day132 treatment procedures of the ears and hearing

The Outer Ear* Otoplasty [phẫu thuật tạo hình tai] OH-toh-plas-tee is the surgical repair, restoration, or alteration of the pinna [loa tai] of the ear ot/o means ear, and -plasty means

The Outer Ear

* Otoplasty [phẫu thuật tạo hình tai]

(OH-toh-plas-tee) is the surgical repair, restoration, or alteration of the pinna [loa tai] of the ear (ot/o means ear, and

-plasty means surgical repair) This is sometimes done

as a cosmetic surgery [phẫu thuật thẩm mỹ] called ear

pinning to bring the ears closer to the head

The Middle Ear

* Ear tubes [ống thông tai] , formally known as

tympanostomy tubes, are tiny ventilating tubes placed

through the eardrum [màng nhĩ] to provide ongoing drainage [dẫn lưu] for fluids and to relieve pressure [áp lực] that can build up after childhood ear infections [nhiễm trùng tai] (Figure 11.16)

* A mastoidectomy [phẫu thuật cắt xương chũm]

(mas-toy-DECK-toh-mee) is the surgical removal of

mastoid cells [xoang chũm] (mastoid means mastoid process [mỏm chũm], and -ectomy means surgical

removal) This procedure is used to treat mastoiditis

antibiotics [thuốc kháng sinh] or in preparation for the placement of a cochlear implant [ốc tai điện tử]

* A myringotomy [phẫu thuật mở màng nhĩ]

(mir-in-GOT-oh-mee) is a small surgical incision in the eardrum [màng nhĩ] to relieve pressure from excess pus [mủ] or fluid [dịch], or to create an opening for the placement

of ear tubes [ống thông tai] (myring means eardrum,

and -otomy means surgical incision)

* A stapedectomy [phẫu thuật cắt bỏ xương bàn đạp]

(stay-peh-DECK-toh-mee) is the surgical removal of the top portion of the stapes bone [xương bàn đạp] and

tạo] known as a piston that conducts sound vibrations

to the inner ear (staped means stapes, and -ectomy means surgical removal)

* Tympanoplasty [phẫu thuật tạo hình màng nhĩ]

(tim-pah-noh-PLAS-tee) is the surgical correction of a

damaged middle ear [tai giữa bị tổn thương], either to cure chronic inflammation [viêm mạn] or to restore

function [chức năng] (tympan/o means eardrum, and

-plasty means a surgical repair)

The Inner Ear

* A labyrinthectomy [phẫu thuật cắt bỏ mê đạo tai]

(lab-ih-rin-THECK-toh-mee) is the surgical removal of all or a portion of the labyrinth [mê đạo] (labyrinth

means labyrinth, and -ectomy means surgical removal) This procedure [thủ thuật] is performed to relieve

uncontrolled vertigo [chóng mặt không kiểm soát

được]; however, it causes complete hearing loss [mất thính lực hoàn toàn] in the affected ear

* Vestibular rehabilitation therapy [liệu pháp phục hồi

variety of balance disorders [rối loạn cân bằng], the

majority of which are caused by problems in the inner ear [tai trong] and vestibular nerve [dây thần kinh tiền đình]

Treatments for Hearing Loss

* An assistive listening device [thiết bị hỗ trợ nghe]

(ALD) transmits [truyền], processes [xử lý], or amplifies [khuếch đại] sound, and can be used with or without a hearing aid [máy trợ thính] An ALD can be helpful in eliminating distracting background noise The

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that

many public places provide assisted listening devices

* A cochlear implant [ốc tai điện tử] (KOCK-lee-ar) is

an electronic device that bypasses the damaged

portions of the ear and directly stimulates the auditory nerve [dây thần kinh thính giác] (Figure 11.17) The

external speech processor [bộ xử lý tiếng nói bên

ngoài] captures sounds and converts them into digital signals [tín hiệu số hóa] Electrodes [các điện cực] that are implanted [cấy] into the cochlea [ốc tai] receive the

[dây thần kinh thính giác] The brain [não] receives

these signals and perceives [nhận cảm] them as sound; however, it may take several months to adjust to the difference in speech when it is received in this manner

* Fenestration (fen-es-TRAY-shun) is a surgical

procedure [thủ thuật] in which a new opening is

created in the labyrinth [mê đạo] to restore lost

hearing (fenestr/a means window, and -tion means process)

Hearing Aids

Hearing aids [máy trợ thính] are electronic devices

that are worn to correct a hearing loss Sometimes a sensorineural hearing loss [mất thính lực thần kinh

cảm giác] can be corrected with a hearing aid

* An analog hearing aid [máy trợ thính kĩ thuật

tương tự] is an external electronic device that uses a

microphone to detect and amplify [khuếch đại] sounds

* A digital hearing aid [máy trợ thính kĩ thuật số] uses

a computer chip to convert the incoming sound [âm thanh] into a code [mã] that can be filtered [lọc] before being amplified This is designed to best compensate [bù lại] for a specific type of hearing loss