Nghiên cứu khu hệ chim ở khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên pù luông, tỉnh thanh hóa và đề xuất các giải pháp quản lý, bảo tồn tt tiếng anh

HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION ------HOANG NGOC HUNG STUDY ON THE BIRD FAUNA AND PROPOSALS MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION SOLUTIONS IN PU LUONG NATURE RESERVE, THANH HOA PROVINCE

HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

- -HOANG NGOC HUNG

STUDY ON THE BIRD FAUNA AND PROPOSALS MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION SOLUTIONS IN PU LUONG NATURE

RESERVE, THANH HOA PROVINCE

Specialized: Zoology Code: 9.42.01.03

SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS IN BIOLOGY

HANOI - 2020

Hanoi National University of Education

Advisors: 1 Ass Prof Dr NGUYEN LAN HUNG SON

2 Dr NGUYEN CU

Reviewer 1: Ass Prof Dr Nguyen Xuan Huan

(VNU University of Sciences)

Reviewer 2: Ass Prof Dr Nguyen Quang Truong

(Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources)

Reviewer 3: Ass Prof Dr Nguyen Thien Tao

(Vietnam national museum of nature)

The thesis will be reviewed by the council of thesis evaluation at theDepartment psychology – education, Hanoi National University of

1 Research rationales

Pu Luong Nature Reserve is located in the northwest of ThanhHoa province, in the territory of Quan Hoa and Ba Thuoc Districtwith a section planning area of 17,171.53 ha Pu Luong NatureReserve is the first point of forest ecosystems on Pu Luong limestonemountain - Cuc Phuong - Ngoc Son This natural forest ecosystemhas high biodiversity values, with many endemic plant and animalspecies Pu Luong Nature Reserve, located in the North Centralregion is in 221 endemic bird regions of the world It is also one of 4endemic bird areas (EBA) of Vietnam Landscape of the Pu LuongNature Reserve forms part of the region's endemic bird area CentralVietnam lowland However, Pu Luong Nature Reserve still lacks ofsystematic and comprehensive research about bird fauna, which isreliable scientific basis for planning, management, conservation andsustainable development of prices Treating bird resources here For the

above reasons, we propose to implement the project: "Study on the

bird fauna and proposals management and conservation solutions in

Pu Luong Nature Reserve, Thanh Hoa province”.

2 Research aims

Determining the species diversity, composition and distribution

of the bird fauna; analyzing relationship in ecology of the bird fauna in

Pu Luong Nature Reserve Besides, evaluating the current status andpropose solutions for sustainable management, conservation anddevelopment of bird resources in the study area

3 Research content

- Study on bird species diversity in Pu Luong Nature Reserve

- Study on distribution of bird fauna in Pu Luong Nature Reserve;especially determine distribution of rare and precious bird species

- Study on the bird fauna status and factors which areaffecting bird fauna in Pu Luong Nature Reserve Therefore,propose sustainable management and conservation solutions forbird fauna in the reserve

4 New points of the thesis

- For the first time, the thesis has studied more fully andcomprehensively on bird composition in Pu Luong Nature Reservewith 252 species, 58 families and 15 orders; added 74 additional newrecorded species for bird list in Pu Luong Nature Reserve and 30 newrecorded species for bird list in the North Central region compared to

the "Vietnam bird list" by Vo Quy and Nguyen Cu (1999).

- The thesis has analyzed the ecological relationship of birdcommunities in 5 major habitats in the nature reserve, including:evergreen forest; secondary forest, secondary grass and shrubs,plantation forest and upland fields, fields and villages; analyzed therelationship of the bird community according to the forest canopyand observing the change of bird species in the Pu Luong NatureReserve throughout season

- Based on research results, the thesis has proposed to build 4eco-tourism routes, especially bird-watching in Pu Luong NatureReserve; identify priority areas of high value conservation birds formonitoring programs; provide information on the status of conservationvalue birds in Pu Luong Nature Reserve

CHAPTER 1

LITERATURE REVIEW

1.1 History of bird research in North Central and Study Area

- Previous research on bird fauna in North Central Vietnam

According to Vo Quy and Nguyen Cu (1995), the NorthCentral region includes Thanh Hoa, Nghe An and Ha Tinhprovinces Associated with historical landmarks of Vietnam,history of bird research in the North Central region can besummarized as three main stages: before 1945, from 1945 to 1954,from 1957 until now

Before 1945, most of studies on birds in Vietnam and Indochinawere carried out by foreign scientists such as Linneus (1758), Gmelin(1788), Oustalet (1899-1903) Especially, from 1924 to 1938,Delacour and his colleagues organized 07 rounds of bird collection onIndochina territory, including the North Central region

