• into: dùng chỉ sự chuyển động từ ngoài vào trong.. • out of: dùng chỉ sự chuyển động từ trong ra ngoài.. Eg: for two months, for the last few years,… • during: dùng để chỉ hành động xả
Trang 1Eg: Mozart was born in Salzburg in 1756.
II CÁC LOẠI GIỚI TỪ
➢ Giời từ chỉ thời gian: at, on, in, before, after, during, by, until/till, since, for,
afterwards,…
➢ Giời từ chỉ nơi chốn: at, in, on, over, above, below, beneath, under,…
➢ Giời từ chỉ sự chuyển dịch: to, into, from, across, through, along, round, around,…
➢ Giới từ chỉ thể cách: with, without, …
➢ Giới từ chỉ mục đích: to, for…
➢ Giới từ chỉ lý do: at, for, on …
1 Giới từ chỉ thời gian
• at: vào lúc (thường đi với giờ):
Eg: at dawn, at mid night, at 6 o’clock, at the age of 16…
• on: thường đi với ngày:
Eg: on Monday, on June 1st, on Monday morning
• before:
Before + V.ing
Before + mốc thời gian
Eg: The meal must be done before 7:00 p.m
I must finish my work before I go home
• from to/till/until:
Eg: My mother works from morning till night
• since + mốc thời gian:
Eg: I have learnt English since I was a four-year-old child
I have lived here since 1998
• during + danh từ/cụm danh từ (“During” không đi với mệnh đề):
Eg: during the Middle Ages, during the summer …
• for + khoảng thời gian:
Trang 2Eg: Last night, I slept for 3 hours.
• till/until + Mốc thời gian/Mệnh đề:
Eg: I will wait here until 11:30
• after/afterwards + Mốc thời gian/Mệnh đề:
Eg: I called him and then/afterwards I came to visit him
Eg: I’m from Hanoi
• on, above, over:
Eg: The cat is on the table
They built a new room above the garage
I put a rug over the sleeping child
• under, below, beneath:
Eg: Most of the iceberg is under the water
The standard of his work is well below the average of his class
As a musician, he is far beneath his brother
III PHÂN BIỆT MỘT SỐ GIỚI TỪ DỄ NHẦM LẪN
1 at, in , on:
• at: dùng trước thời gian ngắn: giờ, phút,giây
Eg: at 6 o’clock, at mid night, at this moment,…
• in: dùng trước thời gian dài: tháng, mùa,năm,
Eg: in June, in 2016, in Spring…
• on: dùng trước thời gian chỉ: ngày, thứ ngày (trong lịch)Eg: On Saturday, on this day,…
❖ Phân biệt “On time, in time”:
on time: đúng giờ
Eg: The 11.45 train left on time
in time: kịp lúc
Trang 3Eg: Will you be home in time for dinner?
❖ In/At the end:
• In the end, … = Finally:
Eg: He got more and more angry In the end he just walked out of the room
• At the end/beginning of + sth:
Eg: I’m going away at the end of January
❖ arrive in/at:
• arrive at: khi nơi chốn nhỏ như sân bay, nhà ga…
Eg: They arrived at the airport at 10.00
• arrive in: khi nơi chốn lớn như quận, tỉnh, thành phố, nước…
Eg: They arrived in Ha Noi at night
2 in, into, out of:
• in: dùng chỉ vị trí (địa điểm - không chuyển hướng)
Eg: in the room, in the office,
• into: dùng chỉ sự chuyển động từ ngoài vào trong
Eg: I go into the room
• out of: dùng chỉ sự chuyển động từ trong ra ngoài
Eg: I go out of the room
3 for, during, since:
• for: dùng để đo khoảng thời gian
Eg: for two months, for the last few years,…
• during: dùng để chỉ hành động xảy ra trong suốt thời gian của sự vật, sự kiện.Eg: during the vacation, during the film,…
• since: dùng để đánh dấu thời gian
Eg: since last Monday, since I was a child,
4 on, above, up:
• on: dùng chỉ vị trí đứng liền ngay ở trên, chỉ sự tiếp xúc bề mặt
Eg: on the floor, on the table,…
• above: nghĩa là trên nhưng chỉ sự cao hơn so với vật khác
Eg: The plane is flying above our heads
• over: mang nghĩa là trùm lên
Eg: We put a rug over us
Trang 45 under, below, beneath:
• under: khi vật trực tiếp ở bên dưới, nhất là có dính liền hoặc bị phủ lên
Eg: Under the table were some wine bottles
• below: dùng trong câu mang nghĩa thấp hơn trong đo đạc về nhiệt độ, chiều cao,… có thang
điểm hay cấp bậc
Eg: This year, the rainfall was slightly below average
• beneath: dùng nó trong các loại văn có tính trang trọng
Eg: Coral reefs that lie beneath the waters were a beautiful sight
6 between, among:
• between: giữa 2 vật
Eg: I sit between Lan and Huong
• among: dùng khi không xác định được có bao nhiêu vật
Eg: He was happy to be among his friends again
IV GIỚI TỪ CHỈ SỰ CHUYỂN ĐỘNG
1 To: đến một nơi nào đó
Eg: I will move to New York next week
When are you coming back to Ho Chi Minh city?
