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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THE STATE BANK OF VIETNAM

BANKING UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY

COMMERCIAL BANK CREDITS FOR HIGH-TECH AGRICULTURE

IN LAM DONG PROVINCE

DAO DUNG TRI DOCTORAL THESIS SUMMARY

HO CHI MINH CITY, 2020

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THE STATE BANK OF VIETNAM

BANKING UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY

COMMERCIAL BANK CREDITS FOR HIGH-TECH AGRICULTURE

IN LAM DONG PROVINCE

DAO DUNG TRI DOCTORAL THESIS SUMMARY

Major: Finance – Banking

Code: 9 34 02 01

Scientific supervisor: ASSOC PROF PH.D NGUYEN THI LOAN

HO CHI MINH CITY, 2020

LIST OF PUBLISHED SCIENTIFIC WORKS

1 "Dealing with bad debt of Vietnam commercial Bank, situation and recommendation", Asia Pacific Economic Review ISSN 0868-3808, 479, 4-7, 2016

2 "Commercial bank credits for high-tech agriculture in Lam Dong Province", Industry and Trade Magazine ISSN 0866-7756, 20, 316-319, 2019

3 "Integrated model explaining the granting of credit facilities intention tohigh-tech agriculture", Review of Finance ISSN: 2615-8973, 1st issue,Dec-2019 (718), 201-105, 2019

CHAPTER ONE: RESEARCH OVERVIEW 1.1 Reason for choosing topic

1.1.1 Research background

High technology agriculture (high-tech agriculture) is a step forward in agricultural production Lam Dong Province has a very favorable climate and suitable land to develop high-tech agriculture By the end of 2018, the total area of high-tech agriculture production in Lam Dong Province is 54,477 ha (19.5% of province’s total farming area)

The high-tech agriculture program has been identified as one of 6 key programs for leading and directing implementation since 2004 Thus far, the Provincial committee and the People's Committee (PPC) has issued many advocates and policies aimed at promoting the development of agriculture in the direction of high technology application With the advantages and input of the whole political system, Lam Dong is using its advantages to develop the high-tech agriculture area

to produce vegetables and flowers, thereby improving the productivity and value of products According to Lam Dong Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, there are more than

700 hectares that grow vegetables or flowers have revenue from 01 to 03 billionVND per year, some areas even have revenue more than 3 billion VND on a hectare per year High-tech agricultureproduction requires huge investment capital, to achieve the revenue over 03 billion/ha/year, each hectare of production land should invest in the greenhouse system, irrigation system, machinery from 2.2 billion to 2.5 billion VND

Statistics from the State Bank of Vietnam - Lam Dong Branch showed that from 2012 to 2018, localcommercial bank’s branches in the province of Lam Dong have lent only 1,021 billion to develop high-tech agriculture This capital was providedjust about 20% of the credit demand for high-tech agricultureproduction of the whole period (4,837 billion VND) Although the province has many advantages to develop high-tech agricultureand high-tech agriculturedevelopment is under the concerned of Provincial Commission and the PPC It was put into focus program, and was a key to develop in each period.However, the amount of credit from commercial banksput into this area in the recent years is very limited

According to Boucher et al (2007), Diagne et al (2000), the credits provided by the commercial bank have played a very important role in increasing agricultural productivity It helps farmers invest in production tools andtechnological innovations, and also in applying new technologies in agriculture to increase their production efficiency and income Therefore, identify the knots in credit grading system ofcommercial banks in Lam Dong Province for high-tech agricultureproduction is a pressing matter

1.1.2 Overview of related research and scientific gap

1.1.2.1 International studies

Experimental studies about agricultural credit constraints and borrowing behavior of farmers in rural Punjab by WaqarAkram, Zakir Hussain, MH Sial and Ijaz Hussain (2008) The study of Rabah (2015), about factors affecting the bank credit of Jordanian commercial banks.The study by Firas Mohammed Al-Rawashdeh, Al Balqa; Burhan M Al-Omari et al (2013) on the factors affecting granting of credit facilities in commercial banks in the Aqaba Special Economic Zone -Jordan Study on credit for farmers in five districts of Malawi byDiagne and Manfred Zeller (1999) Study by Duong and Inzumida (2002) on commercial bank credits for farmers in three provinces of Vietnam (NinhBinh, QuangNgai and An Giang) Study byGuangwen and Lili (2005),about the financial needs of farmers in Longren, Guizhou, China Study by Nuryartonoet al (2005) on credit rationingof farm households and agricultural production: empirical evidence in the rural areas of Central Sulawesi,Indonesia Study byQuartey et al (2017), about financing the

growth of SMEs in Africa: the contraints to SME financing within ECOWAS The study by Harvie et al (2013),about SME’ access to finance: evidence from selected Asian economies, etc

