After reading this chapter, you will be able to answer the following questions: What is the UCC? What is a sales contract? What kinds of contracts fall under the UCC interpretations? What is a merchant, and why is that designation significant? What is a lease contract? What is the CISG?
Trang 1Introduction to Sales and Lease Contracts
Copyright © 2015 McGrawHill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGrawHill Education.
Trang 2The Uniform Commercial Code
(UCC):
A uniform/model law that governs
commercial transactions, including
contracts for the sale of goods, leases, and
secured transactions
212
Trang 3 Article 1: General Provisions
Article 2: Sales
Article 2(A): Leases
Article 3: Negotiable Instruments
Article 4: Bank Deposits and
Collections
Article 4(A): Wire Transfers
Article 5: Letters of Credit
Article 6: Bulk Transfers
Article 7: Documents of Title
Article 8: Investment Securities
Article 9: Secured Transactions
Trang 4Applies to contracts for the sale
of goods
214
Trang 5 Sale: The passing of title from seller to buyer for a price
Goods: Tangible things that can be moved (Examples: Automobiles, furniture, electronics)
Mixed goods and services contracts: Contracts that include both goods and
services. UCC Article 2 applies to contract if goods are “predominant part” of transaction
Merchants: Buyers or sellers who
Deal in goods of the kind involved in contract
By occupation, represent themselves as having knowledge and skill unique to goods involved in transaction, or
Employ a merchant as a broker, agent, or other intermediary
Trang 6Applies to contracts for the lease of
goods
216
Trang 7goods for a term, in return for consideration
Trang 8How Sales and Lease Contracts Are Formed Under
The UCC
Formation in General: UCC more lenient than common law regarding
contract formation; courts evaluate intent of parties to sales or lease
contract
Offer and Acceptance
Offers valid even if terms left open
“Mirrorimage” rule does not apply
Courts evaluate each case individually to determine whether additional
terms allowed
Consideration: Mutual consideration required upon forming agreement.
When sales/lease contracts modified, modifications need not be supported
by additional consideration
Trang 9Exhibit 214: The UCC and Open Terms
Price: “Reasonable price” at time of delivery
Payment: When buyer receives goods
Delivery: Seller’s place of business
Time for Performance: “Reasonable” time
Duration of Contract: “Reasonable” period of time, with termination allowed in
good faith, and upon notice
Quantity: Contract fails for lack of definiteness
Trang 10General Rule: Contracts for sale of goods must be
in writing if goods valued at $500 or more; lease
contracts that require payments of $1,000 or more
must also be in writing
2110
Trang 11 Specificallymanufactured goods
Buyer/lessee ordered goods made to meet his/her specific needs
Goods not suitable for sale/lease to others in “ordinary course of
business; and
Seller/lessor has substantially begun manufacture of goods, or made commitments for their procurement
Admission (In legal pleadings, testimony, or court)
Partial Performance: Enforceable to extent payment made and accepted, or
to extent goods received and accepted
Trang 12UCC Contracts/Leases and the Admissibility of
Parole Evidence—Evidence Outside Written
Contract Admissible If:
Trang 13Interpretation of Sales and Lease Contracts:
Priority of Evidence
Trang 14(Definition):
In context of UCC contract for sale of
goods or lease, an agreement that is so
unfair or “onesided” that court refuses to
enforce it
2114
Trang 15(CISG)
business” sales contracts
UCC) governs international sales contracts
uniformity for global businesses