Nối tiếp nội dung của phần 1 cuốn sách Mạng thế hệ sau và tiến trình chuyển đổi, phần 2 cung cấp cho người học các kiến thức: Mạng đường trục của Việt Nam và tiến trình chuyển đổi sang mạng thế hệ sau, các dịch vụ trong mạng thế hệ sau. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo nội dung chi tiết.
Trang 1Dfe xay dung mang NGN thi xay dung ldp chuyfen tai (bao gom mang truyen ddn dudng true va mang chuyfen mach) la khau co y nghla quyet dinh nhat D o la nhung lap luan va sd cuf dfe thiet kfe va trien khai trfen tirng giai doan cho phu hop vdi dinh hudng cau true mang cua Viet Nam.
4.1 P H l/O N G H lfO N G PH A T T R IE N C U A M A N G T R U Y E N DAN D U O N G T R U C
4.1.1 C ac yeu to phat trien ve dung lupng m ang dudng true
a So lu on g ngudi s u d u n g tdn g
Ngay nay, veu cau vfe dung lupng da dat ra cho mang luon phai
d the siin sang cao do su tang dong thdi cua ca ba nhan to nay So lupng ngudi su dung Internet ngay mot tang vdi thdi gian truy cap tang va dung lupng tai theo yfeu c;\u cung ldn hon Tuy nhifen sd ngudi sir dung dien thoai lai tang cham nhung tcing so thdi gian sir dung difen thoai lai rat cao Cac nude dang phat trifen chu yeu gop phan vao sir tang trudng so ngudi sir dung dien thoai, trong khi do cac nude phat trifen lai gop phan chu yfeu vao tang Internet
C h ittin g 4
Trang 274 Mang the he sau va tien trinh chuyen <56
b B ang tan cua dich vu tdng
Ben canh so ngudi su dung tang thi cung can ti'nh den su tang
do rong bang tan cua cac ung dung D oi voi dien thoai chi can do
rong bang 64 kbit/s nhung doi vdi hoi nghi truyen hinh va dien
thoai thdy hinh thi do rong bang tan toi thifeu la 128 kbit/s Ban d^u Internet chu yeu dugc sir dung cho truyfen tfep va thu difen tir nhung
ngay nay yfeu cau truy nhap Internet toe do nhanh vai cac luong thong tin hinh anh va video Hien nay luu luong Internet tang hon
10 lan trong nam
c M uc do su du n g dich vu
Nhan to quan trong thu 3 anh hudng den nhu cau tang ciia dung luong truyfen dan do la tang thdi gian su dung dich vu ben canh yeu cau vfe dung luong dich vu se tang nfeu mang dap img dugc moi yfeu cau ciia khach hang
Nhu vay, van dfe quan trong nhat dfe phat trien mang la moi mot quoc gia can co mot su phat trifen mang ciia minh ca ve quy
mo mang va cong nghe Trong qua trinh phat trifen m ang vifec nang cap va xay dung mdi mang truyfen dan ma trong do mang chusfen tai la muc tieu quan trong nham thoa man chuyfen tai luu luong tang vdi toe do nhanh nhu hien nay Hon the nua vifec xav dung mang dudng true con phai bao dam su linh hoat va an toan cho moi luu lugng Qua trinh trifen khai xay dung cac cau true mang cung phai tinh den 16 trinh chung ciia vifec phat trien mang sao cho viec khai thac va quan ly mang phai co hieu qua trong suot tien trinh phat trien ciia mang
4.1.2 Q ua trinh phat trien m ang truyen dan
Cong nghe truyfen d an da co su thay doi qua cac giai doan: tir tuong tu sang sd tu phan cap can dong bo (PDH) sang phan cap so
Trang 3Chuong 4: Mang dudng true cua Viet Nam va. 75
dong bo (S D H ) va gdn d a y la tu S D H sang W D M Mot cau true mang moi ra d d i dfe h6 tro va tuong thich hoan toan vdi cong nghe
cu thi cdng nghe chuyen mach mdi phai trung vdi the he cong nghe truyfen d a n trudc
a C d n g nghe W D M
Toe do tang trudng ciia dung lupng dudng truyen ciia mot cong nghe ma khong thoa man nhu cau dung lupng nua, thi cong nghe mdi tiep theo se xuat hien Ngay nay cong nghe W D M la cong nghe dupe xem nhu day hira hen Trong tuong lai, cong nghe
W D M se phat trifen hon dac biet khi ket hop vdi cac ky thuat xir ly tin hieu quang nhu ghep kfenh theo thdi gian quang (OTDM), chuyen mach goi quang cung vdi cac tram lap quang 3R (Repeater)
se m d rong do trong suot ciia mang Tir do ta cang nhan tha'y do uu vifet ciia cong nghe W D M
X a y dung mang N G N sir dung ghep kfenh theo budc song
W D M co nhung uu diem:
+ Tan dung trifet dfe bang tan ciia cap spi quang;
+ Tao ra mot m ang truyen d an linh hoat dfe tien tdi mang truyfen d an quang OTN
+ Thiet bi W D M ngay cang dupe cai thifen dfe tang dung lupng truyen dan trfen mot spi quang
N hd su n6 lire trong nghifen euru vfe cong nghe W D M gan day
da cho cac ket qua mdi va dung lupng ngay cang cao hon Mot trong nhung kfet qua dpt pha co tinh quyfe't dinh ciia cong nghe
W D M dat dupe la giam chi phi thifet bi W D M xuong 10 lan chi trong 4 nam
b C o n g nghe O T D M
Ngoai cong nghe W'DM la cong nghe chu dao trong mang chuyfen tai NGN trong tien trinh phat trien ciia m ang can chu y tdi
Trang 476 Mang the he sau va tien trinh chuyen <J6
cong nghe truyen dan ghep kenh quang theo thdi gian (OTDM) Mac du cong nghe W D M ngay nay rat hieu qua trong viec nang cao dung lupng, nhung cdng nghe O T D M hien dang dupe phat trien cung dong mot vai tro chinh de khai thac den cuc dai bang tan WDM Su ket hop cua hai cong nghe nay co Ic se m d rong hem nua gidi han dung lupng
4.1.3 Cau true m ang truyen dan
Qua trinh xay dung m ang truyfen dan NGN ap dung cong nghe
W DM cho tuyen diem - difem dfe nang dung lupng Tuyfen diem - diem dung lupng cao chi la budc ddu tifen trong qua trinh khai thac cong nghe W DM Cac m ang Ring va Mesh W D M su dung cac bo noi chfeo quang (ODXC) va bo ghep kfenh xen re quang (OADM) tao nen budc tiep theo trong xu hudng phat trien tdi mang photonic (hoan toan quang) dung lupng sifeu cao Cac thiet bi nay can co cac thanh phan quang trong cau true cua chung de cung cap cac noi ket giua cac c6ng dau vao va dau ra trong qua trinh truyen dan liru lupng cua mang NGN Tuy thuoc vao cach tiep can va kien true dupe su dung ma can co cac bo loc co thfe difeu chinh cac bo chuyfen doi budc song, cac bo xen re, cac bo to hop cac bo chuyen tiep budc song Tiep dfen la can co cac bo ngu6n bo tach quang
bo khufech dai quang va bo ghep/tach kfenh quang MUX/DEMUX) dfe tao nen tuyfen quang hoan chinh
Vdi cong nghe SDH, khi xay dung cac mang quang can co su quan tam ve ki'ch cd cua mang do ban chat tuong tu cua tin hieu quang Rat nhieu cac thanh phan cua mang quang cot tin hieu di qua theo kieu tin hieu tuong tu (analog) Tuy nhien cac ham truyen dat cua cac thanh phan nay khong ly tudng va vi vay chung lam suv giam chat lupng cua tin hieu khi di qua Trong cac he thong
W D M con xav ra tuong tac da kenh cac hieu ung phi tuyen lam
Trang 5Chuong 4: Mang dudng true cua Viet Nam va. 77
suy giam tin hieu khi truyfen qua spi Vi vay co thfe dinh nghla do dai thong suot la do dai ma qua do tm hieu quang co the dupe truyfen trung thuc ma khong co bat cu chuyen doi difen nao
Xu hudng tien tdi m ang toan quang
Xu hitting
phat trien cong nghe
Ring WDM ket noi day du
Ring WDM ket noi tap trung
OADM /. _./i'mvfcs s .
