CHƯƠNG I: CÁC KỸ NĂNG LÀM BÀI PHẦN 1: KỸ NĂNG LÀM BÀI DẠNG BÀI ĐỌC ĐIỀN TỪCác câu hỏi của bài đọc điền từ có hai dạng: dạng thức của từ và nghĩa của từ.. Trong đó,câu hỏi kiểm tra nghĩa
Trang 1CHƯƠNG I: CÁC KỸ NĂNG LÀM BÀI PHẦN 1: KỸ NĂNG LÀM BÀI DẠNG BÀI ĐỌC ĐIỀN TỪ
Các câu hỏi của bài đọc điền từ có hai dạng: dạng thức của từ và nghĩa của từ Trong đó,câu hỏi kiểm tra nghĩa của từ chiến phần lớn các câu hỏi trong đề thi
A KIỂM TRA VỀ LOẠI TỪ
I Cách nhận dạng
Bốn lựa chọn là bốn từ có gốc tương tự nhau chỉ khác về loại từ
II Cách giải quyết
Nhìn cả trước và sau chỗ trống rồi xác định từ loại cần điền Sau đây là chức năng và vị tríchủ yếu của các từ loại trong câu:
1 Danh từ làm chủ ngữ (đứng trước vị ngữ) và tân ngữ (đứng sau động từ và giới từ)
- The manager has called for a meeting (Danh từ làm chủ ngữ)
- He is completing his report (Danh từ làm tân ngữ sau động từ)
- They are looking for the thief (Danh từ làm tân ngữ sau giới từ)
2 Động từ làm vị ngữ trong câu (chia tương ứng theo chủ ngữ và thì)
- My sister believes in ghosts (Động từ chia ở thì hiện tại đơn với chủ ngữ số ít)
- The restaurant is being renovated (Động từ chia ở thì hiện tại tiếp diễn, bị động với chủngữ số ít)
3 Tính từ đứng trước và bổ nghĩa cho danh từ và đi sau một số động từ (be, keep, look,
seem, taste, feel)
- Effective advertising is the key to our success
- He looks so tired after a long trip
4 Trạng từ bổ nghĩa cho các động từ còn lại và đứng trước bổ nghĩa cho tính từ/ trạng
Trang 2A move B moving C moved D movement
2 The park service asks visitors to behave and show respect to wildlife
A responsible B responsibly C responsibility D responsibilities
3 The of the Board of Directors is scheduled for Monday
A election B elected C elects D electable
4 The young fashion designer wanted to create dress styles different from those ofher contemporaries
A recognize B recognizing C recognizable D recognizably
5 With the approach of the holiday season, employees are awaiting their bonuses
A anxiety B anxious C anxiously D anxiousness
B KIỂM TRA VỀ NGHĨA CỦA TỪ
I Cách nhận dạng
Trong 4 phương án có ít nhất 2 phương án cùng loại với nhau có thể phù hợp với ngữ phápcủa câu Khi đó, cần dịch câu hoặc dựa vào cụm từ trước hoặc sau chỗ trống để xác địnhđáp án đúng
II Cách giải quyết
Câu hỏi về nghĩa của từ thường gặp là những dạng sau đây:
1 Liên từ
Khi làm câu hỏi về liên từ, trước hết xác định sau chỗ trống là
- mệnh đề (đi với liên từ nhóm Subordinators)
Although it rained heavily, I still went to work (it rained heavily là mệnh đề trong câu
phức)
- cụm danh từ hoặc V-ing (đi với nhóm giới từ Prepositions)
Despite the heavy rain, we still went to work (the heavy rain là cụm danh từ)
- câu (đi với nhóm trạng từ liên kết Conjunctive Adverbs)
It rained heavily However, I still went to work (I still went to work, là một câu ngăn cách
với câu trước bởi dấu chấm)
Nếu có từ hai đáp án trở lên cùng loại liên từ, cần dịch nghĩa của câu Dưới đây là bảng cácliên từ đơn thường gặp được phân loại theo 3 nhóm: Subordinators, Prepositions vàConjunctive Adverbs
Nghĩa
Liên từ Subordinators Prepositions Conjunctive
Adverbs
Trang 31 Nguyên nhân
(bởi vì)
because, since, as Because of, thanks
to (nguyên nhân tốt), on account of, owning to, by dint
of (nguyên nhân tốt), due to (nguyên nhân xấu),
by virtue of
consequently, as a result, thus, hence
3 Đối lập (nhưng,
tuy nhiên)
though, even though, though, even if
despite, in spite of, regardless of
nevertheless, however, nonetheless
4 Bổ sung ý (thêm
vào, hơn nữa)
in addition to, apartfrom, except for
