H H O O Ó O CH O BaH H bie H JIH H rB O “ M eTO /ỊH H eCKH a p ry M e H T H p O B a H H b ie
ocHOBbi c03/iaHKH y n e ổ H o ro KOMniieKca p y ccK o ro H3biKa Ỉ\RĨ{ oổyHeHHH
HTeHHIO ( Y K O H ) BbeTHaMCKHX CTVaeHTOB-ỘH;iOJIOrOB Ha H ana^bH O M
3 T a n e 0ỔVM6HHH (HSO) no KOMMyHHKaTHBHO-HHZỊHBHjỵajIH3HpOBaHHOMV
n o a x o / t y c ynéTOM nCHXOJIOniHeCKHX, MeTO/UiHeCKỈIX H imHTBHCTHHeCKHX
o c o ó e H o c T e ổ 3 T o r o B H /ia p e n e B O H /ỊeíiT ejib H O C T H , a TaK}Ke
K O M M y H H K a T H B H b lX n O T p e Ó H O C T e H , B 0 3 p a C T H 0 - n C H X 0 JI0 ri'IH e C K H X H
A p y r a x o c o ổ e H o c T e ổ BbeTHaMCKHX cT y/ỊeH T O B -(ị)H jiojioroB H a n a j[b H o ro
OổVHeHHH HTeHHIO yH H TblBaeTC H He B £OJI>KHOH M epe
Trang 15- B 0 - B T 0 p b I X , B HaVHHO OÓOCHOBaHHOM H MeTO/lHHeCKH
K a x z Ị o r o KOM nơHeHTa y H e ổ H o ro K O M im eK ca, a TaiOKe B o n p e ^ e ie H H H
B3ỉaHM 0CBH3H H c T p y K T y p b i KOM nơHeHTOB 3 T o r o y n e ổ H o r o K O M iu ieK ca
JIH H rB O ~ M e T O /ỊH H e C K H M H OCHOBaM H MO>KHO C 0 3 /Ịa T b y K O H ; , KO TO pblH
np eZ IC T aB J!H eT c o ó o ỉ í O T K pblT yiO , raÓ K V K ) H ^HHaM HHHVIO CHCTeM y, HTO
no3Boj!HeT npenoA aBaTejiio B VHeÓHOM n p o iiecce:
1 ) oổecneH H B aT b peajibH 0C T b n p e /Ịjia ra e M b ix Ha 3aH5iTHflx
CHETyaUHH H peailbH O C T b /Ịe5IT6JIbHOCTH B TaKHX CHTVaiIHHX; CTpOHTb
n p o u e c c o ó y ^ e H H H HTeHHK) K aK p e a ^ b H b i ổ n o 3 H a B a T e ;ib H b iH n p o u e c c -
n p o u e c c y a o B iie T B o p e H H H n oT peÓ H O C T eH vH am H X C H B n o /iv H e H H H
HƠBOỔ, H H T epecH O ổ H H Ộ opM aiiH H H B 3TOM n p o u e c c e Ộ O pM H pO BaTb V
VHaiUHXCH HaBblKH H ỴMeHHH HTeHHH;
2 ) B o o p y^ ca T b C T ya e H T O B MeTO/ỊOM HTeHHH H a HHOCTpaHHOM H 3 b IK e;
3 ) npoB o/ỊH Tb HHflHBim yajiH3aĩỉHK) n p o u e c c a o ó y n e H H íi, HTO
ri0 3 B 0 ;ifleT npe/ỊOCTaBHTb KcĐKAOMy CTy/ỊeHTy B03M0}KH0CTb
K tcnblT blB aT b HỴBCTBO y/ỊOBO^bCTBHÍI, HVBCTBO pa/IOCTH OT HTeHHH 3 t o
B c e jif le T B K a> K flo ro C T y /ieH T a V BepeH H O CTb B c e ổ e , p a3 B H B aeT
MOTHBauHK) H TeM caMbiM noM oraeT eMy in a r 3a rnaroM ABHraTbCíĩ
B ĩ i e p e a , K A ocTH aceH H io u e j m ;
4 ) n p O B e p H T b p e a J I b H b I H y p O B e H b CỘOpM HpOBaHHOCTH HaBblKOB
H yMeHHH y K a a c /io ro cT v se H T a H epe3 ypoB eH b noHHMaHHH
c o /Ịe p )K aH H H H O B oro TeKCTa, HTO n 0 3 B 0 JifleT n p e n o A a B a T e ^ K ) BOBpeMa
n p H M G H H T b p a 3 H b ie M e p o n p H H T H H ữ f l ỹ iI n O B b im e H H H a ộ ộ e K T H B H O C T H
OÓyHeHHH c uejibio BblBO/ỊHTb c ^ aó b ix Ha 6 o ;iee BblCOKHH ypOBeHb
B J ia f le H H f l 5I3bIKOM H n p e ^ O C T a B iIH T b CH JIbH bIM y n a m H M C H
B03M 0)KH0CTb npO A BH raTbCÍI 6 o J ie e ỐblCTpblMH TeM naM H;
Trang 165 ) OỔHOBTIHTb COAepHCaHHe Y K C m H H Ộ o p M a i ỉ H e ỉ í , K O T O paa
COOTBeTCTByeT pea^tbHOCTH: >10n0JIHfITb Y K O H HOBbiMH no.7ie3HbiMH
CTyaeHTOB TeKCTaMH, a TalOKe OTÓpaCblBaTb TO, HTO HM
H eH H TepecHO, He Hy^KHo TaKHM 0Ó pa30M , coflep>KaHHe y K O H M05K6T
PựĩTH B H o rv c H3MeHeHH5IMH, KOTOpbie npOHCXO/ỊHT B COBpeMeHHOH
>KH3HH H O Tpa^ C aTb H H T e p e c y io m H e C T y a e H T O B B O n p O C b l, TeM caM biM
Y K O H MOXCeT VBeiIHHHTb BpeM H CBOerO H cn07ib30BâH H H
T e o p e T i r q e c K o e 3 H a n e H H e H C C J i e z t o B a H H H 3 a K J ! K ) H a e T C H B
p a 3 p a Ó O T K e iIHHrBO-MeTOAHMeCKHX OCHOB C03ZiaHHH y K O H
B b e T H a M C K H X C T y fle H T O B -Ộ H JIO JIO rO B H a H a H a jĩb H O M 3 T a n e c II0 3 H L U ĨH
KOMMyHHKaTHBHO“ HH/íHBHđyaJIH3HpOBaHHOrO n o /Ịx o /Ị a , HTO n03B 0Jm eT
B b IA e JIH T b O CH O BH bie n p H H U H n b l H T p e Ố O B a H H a K C03/ỊaH H K> A a H H o ro
y n e ố H o r o K O M i u i e K c a H e r o K 0 M n 0 H 6 H T 0 B , K O T O p b i e M o r y T c i i y a c H T b
HaaẻHCHblM, aộộeKTHBHblM Opy/ỊHeM ỈXỈin aBTOpOB-COCTaBHTeiieH
YKOH.
n p a K T H H e c K o e 3H aH eH H e HCCJie£OBaHHJĩ onpeflejiseTC fl
COCTaBHTeJI5IMH y K O H BbeTHaMCKHX CTyữeHTOB-ỘH^ÍOJIOrOB, a TaiOKe
n p e n o ữ a B a T e jiH M H -n p aK T H K a M H B noB biH ieH H H a ộ ộ eK T H B H o c T H
OỔVH6HHH aaH H O M y B H fly p e n e B O H ^eH T eJIbH O C TH
B p a ó o T e 6 y ữ y ĩ npHMeHHTbCH c jie /Ịy io m H e M eT O /Ịbl
H c c jie flO B a H H H :
- MHOroộaKTOpHO-aH&TlHTHHeCKHH MeTO/Ị: 3T0T MeTOA npHMeHaeTCH
n p H H 3ỴM eH H H H aH & JiH 3e H o p M a T H B H b ix /ỊO K yM C H T O B , y n e Ó H b ix
Trang 17OÓVHeHHIO HT6HHK), o n p o cb l H ốece£bl co CTyaeHTaMH BbIÍIBJieHHJI
HX KOMMVHHKaTHBHblX nOTpeÓHOCTeỉĩ B HTeHHH H a pyCCKOM H3bIKe;
y n e Ó H b ix KHHr H n o c o ổ H H ữ J iĩi oó y n eH H H HTeHHio ( 1 1 4 Ha3BaHHH Ha
pyccKOM H aHniHHCKOM H 3bIK ax) H npHJIO>KeHHíI.