\oADM A - -,'-,-iOADM / [TTTT \ ' r '^ ^ Y J T U T J^oadm^ ^oadm/TTTT
OADM I
TTT
\ o a d m / ; J lo a d m / iTTTl \ / 17TTT
r - W
\ OADM OADM / Truyen dan WDM chuoi co OADM TTTT
D-O^oadm/ ^ oadm/ - ^ ]
TTTTT TTTTT
Truyen dan WDM diem - diem
\ o a d m / TTTTT
H'uih 4.1: Can true mang
Trang 678 Mang the he sau va tien trinh chuyen <36
Hinh 4.1 chi ra xu hirdng phat trifen co thfe cua m ang photonic (mang toan quang) tuong ung voi xu hudng phat trien cdng nghe cua cac khoi co ban De xay dung nfen mot mang chuyfen tai hoan toan quang kha thi va co loi ve kinh te thi ngoai thach thuc ban diu vfe cong nghe dudng truyen quang chat luong cao, cac bo noi cheo,
va cac nut chuyfen mach quang thi con can phai vupt qua thach thuc vfe cau true mang Cac thanh phan ca'u true co ban do la cac topo Ring va Mesh va co thfe t6 hop theo vai cach nh u ket hop Ring/Mesh, phan cap da Ring
Ngoai vifec xem xet cong nghe, cac thanh phan ca'u tao dudng truyfen quang va cau true mang thi cung can phai xem xet den h£ thdng bao hieu va giam sat Khi xay dung m ang thi cung can co su giam sat xem cai gi se xay ra d trong mang Trong khi khai thac chac chan se gap phai cac su kien dupe du ti'nh trudc va cac sir kien khong xac dinh trudc, doi khi khong mong muon Do do c£n co he thong bao hifeu va giam sat cho mang So vdi mang SDH thi co rit nhieu van de can phai dupe de cap trong m ang W D M
Rao can quan trong tiep theo can vupt qua do la phat trifen mot
mo hinh thong tin hieu qua de tri'ch va xu ly tat ca cac trudng thong tin nhan tir mang Cac thu nghiem gan day da chi ra rang ap dung
th in g cach tiep can mo hinh phan ldp dupe phat trifen cho mang SDH da nay sinh ra mot sd van de ddi vdi m ang W D M
a Cau true m ang qu an g trong tuon g lai
Muc tieu ro rang cua cac mang chuyfen tai N G N hien dai do la cang ho tro nhieu khach hang cang tot va dam bao hieu qua ve chi phi va an toan trong tuong lai Mot trong nhung ly do dfe chap nhan mang truyen dan W D M do la do thong suot cua mang
Trang 7Zhaong 4: Mang duong true cua Viet Nam va. 79
Giao dien quang md
WDM
Hinh 4.2: Cac ldp kliacli hang tren lap truyen dan quang WDM
Tren co sd cau true phan lop cua mang truyen dan quang theo nhu cau dich vu va cong nghe nhu tren, co the xay dung cau true vat ly mang truyen d i n q uang n h u sau
b M an g truy nh ap
- Trien khai spi quang trong mang phi-do (phan tu tdng dai den
bo M U X /tap trung) cang gan tdi khach hang dan cu cang tot de’ phan re bang cap dong co the’ sir dung cong nghe ADSL
- T uong tu trong m ang lai cap quang va d6ng true thi phan spi quang cang den gan thue bao dan cu cang tot de phuc vu mot so nho hem thue bao bang cau true mang cap dong true hinh cay
- Truy nhap cap don g se dan thay the bang truy nhap cap quang, vi du giai phap lai giua FTTC va cong nghe VDSL cho phep toe do dudng xuong len tdi 50 Mbit/s
Trang 880 Mang the he sau va tien tnnh chuy&i ttf
(SDH ATM
WDM IP)
10 Mbit/s 50 Mbit/s
Hinh 4.3: H udng phut trien ciia m ang truy nhap va mang ch u \e n tai
- Khi nhu can theo du bao den nam 2010 la 100 Mbit/s cho mot khach hang, thi sc yeu cau dudng truy nhap quang true tiep den thue bao (FTTH) Xu hudng nay cho thay it nhat 90% mang truy nhap la cap quang trong khi chi co 10% la cap dong d thdi
diem c!6.
Trang 9Chi/ang 4: Mang dudng true cua Viet Nam va. 81
- Ngoai cac co che truy nhap co dinh nay, thi truy nhap vo tuyen
co the se tiep tuc tang trudng va dap umg cac nhu cau khae ve mang
c M a n g ch uyen tdi
M ang chuyen tai se dap ung chuc nang la truyfen tong luu lupng phat ra tu mang truy nhap Qua phan tich va nghifen cuu cua cac nude, co mot sd danh gia da chi ra rang dung lupng dudng truyen co the dat cd 1 Tbit/s vao nam 2010 va tang lfen dfen 10 Tbit/s vao nam
2015 Hien nay rat nhieu mang dang phat trifen theo kien true SDH gom cd topo M esh vdi cac DX C ket noi cac Ring
Dung lupng dudng truyen dudng true hien nay dang dupe nang cap bang W D M va tdng dung lupng la 32x10 Gbit/s se la kha thi trong trong tuong lai gan De nang cap m ang mot cach kinh tfe hon nua thi can tha'y dupe ldp m ang truyen dan quang W D M se tuong
tu nhu SDH N h u hinh 4.3, ta cd mang topo M esh vdi cac bo noi cheo quang ket noi cac vong Ring quang Phfa bfen phai cua so do chi ra mot hirdng hoi khae do la cdng nghe truyfen dan kieu goi bao gom cac bo noi cheo goi Ldp truyfen d i n quang do ti'nh trong suot
ma cd the dirpc sir dung de dap ung truyfen dan cac goi nay vdi dung lupng cao va khoang cach dai
Tom lai, rat kho dir bao chinh xac xu thfe phat trifen mang truy nhap va m ang chuyen tai vi cd mot sd ly do lam m d rong toe do thay doi cdng nghe nhu xu hudng tu do hoa va canh tranh trong cdng nghifep vifen thdng va cdng nghe thdng tin Vifec quang hoa mang truyen dan se ngay cang tham nhap vao mang, nhung no xay
ra vao thdi difem nao thi chua biet chac chan dupe
Cd mot dieu dang luu y la cd den 80% chi phi mang nam d trong phan truy nhap, do vay hudng nao m a lam tdi thieu chi phi qua do se rat hap dan Vi lv do nay, giai phap FTTx cung vdi ky thuat xDSL cd ve hap dan cho phep td hop thich hop phan phi-do
Trang 1082 Mang the he sau va tien tnnh chuySn d6i
bang cap quang va phan phan bo bang cap dong de d ap tirng dupe nhu cau dung lupng Cac ky thuat cap quang - cap dong true va vo tuyen cung rat hap dan
Trong mang truyen dan, su phat trien cua W D M se tao thuan lpi cho phat trifen den ldp mang truyen dan hoan toan quang Ldp nay co the bao gom cac Ring quang noi ket bang cac bo noi cheo quang Cau true nay se dap ung dupe nhu cau dung lupng tang len Terabit du bao trong nhung nam 2020
4.2 G IA I PH A P N A N G C A P M A N G T R U Y E N D A N DUONG
TR UC Q U O C GIA TIEN T O l M A NG TH E HE SAU (NGN)
T u xu the phat trien mang, viec xay dung cau true mang truyen dan dudng true cua mang vifen thong Viet Nam dupe xac dinh nhu sau
4.2.1 Cau true m ang truyen d in dudng true hien tai
- M ang truyen dan dudng true quoc gia hien tai dang khai thac dupe xay dung trfen co sd cac tuyfen truyfen dan quang cong nghe SDH va cac tuyfen vi ba
- Cau true dang Ring va Mesh la chu yfeu Tuy n'.uen trong mang lifen tinh, cac tuyfen thang diem - difem van con dang kfe
- Tuyfen dudng true Bac - Nam la tuyen truyfen dan 2.5 Gbit/s
la sir kfet hop cua hai tuyfen cap spi don mot theo dudng 1A va dudng difen lire 500 kV
4.2.2 D inh hudng xay dung m ang truyen dan dudng true
quoc gia
Dinh hudng vifec nang ca’p mang truyfen dan dudng true quoc gia nen dupe tifen hanh lam 2 giai doan:
Trang 11Chuong 4: Mang dudng true cua Viet Nam va. 83
- G iai doan /: Tiep tuc str dung cong nghe SDH ket hop vdi
cong nghe W DM Thuc hien cai tao va nang cap cong nghe SDH dfe san sang dap ung vifec chuyen tai cac luu luong IP, ATM
- G iai doan 2: Tifen hanh xay dung mang chuyen tai dua trfen
OTN Cuoi cung la thuc hien truyen true tiep luu luong IP/MPLS qua spi quang
XSy dung mang truyen dan dupe bam sat theo cau true mang PSTN cd to chuc thanh cac vung luu lupng vdi muc tifeu tang nang lire mang Toll hien co giai doan 2001-2005 nhu sau:
