Effect of the best dose of N, P and K fertilizers for better growth and yield of cauliflower (Brasica oleracea Var. botrytiss L.)

The area lies under the upper Gangetic plains region of Uttar Pradesh at an elevation of 126 m. above mean sea level. The investigation revealed that is very responsive to the different treatment combination that is T1 control, T2 NPK (30+20+10 kg/ha.), T3 NPK (50+40+30 kg/ha.) T4 NPK (75+50+40 kg/ha.), T5 NPK (100+60+50 kg/ha)...

Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.810.251

Effect of the Best Dose of N, P and K Fertilizers for Better Growth and

Yield of Cauliflower (Brasica oleracea Var botrytiss L.)

Gangesh Pandey, K K Mishra*, Aneeta Yadav and Abhishek Tiwari

Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Allied Industries,

Rama University, Kanpur (U.P.), India

*Corresponding author

A B S T R A C T

Introduction

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea Var Botrytis

L.) is one of the important members of the

group ‘Cole crop’ vegetables It is belonging

to Cruciferae family The origin place of

cauliflower is Mediterranean region It is also

one of the most important popular and widely

cultivated all over India and abroad for its

nutrative value, high productivity and wider

adaptability under different ecological

condition In India Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Bihar, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Odisha and Karnataka is produce large quantities of cauliflower

It is also commonly grown in northern Himalayas and in Nilgiri hills in south In its vegetative growth period, it may stand temperature as low as -10°C and as high as 40°C for a few days Morphologically, the

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences

ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 10 (2019)

Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

The area lies under the upper Gangetic plains region of Uttar Pradesh at an elevation of 126 m above mean sea level The investigation revealed that is very responsive to the different treatment combination that is T1 control, T2 NPK (30+20+10 kg/ha.), T3 NPK (50+40+30 kg/ha.) T4 NPK (75+50+40 kg/ha.), T5 NPK (100+60+50 kg/ha.) and T6 NPK (120+80+60 kg/ha.) All the treatment improve the vegetative growth and yield quality of cauliflower but T6 {NPK (120+80+60) kg/ha.} gave the best results in terms of increasing size of curd, weight of curd, diameter of stem, plant height and yield followed by T5 {NPK (100+60+50) kg/ha.}, T4 {NPK (75+50+40) kg/ha.} and minimum recorded in control Hence treatment T6 { NPK(120+80+60) kg/ha.} for curd size, economic point of view and higher yield can be recommend for commercial cultivation of cauliflower production

K e y w o r d s

Cauliflower,

Snowball, Fertilizer,

Growth and Yield

Accepted:

15 September 2019

Available Online:

10 October 2019

Article Info

curd of cauliflower is made up of numerous

divided hypertropic branches, which terminate

the main stem of the plant It is good source of

vitamin-A, vitamin-C, riboflavin, thiamin,

nicotinic acid, calcium, phosphorus,

potassium, moisture, carbohydrates, protein,

fat, fiber and iron (Fageria et al., 2012)

Cauliflower is a deep rooted crop

It remove a large amount of nitrogen,

phosphorus and potash from the soil,

wherever, it is grown and if this large amount

is not supplied through the application of

fertilizers, the soil on which this crop is grown

is bound to deteriorate gradually and would

produce very poor yields

Intensive cultivation of vegetables needs

additional supply of plant nutrients for

increased production of vegetables as well as

their seeds Among the inorganic fertilizers,

nitrogen encourages the development of

leaves and shoots and imports a deep green

colour to stem

It is a constituent of both chlorophyll and

protoplasm and is vitally essential to energy

formation within the plant and development of

its cellular contents

Phosphorus (P) is one of the most essential

plant nutrients that influence the growth and

productivity of cauliflower

Potassium is also equally important as

structural components of all constituent and

metabolically active compounds

They hasten the maturity of crops, promote

shoot developments, improve the productivity,

quality of crop and increase the resistance

against the disease It also regulates water

conduction within the plant cell and water loss

from the plant by maintaining the balance

between anabolism, respiration and

transpiration

Materials and Methods

The present investigation entitled," Effect of

N, P and K fertilizers on the growth and yield

of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea Var botrytis

L.) cv Snowball" was carried out under the agro-climatic and soil conditions of Kanpur (U.P.) region during the rabi season, 2018- 19 The techniques and material used are described in the following heads:

Experimental Site

The experiment was laid out in the

experimental area of Horticulture Section,

Rama University Mandhana Kanpur (U.P.) The field was having good topography with adequate irrigation facilities

Layout of experiment

The experiment was conducted in randomized block design (R.B.D.) with 6 treatments replicated fourth in 24 plots

Detail of the experiment (Table 1)

Experiment Design

RBD (Randomized Block

Design) Number of treatment 6 Number of replication 4 Total number of plot 24

Distance, Row x Row Plant x Plant

50cm 40cm Net plot size 2.4m x 2.0m Replication border 0.5m

Irrigation channel 1.0m

Detail of treatment

There were six applications of mixture of N, P and K fertilizer in experiment as following

T1 Control (No NPK)