Trang 18yqeỐ H O Ố /ỊHUHrUIHHbl (o Ố y n e H H H HTeHHK) C Ty/ỊeH TO B-Ộ H JIO JIO rO B) H / i p
MeTO/Ịbl OỔyneHHH HHOCTpaHHOMy H3bIKy, H BMeCTe c HHMH ỐbIJIH CQ3AaHbi yneÓHHKH p a 3 H b ix H ãn p aB ^ eH H H
Trang 19/X o nOHBiieHHH KOMMyHHKaTHBIiO-OpHeHTHpOBaHlIOrO n o /ix o /ia
H C T O p H H MeTOAHKM n p e n o / ia B a H H H H H O C Tp a H H b lX H 3bIKO B 3 H a e T
M HoroHHCJi6HHbie H M H o ro o ó p a3 H b ie MeTOAbl, T3.KH0, KaK
H a T v p a ^ b H b itì, rpaMMaTHKO-nepeBOAHOH, npHMOH H A p , KOTOpbie 7IMÓO C O C y m e C T B y iO T , JIH Ố 0 H a xo ^ H T C H B HenpH M H pH M O M
n p O T H B O p e H H H P Ĩ3 M lIO >KeCTBa M e iO /ỈO B , H 3 B e C T H b IX B ^ H T e p a T y p e ,
M O)KHO B 33.BHCHMOCTH OT PỈX CBH 3H c nC H X H H eC K H M H n p O IỉeC C aM H
O B Jia£eH H fl H3bIKOM Bbĩ/ỊeiIHTb /ỊBa OCHOBHblX HanpaBJieHHH B
n p e r i O A a B a H H H HHOCTpaHHblX fl3 bIKOB: C0 3 H a T e ;ib H 0 e H HHTVHTHBHOe
]/[ Ha BCGM npOTÍUKeHHH HCTOpHH pa3BHTHfl MeTO£OB, KaK crip aB ezỉ/iH B 0 3 a M e m /i M H B h t i o h c b , “ MaHTHHK pacK aH H Bajicfl Me>KAy AByMH 3THMH KpaỉÍHOCTAMM: ỘOpMailbHblM H3VHeHHeM A3biKa H npaKTHHecKHM” [42- 26] K OAHOH H TOH )Ke uejiH - 0B;iazieHHi0 H3bIKOM KaK Cpe^CTBOM OÓmeHHH - CTOpOHHHKH £ByX pa3HbIX
n o / ỊX O / ỊO B C Tp 0M H JiH C b n o ~ p a 3 H 0 M y : rp a M M a T H M e cK H e ( ộ o p M a iib H b ie )
MeTOAbi opHSHTHpoBcUiH o ó y n eH H e Ha 0BJia/ỉeHHe ộopM aM H H3biKa ữJin
n p a K T H M e c K o r o H c n 0 J ib 3 0 B â H P ĩíi H X B ố y / ỉy m e M ; B n p a K T H H e c K H X ( r i p H M b i x ) M e T O A a x n ia B H b iM T p e ó o B a H H e M ố biJT0 O B/ra^ eH H e (Ị)0pM aM H
H 3 b IK a B C H T y a U H H X B C 0 0T B 6 TC T B M H c 3THM H M e m a a M H ÓbUIH
c o 3 n a H b i p a 3 H b ie r ĩ0 K 0 ;ie H H íĩ y n e ố H H K O B , 0 T JiH H a i0 iiỉH X C 5 i / I p y r OT / ỉ p v r a pfl£OM npH3HaKOB (n a p aM e T p O B ) 3 t h rĩOKOJieHHíĩ yneÓHMKOB B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT K p H T ep H eB HX K JiaCC H Ộ H K aựH H M O ryT ÓblTb
p a 3 /ie jie H b i Ha rp a M M a T H K o -n e p eB o /ỊH b ie, C T p y K T y p ajib H b ie H
K O M M y H H K a T H B H O - n o B e a e H H e c K H e [ 5 ] ; H 3 b iK O B b ie H p e n e B b ie [ 1 2 1 Ị
K a > K £ b m H3 3 T H X M eTO/ỊOB O Ố Jia /ỉa e T C B 0 6 H C H JIb H O ỈÍ C TO pO H O ỈÍ,
H aK iia/ib iB aeT CBOH OTnenaTOK Ha yH eổH biíí n p o ự e c c H o HH O/IHH H3
H1IX H e MO)K6T 0X BaTbiBaTb B ce ộ a K T o p b i, c o n p o B o > K /ỉaio m H e n p o u e c c
OBJia/ỉeHHfl H3bIKOM OpHeHTaựHH 23bIK - HJũi - Ịia penb
Ị €>At H' _ • 1 !
V LHIQ.Ỹ !
Trang 20n p e A n o ^ a r a e T , 4TO TTHÓO yHamHHCH 13 COCTOHHHH H3BJiCHb npaB H Jia KOMMyiIMKaHHH B XO£e yCBOeilHA H3bIKa, JĩHổo KOMMyHHKaTHBiiaa KOMneTGHLỊHH TO>KACCTB6HHa peMeBOH 0 /m a i< o o ó a npezinojio)K eH H fl,
n o MH6HHIO A p A p yT ioH O B a, “ o u iH ố o H H b i” , H nơSTOM y n e M oryT
CJiy>KHTb HAeaJIbHbIM MeTOAOM B OỐyneHHH HHOCTpamiOMy H3bIKy.
B noH CK ax HaH Ó o/iee aộ ộ eK T H B H b ix n y T e íi 0ốyH6HM5ỉ
C(ị)OpMyJIIipOBâHbI OCHOBbl KOMMyHHKaTHBHOro nOAXOAa B OỐyneHHH
H H O C T p a H H O M y 5 ĩ3 b IK V
nonbiTKH npeiỊCTaBHTb 3TOT n p o u e cc BO Bceồ ero C,TO>KH0CTH H HaiiTH
oóyMeHHH 3 t o t n o a x o A npejỉycM aT pH B aeT , B O -nepB bix, n e p e x o /1 LxeHTpa BHHMaHHÍI B oốyneHHM c CHCTCMbl H3bIKa Ha CHCT6My e r o ncrĩ0Jib30BaHW ỹi; B o-B T opbix, n e p e x o z i ueH T p a oóvHeHHH c yHHTejĩfl Ha
y n a m e r o c H 3 t o t n o ữ x o ữ n p e iin o jia r a e T o p raH H 3 au H io 3Í1HHTHM KaK
y q a m n x c H cHTyaựHHX H T p e ố y e T ộopM H poB aH H H y HHX yMeHHH
OổlLiaTbCH B H eTblpẻX BH ^aX peHeBOỈÍ /ỊeHTeJIbHOCTH; ay/IH pO B aH H H ,
rOBOpeHHM , HTeHHH H nHCbM e
KOMMyHHKaTHBHblỉí no/ixcựl nyTeM MO^HỘHKaUHH (ycm ieHHÍl)
O T A e ^ b H b lX CBO H X 3JieM 6H TO B p a3 H b lM H H C C Jie/IO BaTeJIH M H n O Jiy H H JI peajHI3aUHIO B pa3JIHHHbIX BapHaHTax K0MMyHHKâTHBH0-/Ị6HTejrbH0CTH0r0 [132], HHTGHCHBHoro [77] MemaOB OỐyHeHHíI.
K O M M yH H K aTH B H oro o ố y n e H H H , B HaiHH AHH n o jiy H H ;i /Ị a iib H e H iu e e
Trang 21KOMMyHHKaTHBHO-H KOMMyHHKaTHBHO-H z u i B KOMMyHHKaTHBHO-H f l y a j i KOMMyHHKaTHBHO-H 3 KOMMyHHKaTHBHO-H p o i 3 a i i n o r o n o / i x o / i a T a K O KOMMyHHKaTHBHO-H n o / ỉ x o A 0 T p a > K a e T , c
O/IIIOH CTOpOHbl, HZieiO CBOỐO/lHOrO pa3BHTHH j1MHHOCTM , KOTOpaa B
H a u iH £ H H H a ổ ^ io /ỉa e T C H BO B c e x c ộ e p a x >KH3HH, a c / ip y r o H C TO pO H bi, cneiiH Ộ H K V npe/ỊM eT a H H ocT paH H oro H3biKa B e /ỉb peH b vH am eroc*!
k a K C p e /ỈC T B O Bbipa>i<eHMH e r o c y r y ố o H H / iH B H / iy a jib H b ix nepeXCHĐaiiHH, HyBCTB, 3MOUHHH HB/IHeTCH HH/ỊHBH/iya.qbHOH, HenOBTOpHMOÌÍ, nOSTOMy KOMMVHHKaiỉHA H e ẻ HHTeHCHỘHKaiíHA / ỊO C T H rH y T a TO /IbKO n p H y C JIO B H H H H /ỊH B H A y a /m 3 a u H H y n e Ó H o ro
n p o ự ec ca MMeHHO n03T0My r B PoroB a 6biJia coBepmeHHO npaBa,
K o r T ỉa C K a 3 a j i a : “ O ó y n e H H e H H O C T paH H O M y í ĩ3 b i K y , n o ) K a j i y H , B
ổO-mbiueH CTeneHH, H6M KaKOMy jm 6 o A p v ro M y npe/ỊM eT y, T peốyeT
HH/ỊHBHAya^HSHpoBaHHoro no/Ịxcxaa” [143 - 46].