+ Trang bi mdi tong dai Toll HDG, Toll DGN2
+ Thay the cac tdng dai TDM kieu cu bang he thdng tong dai cong nghe mdi dam bao day du cac ti'nh nang can thifet.+ M d rong nut tong dai Toll Ha Noi, TP Ho Chi' Minh
Hd Not N in g TP H6 Chi Minh
Hinh 4.4: Cau true chuyen much PSTN giai doan 2000-2005
Trfen c o sd do thuc hien xay dung mang truyen dan theo:
Trang 1284 Mang the he sau va tien trinh chuySn d6
a P h an vung luu luong
Cau true mang the he sau dupe xay dung dua tren nhung vung luu lupng Phan vung luu luong va d ua vao phan b6 thue bao theo vung dia ly, khong to chuc theo dia ban hanh chinh
b To chuc la p ting du n g va dich vu
Ldp ung dung va dich vu dupe to churc thanh mot cap cho toan
m ang nham dam bao cung cap dich vu den tan nha thue bao mot cach thong nhat va dong bo So lupng nut ung dung va djch vu phu thuoc vao luu lupng dich vu, so lupng va loai hinh dich vu, va dupe
to chuc thanh cap (Plane A&B), phan tan theo dich vu nham dam bao tm h an toan he thong
Nut ung dung va dich vu dupe ket noi d muc Gigabit Ethernet 1+1 vdi nut dieu khien dat tai cac Trung tam m ang N G N d Ha Noi
va TP H6 Chi Minh
c To chuc lap dieu khien
Ldp difeu khien co chuc nang dieu khien ldp chuyen tai va ldp truy nhap cung cap cac dich vu cua mang NGN, g6m nhieu mo- dun nh u mo-dun dieu khien ket noi A TM , dieu khien dinh tuyen ket noi IP, dieu khien ket noi cuoc goi thoai, bao hieu sd 7 Ldp dieu khien dupe t6 churc thanh 2 cap cho toan mang thay vi co 4 cap nhu trudc day va dupe phan theo cac vung luu lupng
Sd lupng nut dieu khien phu thuoc vao luu luong cua tirng vung
va dupe to churc thanh cap (mat phang A&B) nham bao dam tinh an toan cho he thdng M6i nut dieu khien dupe ke't noi vdi mot cap nut chuyen m ach A TM +IP dudng true
d To chuc l&p chuyen tdi
Ldp chuyen tai phai co kha nang chuyen tai ca hai loai luu lupng A TM va IP dupe t6 chuc thanh hai cap: dudng true quoc gia
va cap vung thay vi 4 cap nhu nam 2000
Trang 13Chuong 4: Mang dudng true cua Viet Nam va. 85
+ C ap dudng true quoc gia: gom toan bo cac nut chuyfen mach
dudng true (Core A TM +IP) va cac tuyen truyen d in duong true dupe to churc thanh hai mat p h in g A&B, ket noi cheo giua cac nut dudng true tdi thieu la 2,5 Gbit/s
+ C ap vung: gom toan bo cac nut chuyfen mach (ATM+IP), cac
bo tap trung A TM noi vung bao dam vifec chuyfen mach cuoc goi noi vung va tir vung nay sang vung khae Cac nut chuyfen mach (ATM+IP) noi vung dupe kfet noi d muc tdi thieu 155 Mbit/s lfen ca hai mat chuyen mach cap true qudc gia qua cac tuyen truyen d in noi vung Cac bo tap trung ATM dupe ket noi d muc tdi thifeu lfen cac nut chuyen mach (ATM+IP) noi vung va d muc tdi thifeu nxE l vdi cac bo truy nhap
Cac nut chuyen mach A TM +IP noi vung dupe dat tai vi tri cac tong dai Host hien nay va dupe kfet noi true tiep vdi nhau thong qua cac cong quang cua nut ATM+IP, sir dung cac spi quang hien co trong tuyen mach vong spi quang cua mang noi vung Cac nut chuyfen mach A TM + IP noi vung phai tich hop ti'nh nang Broadband RAS n h im thuc hien churc nang diem truy nhap IP POP bang rong cho cac thufe bao xDSL
Sd lupng va quv mo cac nut chuyen mach A TM +IP ciia mot viing trong giai doan dau phu thuoc vao nhu cau dich vu tai vung do.Cac bo tap trung ATM co nhiem vu tap trung cac luong E l le thanh luong A TM 155 Mbit/s Cac bo tap trung ATM dupe dat tai cac nut truyen d i n noi tinh Sd lupng va quy mo tap trung ATM phu thuoc vao sd nut truy nhap va sd thufe bao ciia nut truy nhap
e To chuc lop truy nhap
Ldp truy nhap gom toan bo cac nut truy nhap dupe t6 chuc khong phu thuoc theo dia gidi hanh chmh Cac nut truy nhap cua
Trang 1486 Mang the he sau va tien tnnh chuy6n <36\
cac vung luu luong chi duac ket noi den nut chuyen m ach dudng true (qua cac nut chuyfen mach noi viing) cua vung do ma khong dupe ket noi dfen nut dudng true cua vung khae
Cac kfenh kfet noi nut truy nhap vdi cac nut chuyfen mach noi vung
co toe do phu thuoc vao sd luong thufe bao tai nut it nhat la nxEl.Cac thiet bi truy nhap the he sau phai co kha nang cung tap cong dich vu POTS VoIP IP ATM FR X.25 IP-VPN xDSL
4.2.3 X ay dung m ang truyen dan dudng true quoc gia tien tdi
NG N
a C au tru e m a n g
Vifec xay dung mang truyen dan dudng true quoc gia phai dua tren nguyen tac chung va cau true ldp chuyfen tai cua qua trinh phat trien mang NGN nham muc tieu dat duac mang truvfen dan do chuyfen tai luu luong ldn thong suot doc quoc gia tien tdi NGN Vi vav cau true cua mang truyen d i n co the duac xay dung dua tren
co sd mang hinh 4.5
Trong cau true mang truyfen d in co su ke thua cua cau true mang hien tai va cac cong nghe dang sir dung Do do van tan dung cau hinh Ring cap trong viec xav dung mang Cac thiet hi truyen dan tren tuyen truyen dan dudng true la cac thiet hi du manh ve nang lire de bao dam thong suot luu luong cao va phu hctp vdi cau hinh hao an luong
b M o i tru d n g tru yen dan
De xay dung mang truyen dan dudng true quoc gia hai hinh thuc truyfen dan chinh duac ap dung cho mang la: truvfen dan cap quang va truyen dan vi ha
Trang 15Chuong 4: Mang dudng true cua Viet Nam va. 87
- Vi ba: Cac tuyen vi ba chi la tan dung cac tuyen hien co (toe
dp 140 Mbit/s hien nay) Khong xay dung cac tuyen vi ba moi trong thdi gian nang cap len NGN
- C ap quang: Cac tuyen cap quang tiep tuc dupe xay dung mdi
bdi vi chi co cac tuyen cap spi quang mdi du nang luc va hoan toan phu hop vdi yeu cau cua mang chuyen tai trong tuong lai Cac dac die’m cua cac tuven cap quang:
- Bang tan rong len tdi 200 THz chinh day la moi trudng truyen d i n ly tudng cho su bung no dich vu mdi
Trang 1688 Mang the he sau va tien tnnh chuyen d6i
- Bang tin rong len tdi 200 THz chinh day la moi trudng
truyfen d in ly tirdng cho su bung no dich vu mdi
- Suy hao nho tao ra cac cu ly truyen d i n xa it phai d i u tu cac tram lap hay khufech dai va rat phu hop vdi khoang cach giua cac dia ban tinh thanh d nude ta vdi toe dp lu6ng 2,5 den 10 Gbit/s
- C h it lupng dich vu cao la yeu c iu ldn cua m an g chuyfen tai se dupe cac tuyen truyfen d i n cap quang dap ung
- Truyfen d i n cap quang hien la cong nghe tifen tien nhit va cung v in dang tifem tang phat trien, thfe hien tinh linh hoat m d rong cho cong nghe hien dai
- Da dupe khai thac pho bifen d nude ta Nhieu tuyfen da dupe khai thac co hieu qua, do tin cay cao, dac biet cho cac tuyfen dudng true va lien tinh
- D iu tu hop ly va co hieu qua trong mang dudng true
c C on g ng h e tru yen dan
Vfe cong nghe truyfen d in , trfen co sd xu hudng phat trien chung ciia mang NGN va c i c dac thu cua c i c cong nghfe truyfen din, mang dudng true quoc gia c i n phai duac xav dung trfen nen tang cong nghe SDH va cong nghfe quang W DM
c l Cdng nglie SDH
U u difem:
- Cong nghfe truyen d i n quang SDH da dupe su dung thanh cong trong cac c i u true don kfenh
- Kha nang giam sat quan ly bang tan kha tot
- Phu hop vdi dich vu thoai va thue kfenh rieng
- C a chfe du phdng phuc hoi an toan mang
Trang 17Chuong 4: Mang dudng true cua Viet Nam va. 89
- Bang tan sai quang rat ldn.