From 1945 to 1954, due to the war, all bird research activities

in Vietnam were interrupted and only started again in 1957

Since 1957, after North Vietnam gained independence, domesticscientists have began to focus on biodiversity, including birds.Typical Vietnamese scientists in this period include: Vo Quy,Nguyen Cu, Tran Gia Huan, Le Dien Duc, Do Ngoc Quang, TruongVan La, Le Dinh Thuy In general, the bird research projects in theregion North Central in this period has just stopped at building a list

of species in the National Parks, Nature Reserve, despite going into

the studies on biology, ecology of avifauna as well as analyzing thefeatures about the area in the study area.

- Pu Luong Nature Reserve: In 1997, Le Trong Trai

identified the Pu Luong bird fauna with 169 bird species belonging

to 41 families and 13 orders In 2013, the project investigated andlisted the flora and fauna of Pu Luong Nature Reserve, which hadrecorded the presence of 908 animal species, including 117 birdspecies At the same time, 93 species of birds of conservation valuewere identified In addition to the survey of bird species, there are anumber of surveys and studies for conservation activities such as:investigating the situation of illegal hunting of wild animals andcollection of non-timber forest products Hoang Lien Son (2003)belongs to the landscape conservation project of Pu Luong - CucPhuong limestone mountains; Integrated management andconservation project - Community-based natural resourcemanagement strategy in Pu Luong Nature Reserve of theInternational Wildlife Conservation Organization

1.2 Overview of the natural conditions of the study area

- Geographical location: Pu Luong Nature Reserve has

geographical coordinates 20021’- 20034’ Northern latitude, 105002’

-105020’ east longitude, located in the northwest of Thanh Hoaprovince, in the territory of two districts of Quan Hoa and Ba Thuoc

- Topography and geomorphology: Pu Luong Nature Reserve,

which is composed of 2 mountain ranges running parallel in theNorthwest-Southeast direction, is separated from each other by a

large valley The small mountain range in the southwest is made upmainly of eruptive magma and metamorphic rocks The largemountain range is located in the northeast in Co Lung and Lung Caocommunes formed from limestone.

- Flora: Pu Luong Nature Reserve has 1,109 species, 477

genera and 152 families of vascular plants; Vegetation cover includesprimary forest, secondary forest, tropical shrub grassland (distributed

at elevations below 700 m), subtropical (distributed at elevationsabove 700 m) Currently, the pristine area in Pu Luong Nature Reserve

is strongly reduced to only about 5% of the forest area

- Animal system: In 2013, the project "Investigation, listing of

fauna and forest flora in Pu Luong Nature Reserve, Thanh Hoaprovince" identified 908 animal species, of which: 67 species, 21families and 6 orders; insects have 347 species, 80 families and 17orders; amphibians have 26 species, 7 families; reptiles have 40species, 14 families, 2 sets; The bird has 117 species, 43 families and

13 orders; animals have 79 species, 24 families and 9 orders

1.3 Overview of socio-economic conditions in the study area

- Population, labor, employment and income: In the Pu

Luong Nature Reserve boundary, there are 387 households livingwith 1,800 people in Co Lung and Lung Cao communes, Ba Thuocdistrict The inhabitants are mainly Thai and Muong ethnic people;the buffer zone has 4,850 households with 22,500 inhabitants living

in 7 communes of 2 districts Quan Hoa and Ba Thuoc; The laborforce accounts for about 40% of the total population Income of

people is mainly from agriculture (previously relying on forest) Theaverage income per capita is VND 2,500,000/person/year.

CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Time and study location

- Study location: Pu Luong Nature Reserve, Thanh Hoaprovince with geographical coordinates: 20021” - 20034” Northlatitude and 105002” - 105020” East longitude Location of research

locations is shown in Figure 2.1

Figure 2.1: Diagram of bird research sites in Pu Luong

- Study time: The project was implemented in 4 years (fromOctober 2014 to October 2018) with 14 field surveys in 152 days in

8 research areas Each study area has 2 locations for translucent netsand bird observation

2.2 Research Methods

- Observation of wild birds: 16 research locations have shown in

Figure 2.1 Birds are observed with binoculars, field scope tubes Inaddition, use of telephoto-mounted cameras, Nikon Coolpix P900superzoom cameras for remote bird photography

- Catching - dropping mist-nets: Mist nets used to study are

4-handed, 6 and 12 m long, 2.6 m high, 15 x 15 mm mesh (netproduced by Italy Each research site often uses 10-12 nets)

