Bài giảng Kinh tế môi trường: Chương 2 - ĐH Kinh tế

Bài giảng Kinh tế môi trường: Chương 2 được biên soạn nhằm mục đích phục vụ cho việc giảng dạy. Nội dung bài giảng gồm: Giai đoạn trước 1960, giai đoạn sau 1960. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo!

Sơ lược lịch sử kinh tế

môi trường

Bộ môn Kinh tế Môi trường, Nông nghiệp và Tài nguyên

(Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Resource Economics)

1A Hoàng Diệu, Phú Nhuận, Tp.HCM

Môn học: Kinh tế môi trường

Nội dung

1 Giai đoạn trước 1960

2 Giai đoạn sau 1960

▪ Sandmo (2015) The early history of

environmental economics Review of

Environmental Economics and Policy, Vol.9:

43-63

Giai đoạn trước 1960

An eighteenth century forerunner:

Marquis de Condorcet (1776)

▪ Awareness of the links between economic

activity and environmental quality

▪ A pioneer in the use of externality arguments

for policy analysis of environmental policy (i.g forbidding harmful economic activities,

restricting property rights, undertaking public works)

▪ However, public intervention was based on

social justice, not efficiency

The classical school: From Smith to Mill

▪ Adam Smith (1776): Theory of the invisible

hand, and the provision of public goods through government action

▪ Thomas Malthus (1798): Theory of population

provided inspiration for later economists to

grapple with the issue of resource scarcity and economic development

▪ David Ricardo (1817): Theory of land rent

regarding both agriculture and mining became

of great importance for future development of environmental economics

▪ John Mill (1848) emphasized the public

nature of the natural environment and the

tasks of the government; and expressed

strong support for preserving the natural

environment.

▪ Perspectives on the classical economists: An

early awareness of the environmental

problems and a belief that public policy could improve the market outcome.

The classical school: From Smith to Mill

Practical applications: Edwin Chadwick

(1800 – 1890)

▪ A civil servant (not economist) was much

influenced by the utilitarian philosopher

Jeremy Bentham and John S Mill.

▪ Utilized classical price theory

(incentive-based mechanisms) to design incentives for environmental and social improvement.

Natural resource scarcity: William

Jevons and the coal question

▪ The lack (depletion) of coal would act as a brake

on the country’s economic growth

▪ He explicitly linked the present and future price

of coal to the cost of extraction

▪ It is just possible that some day the sunbeams

may be collected, or that some source of energy now unknown may be detected (Jevons, 1865)

The marginalist revolution and the

evironment

▪ Alfred Marshall (1890): Initial formulation of

externality concept He realized that in the presence of externalities, the market

equilibrium will no longer be socially

efficient

▪ Marshall’s effort on fisheries pioneers the

study the economics of a common property resource

Arthur Pigou (1920) and the foundations

of environmental economics

▪ Further developed the theory of externalities.

▪ Analyzed how the choice of policies, particularly

taxes, could improve the efficiency of resource

allocation.

▪ Discussed the empirical measurement of

environmental damage.

▪ Called for subsidies to afforestation as an

instrument for global climate policy.

▪ Suggested other policy options like prohibition of

the production and consumption.

The emergence of natural resource

economics

▪ Scott Gordon (1954) The economic theory

of a common-property resource: The

fishery Journal of Political Economy,

Vol.62

▪ Harold Hotelling (1931) The economics of

exhaustible resources Journal of Political

Economy, Vol 39.

Paul Samuelson (1954) and the theory

of public goods

▪ The environmental benefit-cost analysis is

the practical application of the

fundamental ideas in the theory of public goods.

▪ Pearce (2002) An intellectual history of

environmental economics Annu Rev Enery

Environ, Vol 27: 57-81.

- The establishment of RFF (resources for future)

organization in 1952

- Silent Spring by Rachel Carson in 1962

- Material balance model by Robert Ayres and

Allen Kneese 1969

- Property rights and transaction costs by Ronald

Coase 1960

Giai đoạn sau 1960

▪ The strategy of the commons by Garrett Hardin

▪ Passive use value by Krutilla 1967

▪ Polluter pays principle by OECD 1972

▪ Marketable permits by John Dales 1968

Giai đoạn sau 1960