- Khong han che trong viec m d rong mang va quan ly khi bung
no djch vu mdi (dac biet khi ket hop vdi SDH): M d rong mang thong qua viec them kenh quang (W D M , OTDM ), khong b it buoc phai lap dat mdi cap va he thdng
- Djnh tuyen mang thong qua dieu khien cac kenh quang
N hifoc diem:
- G iam sat, quan ly kenh quang con bat cap
- Kha nang phuc hoi nhanh chong cua kenh quang chua hoan thifen
4.2.4 Tien trinh chuyen doi mang truyen dan NGN cua Viet Nam
Viec xay dung cau true mang truyen dan quoc gia dugc tien hanh theo 2 giai doan n h u sau:
I) G iai doan 1 (2001-2005)
a C an true
- Hoan thanh nang cap mang cap quang dudng true Bdc-Nam
len 20 G H z bang viec su dung ky thuat W DM difem noi difem
Trang 1890 Mang the he sau va tien trinh chuySn d6i
(diem-diem W D M ) vdi so kenh quang la 8 budc song, tdc do STM-
16 cho moi mot kenh Mang dudng true quoc gia gom 4 vong King (W D M ) tdc do 20 Gbit/s do la vong 6, 7, 8, 9
- Hoan thien tuyen cap quang doc dudng Ho Chi Minh theo tien do hoan thanh tuyen dudng cua Bo Giao thong Van tai
- Cau true m ang dudng true se gom 6 vong Ring SDH dupe ket noi vdi nhau v in bang cac thiet bi noi cheo sd DXC bao dam an toan cho cau hinh bao an luong SDH trong mang chuyen tai TDM Dang hoan thien Ring thur 6 tu TP HCM qua My Tho Can Tho va khep kin tai TP HCM
- Cac dia ban co luu lupng ldn di qua v in giu cac thiet bi xen
re ADM
- Tuyen tren dudng day 500 kV chuyen sang cau true theo tuyen thin g, va du phong cho mang
- Chuan bi tien hanh tuyen cap q uang bien Bic-Nam
Cau true va ket noi mang true quoc gia vdi mang truy nhap tientdi NGN
Muc tieu nham hoan thien kha nang sir dung SDH va co the thuc hien chuyfen tai IP ATM va m d rong luu lupng truyfen d in vakha nang chuyen tai cua SDH
N han x e t: Day co the coi la giai doan trung gian dfe c h uin bi
tien tdi mang OTN theo NGN
b Phan tich can trite m ang
- Trfen mang dudng true, vi tri cac nut truyfen d i n dudng true
can bo tri tai cac nut chuyfen mach quoc gia va quoc tfe
- Trfen m ang noi hat cac nut truyen dan noi hat du<K bo tri tai cac nut chuyen mach noi hat cac dia difem tap trung xen re chuven doi luong va cac difem co hirdng phat trien manh
Trang 19Chuong 4: Mang dudng true cua Viet Nam va. 91
- Cac diem truy nhap trong mang truy nhap dupe bo tri tai cac nut truy nhap va cac diem co su tap trung, thay d6i luu lupng
- Loai difem ket noi bao gom: true-true, truc-noi hat noi hat- noi hat va noi hat-truy nhap
- T hu tu viec nang cap hoan thien cong nghe SDH can uu tien theo:
+ Ket noi giua cac difem xen re va kfet noi trfen cac Ring SDH trfen tuyfen true
+ Kfet noi giua cac difem xen re trfen Ring SDH noi hat va giua noi hat vdi tuyfen true
+ Cac Ring dupe hoan thien theo nguvfen tac Ring 4 spi
2) G iai doan 2 (2005-2015)
Trong giai doan nav, can phai xay dung dupe mang truyfen d in dudng true vdi cac life thdng sir dung ky thuat Loop W D M kfet hop vdi cong nghfe Ring SDH
- He thdng sir dung ky thuat Loop W D M bao trum lfen mang chuven tai SDH de tao ra OTN So kfenh quang la dii va can b in g 8 budc song, tdc do S T M -16 cho m6i kfenh
- Cau true gom 6 vong Ring dupe kfet noi vdi nhau bang cac thiet bi O D X C de thuc hien dinh tuyfen luong quang tuy nhien budc dau khong nhat thifet phai trang bi hoan toan ODXC
Trang 2092 Mang the he sau va tien tnnh chuySn d6
- Cac dia ban co liru lupng ldn di qua duoc trang bi thong nhit cac thiet bi xen re O A D M
- Tuyen tren duong day 500 kV chuyfen sang cau true du phong theo tuyfen th in g kfet noi qua ODXC
Cau true va kfet noi m ang true quoc gia O TN vdi mang truy nhap trong NGN
Muc tifeu la tao ra m ang truyen d i n duong true OTN trongmang NGN
Thuyfet minh nguyfen tic kfet noi cau true mang
Day duoc coi la giai doan cuoi cung dfe co mang OTN dap umg NGN
- Cac thifet bi O DXC dupe dung trong c iu true mang dfe dinh tuyfen lu6ng va tao su thong suot trong vai tro chuyfen tai tai diem kfet cuoi mach vong W DM
- Cac trung kfe noi hat tai 3 thanh pho Ion: Ha Noi TP Ho Chf Minh va Da N in g co the duoc ket noi voi mang true thong qua
O D X C khi Ring noi hat duoc nang ca'p bang W D M voi cac luong quang can b in g voi mang true
- Mang Ring SDH tai m ang lap noi hat sir dung 4 sai vcri dung luong tuong duong toe dp < 2,5 Gbit/s Khi Ring noi hat dupe nang cap lfen W D M d giai doan nay, vifec xen re kfenh thong qua OADM
de thuc hien dinh tuyen va bao an lu6ng quang
- Khi cac mang true, noi hat va vifec kfet noi d trong va giura chung thong qua luong tin hieu quang trong giai doan nay chinh la
su ra ddi OTN cho NGN
3) To chuc m ang du d n g true co tinh den thong tin ve tin h noi dia
M ang thong tin vfe tinh noi dia Viet Nam trong tuong lai se dap ung nhu cau thong tin cho mang vifen thong N hu v j \ sfe co tie
Trang 21Chuong 4: Mang di/dng true cua Viet Nam va. 93
dong toi cau hinh mang duong true Trong trudng hop nay, mang dupe m o ta nhu sau:
Cac tram mat dat cua mang thong tin ve tinh duong true se dupe dat tai cac thanh pho va trung tam cua cac tinh Lon n im tren duong true thong tin Bic - Nam M6i tram dfeu co cac cong dau noi
ra tong dai PSTN tai tinh do D ung lupng cua cac tram dupe phan
bo nhu to hop cac kenh 32 kbit/s theo ma hoa ADPCM
Cau hinh mang thong tin ve tinh nhu sau:
- M ang thong tin ve tinh duong true dong vai tro du phong va phan tai luru lupng cho mang dudng true hien tai, do vay mang dupe to chuc theo cau true m ang ludi dam bao thuc hien cac kenh dau noi true tiep gitra cac tram vdi nhau Cac tram se dung chung theo phuong thuc da truy nhap TD M A co dung lupng b in g tong dung lupng mang
- M ang thong tin ve tinh cung se h6 trp truyfen d i n lifen tinh
N hu vay, trong truong hop tinh ca den thong tin vfe tinh thi mang truyfen d i n duong true quoc gia se co cau hinh m i t luoi Dieu nay phu hop voi xu the chung cua tien trinh phat trifen m ang da dupe gidi thifeu d p h in trfen
4.2.5 Lo trinh nang cap mang truyen dan duong true tien tdi NGN
4.2.5.1 N guyen tdc co ban
Hien nay c iu true mang chuyen tai VNPT dua trfen cong nghfe SDH Khi nang cap m ang lfen he thdng dung lupng cao hon thi vifec duy tri tinh hien tai va c iu true cua mang la mot trong nhung yfeu
c iu r it quan trong Do do, c iu true mang d lop vat ly cap spi quang thudng it thay doi va dupe coi nhu da x ic dinh nhu d trfen
Trong q u i trinh chuyfen ddi, c in phai tuan theo cac yfeu c iu sau:
Trang 2294 Mang the he sau va tien trinh chuySn d6t
- Khong lam anh huong tdi viec cung cap cac dich vu vien thong
- Viec chuyfen doi phai thuc hien theo su uu tien ve nhu cau thi trudng va thuc hien thong qua tung budc
- Chu y vifec phan tai luu luong dich vu, dac biet la Internet