1.1.2.2 Domestic studies

The study by Nguyen Quoc Oanh, Pham Thi My Dung (2010), about determining factors affecting farming households’ ability to access commercial bank creditsin suburban of Hanoi city.The study

of Tran Thuc and Huynh TrungThoi (2013) about factors affecting farmer’s access to formal credit

in AnGiang province Study by Nguyen Ngoc Tuan (2012) about credit for coffee producers in DakNong Province Study by Mai Thi Thuy An, Phan Thi Ngoc Huyen and Nguyen Van Vu An (2016),aboutSMEs capitals demand from commercial banks in TraVinh city Study by Thai Anh Hoa (1997) about the rice farmers’ accessibility to formal credit in An Giang and Can Thoprovince Study by Tran ThoDat (1998),aboutfactors affecting famers’ formal credit accessibility in Vietnam Study by Tran Ai (2009), about factors affecting commercial bank creditsof aquaculture farms in TraVinh province Study by Vo Thanh Danh (2008),about the accessibility to commercial bank creditsof private companies in the Mekong river delta The study byTruong Dong Loc and Tran Ba Duy (2010),about the factors affecting the formal credit accessof farmers in KienGiang province Study by Nguyen Thi Hai Yen (2016),about the coffee producers’ accessto credit from commercial banksin Dak Lak Province Study by Nguyen Thi Tam (2006), about theimportant role of commercial banks’crediton developing farm economy Study by Le Dang Lang, le Tan Buu (2014), about the attitude of farmers on high-tech agriculturedevelopment

in DakNong Province Study by Nguyen Van Tuan (2015),about the factors affecting credit quality inAgribank Study by Tran Quang Van et al (2017), about SMEs’ ability to access financial resources, etc

1.1.2.3 Review on previous studies

After reviewing domestic and foreign studies, the thesis includes some comment as follows:

Firstly, there have been many studies about credit activities in Vietnam as well as abroad These

studies have shown factors affecting credit grade activity, access to the commercial bank credits capital suitable for each audience and research location However, the majority of these studies

only focus on one perspective From perspective of the lenders- commercial banks, we have the

studies of Mpuga, Paul (2008), Harvie et al (2013), Firas Mohammed Al-Rawashdeh, Al Balqa, Burhan M Al-Omari et al (2013), Quartey et al (2017), Mai Thi Thuy An et al (2016), Vo Thanh Danh (2008), Doan Thi Hong Dung (2012), Nguyen Van Tuan (2015), Nguyen Thi Hai Yen

(2016) From the manufacturing household's perspective, there are studies of WaqarAkram, Zakir

Hussain, MH Sial and Ijaz Hussain (2008), Guangwen and Lili (2005), Nuryartono et al (2005), MamoGirma et al (2015), Mpuga Paul (2008), Diagne and Manfred Zeller (1999), Duong and Inzumid (2002) , Nguyen Thi Hai Yen (2016), Vuong Quoc Duy and Dang Hoang Trung (2015), Truong Dong Loc and Tran Ba Duy (2010), Tran ThoDat (1998), Thai Anh Hoa (1997), Tran Ai

Ket and Huynh TrungThoi (2013) etc.,and from the perspective ofcompanies and farm owners,we

have the research of Harvie et al (2013) , Quartey et al (2017), Tran Quang Van et al (2017), Nguyen Hong Ha, Huynh Thi Ngoc Tuyen, Do Cong Binh (2013), etc However, there are not many extensive and comprehensive study about commercial bank credits grading activity from both sides, customers and commercial banks

Secondly, there have been a lot of studies on credit activities for agricultural production in

Vietnam as well as abroad However, there have not been much intensive studies on developing commercial banks’ lending There are studies of high-tech agriculture but the research subject is inclined to orient and the concerns when developing high-tech agriculture, such as the study by Le Dang Lang, Le Tan Buu (2014)