B O C H O B y K O M M V H H K a T H B H O - H H / I H B H f l y a J I H 3 H p O B a H H O r O n O / Ị X O / l à
n o jĩo > K e H a T a i< a fl 0 p r a H K 3 a u H H n p o u e c c a O B iia/ỊG H H H H 3 yn a eM b iM
H 3bLKO M , n p H KOTOpOH B c e Ố a 3 0 B b ie y n e Ố H b ie e /lH H H U b l H H O CTpaH H O rO
H 3 b iK a H /Ị0HCTBMH, n p O B O /ỊH M b ie c 3THMH e/IH H H Iia M H , OTÓHpaiOTCÍI B
ri03H aBaTe;ibHbiM H HHTepecaMH HHOCTpaHHbix ynainHXCH, a TaioKe c yneTOM w x p e a^ b H b lX ĨICHXOJIOrHHeCKHX B03M0>KH0CTeH H HH,a;HBHZiyaJIhHbIX OCOỐeHHOCTeỔ.
Ĩ Ĩ O ữ KOMMyHHKaTHBHOCTbK) OỐyneHH H n o H H M aeT C íỉ, HTO “ B ce
y n e ổ H b ie M aTepH ajibi H KdủKỉioe 3aHHTHe AO/DKHbi ổbiTb H anpaB iieH bi
Ha B bipaốoT K v y y n a m H x c H cnocoÓHOCTH M cn0Jib30BaTb nojiyH eH H bie
3 H a H H fl, H a B b lK H H Ỵ M eH H H B eCTeCTBCHHO M O Ố m eH H H H a W3yHaeMOM H3biKe” [32 - 57], KOMMyHHKaTHBHaH peneBan HanpaBJieHH0CTb yneÓHoro
n p o u e c c a paccM aT pH B aeT C H He TO^bKO KaK u e jib , HO H K3.K Cpe/ỈCTBO
/ỊO C T H }K eH H H u e jiH Ĩ I o a H H /IH B M A y a JIH 3 a iỉH e H o ố y n e H H H nO H H M aeTCH
“ c o riia c o B a H H e co/ỉepHcaHHH oóyHeHHH, npHeMOB npe3eH T aiỉH H , TpGHHpOBKH H KOHTpOJƯĨ c nCHXOJIOrHHeCKHMH ộaKTOpaM H
Trang 22aộộeKTHBiiQCTH yneÓ H oro n p o u e c c a , HHZỉHBH/iyajĩbiibiMH ocoốennocTOMM vneÓHOH /ieflTejibH0CTH VMamnxcíi” [114 - 31].
M ii/ỉM BH ziya^H 3auH H oốvMeHHH n p e a n c ư ia ra e T cooTBGTCTBMe
c T p a T e rH H oổyMCHHH c o C T p a T e rn e ìí OBiiaAei-MH, a A a n T a n iỊH io K
b o3m o >k h o c t h m y n a in H x c íĩ, npe/iycM aT pH B aeT “ no/ỊTH rH BaH H e” 6 o /ie e
c ,ia ố b ix VHamHXCH Ha ỔOJiee BblCOKHÌÍ ypOBeHb OBJiaziGHHíI H3bIKOM,
npe/ỈO C T aB iieH H e CHJIbHbIM yHaiHHMCH B03M05KH0CTI1 npOABMraTbCH
6 o ;ie e óbicTpbiM H TeMnaMH.
T a K H M 0 Ó p a 3 0 M , HHZIM BH flyaJIH 3aU HH - [<ai< O/ỊHO H3 OCHOBHblX
nojio>KeHHM KOMMyHHKaTMBHO-HHAHBH/Ịy a/IH3HpOBaHHOrO n o / ỉ x o / i a , - riOHATHe LLiHpoKoe, cji0)K H 0e H B yneốHOM n p o u e c c e OHa /ỊOJi;KHa ốbiTb
p e a j i H 3 0 B a H a H a p a 3 H f a ix v p o B H í ĩ x H n o p a 3 H b iM K p H T e p H H M : OHa
/ỊOJDKHa ốbiT b p eajiH 3 0 B a H a rip n 003/ỉaHHH 0npezie;ieH H 0H np o rp aM M b i
ỉXHĩi o n p e ^ e ^ e H H o r o KOHTHHTeHTa ynam H X C H , n p H cocT aB ^eH H H
K ơH K peT H oro yMeốHHKa, n p n npoBG/ieHHH KOHKpeTHoro ypO K a c
y q ẻ T O M M HOTOM HC^eHHblX H CVỐ-beKTHBHblX H O íýbeK TH B H blX ộ a K T O p O B ,
0 HẻM cBHiieTeiibCTByeT cymecTBOBaHHe B npaKTHKe pa3Hbix
VMGỔHHKOB JXJĨ% p a 3 H b i x KOHTHHreHTOB y n a m H X C í ĩ H a n p H M e p y n e Ó H H K
R jin B beT H aM ueB , KM TaỉmeB H T n yMGỐHHKH IXJIĨỈ ơ n p e /ie ^ e H H O H
H aiIH H , B CBOIO O H e p e ^ b , AeJIHTCH Ha yneỐHHKH ỈUĨĨl LUKCƯIbHHKOB,
yHeỐHHKH ZUIfl CTy/ieHTOB H T.A [ 5 3 ]
MHziHBH/iyajiH3auH5ỉ peajm3yeTCH H ZỊeflTejibH0CTbi0 KOHKpeTHoro yMHTGTIH Ha KOHKpeTHOM y p o K e H 3TO caMbiH Ba>KHbiH, caMbiH KOHKpGTHblỉí ypOBeHb HH/lMBIiZiya./IH3aiIHH) HTO OỐTíHCHHeT, n o n eM y BOOpy>KaTb yMHTeJieỒ 3HaHHíĩMH COBpeMeHHOH MeTOAHKH CHHTaeTCíI Hpe3BbIHaỉÍHO Ba>KHOH 3a£aH eH
K O M M y H H K a T M B H O -H H Z IH B H Z ỉya ;iH 3 H p O B a H H b IH nO /ỈXO /Ị c o
c B ơ e ro noH B ^enM íĩ no;ib3yeT C fl n o /Ị/ie p ^ K O H p a / i a MeTOAHCTOB, 3aHHM aiomHXCfl n p e n o /ỉa B a H n eM HKOCTpaHHblX H3bIKOB H CTaHOBHTCA
Trang 23H H O C T p am io ro H3biica
HaCTb - HHZỈHBHiiyaJIH3aUH5I, BblITCƯIHHH MemaOTIOrHHeCKyiO p o /lb ,
H HH/IHBHZiyaJIH3aUHH pemaiOTCH OCHOBHbie, CBH3aHHbie c n p o u e c c o M
o ổ y n e H H H B o n p o c b i, B TOM HHCTĩe H c03/iaH H e yneốH H K a.
r i p n C03/iaHHH VHeỐHHKa OÓVMeHHH HT6HHK) BbemaMCKHX CTV/ieHTOB-ỘHJIOJIOrOB Ha HaHaJIfaHOM 9T ane KOMMVHHKâTHBHO-
o n p e ^ e ie H M H u e iH , coziep>K aH iiH , C T pyK T ypbi yneốH M K a, ãJin ơ T ố o p a ,
o p r a m m u H H , npezicTaBJienHfl M a T e p n a iia, c n o c o ố o B e r o ycBoeHHH H T n.
O aK T O p b l, KOTOpbie /ỊOJI>KHbI ÓblTb ỴHTeHbl n p n C03/ỊaHHH VHeốHHKa ỉ i n n 0ổvHeHi'i5ĩ HTGHHIO CTy/ieH T0B-Ộ H Ji0Ji0r0B, 6 y j x y i
paccM O T peH bi B nepBOH H B T o p o ô n ia B a x n a u ie H paốO T bi, a HX
p e a /IH 3 a U H fl ripH C03ZiaHHH VHeÓHHKa Ố y a e T KOHKpeTHO H3JIO>K6Ha B
TpeTbeỄ rvraBe.
1 2 H ayH H bie OCHOBbl
KOMMyHHKâTHBHO-H KOMMyHHKâTHBHO-H 4 KOMMyHHKâTHBHO-H B KOMMyHHKâTHBHO-H /Ịy a J IKOMMyHHKâTHBHO-H 3 KOMMyHHKâTHBHO-H p 0 B a KOMMyHHKâTHBHO-H KOMMyHHKâTHBHO-H 0 r0 ITO /ỊXO /Ịa
rOCnOACTBO KOMMVHHKaTHBHO-HliaHBH/tyaJIH3HpOBaHHOrO nO/ỊXOAa
KâK B e /Ịy m e ií TeH/ỊCHUHH B COBP6M6HHOH MeTOZỊHK.e n p e n o /ia B a H H íĩ
MHOCTpaHHOrO H3bIKa OỐT^CHaeTCA e r o HayHHblMH OCHOBaMH:
H O BeìíniHM H aaH H blM H CMOKHblX c MeTOAHKOH n p e n o /ỉa B a H H H HayK
(nCHXOJIHHrBHCTHKH H nCHXOJIOrHH H3bIKa, T eopiiH OỐllieHHíI, peneBOH /ỊeHTeJIbHOCTH H KOMMyHHKaiỊHH H z ip ) K aK Be/ỉym H H nOAXO/1 K
KOMMỴHHKaTHBHO-HHZ!HBH^yajiH3HpOBaHHbiH n o z ix o /ỉ 6 a 3 H p y e T c « Ha c jie ;iy io m H x
H aH Ố O Jiee BcDKHbỉX HayMHblX OCHOBaHHHX:
Trang 24COHHaiIbHOH ộ y iIK ự H H H3bIKa
O /IH O H H3 M e T 0 / i 0 J i 0 r H H e c K i i x OCIIOB H a 3 B a H H o r o n o A x o / i a
HBJTiĩGTCH MapKCHCTKan ỘHJIOCOỘHH o COựHaiIbHOM ỘỴHK1IHH 5ĩ3bIKa,
qe/i0BeMecK0r0 oómeHHH” [88 - 258].