- Interview local people: To get more information for the field

survey process, we also interviewed people who are managers ofprotected areas, forest rangers, commune management and peopleused to hunt

- Identification of bird species: During the field survey as well

as interviews with local people, the books with photos or colordrawings illustrated to quickly identify birds in Pu Luong NR; Toassess the threat level of birds in the study area, a number ofdocuments have been used: IUCN Red List (2018), Vietnam RedBook (2007), Decree No 160/2013/ND-CP, Decree No 06/2019,Circular No 04/2017/TT-BNNPTNT (Ministry of Agriculture andRural Development)

- Classification system: List of bird species in the Nature

Reserve, we sort by the classification system of Richard Howard and

Alick Moore, used in the Book of the Bird's List "The Checklist of

the Birds of the Word", the 4th edition and refer to the World Bird

Catalog, Clement 6th edition

- In addition, several methods are used: determining relativerichness (Mackinnon List); assessing threats to the bird fauna of PuLuong Nature Reserve (reference and inheritance of documents,rapid rural assessment with the participation of people );Determining priority areas for monitoring and conservation ofavifauna in Pu Luong Nature Reserve (by using a set of votes,criteria for marking the study areas); Analysis and data processingwith Microsoft Excel, Past Statistics (Hammer et al., 2001); UsingSorensen-Dice index is used to compare the composition of birds in

Pu Luong Nature Reserve with neighboring Nature Reserves

CHAPTER 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Bird species diversity in Pu Luong Nature Reserve

3.1.1 Birds composition

During all field surveys and selective inheritance of previousbird research results in Pu Luong Nature Reserve, 252 species ofbirds belonging to 58 families and 15 orders were recorded Inwhich, 145 species were captured photos and obtained samples byMist-nets mist nets; 43 species were recorded by direct observation(by binoculars) or listening to songs during the fieldwork, 36 specieswere inherited from previous studies and 28 species were recorded

by specimens stored at the management board of Pu Luong NatureReserve like some relics, species kept in local houses

3.1.2 Classification structure of avifauna

The classification structure of avifauna in Pu Luong NatureReserve is shown in Table 3.2

Table 3.2 Genus and species in each family of birds in Pu Luong Nature Reserve

Flycatcher with 13 genera, accounting for 8.72% However, there are

30 families with only 1 genus, accounting for 0.67% The rest have 2

- 9 genera

- Species diversity: They are the largest family of 58 familiesrecorded in Pu Luong Nature Reserve with 33 species, accountingfor 13.10% Next is the Flycatcher family with 24 species,accounting for 9.52%; There are 17 families with only 1 bird species,accounting for 0.4% The remaining families have 2 - 14 species

3.1.3 New recorded species for Pu Luong Nature Reserve and North Central Region

The research results have added to the Pu Luong NatureReserve 74 new recorded species compared to the previous study by

Le Trong Trai, Do Tuoc (1997) and the project "Investigation andlisting of forest fauna and flora in Pu Luong Nature Reserve” (2013).Besides, 30 species of bird were new recorded in the North Centralregion according to the document "List of Vietnamese birds" by VoQuy and Nguyen Cu (1999)

3.1.4 Birds are important for conservation

Pu Luong Nature Reserve has 44 bird species of conservationvalue, including: 10 species were listed in IUCN/2019 World RedList, 06 species were listed in Vietnam Red Book (2007), 31 specieswere listed in Circular 04/2017/TT-BNNPTNT (Ministry ofAgriculture and Rural Development), 35 species were listed inDecree 06/2019, 01 species were listed in Decree No 160/2013 ofthe Prime Minister

3.1.5 Status of some bird species has conservation significance

The survey also identified the current status of 14 species of

conservation value in Pu Luong Nature Reserve: Lophura

nycthemera, Anastomus oscitans, Spilornis cheela, Aquila clanga, Aquila heliaca, Psittacula himalayana, Rhyticeros undulatus, Picus rabieri, Sitta solangaiae, Tyto alba, ALcedo hercules, Gracula religiosa, Chloropsis cochinchinensis, Aegithina viridissima.

3.1.6 Diversity and abundance of avifauna

Field bird surveys have recorded 205 bird species, located in 77Mackinnon lists, each with 8 bird species From the lists Mackinnon hasdrawn a graph of bird detection curves in Pu Luong Nature Reserve.Species accumulation curve increases slowly and tends to movesideways at the end of the chart Thus, if further investigation isconducted, the possibility of adding more species components in PuLuong Nature Reserve is not much The diversity of avifauna in PuLuong Nature Reserve according to Mackinnon is shown in Figure 3.4