Thirdly, some studies specialize in the role of bank credit in agricultural production such as the

studies by Boucher et al (2007), Diagne et al (2000), Nguyen Thi Tam (2006) etc

Fourth, previous studies have mentioned and described quite specifically the causes that can lead

to grant capital funding and the factors affecting the needs and satisfaction of credit for the tech agriculture household credit todevelop rural agriculture However, previous studies has only

high-focused on explaining objective factors that affect the granting of credit facilities, such as land

size, land value (Duong and Inzumida, 2002; WaqarAkram, Zakir Hussain, MH Sial and Ijaz Hussain, 2008;Diagne and Manfred Zeller, 1999; Tran ThoDat, 1998), scale of the business, business area (Harvie et al, 2013; Quartey et al, 2017; Vo Thanh Danh, 2008), lending procedure, collateral (Vo DucToan, 2012; Nguyen Hong Ha, Huynh Thi Ngoc Tuyen, Do Cong Binh, 2013), credit policy, marketing policy (Doan Thi Hong Dung, 2012; Nguyen Van Tuan, 2015, etc.) or

demographic factors, such as age, gender, education level (Mpuga, Paul, 2008, Guangwen and

Lili, 2005; Tran ThoDat, 1998; Tran Ai Ket, 2009, Truong Dong Loc and Tran Ba Duy, 2010, etc.), number of family members (Duong and Inzumida,2002; Diagne and Manfred Zeller, 1999; Nuryartonoet al, 2005;Truong Dong Loc and Tran Ba Duy, 2010; etc.) However, these studies

didn’t concern about subjective perception factors of individual commercial bank employees

Therefore, from the results of the above studies, it is difficult to propose the implications of governance for the commercial bank leaders in order to increase the loan intention of customers, understanding the behavioral intention of credit officers in granting credit and to maintain credit growth in this area

Based on the research background as well as gaps in previous scientific works, the author chose the topic for thesis “Commercial bank credits for high-tech agriculture in Lam Dong Province" This thesis is aimed to overall study the commercial banks’ granting of credit facilitiesin three

aspects.Firstly, in term of the commercial bankin the role of credit financing unit.Secondly, in terms of the customer that usecredit loan service ofcommercial bank.And finally, in term of credit

officer.Therefore,this study on the credit from commercial bank for high-tech agriculturein order

to boost the commercial bank credits growth in high-tech agriculture area; this also contribute to the development of high-tech agriculture in Lam Dong Province This thesis has in-depth differences in the field of study and scientific and practical meaning to apply in Lam Dong Province

1.2 Research objectives and research questions

1.2.1 Research objectives

• General objectives

Evaluategranting of credit facilitiesto high-tech agriculture activities from three perspectives: commercial bank as credit financing unit, customer approaching capital, and the granting of credit facilitiesintentionof the credit officer; in order to propose solutions and recommendations to developcommercial bank’ credit for high-tech agriculture in Lam Dong Province

• Specific objectives

(1) Evaluate the status of granting of credit facilities tohigh-tech agriculture activities of commercial banks in Lam Dong Province in 2012-2018 period to draw preliminary achievements

as well as the remaining problems that need disassembly;

(2) Evaluatethe accessibility and demand of commercial bank credits for high-tech agriculture customers;

(3) Evaluate the factors affectedgranting of credit facilitiesintention from commercial bank credit officers for high-tech agriculturein Lam Dong Province;

(4) Propose solutions and recommendations to develop commercial bank’ credit for high-tech agriculture in Lam Dong Province

In terms of space: the scope of data and the scope of study is limited to Lam Dong Province

In terms of time: usage data for study is aggregated in the period between 2012 and 2018 The

survey aimed to customers and credit officers at commercial banks in Lam Dong Province was made in 2019

• Secondary data is collected from 2012 – 2018 to assess the current status of lending to high-tech agricultureat the commercial bank branches in Lam Dong Province

• Survey period was from 3/2019 to May 8/2019 The survey object were credit officers working in commercial bank branches Scope of the survey was Dalat city and its four neighboring districts: Lac Duong, Don Duong, Lam Ha and DucTrọng (will be referred to as “survey area” in this study) The survey area is the region havehigh-tech agriculture focus mainly in Lam Dong Province.Survey area has 95% total land that grows vegetables and flowers in Lam Dong Province The survey object are the individual business household, business, co-operatives groups operate in flowers and vegetable production, who has demand for bank credit, excluding enterprises with direct foreign investment capital

1.4 Research methods and data collection

1.4.1 Research methods

• Research secondary data method, statistics, synthesis, comparison and analysis (implementing objective 1)

• Text analysis method (implementing objectives 1,4)

• Customer survey methodandIPA grid analysis (implementing objective 2)

• Commercial bank credit officer survey method and quantitative method to evaluate the factors affecting the intention of granting of credit facilities (implementing objective 3)

• Methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison and evaluation to form the foundation of proposed solution recommendations (implementing objective 4)

• Primary data to assess the needs, current loan status andpurpose of using the loan, and the difficulties that customershave, etc., which wascollect from the sample set of 161 survey of farmers and businesses

1.5 New points and contributions of thesis

1.5.1 New points

First, this thesis analyzed and reviewed commercial bank credits activities in Lam Dong

Province with three perspectives: commercial banks as capital funding unit, the demand capital from customer’s perspective and factors affecting the capital granting intention of credit officers

Second , this thesis has approached the theory of behavior and inherited integrated models to

construct a model that quantitative factors explaining the granting of credit facilities intentionby credit officers forhigh-tech agriculture in Lam Dong Province from the survey results

Third, thisthesis has discussed and given the commercial bank credits concept for high-tech

agriculture, the characteristics of high-tech agriculture production and its lending features

Four, this thesis used combining data from primary source and secondary source with

multiple analytical methods to find out the difficulties, challengingissuesofboth supply and demand in term of bank credit facilities for high-tech agriculture

1.5.2 Scientific contributions

First,build asystematic theoretical frame of high-tech agriculture and commercial bank

credit, and from which evolved into the theory aboutcommercial bank credit of high-tech agriculture production

Second, systematizeinterpretation of theoretical frameworks of behavior, evaluation,

inheritance of experimental studies to formulate models explaining the factors affecting the decision of the credit grade of staff

1.5.3 Contributions in terms of practice

• The thesis has provided more information about the current status of agricultural credit activities, especially the high-tech agriculture in Lam Dong Province

• Point out the difficulties in the loan process for high-tech agriculture and the obstructions in credit activities and help the commercial banks in Lam Dong Province to build the business strategy

• Provide useful advices and recommendations to build policies for promoting credit growth of other industriesatcommercial banks in Lam Dong Province

1.6 Thesis structure

Chapter 1: Thesis overview

Chapter 2: Theoretical background

Chapter 3: Research Methods

Chapter 4: Data analysis

Chapter 5: Conclusions and solutions, recommendations

Chapter one Conclusion

Chapter 1 has introduced the reason and practical necessity of research on commercial bank credits for high-tech agriculture in Lam Dong Province After reviewing relevant domestic and foreign studies, Chapter 1 found scientific gap; and with that background, determines the content, objectives, subjects, scope and methods of research; contributions to scientific and practical research Chapter 1 is the foundationto performresearches in next chapters

CHAPTER TWO: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

2.1 High-tech agriculture overview

2.1.1 The concepts and features of high-tech agriculture

2.1.1.1 The concepts of high-tech agriculture

According to Pham S (2006), "High-tech agriculture is agricultural application synthesis of new kinds of technologies suitable with faming space condition at specific time and the advanced technical facilities to achieve optimum productivity, quality, food safety and cost of production Therefore, it helpsincrease competitiveness with high economic efficiency on the basis

of ensuring sustainable ecological environment”

• Concept of high-tech agriculture area

• Concept of high-tech agriculture region

• Concept of high-tech agriculture business

• Concept of high-tech agriculture farm

• Concept of high-tech agriculture household

• Concept of high-tech agriculture project

• Concept of the agricultural production value chain

2.1.1.2 The features of high-tech agriculture

First, high-tech agriculture produces new breed seedlings with high yield, good quality and shorter

growth time

Second, high-tech agriculture creates new production methods thatconcentrate andcreate large

quantity of goods Businessescan catch up with each other in terms of technology, skills and specialized production line Each phase of the production line can be operated by a specialized business

Third, when forming zones and regions that produce signature products canalso createagriculture

tourismattractions

Fourth, the soil is gradually replaced by growing mediums or nutrient liquid Thereby, the

hydroponic cultivation model using growing mediums becomes more popular

Fifth, manual labor is slowly replaced by machines and high skilled labors into the production line Sixth, can producing large volume of evenly high quality goods Therefore, it is possible to join the

global trade and value chain by meeting the market supply requirements and product quality and origin traceability

Seventh, fromeconomic perspective,the demand for credit capital from commercial banks would

rise due to the need in investingmore on machinery, equipment and modern technology It will increase the investment cost per unit area;

Eighth, the appearance of challenges such asthe follow-the-crowd feature of high-tech agriculture,

the poor quality products blended into market will do damage to the farmers

Ninth, to form co-operation producing model between businesses, co-ops, co-ops group with

agriculture households for the matter of supply of materials, production and consumption