2 from: từ (xuất phát từ một địa điểm nào đó)
Eg: Where do you come from?
3 away from: chỉ sự di chuyển hướng ra xa
Eg: When you hear the alarm, run away from the building
4 across: qua, ngang qua, băng qua
Eg: He went across the street to buy a box of cigarette
5 along: dọc theo
Eg: I walked along the street
The flowers grow along the side of the wall
6 through: xuyên qua.
Eg: The sun is shining through the window
He walked through a wood
7 into: vào trong.
Eg: I silently walked into the room
Trang 5Please throw waste paper into the dustbin.
8 onto: lên trên (bề mặt…).
Eg: The cat jumped onto the table
Please move these vases onto the kitchen table
9 up: lên trên (vị trí cao hơn).
Eg: up hill and down dale
They hiked up the mountain every morning
10 down: xuống dưới.
Eg: He fell down right on the stage
11 out of: ra ngoài, ra khỏi.
Eg: I can’t get this ring out of my finger
Fish can survive for only a short time out of water
The bird flew out of the cage
12 past: quá, qua.
Eg: He is past fifty
He ran past the house
13 off: tách khỏi.
Eg: The cover has come off the book
She fell off the ladder
14 toward(s): về phía (chưa tới nơi đến).
Eg: He was running towards us
They drove towards the German frontier
❖ Phân biệt across, over & through.
• Across: di chuyển từ bên này sang bên kia của một vật mà có các phía như thành phố,
sông,
đường,…
Eg: We took a boat across the river
• Through: được dùng để chỉ sự chuyển động trong không gian 3 chiều, hoặc di chuyển từ
chỗ này đến chỗ khác trong một môi trường nào đó được bao quanh: the forest, long glass,
…
Eg: I love walking through the forest
• Over: bao trùm lên
Trang 6V GIỚI TỪ CHỈ MỤC ĐÍCH
1 for + V-ing/Noun:
Eg: We stopped for a rest
We use chalk for writing on a blackboard
2 to = in order to = so as to + V inf:
Eg: We use chalk to write on a blackboard
I went out to/in order to/so as to post a letter
VI GIỚI TỪ CHỈ NGUYÊN NHÂN
1 for = because of = owing to + N/V.ing:
Eg: Aileen is proud of her family for their support
Thank you for inviting me to your party
2 through: vì
Eg: He didn’t pass the exam through his ignorance
It was through you that we were able to meet again
VII GIỚI TỪ CHỈ THỂ CÁCH
1 by: bằng cách.
Eg: The thief got in by breaking a window
The streets are lighted by electricity
He made the cake by hand
2 in: bằng.
Eg: This book is written in English
There is a statue in marble
3 with: với.
Eg: They welcome us with smiles
If loving you with all my heart is crime, then I'm guilty
4 without: không có.
Eg: You can’t leave the country without a passport
He said that he couldn’t live without her
VIII MỘT SỐ GIỚI TỪ KHÁC
1 about:
• Khoảng chừng
Eg: It is about 3 km
Trang 7• Về
Eg: What do you think about that?
2 Against:
• Chống lại, trái với
Eg: struggle against,
Eg: Don’t talk like that!
He rides a white horse like mine
5 except: ngoại trừ
Eg: Everyone except me got an invitation
The restaurent opens every day except Monday
Trang 8IX VỊ TRÍ CỦA GIỚI TỪ
1 Đứng ngay trước danh từ hay Đại từ.
