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KEY ISSUES IN THE LAW ON

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

IN T R O D U C T IO N

To dissem inate the m ain contents o f enacted im portant codes an d ỉauis, such as the Civil Code, the Law on Investment, the Laiv on Inteỉlectual Property a n d the L a w on E nterprise

to the business com m unity, Vietnam ese a n d foreign read' ers, the J u d ìc ia l P ub lishing House, in coordination w ith the International L aw D epartm ent, the M in istry o fJ u stic e,

p u b ỉish es some books in both Vietnam ese a n d E n g lish to introduce the code a n d law s sa id above.

It is our hope that the publicatìons o f the Judicial Publish- ing House iviỉl be useful for those dom estic a n d (oreign

in d ivid u a ỉs a n d o rg a n ũ a tio n s w ko are interested in learn- ing about the Vietnamese laivs Vỉe also hope th a t these books

w ill contribute to en su rin g transparency o f the Vietnam ese legal system ■ one o f the requirem ents fo r th is country to become a m em ber o f the World Trade O rganixation CWTO).

We, therefore, have the honor to introduce th is book to readers!

A p r iỉ 2007

T H E J U D I C I A L P U B L I S H I N G H O U S E

' V

i

P a r t o n e

IN T R O D U C T IO N T O T H E LAW ON

IN T E L L E C T U A L P R O P E R T Y

Part one Introduction to the Law on Intellectual Property

PR O PER TY

The Law on Intellectual Property w as p assed by th e XI

L egislature of th e N ational Assembly a t its 8th Session on

29 November 2006: an d comes into effect on 01 Ju ly 2006

T he Law comprises ổ Parts, 18 Chapters a n d 222 Articles

C hapters (Chapters Vll ■ XI) and 99 Ai'ticles (Articles 58 ■ 156).

C h a p te r V II - C o n đ itio n s for p r o te c tio n o f in d u s tria l

p r o p e r t y r ig h ts , comprising 28 Articles (Ariícles 58 - 85)

C h a p te r X - T r a n s f e r o f i n d u s t r i a l p r o p e r t y rig h ts.

com prising 13 Articles (Articles 138 • 150)

C h a p te r X I - I n d u s t r i a l p r o p e r t y r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s ,

com prising 6 Arlicles (Atticles 151 • 156)

Key issues in the Law on Intellectual Property

e tie s , com prising 21 Articles (Articles 164 • 184).

C h a p te r X J V ■ C o n te n ts a n d lim ita tỉo n s o f r i g h t s to

p l a n t v a r ie t ie s , com prising 7 Articles (Articles 184 - 191)

C h a p te r X V - T r a n s f e r o f r ì g h t s to p la n t v a r i e t i e s ,

com prising 6 Articles (Articles 192 • 197)

P a r t five: P r o te c ti o n o f in te lle c tu a l p r o p e r ty r ig h ts , comprising 3 Chapters (Chapters XVI - XVIII) and 22 Articles (Articles 198 - 219)

C h a p te r X V I • G e n e r a l p r o v is io n s o n p r o t e c t i o n o f

i n t e l l e c t u a l p r o p e r t y r i g h t s , co m p risin g 4 A rtic le s (Articles 198 - 201)

C h a p te r X V I Ỉ • H a n d lin g o f v io ỉa tio n s o f in te lle c tu *

a l p r o p e r t y r ỉg h ts b y civil m e a s u r e s , com prising 9 Articles (Articles 202 - 210)

C h a p ter X V III • H a n d lín g o f v io la tio n s o f in te lle c tu -

al p r o p e r t y r ig h ts b y a d m i n ì s t r a t i v e a n d c r í m i n a l

m e a s u r e s ; c o n tro ) o f im p o r t a n d e x p o r t g o o d s r e l a t i n g

Part one Introduction to the Law on Intellectual Property

to in te ỉle c tu a l p r o p e r t y , com prising 9 A rticles (Articles

211 - 219)

P a r t s ỉ x : I m p le m e n ta tio n p ro v is io n s , comprising 3 Articles (Articles 220 • 222)

II KEYISSU ES IN THE LAW ON IN TELLEC TU AL PRO PERTY

1 General issu e s on intellectual property rights

1.1 Intellectual property and protectíon o f intelỉectual property

ríghts

Intellectual property can be understood as achievements resu lting from Creative activities of h u m a n beings in the process of vvorking, m an u íactu rin g an d conducting busi- ness Intellectual property is created by h u m a n intellect This property is invisible b u t very valuable because it is able to create spiritual and m aterial values, an d bring about competitive advantages to its owners, possessors or users