ĨO B O pa o pOJIH H3bII<a (h £eflTe:ibHOCTH ) B pa3BHTHM
H e^O B enecT B a, MapKCHCTKaa ộ m io c o Ộ H H ri(W ĩe p K H y jia , MTO H3biK ecT b ecrecT B eH H aíỉ ộ o p M a H cn o c o ố cymecTBOBaHHH 4eji0BeH ecK 0H Mbic;iH;
M a r e p n a i i b H a n e e o ó ơ ^ O H K a, c n o M o m b io KOTOPOỈÍ noHHMaeTCA
Me.lOBeHeCKan MblCilb 5Ĩ3bIK VMaCTBVeT He TOJIbKO B BOCnpHHTHH,
MAeHTHỘHKaiỊHH 3MOU.MH, BO B cex CTOpOHax MblIU/ieHHH H nCH X O Ộ W 3 HO/IOrHH BblCUieH H epBHOH ZieHTeJIbHOCTH K a K r v ia B H o e H
Ba>KHeHiuee Cpe/ICTBO oómeHMH, H 3biK 0ổ-beflHHfleT MJI6H0B oốmecTBa,
ộyH K U H H oốiiỉeHHH H3biKa npe^C T aB ^H eT COÓOH caM oe Ba>KHoe H ocH ơB H oe e r o CBOỈÍCTBO E c ìih ốbi He 6 b iJio H3biKa B K anecTBe cpe/iCTBa
oómeHHH, TO H6Ji0BGHecTB0 He cymecTB0Baji0 6bi KaK oómecTBO
M c x (W ĩ H3 BbiweH3Jio>KeHHoro, aica/ỉeMHK J l B U Ị e p 6 a yK a3biBaeT Ha
n p e n o A a B a H H e H3biKa H ecT b o ó y n eH H e o ó m e iiH io , HeKoeíí
/ieflTejibHOCTH, HB;ifliomeHCfl ộyH K U H eỉí T o ro HJ1H H H oro
H e - a o B e n e c K o r o K O JiJieK T H B 3 [ 1 9 4 ]
1 2 2 H a TeopHH KOMMyHHKaiỉHH
n o M H 6 H H I 0 M H T p O Ộ a H O B O H O / I , KoCTOMapOBa B r , c TOHKH 3pGHHH TeopHH KOMMyHHKaiỉHH, BTia/Ịem ie fl3biKOM n p e /x n o ;ia ra e T
H a ^ iH M H e y c y ố - b e i c r a :
Trang 25a ) H3bIKOBOH (hJTH iIMIirBHCTHHeCKOÌí) KOMnereimHH, Tpa/ỈHHMOIMIO
H C c./ien y e M 0 Ì'i H onM CbiBaeM O H u r u i a n e ^H H rB H cT H H ecK H X OCHOB
o ố y n e H H H ;
ổ ) peqeBOH KOMneTeHUHH, T e cộopM H pO B aH H bix MexaHH3MOB
BO cnpH íĩTH íi H npo/ỉyKLỊHpoBaHHH npaB M ^bH bix n o rpaMMaTHKe HHOÍI3bIHHbIX BbICKa3bIBaHHH;
b) KOMMyHHKaTHBHOỈÍ KOMnCTGHUHH, no/ỉ KOTOpOH nOHHMaeTCA
KâK CnOCOÓHOCTb n0JIb30BaTbCÍI pewbK) ỈUĩn AOCTH>KeHHfl B3clHMO/Ị0HCTBHH H B3aHMonoHHMaHHfl nyTẻM n ep e/iaH H , xpaneH H H H
n p e o ố p a 3 0 B a H H fl COUHaJIbHOH HHỘopMaiỊMH Bepốa^bH biM H
C p e / IC T B a M H
K oM M yH H K aTH BIian KOMneTeHUHH, THKHM 0 Ố p a 3 0 M , BK^IIOHaeT B
CeỐH 5I3bIKOByiO (n /IH JIHHrBMCTHMeCKVlo) H peHeBVK); OHa )Ke
0ốH3aTeJIbH0 BnHTbiBaeT B ceốH H 3H aH Iie KViIbTypbl CTpaiỉbl
H 3yM aeM oro H3biKa, 4TO cocTaBJifleT npeAM eT C T panoB e/ỉM ecK oro H JIHHrB0CTpaH0BeiIH6CK0r0 acn eK T O B 3aHHTHH HHOCTpaHHblM H3bIKOM, H.7IH 'iHHrBOCTpaHOBe^MecKyio w CTpaHOBe/tHecKyio KOMneTeHUHH
COCTHBiIHIOT 3HaHHfl, ỴMeHHH H HaBblKH, HeOÓXO/IHMbie ữ JỈX
noHHMaHHH Hy>KHx H nopo>KzieHHH coốGTBeHHbix n p o rp aM M p e n e B o ro nOBeAeHHH H / I p y n i e 3KCTpâ/IHHrBHCTHM6CKIie ộ aK T O p b i H m c h h o
n 0 3 T 0 M y K O M M yH H K a TH B H a H K O M n eTeH U H H B b ỉC T y n a e T B e a y m e H K KOH6HHOH ự e ;m yHeỔHO-ĨIOSHaBaTeiIbHOH /ieflTejibHOCTM, H, n o CVTH CBOeH, OKa3bIBaeTCH IieH Tpa^bH blM nOHHTHeM B OÓyMeHHH
HHOCTpaHHOMV H3hIKy
Ơ B iia/ieH H e KOMMyHHKaTHBHOH KOMneTeHLỈHeìl, n o MH6HHI0
n p o u e c c peuieH H H Cpe/ỊCTBEMH H 3 y n aeM o ro H3biKa HeBepổaTibH bix
(noB e^eH H ecK M X , KOMMyHHKaTHBHbix), aKTyailbHblX ữ.Jĩĩl yHami-IXCH
Trang 263a£ a n B Tex HJIH HHbix cHTyaiỉHAX yHeÓHO-peneBoro H ecTecTBeHHoro
o ó m eH H H ” [ 1 0 9 - 1 9 ] O B JiaaeH H e H3biKOM ecTb co B ep m eH H e p en eB b ix
a K T O B B C O O TBeTC TBH H c C H T y a iỊH H M H O ổ m e H H H P Ĩ3 a ĩ o r o B b lT e K a e T ,
HTO 3a,n;aH a H u e ;i b o ó y n e H H H H H O cT p aH H O M y H 3 b iK y o rp a H H H H B a e T C H
H e TO JIb K O ộ ơ p M H p O B a H H e M H p a 3 B H T H 6 M y y M a iIỊH X C ÍĨ H 3bIKO BO H H
p e n e B O H KOMnCTGHLIHH, a HTO Ba^CH ee - Ộ O pM H pO B aH H eM H pa3BH TH eM
yMeHHH n0JiHc>iieHH0 oómaTbCH Ha H3ynaeMOM H3biKe CKa3aHH0e
B0JIbniH H CTB0 C0Bp6M6HHbIX KOHlỉeniIHH OBJiafleHHH T6M HJIH
TaK^Ke noHHMaHHH H nopoHCAeHHH peH H
CoBeTCKaa niKOJia ncH X 0Ji0rH H oốtíĩCH H eT np0HCX05K^eHHe H
p a 3 B H T H e n c H X o ;io r H H H ejĩO B eK a pa3B H TH eM n peữ M eT H O H
,ae5ITejIbHOCTH B CBeTe /ỊeHTCiIbHOCTHOH TGOpHH n o ;Ị OỐyneHHeM
H 3 b iK y noH H M aeT C H 0 p ra H H 3 0 B a H H b iH n p o q e c c n p a K T H H e c K o ro
OBJiaAeHHH peHeBOH £eflTeJIbHOCTbK) B HHOH3bIHHOM OổmeHHH.