Tenth, high-tech agriculture is the foundation to continuing into 4.0 eraof smartagriculture of

comprehensive, sustainable and modern

2.1.1.3 The advantages of high-tech agriculture

2.2 Commercial bank creditstheoretical background

2.2.1 Commercial bank credits concept

From the nature of credit and the concepts stated, it is possible to conclude that, Commercial bank credits (on lending operations perspective) are the process that commercial banks use their own capita or mobilized capital to make loans to legal entity and individuals with specified conditions and for a certain period on which the two sides agreed upon the principle of repayment When due, the borrower is obliged to repay the original loan amount plus interest

2.2.2 Classification of bank credits

According to Bui Dieu Anh et al (2009), bank credits classified as follows:

• Based on credit purpose

Credit for business operation

Credit for consumption

• Based on credit deadlines

Short-term credit

Medium-term credit

Long-term credit

• Based on credit collateral

Credit doesn’t havecollateral

Credit repayment upon request

• Based on repayment characteristic

Direct repayment credit

Indirect repayment credit

2.3 Overview of commercial bank credits to high-tech agriculture

2.3.1 The concept of commercial bank credits to high-tech agriculture

Commercial bank credits (in lending operations) for high-tech agriculture is the process that commercial banks ' use of their own capital or mobilized capital to make loans to legal entities and individuals for high-tech agriculture with specified conditions and for a certain period on which the two sides agreed upon the principle of return When due, the borrower is obliged to repay the original loan value plus loan interest rate

2.3.2 Features of commercial bank credits for high-tech agriculture

First, the scale and method of high-tech agriculture makes the cost of lending activities of

commercial banks dropped;

Second, when giving loans to high-tech agriculture, the high risk caused by nature and other

environment factors is no longer a major issue as traditional agricultural production;

Third,because of the large investment per unit area, the short-term loan for high-tech agriculture

can cause difficulties to the borrower when it is due;

Fourth, the evaluation of loan collateral in high-tech agriculture is generally low due to the right

ownership of establishments in the land was unspecified by the law;

Fifth, in terms of credit risk inlending to high-tech agriculture, the risk from natural force is not

much, but there still are risks come from technology, unstable market, and from the risk of capital loss;

Sixth,high-tech agriculture chain value also enablecommercial banks to create niche high-tech

agriculture loan products, such as lending through value chains, lending through focal institutions, lending to projects or co-operations, etc

Seventh, the loans for high-tech agriculture are usually lower than its demand;

Eighth, high-tech agriculture lending requires the credit officer’s effort to grasp new technologies,

production processes, etc to be confident in the evaluation and make credit proposals;

Ninth, purchasing contracts prior to the production is considered as important key to loan

evaluation and proposal in casesbusiness don’t have secured assets in high-tech agriculture lending

2.3.3 The role of commercial bank credits for high-tech agriculture

2.3.4 Developing commercial bank credits to high-tech agriculture

2.3.4.1 Perspectives on developing commercial bank credits for high-tech agriculture

Developingcommercial bank credits for high-tech agriculture needs simultaneously developboth of its width and depth Width developing is the growth in terms of credit volume, credit structure, and high-tech agriculture credit customer segments Depth developing is the quality of credit facilities, quality of credit services, improve customer satisfaction and meet the reasonable needs of high-tech agriculture customers based on loanrisk control

2.3.4.2 Developing indicators of commercial bank credits in high-tech agriculture

Growth indicators on loan sales of high-tech agriculture

Growth indicators on loan outstanding balance of high-tech agriculture

Growth indicatorsabout high-tech agriculture customer quantity

Growth indicatorson evaluatehigh-tech agriculture credit quality

2.3.4.3 Factors affecting the development of commercial bank credits for high-tech

agriculture

Objective factors group of the commercial bank

• Credit policy of commercial bank

• The bank information technology system

• Internal control system that related to credit activities

• The bank marketing activities

• Implementingcommercial bank credit activities and the quality of workforce

Subjective factorsgroup

• Legal environment

• Natural conditions and socio-economic environment

2.4 Theoretical frameworks of behavior

2.4.1 The theory of planned behavior (TPB)

The theory of planned behavior was developed byAjzen and Fishbein (1980) The planned behavioral theory is meant to interpret most human behaviors According to TPB, the true behavior of an individual in the conduct of a particular action is come frombehavioral intention of said individuals.The intention of which is influenced by three main factors: attitude, perceived behavioral control and subjective norm (Figure 2.1)