Eg: He usually visits me on Sundays
I bought a cake for him
I gave a book to him
2 Sau động từ: Có thể liền sau động từ, có thể bị 1 từ khác chen giữa động từ và giới từ.
Eg: I live in Hanoi
I write a letter for him
3 Đứng sau tobe:
Eg: Jeam is at home right now
The picture is on the wall
4 Đứng sau tính từ:
Eg: I’m interested in reading
I’m not worried about living in a foreign country
5 Trong những trường hợp dưới đây (dùng đại từ quan hệ), giới từ có thể đặt trước đại
từ hoặc đặt ở cuối câu:
Eg: Whom are you talking to? = To whom are you talking?
The man whom you are talking to is my father
= The man to whom you are talking is my father
Lưu ý: Vị trí của giới từ trong câu có thể làm thay đổi nghĩa của câu đó
Eg: 1 A letter was read from his friend in the class room
A letter from his friend was read in the class room
2 With his gun towards the forest he started in the morning
With his gun, he started towards the forest in the morning
X TÍNH TỪ ĐI VỚI GIỚI TỪ
1 Adj + to
• acceptable to: có thể chấp nhận.
Eg: Is this opposal acceptable to you?
• accustomed to: quen.
Hay dùng: get accustomed to
Eg: I soon got accumtomed to his stange ways
• agreeable to: có thể đồng ý, thích hợp với.
Trang 9Eg: He said the terms were not agreeable to him.
• applicable to: có thể ứng dụng.
Eg: “It is not safe to infer that the results of experiments on animals will be applicable tohuman beings,” I said
• appropriate to: thích hợp.
Eg: It's necessary for the homicide to incur a punishment appropriate to his cruelties
• addicted to st: say mê cái gì, nghiện.
Eg: Children are often addicted to fairy stories
• bad to st: có hại cho, không tốt cho.
Eg: Staying up late is bad to us
• contrary to: trái với.
Eg: Contrary to his expectations, he found the atmosphere exciting
• clear to: rõ ràng.
Eg: You could see clear to the bottom of the lagoon
• close to: gần.
Eg: He spent close to 30 years in jail
• dedicated/devoted to: hiến dâng, tận tụy.
Eg: I am dedicated to making this world a better place
She is devoted to her job
• engaged to: đính hôn.
Eg: She was engaged to a lecturer
• equal to: đủ sức, đủ khả năng.
Eg: I just don't feel equal to the challenge that I'm facing now
• essential to/for: cần thiết.
Eg: Food is essential to/for life
• harmful to: có hại.
Eg: Smoking is harmful to health
• faithful to = loyal to: trung thành.
Eg: He remained faithful to the ideals of the party
These brave soldiers are always loyal to their ideal
• grateful/thankful to sb for st: biết ơn ai.
Eg: I'm grateful/thankful to you for all your help
Trang 10• important to sb: quan trọng đối với ai.
Eg: It's important to me that you should be there
• indifferent to: thờ ơ, lãnh đạm.
Eg: The government cannot afford to be indifferent to public opinion
• kind to sb: tử tế với ai.
Eg: He was very kind to me when the children were ill
• likely to: có khả năng/có thể thích hợp.
Eg: He is not likely to come now
• married to: kết hôn.
Eg: Ali is married to Salma
• necessary to:cần thiết, thiết yếu.
Eg: Sleeping is necessary to health
• open to: cởi mở.
Eg: The system is open to abuse
• opposed to: bất đồng.
Eg: He was bitterly opposed to the war
• polite to: lịch sự.
Eg: You must be more polite to the customers
• related to: liên quan đến.
Eg: He was related to that crime
• responsible to sb:chịu trách nhiệm với ai.
Eg: The head of state is responsible to his people and must obey the law
• similar to: tương tự.
Eg: Your hat is similar to mine
• sensitive to/about: nhạy cảm.
Eg: She is very sensitive to other people's feelings
• used to: quen với.
Eg: I’m used to getting up early
2 Adj +of
• afraid of: sợ hãi.
Eg: Are you afraid of snakes?
• ashamed of: xấu hổ, bối rối.
Trang 11Eg: She was deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the party.
• aware of: nhận thức về cái gì >< unaware of.
Eg: He was well aware of the problem
• capable of: có khả năng về cái gì.