Trang 27R ĩ i ỹ i n e a a r o r o B 3TO 0 3 H a M a e T , MTO H a H Ó o /ie e a ộ ộ e K T H B H b iH
n y T b Ộ O pM H pO B aH H H yMCHHH O Ổ m aTbC H 3aKJĨK)HaeTCÍĨ B p a 3 p a Ó O T K e H HCnOJIfa30BílHHH COOTBeTCTByiOmHX ỘOpM ZỊeíĩTeJIbHOCTH, a He npOCTO B
Ỵ C B o e H H H 3 H a H H H , H a HếM /ỊO H e / Ịa B H e ro B p eM eH H ộ a K T H H e c K H CTpOHJiaCb BCH CHCTeMa C)6pa30BaHHfl, B TOM HHC/te OÓyneHHe H3bIKaM.
/ ỊjIH T o r o , MTOỔbl p a 3 p a Ổ O T a T b C O O TBeTC TBV ĨO U IH e ộ o p M b l B
O ổ y n e H H H H H O C Tp aH H O M y H 3 b IK y , HGOỔXO/ỊHMO nO HHM RTb
3eflTe;ibH0CTb: eế CTpyKTypy, KOMnơHeHTbi, STanbi H a p
n o ^eHTejibH0CTH0H TeopH H , Bce HaniH nocTyriKH n p H HX
O rpO M H O M p a3 H O O Ố p a3 H H aH T p O n O Lie H T p H M H b l H CTpOHTCH n o 6/ỊHHOH
HCIĩOJIHHT6JIHM I l o MH6HHI0 A H J Ie O H T b e B a : “ KíDKAOe A eìiCTBH e
c o A e p ^ K H T 3 T a n b i H K O M n o u e H T b i: y c ĩa H O B K a ( m o t h b / u , e j i b )
-o p H e H T H p -o B K a B 3 a a a H e H n o c T p o e H H e n p o rp a M M b i /leH C TB H H - peajiH 3aiỉHH nporpaMMbi - K0HTp0Jib H KOppeKUHH p e3y;ibTaTOB” [9 7 -
1 4 3 ] P Ĩ3 C T p y K T y p b i AeHTejibHOCTH H n 0 C J ie fl0 B a T e ;ib H 0 C T H e ẽ KOMnOHeHTOB HCCJie/Ị0BaT6JIH no^MepKHyiiH, HTO yCTaHOBKa (ueJIb H
MOTHBbl) CHHTaeTCH Be/iymHM , /ỊeTepMHHHpyiOIHHM nOBeaeHHe
KOMnOHeHTOM H H K aK aiĩ ;ỊeflTeJIbHOCTb HeB03M05KHa 6 e 3 nOTpeổHOCTH
B H e ố , Ốe3 MOTHBOB H ự e /ie ổ
O n p e £ e 7 ie H H b ie ữ e H T e ilb H O C T H p aC H Jie H H IO TC fl H a A e Ỗ C T B H ÍI H 3TH
/ỊeHCTBHH, B CBOIO o n e p e /Ị b , n o H H H can cb B p a H r e , npeB p am aiO T C H B
o n e p a i i H H , c H d e M y o n e p a u H H
/ỊeổcTBHe onpe,AejraeTCíi B ncHX0^[0raHecK0H jiHTepaType KaK e^HHHUa /ỊeflTeJIbHOCTH n p H 3TOM riOAHepKHBaeTCH, HTO OHO
n p e ,a c T a B J if le T iie ;ie H a n p a B J ie H H b iH n p o u e c c , MOTHB K O T o p o ro , - n n r n e T
A H J Ie o H T b e B , - He c o B n a £ a e T c e r o npe^MeTOM H Jie)KHT B TOH /ỊeHTeilbHOCTH, B KOTOpyiO OHO BKiIIOHeHO /ĩp y rH M H CJIOBaMH, MOTHB /ỊeHTejibH0CTH oÓTieAHHHeT AeồCTBHíĩ B cHCTeMy, oóecneH H B aiom yK ) B
Trang 28coBOKyriHOCTH p eajiM 3 au H io /j,c5ĩTe/ibiiocTH I I o a o ó h o TOMV, [<ai< nOHHTHe MOTHBa COOTHOCHTCÍĨ c nOHHTMeM AeíITe/IbHOCTM, riOHHTHe
u e iH COOTHOCHTCH c noHHTHeM zieHCTBHfl ripe/IMeTOM /Ke /ỊeÌÍCTBHÍĨ
B b ic T y n a e T 0C03HaBaeM aH H enocpe/iCTBeHHaH u e ^ b P ĨH ane ro B o p a ,
H anpaB Ji«eT C H n a o n p e /ie /ie H H y io u e ;ib yHM TbiBan yciioBMH, B
K 0 T 0 p b ix 3Ta ue.flb /ỊOCTHraeTCH, AeổCTBHe BbíCTynaeT I<ai< peiỉieH H e,
B C T aiom ee n e p e A HHAHBH/iyyMOM 3a/ỉaH H
ocym ecT B JieH H 5i AeiícTBHH.
OtHOW6HH5I Me>KZỉy /ỊeHTe^bHOCTblO, AeỉíCTBHHMH, onepauH H M H
/IHHaMHHHbl, OHH MOryT MeHATbCíI TaK, eCJIH ỴTpa^HBaeTCH MOTHB, noốy/iH B niH Ìí /ieíĩTeiibHOCTb, TO o n a npeBpam aeTCH B /ieHCTBHe, H
neíĩC T B H e M0>KeT iỉpoÓHTbCH c BbIfleJieHKeM HOBbix o n e p a ự H H , e c - ra
yTpaHHBaeTCA u e ;ib Mo>KeT HMGTb M6CTO H o ó p a T H o e n p e B p a m e H H e -
y K p v r m e H H e e/ỊH H H IỈ /Ị0H T0JIbH OCTH
nOABVDKHOCTH rpaH H IỈ MOKAy HHMH npHBO/ỊHT K c-ne/ỉyiom H M ueHHbiM MeTO/ỈHHeCKHM BbIBOflaM npH OỐyneHHH HHOCTpaHHOMy H3bIKy:
- H eo ố x o A H M O BbizỊe;iHTb B peneB O H /ie íỉT e,ribHOCTH c ^ a r a i o m n e
e e /xeHCTBHH H o n ep au H M
- M cxo/ỊH H3 nO£BH>KHOCTH rpaH H IÍ MeíK/iy KOMnOHeHTaMH /Ị6HT6JibHOCTH, n p e n o /ia B a T e ib , n0CJieA 0BaTe;ibH 0 n e p e M e m a n Lỉejin
B bl/ie^eH H blX /ỊeHCTBHỔ B OÓ/iaCTb yCTIOBHH HX BbinOJIHGHMÍĩ, MO>KeT
v n p a B JiflT b n p o u e c c o M n peB pam eH H H iieHCTBHH B o n e p a iíH H
- /íeHCTBHe, KaK e/ỊHHHiia ;iio 6 o h HeiiOBenecKOH AeHTe/ibHocTH, CnOCOÓHO CTaTb e/ỊH H H U eỒ /ỊeHTGJIbHOCTH VHeHHH
- P e n e B b i e /teỔCTBHH HB7IHĨOTCH OCHOBHblMH COCTaBJIH 10 m H M H
peneB O H AeHTe^bHOCTH, cneựHỘHHecKOH e e e/m H H ựeH P e n eB b ie
Trang 29/ieìÌCTBHA HMeiOT KOMMyHHKaTHBHOe COAep>ICaHHe, KOMMyHHKclTHBHy 10
Ộ O pM V H c n o c o ố n b l CTaTb e a H H H lie ỉí OỐVHeHHÍI MIIOCTpaHHOMy 5T3bỉI<y
- O cB oeH H e p e n e B o ro /ICHCTBHÍĨ, n o MHeHHio ncc;ie£OBaTejieH
P L A 3 H M H e H [ 6 1 j , A H i l e o H T b e B a [ 9 7 ] , A A J I e o H T b e B a [ 9 1 ] ,
npe/inojiaraeT 0ốfl3aTejibH0e npoxo>K/ieHHe pH/ỉa Ộa3 H MX CTporyio
n0C Jie;i0B aT e;ibH 0C T b: opneH TH pO BK a, ruiaH H poBaH M e, H cnoiiH eH H e H
(TaiO K e KclK H ,'IIOỐOÌi /ỊGÍITeiIbHOCTH) flBJIÍĩeTCfl e ẻ riOỐy/ỊHTe/IbHO-
MOTMBaựMOHHaA CTOpOHa, T e nOTpeỐHOCTM, MOTHBbi H LtejiH 3 t h
ộ a K T o p b i 0npe>ie-7H i0TC5ĩ KaK c a M a ii n e p B a n C T yneH b /!6íiT6JibH0CTH H B
OỐUieM, H pVCCKOrO H3bII<a KaK MHOCTpaHHOrO, 13 naCTHOCTM, HX
3HaneHHe ocoổeHHơ no^HepKHBaeTCH.