Figure 2.1 The theory of planned behavior (TPB) 2.4.2 Theory of Technology Acceptance model (TAM)

Technology Acceptance Model is also developed from the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) by Fisbein&Ajzen (1975), according to TAM, a person acceptance behavior of using a certain system is formed from their attitude toward using that system and their perceived usefulness (PU) of said system In which, the attitude and perception about system usefulness is influenced by the perceived ease-of-use (PEOU)

Figure 2.3 Theexpectation – confirmation theory model (ECT)

2.4.4 Theory of Perceived Risk

Featherman and Pavou (2003) defined perceived risk is the human perception of possible losses when they pursue a specific goal

2.4.5 Integrated Models

2.4.5.1 Lee's Integrated Model (2009)

Figure 2.4 Lee's Integrated Model (2009)

Lee (2009) had integrated the TPB and TAM models while adding additional theoretical theories, risk awareness – the perception of benefits to formulate an integrated model that explaining the internet banking using intention of Taiwanese people's (See Figure 2.4) The integrated model has been successfully tested through quantitative research and the prefixes of both TAM and TPB models, such as perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), subjective norm (SN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC).They’re all contributed to the explain customer's attitude and intention in choosing to use internet banking

2.4.5.2 The integrated model of Bhattacherjee (2001)

Figure 2.5 Post-acceptance model

The post-acceptance model of Bhattacherjee (2001) has been verified by quantitative methods in research context both in terms of customer acceptance and retention to online banking services in

the United States The results of the study showed that Bhattacherjeehad successfully built the validation scale and integrated it appropriately along with TAM model to explain customer behavior

2.4.5.3 The integrated model of Liao et al (2007)

Figure 2.6 Integrated model by Liao et al (2007)

Author Liao and his associates had integrated the TPB and TAM theories to build a model to explain the intention of continuing to use the online learning system (e-learning) of the students in Taiwan (see Figure 2.6) The results of the study showed that the model was successfully built and confirmed with all the theories being supported, and the model had explained 70% for the intention of continuing to use the e-learning system of Taiwanese students

2.5 Relevant studies assessment and inheritance

First, through the examination of the relevant experimental studies, thesis found that the

study byWaqarAkram, Zakir Hussain, MH Sial and Ijaz Hussain (2008) has a wide range of suitable content in the purpose of study high-tech agriculture customer’s access to commercial bank credit capitals; and integrated with group discussions between experts in banking sectors, business owners, co-ops and farmer households This thesis created customer surveys on the demand of credit capitals for high-tech agriculture in Lam Dong Province, and used analysis tools and methods to point out issues in the process of accessing credit capital of high-tech agriculture customers

Second, from behavioral theories and from analyzing three integrated patterns of behavior, with

the spirit to inherit anddevelop further the direction studies of mentioned Bhatteacherjee (2001), Liao and Associates (2007) and Lee (2009), the author builds the theoretical research model as shown in Figure 2.7 below

Figure 2.7 Theoretical research model

In the research model, the final dependent variable of the model is the Behavioral intention (INT), the intermediate dependent variables are: Attitude (ATT) and Perceived of Usefulness (PU) Five independent variables of the model are: Perceived ease of use (EU); Perceived of Risk (RIS); Subjective norm (NOR); Cognitive Behavioral Control (PBC) and Confirmation (CONF) The result of above model can be present in following regression equations:

INT = α1 + β1ATT + β2NOR + β3CONF + β4PBC + Ɛ1

ATT = α2 + β5PU + β6EOU + β7CONF – β8RIS + Ɛ2

Two main research subjects are:

• The intention to grant high-tech agriculture credit of credit officer who has never done

high-tech agriculture credit contract before

• The intention to continue to grant high-tech agriculture credit of credit officer who

did the high-tech agriculture credit contract before

Conclusion of Chapter two

Chapter 2 introduces the theory of the commercial bank credit for high-tech agriculture and explains the theoretical concepts involved Based on analyzing and synthesizing previous research models and behavioral theories, a research direction on customer credit demand is formed, and a new theoretical research model is proposed The research methodology and testing of specific model will continue to be mentioned in Chapter 3

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODS

With the objective stated, the thesis has done two separate studies as follows:

3.1 The first research design

3.1.4 Building questionnaires

The closing questions use measurable scale that are inherited from the previous study of Akram and Hussain (2008) and other experts in the qualitative research

3.1.5 Data analysis methods

Use methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison and evaluation

3.2 The second research design