- Bao dam cung cap dich vu truy nh&p bang rong tai cac thanh pho ldn nhu H a Noi, TP Ho Chi Minh, D a Nang, va tiep theo la mot sd thanh pho khae
- Bao dam nguyfen tic hoan von
Ve nguyfen tdc chung can thuc hien nhu sau:
- Phai tuan thu vifec chuyen doi tirng budc
- l / u tifen mang dudng true va lifen tinh trudc nham trudc mat dap ung cac nhu cau vfe thoai va truyfen sd lifeu lifen tinh
- Phat huy hieu qua sir dung nang luc cac tuyen truyen dan dudng true, dac biet la cac tuyfen cap quang
- Thuc hien co trong difem ddi vdi cac m ang noi tinh uu tien cac thanh pho va tinh thanh co nhu cdu nhifeu ve truyen sd lieu, Internet va cac dich vu bang rong
- Tiep tuc uu tien xay dung mdi cac tuyfen truyen dan quang, nang cap cac tuyfen hien co de du sire tiep can vdi mang NGN Ngimg trang bi mdi cac he thdng truyfen d i n vi ba
- Can xem xet cac he thdng thifet bi truyfen dan mdi theo hudng dap ung yfeu cau cho mang trong tuong lai, cho kha nang m d rong nang cap thuan loi
Trong phan nav vifec to chuc xay dung mang dfe mang lai hieu qua duoc xac dinh bao gom: sir dung mang Ring W D M trfen nen cap soi quang nhu the nao va ket hop cong nghe Ring ao SDH va cac cong nghe IP trong tuong lai khi trien khai trfen nfen W D M nhu
Trang 23Chuong 4: Mang dudng true cua Viet Nam va. 95
the nao cho hieu qua Vi vay, co the dua ra mot so nguyen tac chuyen doi cong nghe chu yeu sau:
- Ap dung phuong an he thong dudng true da ldp, trong do:+ Ldp cao nhat (m ang dudng true): la ldp cao n h it thu nhan luu luong truyfen giua Ha Noi, Da N in g , Quy Nhan, Nha Trang va Ho Chf Minh
+ Ldp giua (m ang noi vung): La ldp giua m d rong mang SDH tdi 64 tinh thanh trong ca nude
+ Ldp thap nhat: La ldp thu nhan luu luong gitra cac P&T va truyen luu luong nay tdi ldp giua
- M d rong co cau dau vong: Co cau d iu vong vdi cong nghfe SDH trfen soi quang la mot cau hinh co ban va quang trong trong mang sd
- Ap dung cong nghfe W D M co dung luong truyen d i n ldn Trong thdi gian g i n day W D M dang duoc gidi thifeu chu yfeu d
My He thdng nay nang cao dung luong truyen d i n trfen mot soi quang, hien tai co thfe truyen duoc tdi 40 Gbit/s (16xSTM-16) va trong tuong lai khong xa la truyfen duoc dung luong tdi 400 Gbit/s
U u difem cua W D M la kha nang tang dung luong trfen soi hien co
m i khong c i n phai lap dat thfem soi mdi H iu hfet luu luong duoc truyfen trfen dudng true nfen W D M la giai phap thich hop n h it cho mang dudng true Vdi nhung uu difem cua cong nghfe W D M vifec lua chon c i u true m ang su dung IP/SDH/W DM nhu trfen la mot phuong an thich hop cho mang dudng true Viet Nam
4.2.5.2 Lo trinh n an g cap m ang
a) Giai doan I :
Day la giai doan dua trfen c iu true va hien trang mang hien tai
la chu yfeu dfe thuc hien vifec nang c i p bo sung ca ve chuc nang
Trang 2496 Mang the he sau va tien tnnh chuyen <J&
thiet bi va kha nang truyen d i n dap umg nhu cau tang luu lugnghien tai va trong cac nam toi
Viet Nam dang trong qua trinh phat trifen m ang NGN cua minh Giai doan 1 duoc chia thanh 2 budc Budc 1 vua kfet thuc vao dau nam 2004 voi vifec trifen khai rong rai mang truy nhap su dung cong nghfe ADSL va mang loi Chung ta dang b it kip vdi tdc do phat trifen chung cua cac nude trfen thfe gidi va trong khu vuc Voi cach tiep can phat trien ADSL, sau do xay dung m ang chuyen tai
va cung cap cac dich vu trfen nen mang NGN l i rit hop ly
C an hinh:
- G iu nguyfen c iu hinh mang truyen d i n dudng true nhu hien
co ddi vdi cac tuyfen truyfen dan dang khai th ic
- Xay dimg tuyfen cap doc theo dudng Ho Chf Minh va hoan thanh tuyfen nay sdm de kip dua vao khai th ic , va hinh thanh co so mang true mdi
- Tao vong Ring thu 5 trfen co sd 4 vong Ring hien co Dong thdi tao vong Ring thu 6 tu TP H6 Chi Minh qua My Tho Cin Tho Co the coi vong Ring thu 6 nay thuoc mot trong cac Ring khu vuc phia Nam
- Cd the tiep tuc khai thac cac vong Ring hien tai
Th iet bi:
- C h u in bi cac phuong an nang cap thiet bi: Nang cap hoan thien cac chuc nang he thdng thiet bi vdi cong nghe SDH Xem xet cac tinh nang ky thuat cua thiet bi, dac biet l i cac tinh nang co ban
de co nhan xet cu the trong cac ung dung khai thac tiep theo
- Dua them cac mo-dun xu ly luu lugng kife’u goi (IP va ATM) Trong giai doan nay trudc het can co khao sat de kfet luan vfe chuc nang chuyen tai IP va A TM cua he thdng thiet bi ghep kenh TDM
Trang 25Chuong 4: Mang duong true cua Viet Nam va. 97
roi tien hanh nang ca'p Nhin chung, giai phap tot nhat la ket noi them cac thiet bi hoac thay the hoan toan thiet bi nfeu can thiet Viec can thifep true tiep vao thiet bi khong bao dam tinh phu hop ca vfe ky thuat va tinh hieu qua cua no
- Cac m o-dun xu ly nay chi them vao tai nhung noi co nhu cau xen re luu lupng goi
- Ket noi cac vong Ring bang thiet bi DXC de bao dam hoan thien cac chuc nang bao an cua cong nghe truyfen dan SDH dupe xay dung trfen co so ca'u hinh Ring
Budc 2 tien hanh cac cong vifec nham chuan bi nang lire cho mang truyen dan du dfe c h u in bi cho giai doan nang cap va xay dung mang thfe he sau N GN Vi vay co the thuc hien nhu sau:
Can hinh:
- Hoan thanh xay dung ca'u hinh mang truyfen d i n duong true
theo tuyen 1A, duong Ho Chi Minh, va tuyen truyen d i n trfen duong day 500 kV vao nam 2004 theo ca'u hinh g6m 6 vong Ring khep kin Cac Ring nay v in kfet noi voi nhau b in g thifet bi DXC va bao an bang cong nghfe SDH
- Nang ca'p b in g cong nghfe W D M theo tirng tuyen rifeng re theo nhu c iu Tao cau hinh W D M diem noi diem trfen tirng tuyfen truyfen d i n rifeng re Dfe thuc hien nang cap trong giai doan nay, trudc hfet can kiem tra lai ta't c i cac spi trfen tuyfen cap de k h in g dinh gia tri suy hao va tan s ic cho phep Lo trinh nhu sau:
+ Xac dinh c i c gia tri suy hao va tin s ic spi d i n quang hien co dfe thifet kfe theo phan bo suy hao va tan sic
+ De nguyfen tinh trang hoat dong cua tuyfen hien tai Thuc hien nang cap trfen doi dir phong
Trang 2698 Mang the he sau va tien trinh chuy&n d6
+ Tat ca cac bade song co huong di cung chifeu can phai dupe thiet ke cho truyfen trfen mot spi Tat ca cac chidu ngupc lai cho truyfen trfen spi kia Khong nfen thuc hien hai chifeu trfen cung mot spi Difeu nay co nghla rang viec xay dung he thdng thong tin dudng true se thuc hien theo phuong an truyen d in mot hudng (hay 2 spi)
- Nhung tuyfen chua co dieu kien nang cap v in duy tri mang chuyfen tii TDM
- Khi chua hoan thien 5 Ring dupe tao tu tuyfen quoc lo 1A va tuyfen dudng Ho Chf Minh, thuc hien chuyfen tai trfen c iu hinh hien nay la chinh
- Chuyen tuyfen thong tin quang trfen dudng day 500 kV sang
c iu true tuyfen thang va lam du phong cho mang Tuyfen nay thuc
c h it da dupe thay thfe bang tuyfen dudng Ho Chi Minh Vi the viec chuyen nay fa hop ly