also, furthermore, moreover, in addition, additionally, besides
instance
Đối với các liên từ kép (đi theo cặp), chỉ cần dựa vào một từ cho sẵn để lựa chọn đáp
án đúng
Whether … or (cho dù … hay không)
Either … or (một trong hai)
Neither … nor (cả hai đều không)
Both … and (cả hai)
Not only … but also (không những, mà còn)
* PRACTICE 2
1 She couldn’t eat she was very hungry
A despite B although C in spite of D either
2 You will have to work with him, you like it or not
3 Neither Ms Chen Mr Martinez was able to attend the seminar
Trang 4A nor B neither C and D or
4 Restaurant food handlers must wear latex gloves health regulations
A because of B since C because D though
5 Genji and I are being transferred to the Mumbai office
a lot of, lots of, plenty of,
an amount of, a great deal
of, much
a few, few a little, little
a pair of, bothevery, each, one
Lưu ý:
A Nếu trước danh từ có tính từ sở hữu hoặc mạo từ the, cần chọn liên từ có of ở phía
sau
Most money – most of the money
Most students – most of my students
B Trong câu khẳng định thường dùng some, trong câu phủ định hoặc nghi vấn thường dùng any.
I’d like some noodles
Are there any trees behind the house?
We don’t have any milk left
C A few/ a little có nghĩa tích cực “ít nhưng đủ”, còn few/ little mang nghĩa tiêu cực “ít
và không đủ)
I have a few friends, and I’m happy.
I have few friends, so I’m unhappy
* PRACTICE 3
Trang 51 Ann is very busy these days She has free time.
2 Did you take photographs when you were on holiday?
A a lot of B a great deal C an amount of D plenty
3 The museum was very crowed There were too people
4 his advice was very useful
A Most of B Some C Several of D Little
5 I don’t think Jill would be a good teacher She’s got patience
3 Các từ dễ gây nhầm lẫn
Các từ dễ gây nhầm lẫn thường có nghĩa gần giống nhau nhưng cách sử dụng hoặc cáchkết hợp với giới từ hoặc cấu trúc câu khác nhau, hoặc có cách viết gần giống nhau nhưngcách sử dụng khác nhau Dưới đây là những cặp từ dễ gây nhầm lẫn phổ biến,
A so, too, neither, either
Hai từ so và too được dùng để diễn tả sự đồng tình “cũng thế” khi câu phía trước ở thểkhẳng định
Lucy likes coffee So do I/ I do, too
Hai từ neither và either được dùng để diễn tả sự đồng tình “cũng thế” khi câu phía trước ởthể phủ định
Lucy doesn’t like coffee Neither do I./ I don’t, either
B Alike, like, likely
loại
alike
adj giống nhau - similar;
like each other
Your hat and mine are alike.
adv in a similar way The twins even dress alike.
like prep
=
such
as
giống như, như là
Don't talk like that
She looks best in bright, vibrant colours, like red and pink
chắc đúng, có lẽ đúng,
có lẽ thật
That is not likely
Trang 6y
adj có thể He is not likely to come now
thích hợp, đúng với The most likely (the likeliest) place for
He likes being alone in the house
Price alone is not a reliable indicator of quality
having life; not dead)
Doctors kept him alive on a
life-support machine
livel
y
adj sinh động, giống như thật a lively portrait; a lively novel
E Almost, most, mostly
almost adv gần như, hầu như (nearly)
(+ all/ no/ every)
She's almost thirty
Almost nothing was done to improve the situation Almost allthe passengers on the ferry were French
mostl
y
adv chủ yếu là, thường là In the smaller villages, it's
mostly (= usually) very quiet at nights
The band are mostly (= Most of them are) teenagers, I think.most adj Hầu hết – (+ danh từ số nhiều/
danh từ không đếm được) - nearlyall of the people or things in a
Like most people, I try to take a vacation every year
Most research in this field has
Trang 7group, or nearly all of something been carried out by the Russians.