1 2 4 H a ne/iaro rH H ecK H ựeHHOM yTBep>K,aeHHH 0 PO./IH
y H a m e ro c s r KâK cyốTieK Ta y n e ổ H o r o n p o u e c c a
n e a a ro rH H e c K H ựeH H oe yTBep>KZỉeHHe o p o ^ H y n a m e r o c íi KaK
c y ố iíe K T a ( a He TO^bKÒ oó-beK Ta) y n e ố H o r o n p o u e c c a o6"bíiCHHeTCH
c;ieziy io u ỉH M H cooốpa^K eH H H M H :
- MeTOZIOJIOrHMeCKHMH nOJIO)K6HHHMH B IIOHHMaHHH HeiIOBeKa, a
npe>K iie B c e ro aKTHBHoro x a p a K T e p a e r o aeíiTe./ibHOCTH, B TOM HHCJie
yn eố H O H /ieHTe^bHOCTM
- K o H u e rm n e H 0 TOM, MTO n p H OỐyneHHH HHOCTpaHHOMy H3bIKV
p e n b , KOTOPOỈÍ OBJiazieBaeT VHamnMC5i, /io/DKHa cTaTb KOMriOHCHTOM
CTpyK Typbl e r o JIHHHOCTH H HTO n p o u e c c 0BJia,aeHH5ĩ qy>KOỈÍ,
HH0H3bIHH0H peM bio He M0)K6T ỐblTb o cy m ecT B iieH 6 e3 npeB pam eH H H
e r o H3 n p o ự e c c a (Ị)opM ajiijH oro oóyHeHHH B n p o ự e c c /iHHHOCTHbiH, n p n
n p o u e c c a , 4T0 npHBO/iHT K n e p e x o z iy ự e m p a y n e ố H o r o n p o u e c c a c
Trang 30HHZiHBHZiyvMOM B TaKOM n o c T p o e i i H H 0 ổ f l 3 a T e ;ie w y n e T cM bic-na,
MOTHBa, 3MOUHH, T.e Bcero Toro, ố e3 Mero HeMbic/iMMa HeiioBeHecKaA
p e M b
- rio/io)KeHM eM o TOM, HTO OỐyHeHHe HHOCTpaHHOMy A3bIKy ÍIB.1HGTCÍĨ “ ỘOpMHpOBaHHeM VMeiIHH, npOựeCCOM HHTepHOpH3au:HH H
3K C TpepH O pH 3aU H H HHOCTpaHHOrO H 3bIK a, aộộeK T H B H O C T b KOTOpOm
3SBHCHT OT aKTMBHOCTH peMeBblX /leHCTBHH CaMHM yHaiiỊHMCH” [ 1 0 9 -
1 0 - 1 8 ]
C y M M H p V H B Cẻ B f a i i n e H 3 7 r o > K e H H o e , MCDKHO C I < a 3 a T b , HTO
HCXO/ỈHblM MOMCHTOM MeTO/lHHeCKMX H /UmâKTHHÊCKHX nOCTpơeHHH
ĨỈBRĨỈ\01CỸ\ Lie^H H MOTHBbl OÓyHeHIIH, HHTepeCbl H nOTpeÓHOCTH
O Ó y n a e M b lX , H X /IMMHOCTHblG C B O H C T B a , H 3 b IK O B b ie , n C H X O iIO rH H e C K H e
HHAMBHZiyaJIH3HpOBaHHbIH nOAXOA K OÓVHeHHIO HHOCTpaHHOMy H3bIKV
TIHMHOCTH y H ailỊH X C H O h , O r iH p a iI C b H a 33.KOHbl /ỊH aJieK T H K O “
MâTepHíUIHCTHHCCKOH MeTOflOJIOniH, KOMMyHHKaTHBHỴỈO npH pO A y
H 3 b I K a , y H H T b lB a a H H flH B H Z ỉy aJIb H b ie OCOỐGHHOCTH O B /ta/ỉeH M H H3bIKOM
KaK Cpe/ICTBOM OỐmeHHH H nOCTH3KeHHH HHOH3bIHHOH KVJIbTypbI,
n p e z u i a r a e T co o T B eT C T B y io m y io T e x H 0 J i0 i'M 0 yneH H H
1 3 Ơ C H O B H b i e n c ư i o a c e H H H K O M M y H H K a T H B H O -
H H /ỊH B H a ya JIH 3 H p O B a H H O rO n c ự ỊX 0 fla
KOMMỴHHKaTHBHO-HHflHBH/ỉyaJIH3HpOBaHHbrH riOZỈXOA, ĨIHTaHCb
HAC.HMH CMe)KHbIX c HHM HayK, ỘOpMyJIHpyeT CBOH COỐCTBeHHbie
noJio>KeHHfl O h h npe£CTaBJifliOT COÓOH KanecTBeHHo HHbie
3 a K 0 H 0 M e p H 0 C T H , o n p e ^ e ^ í i e M b i e c n e iỊ H Ộ H K O H n p e / Ị M e T a
H H O C T p a H H o r o H 3 b iK a 3 t h n o jio > K e H H íi - o p y / Ị H e p e m e H H H K J ii0 H e B b ix
BOnpOCOB npenOAaBaHHH HHOCTpaHHOrO H3biKa OcHOBHbiMH H3 HHX
MO>KHO G H H TaTb c i i e i i y i o i u H e :
Trang 31- KoMM yHHKaTHBHaa KOMneTeimHH KaK KOHeMHaíĩ u e ;ib oóyMCiiHH.
- PeHeuoe /leiícTBHe icaic e/iMHHua oốyMeiỉMỹỉ H 0i3,ia/ieHHfl.
- cDyi-iKUHOiiaiibHbiH n o A x cm K 0 T ổ 0 p y H no/ỉaM e y n e Ó H o ro
N taT ep H ajia.
- CnTyaTHBHO-TeMaTM HecKoe n p e /ic T a B ^ eH H e y n e ổ H o r o M a T e p n a iia
- y n ẽ T CTpaH0Be/ỊHGCK0r0 acn eK T a, VHCT p o A H o ro H3biKa.
- K o H u e H T p H H e c K a íi 0 p r a H H 3 a i ỉ H í ĩ v H e ố H o r o M a T e p n a i i a H n 0 3 T a r iH 0 e
oốyM eH H e.
- M H A M B H A y a j i H 3 a i ỉ M H o ố y H e H H H
KOMMVHHKaTHBHO-HH/IHBHAyaJIH3HpOBaHHOrO rĩOAXO/ia n p H C03£aHHM V4eÓHIIKa OÓyMGHMÍĨ HTeHHIO BbeTHaMCKHX CTy/ieHTOB-ỘH^OiIOrOB
ố ỵ ^ y T H3Ji0)KCHbi B T p eT b eii n ia B e H au ieií p a ố o T b i.
2 Ơ C H O B H b ie B o n p o c b i Ỵ M e ố H H K a p y c c K o r o H 3 b iK a KaK HHOCTpaHHOrO
CoBpeMeHHaa TeopHíĩ yneÓHHKa HHOCTpaHHoro H3biKa
p a c c M a T p H B a e T yneÓ HH K ( h j i h y n e ổ H b iH KOMIUI6KC), n o MHeHHio
o n p e A e j i e H H b i H H C T O pH H ecK H H n ep H O Z ( H a T p ế x y p 0 B H f l x :
t ) H a ypoB H e M a K p o n o /ix o /ỉa , K o r^ a yneổHHK AOJi)KeH 0Tpa>KaTb
COCTOHHHe TeOpHH H npaK TH K H OỐyneHHH, OTpa>KaTb COBpeM eHHblữ
ypO B eH b pa3BHTHH HayKH H, B flOJI)KHOH M epe, OỐOỐmaTb npaKTHKV.
Trang 32saK O H O M epH ocT H p e a i i b H o r o n e x ia ro rv iM e c K o ro n p o u e c c a , y M e ổ iíy io
ACHTeTibHOCTb o ó y n a e M o r o H o ố y M a io m e ro , GJiy>KHT TiiaBHbíM
Cpe/ICTBOM y n p a B Jie H H H 3TOH A eíĩT e^b H O C T b ra, a c / I p y r o ỉ í c T o p ơ H b i,
p e a n b H b i e ycjiOBHH S T o ro n p o u e c c a : 0C0 6eHH0CTH /leíĩTeiibHOCTH yHHTCJTH, e r o y p o B e H b n p o ộ e c c n o H a /T b n o H no/iroT O B K H , ocoốeH H ocT H /leHTe/ibHOCTH ynaiiiH X C ír, cneiỉH Ộ M K H p a 3 H b ix S T anoB o ố y n e H H íi H T n
3 t o 3HaMHT “ yneốH H K He ^0JiJK eH n p e ^ c T a B ^ H T b COỐOH 3aM K H yTyio
3 a c T b iB iu y io c x e M y ; OH /i0Ji>KeH co/iep>K aTb B c e ố e AOCTaTOHHO
v H H T b iB aio m y io B03M0>KH0e HaiiHMHe p a 3 H b ix ypOBHeH o ốyneH H ocT H
V H am H xcH H A p y rH e KOHKpeTHbie ycjioB H H o ố y n e H H H ” [ 1 5 - 1 2 ]
TaKHM 0 ố p a 3ơM, yneốHHK HHOCTpaHHoro H3bii<a - npo/ỉyK T HayKH,
OTpa>KaiOlUHH OCHOBHbie nOTIO^KGHHH o n p e/ỉe ^ e H H Q H M6TO/ỊHH6CKOÍÍ
K O H L ie im H H , 3 aK O H O M epH O C T H p e a i i b H o r o n e / i a r o r M H e c K o r o n p o u e c c a ,
y n e ố H y io /ỉeHTeiibHOCTb o ố y n a e M o r o H o ố y n a i o m e r o ỈĨM eH H o n 0 3 T 0 M y ,
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT pa3BHTHH HayKH B HCTOpHH Ổbi;iH C03AaHbI p a 3 H b ie THĨIbl VHeỔHHKOB HHOCTpaHHOrO H3bIKa, H a n p H M e p , H3bIKOBbie,
p en eB b ie, KOMMyHHKaTHBHbie yMeốHHKH.