- Cac thanh pho ldn nhu Ha Noi, TP Ho Chf Minh va Da Ning chua c in nang cap lfen c iu hinh W D M trong giai doan na> Cin phat huy nang luc b in g cach su dung cac spi quang du trong caphien co
Thiet bi:
- Nhin chung su dung thifet bi dcrn kfenh quang hifen cd cho cac
tuyfen chua dupe nang cap va duy tri kha nang vifec truven tai IP/ATM
- Lap dat cac he thdng thiet bi truyen dan quang mdi theo cong nghfe W D M vdi 8 budc song, mdi budc song cd tdc do 2.5 Gbit/s
- Trong cac doan truyen d in ap dung cong nghfe W D M da sir dung cac thifet bi khufech dai quang spi EDFA thay cho cac thifet bi lap khi thifeu quy cdng s u it quang
Trang 27Chuong 4: Mang dudng true cua Viet Nam va. 99
- Ldp dat cac thiet bi M U X /D E M U X tai tat ca cac diem noi cac Ring de cung cap cac luong tin hieu TDM cho thiet bi DXC
- Ldp dat cac thiet bi M U X /D EM U X tai tat ca cac dia ban co nhu cau xen va re luu luong de cung cap cac ludng tin hieu TDM cho thiet bj AD M
- Cac thanh pho Ha Noi va thanh pho Ho Chf Minh nen trang
bj dung lupng tuong duong voi 5 Gbit/s den 10 Gbit/s Da Ndng nen trang bj dung lupng tuong duong 5 Gbit/s
b) Giai doan 2
Lp trinh cua giai doan nay can thuc hien cac cong viec nang cap hoan thien m ang dudng true d6 co dupe mang chuyen tai quang OTN theo hudng toan quang bdt d i u tu nam 2006
Can hinh:
- G iu nguyen cau hinh mang truyen d i n dudng true nhu tren
Thuc hien nang cap toan bo cac tuyen don kenh quang thanh da kenh cung vdi cdng nghe W D M gom 8 budc song cd tdc do 2,5 Gbit/s cho mot luong tin hieu quang
- Thiet lap ket noi cac vong Ring bdng thiet bj O D X C de tao thanh mang Loop W D M bao trum len m ang chuyen tai SDH
- Thuc hien phan bd cac budc song theo muc tieu don gian cau hinh va can bdng cac budc song trong mang W D M
Tliiet bi:
- Ldp dat cac thiet bj O D X C ket noi vdi cac spi quang de djnh
tuyen luong cac budc song D ong thdi ket hop vdi cac thiet bi
M U X /D E M U X va DX C de dieu phoi luu lupng va chuyen tai tin hieu TDM
Trang 28100 Mang the he sau va tien tnnh chuyen d6
- L ip dat cac thiet bi W ADM /OADM tai cac dia ban co luu lupng ldn di qua Tu do d in din nang cap thong nhat lap dat thiet
bi nay tai tat ca cac diem xen/re.
- Cac thiet bi ADM duoc duy tri tai diem xen re va trong mang truy nhap de phan bo luu lugng TDM.
c) Trien khai cau true m ang truyen dan dudng true
D e duy tri cau true Ring hien nay va tan dung uu diem cua
Ring SDH thi tren ca hai cau true W D M nay ldp khach la SDH deu
trifen khai theo cau true Ring SDH hai hudng hai spi Khi nhu ciu tang len thi viec giam sat chat che luu luong tren co sd c iu true luu luong de tao ra cac cau true Ring hop ly la c in thiet de giam chi phi cua p h in thiet bi SDH (chie'm ty trong ldn trong tdng chi phi toan mang) Do do cau true Ring ao SDH dupe de x u it nhu sau:Ddi vdi mang ldp SDH g6m hai c i p tren co sd hai ldp Ring tuong ung vdi cau true luu lupng
Ldp Ring 1 tao nen bdi mot vong Ring chu yeu phuc vu cho chuyen tai luu lupng dudng true bao gom giua c ic vung trung tam:
Ha Noi - Da N in g - TP Ho Chf Minh Tren cac tuyen W D M vong Ring nay chiem cung mot budc song Neu cac vong Ring nav doc lap nhau thi c i n cd chuyen ddi budc song tai nut noi ket
Ldp Ring 2 tao nen bdi vong Ring chu yeu phuc vu cho chuyen tai luu lupng trong moi Ring va tren mdi vong Ring se chiem mot budc song, tuy nhien vi chung doc lap vat lv nen de tan dung tai nguyen ve budc song thi co the p h ii su dung cung budc song va chung dupe phan bo Trudc m it su dung 4 vong Ring cua mang hien tai roi chuyen sang 5 Ring ve sau
Viec ket noi cac ldp duoc thuc hien theo c iu true nhu hinh ve Chu y rang cac vong Ring ao SDH nav deu dupe trien khai tren
W D M de tan dung tdi da tai nguyen vat ly cua mang
Trang 29Chi/ang 4: Mang dudng true cua Viet Nam va. 101
Khi trien khai cac mang chuyen tai IP/ATM thi m6i nhu cau ket noi IP, budc song c in dugc phan bo mot cach hgp ly tren co so can b in g tai trong tren Ring W DM
Li(a chon c o che bao ve va cdng nghe trien khai
D6 bao dam muc tieu tao ra cau true mang an toan hon, c iu true m ang hgp ly c i n co co che b io ve de nang cao do duy tri cua mang, tuy nhien cung c in co co che phoi hgp giua cac lop m ang de hoat dong co hieu qua hon Do do ddi vdi tirng giai doan trien khai mang SD H /W D M nen su dung co che sau:
G iai doan I: Sir dung cdng nghe W D M difim- diem do do
khong c in sir dung co che bao ve no d ldp W D M nay Ma c o che bao ve mang dugc thuc hien d ldp SDH tren c a sd Ring hai hudng khi do toan mang chuyen tai v in cd c a che' bao ve de bao dam do
an toan cua toan mang
G iai docin 2: Khi cdng nghe W D M cho phep thuc hien c a che
b io ve vong Ring quang W D M dugc trien khai d ldp quang theo c a che bao ve 2 hudng va d ldp SDH thi khong can thiet va vong Ring SDH khong c i n lim viec d co che bao ve m a toan bo dung lugng deu dugc sir dung cho lam viec Tuy nhien ddi vdi cac luong SDH quan trgng can phai bao ve thi v in tiep tuc duy tri che do bao ve d ldp TDM
C ong nghe SD H /W D M dugc trien khai can dap ung cac yeu
c iu ca d giai doan 1 va 2 khi co nang cap va ldp khach cua SDH
c in phai dap ung giao dien ATM, IP Ldp W D M phai cd kha nang cung cap thong suot cac luong tin hieu den tdc do 2,5 Gbit/s
va 10 Gbit/s va IP true tiep trong tuong lai sau nay Tuy nhien cung co the ket hgp ca SD H /W D M tren cung mot nen thiet bi de giam gia thanh va quan ly dan gian
Trang 30102 Mang the he sau va tien trinh chuyen <]6
Vdi co che bao ve day du nh u vay, mang co the: h6 tro cho ca vifec bao ve luong tai tai cac tram chuyfen mach, tham chi giam hot ganh nang ve bao ve cho cac nut chuyen mach
To chifc c/nun ly m ang truyen Jan
Do cau true mang co hai ldp la W D M va SDH cho nen mang quan ly can ft nhat hai he thdng quan ly mang tuong umg Tuy nhien nfeu cac hang cung cap san phaim co kha nang ket noi phan quan ly thi viec td churc thanh mot he thdng quan ly se hieu qua hon.Khi ma sir dung hai he thdng quan ly tuong umg, viec quan ly mang se phai dupe phan dinh churc nang ro rang cho phu hop vdi tirng ldp mang la SDH hay W DM Sau nay, cac he thdng quan ly co the lien ket thanh mot he thdng thong nhat khi cdng nghe cho phep.Noi ket thiet bi SDH/W DM d giai doan l
Ldp WDM: gom nhifeu thifet bi M U X /D E M U X quang khong
cd chfe do bao vfe hoac chi sir dung chfe do bao vfe 1 + 1 theo soi.Ldp SDH: Thifet bi SDH ADM S T M -16 d ldp dudng true sir dung co chfe bao vfe BSHR/2
Noi kfet thifet bi SD H /W D M d giai doan 2
Ldp WDM: gom nhieu thifet bi O A D M cd chfe do bao vfe hai hudng hai soi
Ldp SDH: Thifet bi SDH A D M S T M -16 d ldp dudng true sir dung co chfe bao vfe BSHR/2 vdi nhung luong c in co chfe do bao vfe
4.2.6 Tien trinh phat trien N G N cua Viet Nam
4.2.6.1 Tien trinh tong the