F Refer, know, consider, regard
- refer to somebody/something as
He likes to be referred to as 'DoctorKhee'
- refer to somebody/something by
The hospital now refers to patients
by name, not case number
both 2 người/ vật Red and orange are both favorite colors
all 3 người/ vật trở lên All China, Japan and Korea are Asian countries
Đáng kể/ nhiều Damage to the building was considerable
considerate Quan tâm, tử tế It was very considerate of him to wait
J like, as
As Giống như (miêu tả bề
ngoài), như là (giới thiệu
chức năng)
I’m going to the fancy dress party as superman.The sea can be used as a source of energy.Like Giống như (so sánh về sự She looks a bit like her brother
Trang 8giống nhau) Just like you, I’m always a bit afraid of big
Nhạy cảm She’s very sensitive to other people’s feelings
sensible Có hiểu biết, hợp
Reason + for She gave no reasons for her decision
+ why I’d like to know the reason why you’re late
Cause + of Unemployment is a major cause of poverty
N provide, give, offer
Someone something I’d like to know the reason why you’re late
I gave the waiter a big tip
* PRACTICE 4
1 This is why he painted things _ the sky, his room and even himself
2 Walking has many health benefits It helps you think more clearly, _
3 But unfortunately, when he was _, he did not have a happy life
4 Van Gogh was from a poor family in Holland and lived _ his life at home
5 Kennedy’s greatest success _ President was in dealing with the Cuban missilecrisis
Trang 9A like B wet as C from D such as
6 Children should be _ best care
7 The catalogue is _, but some items may not be available in some countries
A comprehend B comprehensive C comprehensible D comprehension
8 The _ of power failure these two days has not been identified
9 The report was _ done by the deadline
10 It was very _ of the teacher to give students less homework
A considerable B consider C considerate D considerably
4 Giới từ, các cụm từ cố định (collocations)
Để làm dạng câu hỏi này, cần ghi nhớ các cụm từ cố định qua mỗi bài luyện tập Một trong
những website giúp tra cứu các cụm từ cố định là: ozdic.com hoặc http://www.freecollocation.com/
Sau khi tra cứu website này, các bạn nên ghi chép lại các cụm từ để có thể lựa chọn đúngđáp án khi gặp lại câu hỏi đó lần sau
We need a certain amount of stress in order to _ fulfilling lives
Lives trong câu có thể được hiểu là “cách sống” Tra từ life với ý nghĩa là “way of living”trong từ điển và tìm một động từ tương ứng đi với danh từ này, kết quả là:
Trang 10Đáp án của câu là B lead Cụm từ cố định là “lead a + adj + life”.
PRACTICE 5
1 The on the world’s climate and our agriculture and food supplies will bedisastrous
A result B motivation C impression D effect
2 I a mistake in my math test yesterday
3 This conferences aims provoding attendees with the lastest information
4 Student have to the requirements of the university to graduate
5 I’m aware of the result
A fully B extremely C particularly D do
6 The director should responsibility for the failure of the project
7 He died the injuries caused by a car accident
8 Some trees should be cut down to room for the road construction
Trang 119 He a living by writing articles for different newspapers.
10 Please me a favor by checking this article for any typos
DO and MAKE
Use DO for actions, obligations, and repetitive tasks
Use MAKE for creating or producing something, and for actions you choose to do
DO generally refers to the action itself, and MAKE usually refers to the result
Common English Collocations with DO
1 Housework
do the housework After I got home from the office, I was too tired to do the housework
do the laundry I really need to do the laundry – I don’t have any
clean clothes left!
do the dishes I’ll make dinner if you do the dishes afterwards
do the shopping I went to the bank, did some shopping, and mailed
a package at the post office
2 Work/ study
do work I can’t go out this weekend – I have to do some work on an extra
project
do homework You can’t watch any TV until you’ve done your homework
do business We do business with clients in fifteen countries
do a good/ great/
terrible job
She did a good job organizing the party
do a report I’m doing a report on the history of American foreign policy
do a course We’re doing a course at the local university
3 Take care of your body
do exercise I do at least half an hour of exercise every day
do your hair I’ll be ready to go in 15 minutes – I just need to do my hair
do your nails Can you open this envelope for me? I just did my nails and
they’re still wet
4 General Good or Bad Actions
do anything /
something/ everything/
nothing
Are you doing anything special for your birthday?