Intellectual property rights are recognized and protected

by law Intellectual property rig h ts are the rig h ts of organ- izations, indìviduals to their intellectual property, including copyrights and C o p y r i g h t • related rights, inđustrial pr0Ị>erty righ ts an d rig h ts to p la n t varieties

Protection of intellectual property rig h ts m eans th a t the law provides for and ensures conditions for rig h t holders

to carry out th eir rights, an d a t th e sam e tim e prevents

Key issues in the Law on Intellectual Property

and handles anv act using such rights by a third party without perm ission from th e right holders, The effective protection

of íntellectual propertv rights shall encourage Creative activities an d enhance living standards

1.2 Objects o f intellectual property rights and bases o f appearance a n d establishm ent o f intellectual property rights

Objects of intellectual property rights are works creat-

ed in th e course of working, producing and conducting business of h u m a n beings According to Article 3 of the Law on Intellectual Property, objects of intellectual prop-

e r t y r i g h ts in c lu d e co p y rig h ts Copyright - r e l a t e d rig h ts;

and in d u stria l property rights; rights to p lan t varieties These are as follows:

• C opyrights are the righ ts of organizations, individuals

to works createđ or owned by them Objects of copyrights are literary, artistic an d scientific works;

• Copyright ■ related rights are the rig h ts of organiza-

tions, ìndiviUuals to performances, phonograms, broad- castin g program s, and satellite signals carrying encrypted

p ro g ram O bjects of Copyright - re la te d rig h ts a re perform- ances, phonogram s, broadcasting program s, and satellite signals carrying encrypted program;

■ ỉndustrial property rights are the rights of organizations,

individuals to inventions; inđustrial designs; layout-desígns

Part one Introduction to the Law on Intellectual Property

of semi-conductor in te g ra te d circuits: a n d so on Objects of

in d u strial rig h ts incỉude in v en tio n s; in d u s tria ỉ designs; layout-designs of sem i-conductor in te g ra te d circuits; busi- ness secrets; tradem ark s: tr a d e n a m e s, a n d geographical indications;

• R ig h ts to p la n t varieties a r e th e r ig h ts of organiza-

tions, individuals to the new p la n t v a rie tie s which a re cre-

a ted or discovered and developed by a n d fall u n d e r the

ow nership right of such o rg a n iz a tio n s o r individuals Objects of rig h ts to p la n t v a rie tie s include p la n t varieties

a n d m aterials for breeding varieties

Intellectual property is invísible property: therefore, the identification of tim e of a n d b ases for ap p e aran ce and estab lish m en ts of in te lle c tu a l p ro p e rty rig h ts is very

im p o rta n t According to A rtic le 6 of th e Law on Intellectual Property, b ases for a p p e a ra n c e an d establish-

m en t of intellectual p roperty rig h ts a re as follows:

• Copyrights shall arise a t th e m o m en t w hen a work is

created an d expressed in a c e rta in m a te ria l form regard- less of its content, quality, form , m ean lang;uage, w h eth e r

or not it has been published o r registered;

• Copyright-related rigkts shall arise a t th e m oment when

a perĩormance, a phonogram , a b ro a đ c a st p ro g ram an d a satellite signal carrying en c ry p te d program is fixed with- out prejudice to copyrights;

Key issues in the Law on Intellectual Property

■ In te lle c tu a l property rig h ts sh a ll be establish ed as

follows:

+ In d u s tria l p roperty rig h ts in inventions, in đ u strial designs, layout-designs, m arks, geographical indications shall be e stab lish ed on the basis of th e com petent State

a u th o rity ’s decision on th e g ra n t of Protection Title;

+ In d u s tria l p ro p erty rig h ts to tra d e nam es shall be estab lish ed on th e basis of lawful use of the trad e names;

+ I n d u s tria l p roperty rig h ts in b usiness secrets shall be estab lish ed on th e b asis of legal acqu irem en t an d secret keeping of th e b u sin ess secrets;

+ R ig h t to repression of un fair com petition shall be estab lish ed on th e b asis of com petition iti~business