B HacTOHmee BpeMA, KaK ó b i/ro ỴKa3aH0 B biiue, KOMMVHHKaTHBHO- HH/i:M BH4yajiii3Hp0BaHHbiH n o / i x o / ỉ HBJineTCH B e/iy m eH TeHAeHUHeH B
C O B peM eH H O H M eTOAHKe n p e n o / Ị a B a H H H H H O C TpaH H O rO H 3 b IK a H C:iy>KHT MeTOAHHeCKHM aapO M TeopH H yneỐHHKa HHOCTpaHHOrO H3bIKa.
B COOTBeTCTBHH c H3.3B3.HHbIM nO/ỊXOAOM peiiiaiOTCH B ơ n p o c b l yneÓ H H K a p y c c K o r o H3biKa KaK H H ơ cT p aH H o ro
npoÓJTeMe yneốHHKa pyccKoro 5ĩ3biKa K3.K HHơcTpaHHoro
n o c B H in e H b i H c c ;ie (a;oBaHHfl H 3B ecT H bix M6TO/ỊHCTOB H n p e n o /ia B a T e jie H
( H Ì I B h m , H / I 3 y e B , M H B h t i o h c b , B r.K ocT O M apO B , O / I
M ỉĩT p o ộ a H O B a , A p ApyTiQHOB H ứ p )
Trang 33B 3 T H X H C C iie /lO B a ilM H X 13 KL1MCCTI3C n a M ố o /ie e a K T y a / ib H b ix
-a ) -leKCHHeCKHH, ỘOHeTHHeCKMÌÍ, rp-aMM-aTHHeCKHÍÍ H KOMMyHHK-aTHBHblíí
MHHHMVM H - ố ) ^eổcTBH H n o n e p e p a ố o T K e 3 T o ro M aT epH ajia, n o
nopo> K £eH H io H pacn 0 3 H aB aH H I0 BbICKa3bIBaHHH 3 t m /ỊeỔCTBHH c
M a T e p n a iIO M /ỊO iD K H b l n p e B p a T H T b C H B H H O H 3bIH H bie 3 H a H H H , H a B b lK H H
yM eH H a, KOTơpbie BbiCTynaioT KaK KOHGHHbie ueJiH oốyMeHHH PĨ3 iiB y x
3 T I1 X a c n e K T Q B (M a T e p n a iib H b iH M n p o u e c c y a i i b H b i ỉ í ) C0Zỉep> KaH H fl
VHeốHHKa HH0CTpaHH0r0 H3biKa n p o u e c c y a ^ b H b iH acneK T HMeeT
p e u i a io i u e e 3 H a *ỉe H H e , HTO o n p e / Ịe ;ra e T C H c n e ự H Ộ H K o ỉí c a M o ro
npe^IM eT a " HHOCTpâHHOrO H3bII<a” : OỐyMHTb He TOJIbKO 3HaHHHM, HO H,
4 T 0 B iD K H e e , O Ố yH H Tb A e H C T B H H M y n e Ó H H K H H O C Tp aH H O rO H 3 b lK a ,
T â K H M 0 ố p a 3 0 M , “ He n p o c T Q x p a H H / iH in e C J I0 B , T e K C T O B , n p a B H J i, a
Trang 34pa3BeTBJieHHeưỉ rp a /ty H p o B a m ia ỹ i n p o rp a M M a /ỈCHCTBHH VMHTGJIÍI H
y M a iiíH x c H , ic o T o p a íĩ p e a jiH 3 y e T C íi c n o M o m b ỉo yripa>K H ci[H H
Ciie/iO iB aTe/ibH O , c o /ie p > K a n n e vMeốHHKa B bicT ynaeT 13 ộ o p M e
v n p a x u i e H H H ” [ 1 5 - 1 5 ]
/ỊGHCTBHeM VlỈHTeJIH H VHamHXCH B n p o u e c c e OÓVHeHHA HHOCTpaHHOMV
H 3biK y 3 T a HTopaA ộyHKLỊHH yneốH H K a pea;iM3yeTC5i B c^e/iyiom M X
HeTbipeX (ị)yỉIKE[H5IX: HHỘOpMaTHBHOH, MOTHBHpVIOmeH, nparMaTKHeCKOH
H KOHpOiIHpVIOmeÌÍ.
- M iiộopM aTHBHaA ộyiIKUIIH VMeỐHHKa 3aKJIIOHaeTCfl B TOM, 4To6bl
/Ịa T b VMaiHHMCH 3HaHMfl B OÓiiaCTH B/ia/ỊeHMH HHOCTpaHHblM ÍI3bIKOM H
sK C T p a ^ n n n u ic T H M e c K O H H H Ộ o p M a u n e íi, n p n o ó p e T e H H O Ỉí B vneÓHOM
n p o n e c c e
- M cm iim pyiom aíĩ ộyHKLUiíỉ VHeốHMKa HanpaBTieHa Ha TO, MTQốbi
n o B03M0>KH0CTH KOMneHCHpOBaTb OTCVTCTBIie H3bIKOBOH c p e ^ b l,
“ cnOCOỐCTBOBaTb C03/iaHHI0 BHVTpeHHeH H BHeiiIHeH MOTHBaựHH,
n o s i i a B a T e ib H o r o H H T e p e c a , B 0 3 £ eiícT B 0 B aT b Ha Bce c ộ e p b i ncHXMKH
yMaiUHXCH - co 3 H aT e/ib H y io H 6 ecco 3 H aT ejib H y io (h v b c t b o, 3MOUHH)”
[15 - 13].
- nparMaTHHecKaa ộyHKUHH yneốHHKa npoflB/ifleTC5i B TOM,
3HaHHH, HaBblKOB H yMeHHÌÍ, T e OCymeCTBJIÍITb KOMMVHHKaTHBHVIO
/ i e H T e i l b H O C T b P Ĩ M e H H O r i 0 3 T 0 M y O H a M O > K e T Ố b l T b H a 3 B a n a T a i O K e
KOMMy HM KaTM BHOỈÍ.
- K o H T p o ^ H p v i o m a H ỘVHKUM H y n e Ó H H K a n p e , a n o j i a r a e T G 0 3 flaH H e
CaMOKOHTpO/Ifl, KOppGKLỊHH H CaMOKOppeKUHH (n a n p H M e p , nyTếM
b k jiio m c h h íĩ B yneốH H K OTBeTOB, KJTi0HeH, 3arm ceH 0Ó pa3U 0B 0r0
HTeHIIH H0CHTeJI3 H3bIKa H T n )
Trang 35Ố b lT b C O C T a B iie H lỉ CO O TBeTCTBH H c O IIp e/ie^ e H H b lM M T p e Ố O Iỉa iỉH H M H H
H M GTb C O O T B e T C T B V IO m y iO C T p Ỵ K T y p V H C O /ỉep> K aH H e
2 2 CoAep^KaHHe y ^eố H H K a
C o z ie p > K a H H e y n e ố H H K a K O M M yH H K aTH B H H O H H a n p a i3 Jie H H 0 C T H
I ia n e ie H O Ha Ộ O p M H p O B a H H e K O M M V IIH K aT H B H O H KO M n eTeH U H M ,
KOTơpaíT BblpaỐaTblBaeTCA HVTếM B3aHMO/ieHCTBHH Tpếx OCHOBHblX,
C O C T a B iIH IO liỉH X : H3bIKOBOM (B K J IIO H a fl p e H e B y i o ) , n p e/lM e T H O H H
n p a r M a T H H e c K O H K O M n e T e H U H H B C BH 3H c 3THM n o z i co aep > K aH H eM
V H e Ó H H K a H H O C Tp aH H O rO H 3 b IK a n O H IIM a e T C H “ fl3b IK O B O M , peM eBO ÌÍ
M a T e p n a iĩ H B b íp a > K a eM o e c e r o riO M o m b io n p e /ỉM e T H o e ( B H 6 íi3 b iK 0 B 0 e )
c o / ie p > K a H H e H ^ eH C TBH H c 3THM M a T e p n a ji0 M B u e ;i 5 i x o c y m e c T B J ie H H íỉKOMMyHHKâLỊHH” [1 5 - 1 5 ].