Eg: He is capable of anything if it furthers his ambition
• careful of/with/about sth: cẩn thận.
Eg: He was very careful of his reputation
• certain of/about: chắc chắn về cái gì.
Eg: You don’t seem too certain of it
• characteristic of: đặc trưng cho tính cách của ai đó hoặc của vật nào đó.
Eg: Enthusiasm is characteristic of him
• conscious of: nhận thức, chú ý đến.
Eg: She's very conscious of the problems involved
• desirous of: khao khát.
Eg: The Pope was desirous of peace in Europe
• doubtful of/about: nghi ngờ.
Eg: I was doubtful of my judgement
• envious of: ghen tị = jealous of.
Eg: He was envious of the local boys who could see her every day
Other girls were jealous of her good looks
• fond of: ưa thích.
Eg: I’m fond of cooking
• frightened of: sợ hãi.
Eg: I’ve always been frightened of snakes
• full of: đầy.
Eg: The bin needs emptying, it's full of rubbish
• guilty of: cảm thấy có lỗi, hối lỗi.
Eg: She was guilty of a serious error of judgement
• hopeful of/about: hi vọng.
Eg: She is hopeful of returning to work soon
• incapable of: không có khả năng.
Eg: Professors who seem incapable of any original thought
Trang 12• innocent of: ngây thơ, vô tội.
Eg: She was found innocent of any crime
• independent of: độc lập.
Eg: The study is totally independent of central government
• nervous of/about: lo lắng.
Eg: He’s always been a little nervous of speaking in public
• proud of: tự hào về.
Eg: They are proud of their daughter
• respectful of/for: lễ phép, tôn trọng.
Eg: I’m respectful of your opinion
• be/get + rid of: tống khứ.
Eg: We got rid of all the old furniture
• sick of: chán ngấy.
Eg: I’m sick of waiting around like this
• scared of: sợ hãi.
Eg: All small children are scared of ghost
• sure of: chắc chắn.
Eg: I’m not sure of the results
• suspicious of/about: nghi ngờ.
Eg: He was suspicious of/about her motives
• tired of: chán vì cái gì
Eg: I am tired of studying all the time
• terrified of: cảm thấy khiếp sợ.
Eg: I'm terrified of spiders
• typical of: điển hình.
Eg: This meal is typical of local cookery
• unaware of: không nhận thức được.
Eg: He was unaware of my presence
3 Adj + for
• anxious for sb about st: lo lắng.
Eg: Parents are naturally anxious for their children
• appreciated for: được đánh giá cao.
Trang 13Eg: I was appreciated for my help.
• available: có sẵn, sẵn sàng.
Eg: The Prime Minister was not available for comment
• bad for st: có hại cho.
Eg: Staying up late is bad for our health
• convenient for: thuận tiện, thuận lợi.
Eg: Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?
• difficult for: khó.
Eg: The questions are too difficult for the children
• eager for: hào hứng.
Eg: I am eager for my next trip
• eligible for: đủ điều kiện.
Eg: Only those over 70 are eligible for the special payment
• enough for: đủ.
Eg: Have we got enough sandwiches for lunch?
• important for: quan trọng cho.
Eg: Oxygen is important for our lives
• famous for: nổi tiếng.
Eg: Hanoi is famous for “pho”
• grateful/thankful for s.th: biết ơn.
Eg: I was grateful for the light so I could see
I hold my babies tight and I am thankful for every moment I have with them
• late for: muộn.
Eg: He was ten minutes late for school
• necessary for: cần thiết.
Eg: She hasn't the experience necessary for the job
• perfect for: hoàn hảo.
Eg: It was my favorite little black dress that I thought would be absolutely perfect for mydate with Rick
• prepared for st: chuẩn bị.
Eg: The troops were being prepared for battle
• qualified for: đủ điều kiện, đủ khả năng.
Trang 14Eg: He is qualified for this dangerous mission.
• responsible for st/ving: có trách nhiệm.
Eg: You must be responsible for paying these bills
• ready for: sẵn sang.
Eg: I’m ready for the exam
• sorry for st/V.ing: lấy làm tiếc, hối hận.
Eg: Aren't you sorry for what you've done?
• suitable for: thích hợp.
Eg: This programme is not suitable for children
• sufficent for: đầy đủ.