• R ig h ts to new p la n t varieties shall be established on

th e b asis of th e com petent State a u th o rity ’s decision on the

g r a n t of P la n t V ariety Protection Title

The Lãw on In tellectu al P ro p erty recognizes th e legal regim e for co-protection of intellectual property rights Accordingly, one object of intellectual property rig h ts may enjoy Copyright protection and enjoy oth er types of protection such as invention, u tility solution or in d u stria l desig:ns protection

Part one Introduction to the Law on Intellectual Property

1.4 State administration o f intellectual property rights

M inistry of Science and Technology shall carry out

S tate adm in istration of in d u stria l property rights and copyrights w ith regard to vvorks which a re not literary and artistic ones: the M in istry of C u ltu re and Information shall carry out S tate ad m in istratio n of copyrights w ith regard to literarv and artistic vvorks; the M inistry of Agriculture and R ural D evelopm ent shall carry out S tate

ad m in istratio n of righ ts to p la n t varieties

2 C opyrights and copyrighỉs-related rights

2.1 Copyrights

- A utho rs are persons who create works W ith reg ard to

works created by more th a n one person, all such persons

are co-authors of the works.

- Works-obJects o f copyrights protection- are works cre- ated in literary, artistic and scientific Tields in an y form or

by any mean The classification of works may base on th eir content forms or tim e of publication

■ Conditions for protectỉon o f copyrights: The Law on

Intellectual Property provides for conditions for protection

of copyrights as follows:

+ O rganization an d individual having protected

copy-Key issues in the Law on Intellectual Property

Part one Introductíon to the Law on Intellectual Property

rig h ts m u st be persons who have directly created the work

or m u st be copyrights owners:

+ Works m u st be in protected literary, artistic an d sci- entiĩic fields

• Content o f Copyright protection: Copyrights are divid*

ed into personal rights and property rights

+ Personal rights are rig h ts a tta ch ed to each person

a n d cannot be íransfered to others, u n less the law other-

wise provides for Personal rig h ts are iđentified a t the time

a work is createđ and a t the sam e tim e, property rights are established In fact, personal rights a r e conditions for estab lishm en t of property rights P ersonal rig h ts include transferable personal rights an d non-transferabIe rights

+ Property rights are rights to enjoy m aterial benefits

Luhen a work is used in form s o ĩ perform ance, exhibition,

broadcasting or telecasting P roperty rig h ts shall arise a t

th e tim e a u th o rs publish th e ir works or allow o th ers to use

th e ir works

• L im ita tio n s o f Copyright protection: th e Law on

Intellectual Property provides for lim itations of Copyright protection in certain cases in order to ensure public interests (Clause 1 Article 25 of the Law on Intellectual Property)

• Tim e ỉim its for Copyright protection: th e Law on

Intellectual Property provides for such tim e limits as follows:

+ Cinem atographic works, photographic works, dra- matic works, applied a r t works, anonym ous w orks shall have the term of protection of 50 years from th e ir first pub- lications;

+ O th er works of any o th e r type not m entioned above shall have the term of protection being d u ring th e life of the au th o r an d for 50 years from the year of h is or her death; in respect of works created by co-authors, th e term

of protection shall end a t th e 50th y ear after th e y ear of death of th e la st surviving co-author

Term s of protection of works above shall en d a t 24 o’clock of th e date of 31 December of th e year w hen th e pro- tection term ends

■ Protection conditions o f copyright-reỉated rights:

Copyright - related rig h ts a r e the rig h ts of organizations, indiviđuals tồ perform ances, phonograms, broađcasting program s, satellite signals carry in g encrypteđ program provideđ for in detail in Article 16 an d Article 17 of the Law on Intellectual Property

• Protection content a n d tim e ỉim its o f copyright-reỉated rights: C ontents and tim e lím its for protection of copy-

right-related rig h ts a re different, đepending on subjects

an d objects of such copyright-related rig h ts an d provided

Key issues in the Law on Intellectual Property

for in detail in Article 29, Article 30 and Article 31 of the Law on Intellectual Property.