a M uc tieu
Dfe dap ung cac yfeu c iu vfe co sd ha tin g vifen thong quoc gia cau true mang vifen thong theo dinh hudng NGN cua Vifet Nam duoc xay dung c in hudng tdi cac muc tifeu cu thfe sau day:
Trang 31Chuong 4: Mang dudng true cua Viet Nam va. 103
- Dap ung nhu c iu cung cap cac dich vu vifen thong hien nay va cac loai dich vu vifen thong thfe he sau bao gom:
+ Cac dich vu co ban
+ Cac djch vu gia tri gia tang
+ Cac dich vu truyen so lifeu, Internet va cong nghfe thong tin + Dich vu da phuong tien
Cu thfe la cac loai dich vu vifen thong nhu ATM, IP, FR, X25, Voice, LAN Giai doan trudc m it dap ung cac nhu c iu IP truy nhap Internet toe do tang d i n VoIP
- Mang co c iu true don gian: Giam toi da sd cap chuyfen mach
va chuyen tiep truyfen dan
- Nang cao hieu qua sir dung, chat luong mang ludi va giam thifeu chi phi khai thac va bao dudng
- Do linh hoat va tinh s i n sang cao, nang lire ton tai manh:+ Tien tdi tich hop m ang thoai va sd lifeu trfen mang dudng true bang rong
+ Cau true mang phai cd do linh hoat cao, dam bao an toan mang ludi va c h it lupng dich vu
+ Dfe dang m d rong dung lupng, trifen khai dich vu mdi
- Vifec thay ddi c iu true m ang hien tai dupe tien hanh tirng budc theo difeu kien thuc tfe cho phfep Tan dung tdi da cac thifet bi trfen m ang ISDN, PSTN hien co dfe phat trien dich vu B-ISDN, dap ling nhu c iu djch vu Internet, cac djch vu IP khae, ATM, FR trfen co' sd nang cap cac nut mang hien co nfeu cong nghfe cho phep va gia
ca hop ly hoac trang bi cac nut mang da djch vu (multiservice) mdi
- Trifen khai va hoan thien he thong quan ly mang, quan ly djch vu
Trang 32104 Mang the he sau va tien tnnh chuyen d6
- Tang cudng kha nang canh tranh trong moi trudng hoi nhap
va m d c in
Cau true mang the he sau duoc xay dung dua tren phan bo thue bao theo vung dia ly, khong to chuc theo dia ban hanh chinh ma phan theo vung luu luong Trong mot vung cd nhieu khu vuc va trong mot khu vuc cd nhieu tinh thanh Sd lugng cac tinh thanh trong mdi khu vuc tiiy thuoc vao luu lugng ciia cac tinh thanh do (gia sir cac thue bao ciing loai deu cd thdi gian sir dung nhu nhau thi luu lugng ti le vdi sd thue bao)
b C an true nuing
Mang vien thong ciia Viet Nam phat trien theo cau true mang the he sau NGN Cau true mang vien thong the he sau NGN dupe xem xet phan tich d hai goc do: cau true vat ly va cau true churc nang Cau true mang muc tieu xem hinh 2.3
Xet ve cau true vat ly mang vien thong ciia Viet Nam dupe phan thanh 2 ldp:
+ Ldp loi/chuyen tai
+ Ldp truy nhap
Ldp loi/chuyen tdi bao gom cac he thdng truyen dan va cac he
thdng chuyen mach nhu sau:
+ Cac tuven truyen dan lien vung, cac tuyen truyen dan trung
ke ket noi cac chuyen mach vung
+ Cac chuyen mach cong quoc te (Gateway), cac chuven mach chuyen tiep lien vung (Toll Tandem), cac chuyen mach v ung.Ldp truy nhap bao gom:
+ Huru tuyen (Wire): Cac he thdng truy nhap cap dong, cap quang
Trang 33Chuong 4: Mang dudng true cua Viet Nam va 105
+ Vo tuyen (Wireless): Thong tin di dong, vi ba truy nhap vo tuyen co dinh
Xet ve mat chuc nang, cau true churc nang mang vifen thong cua Viet Nam dupe phan thanh nam ldp:
Ldp loi/ chuyen tdi va ldp truy nhap ung vdi ldp loi/chuyfen tai
va ldp truy nhap d cau true vat ly da trinh bay trfen
Ldp i(ng dung dich vu: Ldp nay cd churc nang cung cap cac ung
dung va cac dich vu thoai phi thoai, cac dich vu bang rong, cac dich vu thdng minh, cac dich vu gia tang gia tri cho khach hang thong qua cac ldp dudi
Ldp dieu khien:
Ldp dieu khien bao gom cac he thdng dieu khifen thuc hifen vifec kfet noi va dap ung dich vu cho cac thufe bao thong qua vifec difeu khien cac thifet bi cua ldp chuyen tai va cac thiet bi cua ldp truy nhap Ldp dieu khifen bao gom:
an toan va hifeu qua cac ban tin bao liifeu giua cac vung luu lugng
Trang 34106 Mang the he sau va hen tnnh chuyen <J&
Lop qucin ly mang: tuan thu theo m o hinh quan Iv m ang vien
thong TMN cua ITU bao gom 4 ldp:
+ Ldp quan ly kinh doanh
+ Ldp quan lv mang
+ Ldp quan ly dich vu
+ Ldp quan ly phan tu mang
c Lifci ( lion cong nghe va to cliifc mang
Mang vien thong cua Viet Nam da duoc sd hoa vdi cong nghe hien dai tren dien rong la mot thuan loi ldn dfe tien tdi cau true mang thfe he sau Tuy nhifen vdi chung loai thifet bi vifen thong kha
da dang thi day cung la mot qua trinh phuc tap ddi hoi su lua chon cong nghe dung dan va to chuc khai thac mang hop lv
Dfe lua chon cong nghe m ang can duoc xem xet phan tich 6 goc do vat ly Dfe to chuc mang hop hop ly can xem xfet phan tichmang d goc do cac chuc nang
Ddi vdi mang NGN:
- Khi lua chon cong nghfe can dua trfen cau true vat ly mang nghla la muc tieu chinh se la cac ldp chuyfen tai va ldp chuc nang
- De t6 chuc mang hop ly can phan tich cac ldp chuc nang cua mang bao gom: ldp ung dung dich vu ldp difeu khifen, ldp chuven tai ldp truy nhap va ldp quan lv
Giua hai van dfe lua chon cong nghfe va td chuc mang cd lien quan chat che vdi nhau To chuc mang lifen quan chat che va cung phu thuoc vao cong nghfe kha nang cua cac thifet bi duoc lua chon
va nang luc cua mang Mat khae de khai thac hfet hifeu qua va uu diem cua cac cong nghe mdi can td churc mang tot
Trang 35Chuong 4: Mang dudng true cua Viet Nam va. 107
Dfe hudng tai cau true mang the he sau NGN, can lira chon cong nghe va to chuc mang mot cach thich hap nham:
- Tan dung toi da cac thiet bi hien co tren mang
- Tien tai cau true mang muc tieu NGN vao nam 2010
Ldp ting du n g dich vu
Nham cung cap dich vu den tan thue bao mot cach thdng nhat
va dong bo, ldp ung dung dich vu duoc td churc thanh mot cap trong toan mang
Sd luong nut ung dung dich vu phu thuoc vao luu luong dich
vu, so luong va loai hinh dich vu
Cac nut ung dung dich vu nay dugc dat tai cac nut m ang NGN, nghla la tuong umg vdi vi tri dat cac nut difeu khien va nut chuyen tai
IP, mo-dun difeu khifen kfet noi cuoc goi thoai Cac bo dieu khifen bao gom bo dieu khifen IP/MPLS, bo dieu khifen ATM/SVC bo dieu khien thoai/SS7 se dugc dat tuong ung vdi vi tri cua cac loi ATM/IP
So lugng nut difeu khifen phu thuoc vao luu lugng cua timg vung
va duoc td chuc thanh um g cap (Plane A&B) nham bao dam tinh
an toan Mdi mot nut dieu khifen dugc kfet noi vdi mot cap nut chuyfen mach loi ATM/IP
Trang 36108 Mang the he sau va tien tnnh chuySn d6
Hien nay eac giao thurc, giao dien, bao hieu dieu khien ket noi rat da dang va con dang tiep tuc phat trien chua duoc chuan hoa nen rat phurc tap Can co thdi gian theo doi xem xet va can dac biet quan tam den ti'nh tuong thich cua cac loai giao dien giao thurc, bao hieu khi lua chon thiet bi mdi
Ldp chuyen tai
Hinh 4.6: Lop dieu khien vu inig dung mang AG.Y
Lap chuyen tail Loi
* Chuyen mach
+ Cdng nghe:
De tien tai cau true mang the he sau NGN cac chuyen mach dugc trang bi tren mang phai la cac chuyen mach cong nghe ATM/IP Mang chuyfen mach ATM /IP bao gom hai kip:
- Lop loi (Core - Chuyfen mach loi ATM/IP)
Trang 37Chuong 4: Mang dudng true cua Viet Nam va. 109
- Ldp bien (Edge - Multiservice Switch)
Mat khae, tiep tuc tan dung cac chuyen mach T D M hien co tren mang trong qua trinh tien tdi mang muc tieu
- Ddi vdi nhung chuyen mach hien co tren mang cd kha nang
n in g cap de phu hop vdi cau true mang the he sau NGN thi khi can
m d rong dung lupng se dupe nSng cap m d rong dung lupng va kha nang phu hop vdi NGN
- Ddi vdi nhung chuyen mach hien cd tren mang khong cd kha nang nang cap de phu hop vdi cau true mang N G N thi se khong dupe m d rong dung lupng Khi co nhu c iu phat trien thue bao va dich vu thi se lip dat cac thiet bi mdi cong nghe ATM/IP
- D in d in tien tdi thay the toan bo cac tdng dai TD M tren mang b in g c i c tdng dai chuyen mach loi ATM /IP va chuyfen mach
da dich vu (Multiservice Switch)
Cac tdng dai hinh th in h mat p h in g thu n h it (A) cua loi bfen canh mat phang thCr nhat bao gom cac tdng dai Gateway va Toll cdng nghfe T D M hien nay Cac tdng dai dupe noi vdi nhau theo dang ludi n h im dam bao an toan mang ludi Khi mot tdng dai quoc
te bi su cd, luu lupng se dupe dinh tuyfen qua cac tdng dai k h ic theo su dieu hanh cua trung tam quan ly mang quoc gia
C ic chuyen mach loi A TM /IP nay co c ic chuc nang:
- Chuyfen mach c i c cuoc goi lifen vung
- Chuyfen mach cac cuoc goi di quoc tfe
Trang bi mdi cac chuyfen mach bifen Multiservice Switch
Cac Multiservice Switch cong nghfe ATM /IP thuoc ve bifen (Edge) trong ldp m ang chuyfen tai Cac chuyen mach bifen Multiservice Switch nay n i m d ranh gidi tiep xuc cua ldp chuyfen tai vdi ldp mang truy nhap trong c iu true NGN
Trang 38110 Mang the he sau va tten trinh chuySn 6&
Muc di'ch cua ldp chuyfen mach nay nham:
- Giam d i n so lupng cac tong dai Host phan bd theo dia hinh hanh chinh nhu hien nay bang cac tong dai M u ltis e m c c Switch co nang lire va dung luong ldn, khong phan biet dia gidi hanh chinh
- Chuyfen ddi dan cau hinh Host - vfe tinh hien nay sang dang cau hinh chuyen mach da dich vu - thifet bi truy nhap da dich vu.Trong qua trinh hinh thanh cac vung luu lupng mdi vung luu lupng cd chuyfen mach loi ATM /IP va mot so Multiservice Switch ldp bifen phan bo d mot so nut mang chi'nh trong vung
Cac Multiservice Switch dong vai tro ca tdng dai chuyfen mach vung (ldp bifen) va thifet bi truy nhap da dich vu d difen rong hem se trang bi cac nut truv nhap da dich vu mdi va kfet noi tdi cac long dai ldp bifen nay
Cac tdng dai Toll Tandem hifen nay:
- Tifep tuc churc nang chuyen mach cac cuoc goi lifen vung
- Tiep tuc churc nang chuyen mach cac cuoc goi tu trong vung
di quoc te dfen tong dai Gateway va chuyfen m ach cac cuoc goi tir quoc te qua Gateway dfen thufe bao trong vung
Cac tong dai Gateway TDM hifen nay:
Cac trung tam chuyen mach quoc tfe hifen nay bao gdm cac tong dai Gateway AXE 105 dat tai ba thanh pho ldr, la Ha Noi TP
Ho Chf Minh va Da N in g tucmg ung vdi trung tam cua cac vung luu lupng Ha Noi TP Ho Chf Minh va D a N in g hifen nav tiep tuc thuc hifen chuc nang chuyfen mach cac cuoc goi di quoc tfe di va dfen
- Luu luong quoc te cua cac vung luu lupng phi'a Bac va Ha Noi dupe chuyfen di quoc te qua chuyen mach loi A TM /IP dat tai
Ha Noi hoac chuyen tifep qua cac tong dai Toll Tandem lfen tdngdai Gateway A X E 105 Ha Noi
Trang 39Chuong 4: Mang difdng true cua Viet Nam va. 111
- Liru lugng quoc te cua cac vung luu lugng phfa Nam va TP H6 Chi Minh dugc chuyein di quoc tfe qua chuyfen mach loi
A TM /IP dat tai TP Ho Chf Minh hoac chuyen tifep qua cac tong dai Toll, Tandem lfen tdng dai Gateway TP Ho Chf Minh
- Luu lugng quoc te cua cac vung luu lugng mien Trung dugc chuyen di quoc te qua loi ATM /IP dat tai Da N in g hoac chuyen tiep qua cac tdng dai Toll lfen tdng dai Gateway Da N ing
D in d i n tien tdi thay thfe toan bo c ic tdng dai Toll, Tandem va Gateway TD M trfen m ang b in g cac Chuyen mach loi ATM /IP va thuc hifen quan ly khai thac theo vung luu lugng dua trfen so lugng thufe bao theo vung dia ly va nhu c iu phat trien dich vu, khong quan ly khai thac theo dia ban h in h chfnh
- Lcfp truyen tdi
+ Cdng nghe:
Tifep tuc sir dung cdng nghfe SDH kfet hgp vdi cong nghfe WDM.Tien hanh cai tao, nang cap va m d rong nang luc cac he thdng SDH hifen cd de dap ung nhu c iu chuyen tai luu lugng IP, ATM.Tifen tdi xay dimg m ang chuyen tai dua trfen OTN (Optic Transport Network) su dung phuong thuc IP/ATM/SDH/Optic
M ang truyen d i n ldp chuyen tai la mang trung ke kfet noi cac tdng dai chuyfen m ach loi ATM /IP vdi nhau, ket noi chuyfen mach loi A TM /IP vdi c i c Multiservice Switch, kfet noi chuyfen mach loi ATM/IP, Multiservice Switch vdi cac tdng dai Toll, Tandem va cdng T D M hifen nay va noi cac tdng dai Toll, Tandem va cdng TDM hifen nay vdi nhau
Tifep tuc sir dung cdng nghfe SDH va hoan thien nang cap cac
he thdng truyen d i n tdi tdc do S T M -16 Nang cap he thong theo cdng nghfe W D M dfe dat dugc tdc do he thong 20 Gbit/s va cao hon
Trang 40112 Mang the he sau va tien tnnh chuySn d6i
De dam bao an toan cho mang luoi dfe phong cac trudng hop xay ra su co, m ang truyfen d in ldp chuyen lai sir dung cau true mang Ring kfet hcrp ky thuat SDH va W D M vdi co chfe bao vfe hop
ly thifet bi, spi va tuyfen cap
Cu thfe la:
- Mang tiep tuc nang cap va xay dimg trfen co sd tuyfen true Bit Nam trfen quoc lo l va dudng day 500 kV hifen co Vifec nang cip mang chuyfen tai thdng qua hoan thien cac thifet bi ADM DXC va
TM nhd bd sung c ic mo-dun xir ly luu lupng kifeu goi dfe chuyen tai tin hieu IP/ATM, tao co sd tifen tdi OTN cho NGN
- Thifet ke, xav dimg tuyfen cap quang dudng Ho Chi Minh theo tifen dp xav dung dudng
- C hu in bi nang c ip hfe thdng sir dung ky thuat W DM vdi so kfenh quang 8 hoac 16 budc song, tdc do S T M -16 mdi kfenh
- Ap dung kv thuat Loop W D M cho m ang chuyfen tai SDH do tao mang OTN So kfenh quang du va can bang tit ca c ic budc song tdc do S T M -16 cho moi kfenh
N hu vay, ldp chuyfen tai dupe t6 chuc thanh hai cip: dudng true quoc gia va viing:
- Cap dudng true quoc gia: G6m toan bo cac nut chuyfen mach dudng true (loi ATM /IP) va cac tuyfen truyen d i n dudng true dupe
to churc thanh hai mat phang A&B So lupng va quv mo nut chuyen mach dudng true quoc gia phu thuoc vao mure dp phat trifen luu lupng trfen mang dudng true Kfet noi cheo giua c ic nut dudng true
co nhiem vu chuyen mach cuoc goi giua cac vung luu luong phai
> 2.5 Gbit/s nham dam bao an toan mang
- Cap vung: G om toan bo cac nut chuyfen mach vung ATM/IP cac nut chuyen mach vung ATM /IP noi vung duoc ket noi o mure