Eg: He had a small private income which was sufficient for her needs
4 Adj + at
• amazed/astonished + at/by : ngạc nhiên.
Eg: My parents looked astonished at my news
• amused at/by: ngạc nhiên, thích thú.
Eg: Everyone is amused at/by the clown’s comic gestures
• angry at/about st: tức giận.
Eg: I was very angry at how rainy it was
• annoyed at/about st: bực mình cái gì.
Eg: He was beginning to get very annoyed at/about my carelessness
• bad at: không giỏi về, dốt.
Eg: I’m bad at Maths
• clever at: thông minh.
Eg: She's clever at getting what she wants
• delighted at/by/with: vui vẻ, hài lòng.
Eg: She was delighted by/at the news of the wedding
• excellent at: xuất sắc.
Eg: My teacher is excellent at English
• furious at: giận dữ, điên tiết.
Eg: They were furious at not being invited to the party
• good at: giỏi.
Eg: I’m good at English
Trang 15• hopeless at: không còn hy vọng, vô vọng.
Eg: I'm hopeless at science
I am hopeless at paying my bills on time
• lucky at: may mắn cho cái gì.
Eg: I’m lucky at winning this trip
• proficient in/at: thành thạo.
Eg: I was proficient at my job
• quick at: nhanh.
Eg: He is quick at solving mathematical problems
• slow at: chậm.
Eg: She is frequently slow at making up her mind
• shocked at/by: sốc.
Eg: I was shocked at the news of her death
• skillful at: khéo tay, tài giỏi.
Eg: He is skillful at inventing excuses
• surprised at/by: ngạc nhiên.
Eg: We were surprised at your behavior
5 Adj + with
• acquainted with : quen với cái gì (Hay dùng: get acquainted with)
Eg: The students are already acquainted with the work of Shakespeare
• associated with: cộng tác với, liên quan tới.
Eg: He no longer wished to be associated with the party's policy on education
• annoyed with sb at/about st: khó chịu.
Eg: Kelly was annoyed with him
• bored with = fed up with: chán.
Eg: I’m bored with my job
In the end, I just got fed up with his constant complaining
• busy with sth/doing st (hoặc busy doing sth).
Eg: Irina and Marcus were busy with preparations for their wedding
• content with : bằng lòng với cái gì.
Eg: She seemed quite content with her results
• careful with/about/of sth: cẩn thận.
Trang 16Eg: Please be careful with my glasses.
• connected with: kết nối với, liên hệ với.
Eg: The fall in retail sales is directly connected with the decline in employment
• crowded with sth = packed with: đông đúc, đầy.
Eg: a room crowded with books
• disappointed with/at/by/in: thất vọng.
Eg: I was very disappointed with myself
• dissatisfied with: không hài lòng.
Eg: He has been very dissatisfied with his life in recent months
• delighted at/by/with: vui vẻ, hài lòng.
Eg: I was delighted with my presents
• familiar with: quen thuộc.
Eg: He is familiar with me
• friendly with: thân thiện.
Eg: I am very friendly with the people
• generous with: rộng rãi, rộng lượng.
Eg: To be generous with your time
• gentle with: lịch thiệp.
Eg: He is gentle with women and children
• involved with: liên quan đến.
Eg: Angela told me she was involved with someone else
• pleased with: hài lòng với.
Eg: It took a long time to complete the work, but I’m very pleased with the results
• patient with: nhẫn nại.
Eg: Susan’s very patient with the children
• popular with: được yêu thích bởi số đông.
Eg: These policies are unlikely to prove popular with middle-class voters
• satisfied with: hài lòng với.
Eg: He felt satisfied with his job
• troubled with: bồn chồn, lo lắng.
Eg: Don’t be troubled with that
• wrong with: sai về.
Trang 17Eg: There's something wrong with the printer.
6 Adj + in
• disappointed at/by/with/in: thất vọng.
Eg: I'm disappointed in you I really thought I could trust you!
• experienced in: có kinh nghiệm về cái gì.
Eg: He's very experienced in looking after animals
• honest in: trung thực.
Eg: Always be honest in whatever you do
• involved in: liên quan đến; dành nhiều thời gian, sự chú ý.
Eg: We need to examine all the costs involved in the project first
I was so involved in my book I didn't hear you knock
• interested in: quan tâm, thích thú.
Eg: I’m interested in football
• proficient in/at: thành thạo.