T2 (30+20+10) kg/ha

T3 (50+40+30) kg/ha

T4 (75+50+40) kg/ha

T5 (100+60+50) kg/ha

T6 (120+80+60) kg/ha

Observations recorded

Observation on growth characters which

ultimately influenced the yield i.e height of

plants at harvesting stage, diameter of stem,

and number of leaves per plants were recorded

at regular intervals of 20 days commencing

from 20 days after transplanting

Observations regarding the curd character like

size of curd, weight of curd per plant, yield

per hectare were recorded at the time of

harvesting

Results and Discussion

The result obtained during the course of

present experiment "Effect of mixture of N, P

and K fertilizers on the growth and yield of

cauliflower (Brassica oleracea Var botrytis

L.) cv Snowball" has been presented under

suitable heads Observations were recorded

during the growth phase at interval of 20 days

commencing from 20 days after transplanting,

while, the last observation was recorded at 60

days after planting and on yield attributing

characters per plant at the time of picking of

cauliflower curd Measurement of the height

of plant was started 20 days after transplanting

with an interval of 20 days The height of the

plant as affected by different treatments is

given in Table 2 At all the growth stages,

maximum plant height was recorded under the

mixture application of T6 (120+80+60) kg/ha

N,P,K, followed by T5 (100+60+50) kg/ha

N,P,K and minimum height was recorded

under T2 (30+20+10) kg/ha NPK fallowed by

T1 (No N,P,K) (Fig 1) The maximum stem

diameter was produced under the mixtures of NPK fertilizers T6 (120+80+60) kg/ha NPK at all the stages, followed by T5 (100+60+50) kg/ha N, P and K (Fig 2) While the minimum stem diameter was recorded under the mixtures of NPK fertilizers T2 (30+20+10) kg/ha NPK fallowed by T1 control (No NPK)

It is evident from the Table 3 The number of leaves was recorded at 20 days interval commencing from 20 days after planting and the data of all the subsequent growth stages are presented in Figure 3 Maximum and significantly higher number of leaves/plant was observed under mixtures of NPK fertilizers T6 (120+800+60) kg/ha NPK, followed by T5 (100+60+50) kg/ha NPK at all the growth stages (Table 4)

While, minimum No of leaf per plant were observed under T2 (30+20+10) kg/ha NPK fallowed by T1 (No NPK) The average size of cauliflower curd was recorded at the time of picking shown in Figure 4 The mixture of NPK fertilizers application T6 (120+80+60) kg/ha NPK gave maximum size of cauliflower curd in comparison to the other mixture of fertilizers It was followed by mixture of fertilizers T5 (100+60+50) kg/ha NPK While, minimum size of curd were observed in T3 (50+40+30) kg/ha NPK fallowed by T2 (30+20+10) kg/ha NPK Treatment T6 (120+80+60) kg/ha NPK produced cauliflower curds of maximum length (21 cm) followed by mixture of NPK fertilizer application T5 (100+60+50) kg/ha NPK produced cauliflower curd Maximum length (19.85 cm) found T2 (30+20+10) kg/ha NPK and minimum length

of cauliflower curd (11.70 cm) in T1 control Maximum width of cauliflower curds (17.30 cm) found in T6 (120+80+60) kg/ha NPK followed by T5 (100+60+50) kg/ha NPK while minimum width of cauliflower curd T1 (Control No NPK)

Table.1 Details of operations performed in the experiments

1 First ploughing by cultivator 23-11-2018

2 Second ploughing by rotavator 24-11-2018

4 Transplanting of seedling 25-11-2018

18 Remaining dose of Urea 16-01-2019

Table.2 Effect of different dose of N, P and K fertilizers on plant height (cm)

Table.3 Effect of different dose of NPK fertilizer on diameter of stem (cm)

Table.4 Effect of N, P and K fertilizer at number of leaf per plant

Table.5 Effect of mixture of different dose of NPK fertilizer on size of curd (cm)

C.D at

5 %

Table.6 Effect of different dose of NPK fertilizer on weight of curd (g)

Table.7 Effect of different dose of NPK fertilizer on yield of cauliflower/ha

Fig.1 Effect of different dose of N, P and K fertilizers on plant height (cm)

Fig.2 Effect of N, P and K fertilizer on diameter of stem/plant (cm)

Fig.3 Effect of N, P and K fertilizer at number of leaf per plant

Fig.4 Effect of N, P and K fertilizer on size of curd

Fig.5 Effect of different dose of NPK fertilizer on weight of curd (g)

Fig.6 Effect of different dose of NPK fertilizer on yield of cauliflower/ha

The yield/plot under different treatments were

recorded at the time of subsequent picking and

converted into yield q/ha and presented in

Table 7

The average weight of curd produced by

different treatments is presented in Table 6

and shown graphically in Figure 5 The

mixture of NPK fertilizers T6 (120+80+60)

kg/ha NPK contributed more weight of curd

(529.68 g) followed by T5 (100+60+50) kg/ha

NPK giving 415.04 g curd weight/plant

Minimum weight was recorded with T1 (No

NPK)

The data presented in table 7 indicate that mixture of NPK fertilizers T6 (120+80+60) kg/h NPK gave significantly higher yield (206.57 q/ha), followed by mixture of fertilizers T5 (100+60+50) kg/ha NPK observed (168.12 q/ha) and minimum in found

T1 (Control) (99.75 q/ha) These views are

also reported by many scientists like Everaarts

and DE Willigen (1999), Ahmed et al.,

(2003) Randhawa and Bhail (1976) and

Cutecliffe and Munro (1976) Rajput and

Singh (1975) reported the best results in

response to 80 kg/ha as a basal dose followed

by top dressing

Findings of the scientists Tripathi (2012),

Kodithuwakku and Kirthisinghe (2009),

Pawar and Barkule (2017) also support the

present result

References

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How to cite this article:

Gangesh Pandey, K K Mishra, Aneeta Yadav and Abhishek Tiwari 2019 Effect of the Best

Dose of N, P and K Fertilizers for Better Growth and Yield of Cauliflower (Brasica oleracea Var botrytiss L.) Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci 8(10): 2153-2163

doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.810.251