H a ũCHCBe 3 T o ro M eT 0/iiiH ecK 0r0 nojio>KeHHíĩ onpe^e.iH ioT C H TpH
K O M M Ỵ H M K a T H B H b lX 3 a ^ a 4 , a i< T y a ;ib H b ie ZUIfl B b l/ỉe ^ e H H b LX TH IIO B
c H T v a iu iH ” Ị 109 - 4 8 Ị CpeAH 3 T H X cocTaBJiHioiJUHX HccjieAOBaTejin
H rveH Hcmr 3 o H /ip ) ocoóeHHO ĩiOflHẽpKHBajiH cymecTBeHHoe
3 H a n e H M e c ộ e p o ó m e H H H B o n p e a e jie H M H n p e / ỊM e T H o ro KOM iTOHeHTa
KOMMVHHKaTHBHOrO CCXaep^KaHHH OỐVHeHHH HHOCTpaHHOMy H3bIKV ( h
TeM CaM blM n p e /ỊM e T H O ro K OM nO HeHTa KOMMỴHHKaTHBHOrO
C O flep> KaH H SI y n e Ố H H K a ) , 0 C 0 3 H a B , HTO 3 K C T p a JIH H rB H C T H H e C K H ÌÌ
K O M n O H e H T COZiep>KaHHH O Ố VH eiIH H H H O CTpaH H O M V H 3 b IK V H CB03M 0>KH 0
B b lH B H T b H O nM CaTb 6 e 3 y n ẻ T a c ộ e p KO M M yH H KclTH BH O H A e H T e lb H O C T H
Trang 36C ộ e p a OÓmeHM A ~ “ 3TO HCTOpMMeCKH C JIO > K H B IIiaflC fl O Ó /iaCTb OÓm eiIHA, OaHOpOAHaa n o OỐLUHM XapaiCTepHCTHKaM (.MOTMBaM,
u e/iH M , co/iep>K aH H io H ộ o p M a N i) ocym ecT B JieH H fl peHei30H .a e a T e iib H O C T M e ế c y ố b e K T a M H ” [ 6 9 - 9 7 ]
C ộ e p b i o ố m eH H íi p a 3 H 0 ố p a 3 H b i Ka>K,aafl c ộ e p a oổm eH H H HMeeT CB5T3b CO c ộ e p o i i ốbiTH íĩ, c ộ e p o i í /ỊeíiTejibH 0CTH , xapaK T epH 3yeT C íĩ
p e H M Y 4M T bIB aH COOTHOIiieHMe CO LlH a^bHblX pOTieH CyỐTiCKTOB
p e n e B O H iỊe H T e iib H O C T H , H r v e H ^ ỈO H r 3 o Ị 1 2 2 ] r p y n n n p y e T B c e
c ộ e p b i o ố m eH H íĩ B 4 M a K p o c ộ e p b i: ốbĩTOBaA, coiỉH a/ibH O - ốbiTOBaíĩ,
n p o ộ e c c p io n a y ib H a íí H yneốH aM Ka>K/Ịaíi H3 3TIIX M a K p o c ộ e p xap aK T ep H 3 y eT C fl CBOHM vpOBiieM c03HaHHH, cTH.ieM p e n e B o ro OỐmeHHH, OCIIOBHblMH BH/iaMỊI, ỘOpMaMM peneB O rO B3a.HMO/lGHCTBI'líĩ, OTHOIU6HMÍĨMH M exc/iy yHaCTHHKaMII OỐmeHHH H COCTOHT H3
H ecico/ibK H X c ộ e p npenJio> K eH H aíĩ Hccjie/ỊOBaTejieM CHCTeMaTH3auHH OCHOBHblX c ộ e p OỐmeHHH /laẻT B03M0>KH0CTb AHỘỘepeHIỊHpOBaHHO npej[C TaB H Tb nepeneH b c ộ e p oổm eH H H K ơH K peTH oro yneÓHHKa B 3âB HCHMOCTH OT KOHICpeTHblX yneỐ H blX yCJIOBHH.
«
O n p e z ie n e H H e H B b ió o p npe/ỊM eT H O Ỉí H H Ộ opM auM H yneÓ H H K a B
COOTB6TCTBHH c n03HaBaTe;ibHbIM H H KOMMVHHKaTMBHblMH U6-1HMH
v H a m iix c H 0cymecTBJiHi0TCH nocpe/iCTBOM orpaHMMeHHH ccị)ep
K O M M yH H K aU H H , a B H yT pH Ka>K^OH c ộ e p b i - n o c p e /ic T B O M
orpaHMHeHMH T0M H CMTyaựHH, B KOTOpbix ốy/ieT npOTeKaTb peneB a^
,aeHTejibH0CTb y H a m n x c H
H a 0CH0Be oToốpaHHbix c ộ e p , TeM, cHTyauHH OTốHpaeTCH
TeKCTOBOH M aTepHaJI, KOTOpblH aKKyMV^IHpyeT H H Ộ opM auH io o /Ịa H H b ix npeziM eTH bix 0ốJiacTH X P a c n 0 J ia ra H 3TOH HHỘopM aiíHeH H
0 Ó /ia/ia5 ĩ H3biKOBOH KOMneTeHiỉHeií, o ố y n a e M b ie cM oryT J ie n ỉe
p a c n 0 3 H a T b BbICKa3bIBaHH5ĩ.
Trang 37O n p e ^ e ^ H B n p e ^ M e T H b iií K O M noH eH T, a B T o p y n eÓ H H K a
o ố e c n e H H B a e T e r o T 6 K C T 0 T 6 K 0 H , K O T o p a n cjiy > K H T n 0 K a 3 0 M p e in e H H íi 3a& aH KOMMyHHKaTHBHOrO MHHHMVMa H OCHOBOÌ4 ỉưĩỹl C03/ĩaHHH
jiH H rB H C TH H 6CK oro (fl3biKC>Boro H p e n e B o r o ) MHHHMVMa
2 2 2 5Ĩ3biKOBOH K ơM noH eH T c o /ỉe p a c a H H H yneÓ H H K a
B Í I 3 b I K 0 B 0 H MHHHMVM y n e Ó H H K a KO M M yH H K aTH B H H O H
( ộ o H e T H H e c K o r o , jieK C H H 6C K oro, c ji0 B 0 0 ố p a 3 0 B a T e jib H 0 r 0 ,
Mơp<ị>ojiorHHecKoro H cHHTaKCHHecKoro), HO He HCHepnbiBaiomHe
c jiy > K H T T e K C T O T e K a n p H O TÓ o p e H 3 b iK 0 B 0 r 0 M a T e p H a ^ a M eTO AH CTbi
n c H x c u io r H H e c K o r o H /U ĩA aK T H H ecK o ro Iĩe p B b iH n p e / i n o j i a r a e T OTỔOP
O C O Ó eH H O C TeỔ VHaiIIHXCH H T pV A H O C T eH , K O T O p b i e VHaiIIHMCH
npHHa/yie>KHOCTH B T o p o ỉí n p e a n o i i a r a e T £OCTaTOHHOCTb y cB o e H H o ro
ữJM OBJiaAeHHfl pyccKOH peM bio B 3a£aH H 0H M e p e p eajiH 3aiiH H 3anJiaH H pO BaH H bIX KOMMyHHKaTHBHHbix 3 a ^ a n oổy^eH H H n o 3TOMy
np H H U H n y nO^ÓHpaiOTCH Te e/ỊHHHIỈbl, KOTOpbie KOMMVHHKaTHBHO
o c y m e c T B J ie H H e o n p e /Ị e iie H H b ix p e n e B b ix aeHCTBHH H a /ỊQHHOM y p o K e ,
Ha AaHHOM STane o ó y n e H H H H n 0 3 B 0 j i f l ! 0 T ộ o p M H p o B a T b cHCTeMy.
TaKHM 0 Ó p a 3 0 M , CHCTeMa H3faIKa KOMMyHHKaTHBHbix yneỔ H H K O B
Trang 38lieOỐXCmHMblMH H HOCTaTOMIỈblMH /Ỉ.JT5T lìb in o ^n em -iH O llp e x ie ic m ib ix KOMMyHHKaTHBHbix 3 a /ia n B Hy>KHbix AJĨH yMamHXCH c ộ e p a x
O ốm eiIM H C h ia pe3K O OTJIHHaeTCfl OT CHCTeMbl H 3blK a COCTaB^eHHblX
H a O CHOBe JIM H rBH C TH M eC KM X n p H H U H n O B y n e Ố H H K O B
n O C /ie A O B a T e lb H O C T b lO nOAaM H 3blK O I3bIX e /IH H H U
2 2 3 /Ịe H T e JIb H O C T H b IH K O M ĨIO H 0H T CO /ĩep>KaHHH y n e Ố H H K a
E c ; i h n p e /ỊM eT H o e co /ỉep > K aH H e yneÓ H H K a H H O C TpaH H oro 5ỉ3biK a
B b lp a m a e T C H TC K C TO B blM M a T e p H a JIO M , TO /Ịe H C T B H ÍĨ c 3THM
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