Eg: She felt reasonably proficient in Italian
• rich in: giàu.
Eg: Many vegetables and fruits are rich in vitamins
• successful in: thành công.
Eg: Finally, they were successful in putting out the fire
• weak in: kém về.
Eg: He is the student who is weak in algebra
7 Adj + from
• absent from: vắng mặt.
Eg: Most pupils were absent from school at least once
• derived from: bắt nguồn từ cái gì.
Eg: In fact the word “fiction” is derived from the Greek “fictus”, which means to shape
• different from: khác.
Eg: Their tastes are different from mine
• distinct from: khác biệt.
Eg: Man is distinct from animals
• free of/from: không chứa hoặc không bị ảnh hưởng bởi thứ gì đó độc hại, không tốt
Eg: free from difficulty/doubt/fear
Trang 18free from artificial colours and flavourings.
• far from: cách xa.
Eg: My house is far from my school
• isolated from = separate from: tách biệt.
Eg: He was isolated from all the other prisoners
Criticism of one can and should be kept entirely separate from the other
8 Adj + about
• anxious about sth/for sb: lo lắng.
Eg: He seemed anxious about the meeting
• confused about: bối rối, nhầm lẫn.
Eg: She was utterly confused about what had happened
• careful with/about/of sth: cẩn thận.
Eg: I’m very careful about washing my hands before eating
• concerned about sth: quan tâm về cái gì.
Eg: The President is deeply concerned about this issue
• crazy about: điên cuồng vì cái gì.
Eg: It’s pretty obvious he’s crazy about you
• certain about/of: chắc chắn về cái gì.
Eg: You don’t seem too certain about it
• curious about: tò mò, hiếu kỳ.
Eg: She was curious about what had happened
• doubtful about: hoài nghi, không chắc chắn.
Eg: Rosy was doubtful about the whole idea
• excited about: có hứng thú với.
Eg: I’m very excited about the news
• enthusiastic about: hứng thú.
Eg: You don't sound very enthusiastic about the idea
• glad about: vui mừng.
Eg: She wasn’t going to leave, and he was glad about that
• happy about/with: hạnh phúc, hài lòng.
Eg: If there's anything you're not happy about, come and ask
• hopeful of/about: hi vọng.
Trang 19Eg: He is not very hopeful about the outcome of the interview.
• nervous of/about: lo lắng.
Eg: She was nervous about walking home so late
• optimistic about: lạc quan >< pessimistic: bi quan
Eg: Peter is not optimstic about the outcome
Doctors are pessimistic about his chances of making a full recovery
• serious about: nghiêm trọng, nghiêm túc.
Eg: I’m serious about my work
• suspicious of/about: nghi ngờ.
Eg: I'm always suspicious about his kindness
• upset about: buồn về.
Eg: I was upset about losing my money
• worried about: lo lắng.
Eg: He is always worried about his wife
9 Adj + on
• based on: dựa trên cái gì.
Eg: This novel is based on a real story
• dependent on: phụ thuộc vào, dựa vào
Eg: Success is dependent on how hard you work
• keen on: thích thú.
Eg: The kids are mad keen on computer games at the moment
X DANH TỪ ĐI VỚI GIỚI TỪ - GIỚI TỪ ĐI SAU DANH TỪ
1 N + to
• according to: theo.
Eg: According to the archives, he was born in Paris
• attention to: quan tâm, chú ý Hay dùng: pay attention to
Eg: I pay attention to the details
• attitude to/toward: thái độ.
Eg: He has a very bad attitude to/towards work
• answer to: câu trả lời.
Eg: The minister promised to give a written answer to the MP's detailed question
• cruelty to: độc ác.
Trang 20Eg: The farmer was accused of cruelty to animals.
• contributon to: đóng góp (Hay dùng: made a contribution to)
Eg: This invention made a major contribution to road safety
• admission to: quyền được.
Eg: Admission to the exhibition will be by invitation only
• contrary to: trái với.
Eg: Contrary to his expectations, he found the atmosphere exciting
• devotion to: cống hiến.
Eg: She will be remembered for her selfless devotion to the cause
• addiction to: thói nghiện cái gì.
Eg: I have an addiction to mystery stories
• damage to: thiệt hại (Hay dùng: do/cause damage to sth)
Eg: Recent discoveries about corruption have done serious damage to the company'sreputation
• invitation to: lời mời.