You can’t do everything by yourself – let me help you
Trang 12do well I think I did pretty well in the interview.
do badly Everyone did badly on the test – the highest grade was 68
do good The non-profit organization has done a lot of good in the
community
do the right thing When I found someone’s wallet on the sidewalk, I turned it in to
the police because I wanted to do the right thing
do your best Don’t worry about getting everything perfect – just do your best
Common English Collocations with MAKE
1 Food
make breakfast/ lunch /dinner I’m making dinner – it’ll be ready in about ten minutes.make a sandwich Could you make me a turkey sandwich?
make a salad I made a salad for the family picnic
make a cup of tea Would you like me to make you a cup of tea?
make a reservation I’ve made a reservation for 7:30 at our favorite restaurant
2 Money
make money I enjoy my job, but I don’t make very much money
make a profit The new company made a profit within its first year
make a fortune He made a fortune after his book hit #1 on the bestseller list
make $ I made $250 selling my old CDs on the internet
make a phone call Please excuse me – I need to make a phone call
make a joke He made a joke, but it wasn’t very funny and no one laughed
Trang 13make a point Dana made some good points during the meeting; I think we should
consider her ideas
make a bet I made a bet with Peter to see who could do more push-ups
make a complaint We made a complaint with our internet provider about their terrible
service, but we still haven’t heard back from them
make a confession I need to make a confession: I was the one who ate the last piece of
cake
make a speech The company president made a speech about ethics in the workplace.make a suggestion Can I make a suggestion? I think you should cut your hair shorter –
it’d look great on you!
make a prediction It’s difficult to make any predictions about the future of the economy.make an excuse When I asked him if he’d finished the work, he started making excuses
about how he was too busy
make a promise I made a promise to help her whenever she needs it
I’d like to make an observation about our business plan – it’s not set
in stone, so we can be flexible
make a comment The teacher made a few critical comments on my essay
5 Plans and Progress
make plans We’re making plans to travel to Australia next year
make a decision/choice I’ve made my decision – I’m going to go to New York
University, not Boston University
make a mistake You made a few mistakes in your calculations – the correct total
is $5430, not $4530
make progress My students are making good progress Their spoken English is
improving a lot
make an attempt / effort I’m making an effort to stop smoking this year
make up your mind Should I buy a desktop or a laptop computer? I can’t make up my
Trang 14make sure Can you make sure we have enough copies of the report for
everybody at the meeting?
make a difference Getting eight hours of sleep makes a big difference in my day I
have more energy!
make an exception Normally the teacher doesn’t accept late homework,
but she made an exception for me because my backpack was stolen with my homework inside it
PRACTICE Make or do? Read the sentences and fill in the blanks with "make" or "do".
1 Mr Hill would rather housework than watch television today
2 We will need to a birthday cake for Sam because it's his birthday this
Thursday
3 Rachel doesn't want to the washing up She hates washing the dishes
4 David wants to a phone call but he can’t Because the line is busy
5 Scientists should more research on deadly diseases
6 If you morning exercises regularly, you will feel better
7 If I had a real treasure map, I would a fortune and buy expensive cars
8 Henry feels very happy because he will some business with the Chinese
Common English Collocations with The Word BIG
a big
accomplishment:
thành tựu to lớn
Getting the two leaders to sign a peace treaty was his big accomplishment
a big decision: quyết định
The party turned out to be a big disappointment
a big failure: thất bại thảm
hại
Should I die? I am a big failure in life
a big improvement: cải thiện đáng
kể
He's been having treatment for two months now without any big improvement
a big mistake: nhầm lẫn lớn She admitted that she had made a big mistake
a big surprise: ngạc nhiên lớn To my big surprise, they agreed to all our