Eg: Thanks for the invitation to your birthday party
• key to: giải pháp.
Eg: See the key to test 3 on page 176
• reaction to: phản ứng.
Eg: Reactions to the proposal so far have been adverse
• reply to: đáp lại.
Eg: There were very few replies to our advertisement
• thanks to: nhờ có.
Eg: Thanks to my friends helped me with the exam, I passed it
• owing to: nhờ có.
Eg: The concert has been cancelled owing to lack of interest
• with a view to: với mục đích gì.
Eg: These measures have been taken with a view to increasing the company's profits
• appeal to: lời kêu gọi ai.
Eg: The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm
• guide to: sách hướng dẫn cái gì.
Eg: He has written a fully comprehensive guide to Rome
Trang 21• introduction to: sự giới thiệu ai.
Eg: That trip was my introduction to winter sports
• clue to: đầu mối, manh mối.
Eg: The police found a vital clue to the girl's disappearance in a wooded area near herhome
2 N + for
• a cheque for + số tiền:
Eg: I wrote him a cheque for £50
• demand for: nhu cầu.
Eg: There was little demand for tickets
• need for: nhu cầu.
Eg: There's a growing need for cheap housing in the larger cities
• dislike for: ghét.
Eg: I have a strong dislike for this movie
• reason for: lý do.
Eg: Car exhaust is the main reason for the city's pollution
• passion/love for: niềm say mê.
Eg: Anton has a consuming passion for science fiction
• Ddesire for: sự mong muốn, khao khát gì.
Eg: There is a strong desire for peace among the people
• inspiration for: niềm say mê.
Eg: The golden autumn light provided the inspiration for the painting
• request for: yêu cầu về việc gì.
Eg: They received hundreds of requests for more information
• room for: chỗ trống.
Eg: Is there enough room for me in the car?
• thirst for: sự khao khát.
Trang 22Eg: He's always had a thirst for adventure.
3 N + in
• an increase in: tăng.
Eg: Any increase in production would be helpful
• rise in: được đánh giá cao.
Eg: The rise in house prices him to sell his house for a large profit
• a fall/drop/decrease: giảm.
Eg: There has been a steady decrease in the number of visitors
• advance in: sự phát triển.
Eg: Recent advances in medical science mean that this illness can now be cured
• delight in = Pleasure of: vui thích.
Eg: He seems to take great delight in teasing his sister
• confidence in: sự tin tưởng.
Eg: I have complete confidence in her She'll be perfect for the job
• faith in: sự tin tưởng.
Eg: All her life she had implicit faith in socialism
• interest in: sự quan tâm.
Eg: I've always had an interest in astronomy
• revolution in: cuộc cách mạng.
Eg: Penicillin produced a revolution in medicine
• specialist in: chuyên gia.
Eg: She's a specialist in childhood illnesses
• trade in: sự buôn bán.
Eg: There's a flourishing trade in second-hand video machines
• Trust in: sự tin cậy, tin tưởng.
Eg: Sometimes you have to trust in the goodness of human nature
• delay in: sự trì hoàn cái gì.
Eg: There has been a delay in the book's publication
Trang 23Eg: Sugar is a major cause of tooth decay.
• picture of: tranh.
Eg: Freddy drew/painted a picture of my dog
• photograph of: ảnh.
Eg: A photograph of her daughter was prominently displayed on her desk
• danger of: nguy hiểm.
Eg: If there's any danger of seeing Gary at the party, I'm not going
• a number of: số lượng.
Eg: A large number of invitations have been sent
• a lot of: nhiều.
Eg: There were a lot of people there
• as a result of: là kết quả của.
Eg: 750 manual workers will lose their jobs as a result of company cutback
• for fear of: sợ.
Eg: I didn't want to move for fear of waking her up
• in the middle of: ở giữa.
Eg: When she called, I was in the middle of making dinner
• on behalf of: thay mặt.
Eg: He gave what amounted to an apology on behalf of his company
5 N + between…/with….
• a relationship/a connection/contact with…:
Eg: Do you have a good relationship with your parent?
The police want to question a man in connection with the robbery
• Nhưng: a relationship/a connection/a different between two things or people
Eg: There are some differences between British and American English
GIỚI TỪ ĐI TRƯỚC DANH TỪ