• Protection lim ita tio n s o f copyright-reỉated rights:

Sim ilar to th e purposes of protection lim itations of copy- rig h ts, the protection lim ita tio n s of copyright-related rig h ts aim a t serving the in te re sts of the public an d socie-

ty The Law on Intellectual P ro p erty provides in detail for cases w here th e use of copyright-related rig hts shall not req u ire obtaining perm ission an d paying royaỉties and rem u n eratio n (Article 32)

2.3 Transter o f copyríghts and copyríght-retated ríghts

• Form s o f transfer o f copyrights a n d copyright-related rights: the tra n sfe r of copyrights an d copyright-related

rig h ts m ay be carried o u t in th e forms of assign m en t or licensing of co p yrig h ts a n d c o p y rig h t-re la te d rights

A ssignm ent of copyrights, related rig h ts is the assignm ent

of ow ner righ ts stip u lated in A rticles 19.3, 20, 29.3, 30 and

31 of the Law on Intellectual P rop erty by copyrights and related rightp owners to o th e r organizations, individuals

u n d er a contract or u n d er relev a n t legislation

• R ig h ts th a t are eligibỉe fo r assig n m en t o f copyrights

a n d copyright-related rights: T he tra n s íe r of copyrights

an d copyright-related rig h ts (including both assignm ent

an d licensing of such ríghts) shall only apply to rights o f

Part one Introduction to the Law on Intellectual Property

copyrights OLuners, rights o f perform ers, rights o f sound

a n d video recording producers, rig h ts o f broadcasting organU ations.

related rights

The reg istratio n of copyrights, re la te d rig h ts m e an s an

a u th o r or a copyrights, reỉated rig h ts oivner fĩles an appli- cation a n d attached docum ents w ith the com petent State

a u th orities to a ttest the inform ation o f a u th o r, work copy*

rig h ts a n d related rights ovvner

Application for registration of copyrights a n d copy- rig h t-relate d rig h ts an d com petence in g r a n tin g C opyright

R egistration Certificates a n d R elated R ig h ts R egistration

C ertiĩicates are provided for in A rticle 50 a n d A rticle 51 of

th e Law on In tellectual Property

C opyright R egistration Certificates a n d R elated Rights

R eg istratio n Certiricates shall be effective in th e whole ter- rito ry of V ietnam an d recorded in th e N atio n al R egister of Copyrights, Related rights

3 Industrial property rights

In addition to copyrights, rig h ts to p la n t varieties,

in d u s tria l p roperty rights a re also one type of in tellectual

p ro p erty rights In d u s tria l property rig h ts a r e th e rig h ts of

Key issues in the Law on intellectual Property

o rg a n iz a tio n s , in d iv id u a ls to in v e n tio n s; in d u s tr ia l designs; layout-designs of semi-conductor in te g ra te d cir- cuits; tra d e m a rk s; tra d e nam es, geographical índications

b u s i n e s s s e c r e t s c r e a t e d o r o w n e d b y t h e m a n d r i g h t s to

repression of u n fair com petition {Clause 4 A rticỉe 4 o f the

Lau/ on ỉn tellectu a l Property).

and protection requirements for such objects

■ Invention:

An invention shall be eligible for protection by granti-

ng of a n Invention P a te n t if it m eets th ree conđitions, namely; to be novel, to involve an inventive step, a n d to be susceptible of in d u stria l application Such conditions are provided for in detail in Articles 58, 60, 61 an d 62 of th e Law on Intellectu al Property

• ỉn d u s tr ia l designs:

In d u stria l design is appearance o f a p roduct expressed

in sh ap es, lines, dim ensions, colors or an y com bination thereoí A ppearance of a product t h a t is d ictated by tech- nical íe a tu re s of th e product shall not be protected as

in d u stria l đesigns P u rs u a n t to A rticle 63, a n in d u stria l

design shall be e li^ b le for protection i f it m eets three con-

d itio n s, nam ely: to be new, to be Creative, an d to be suscep- tible of in d u s tria l appỉication

Part one tntroduction to the Law on Intellectual Property

• M arks

A m ark is a sign used to d istin g u ỉsh goods or services o f

d ỉffere n t o rg an itatỉons a n d in d iv id u a ls A m a rk shall be

eligible for protection if it m eets conditions provided for in

A rticle 72 of th e Law on Intellectu al P ro p erty Accordingly,

a m a rk is a visible sign in th e form of le tte rs, vvords, pic-

tu r e s , Tigures, including th ree-d im en sio n al íìg u res or a com bination thereoí rep resen ted in One o r m ore colors;

a n d is capable of distinguishing goods or services of th e

m a rk owner from those of others A m a rk n o t only shows

th e n a m e of a product or S e r v i c e b u t also show s its origin

A m a r k is very useíul in giving c o n s u m e rs inform ation of goods’ origin Not like o th e r subject m a tte r s of intellectual

p ro p e rty such a s inventions, or in d u s tria l designs, m arks

a re n o t created by intellectual Creative activities M arks

a re available symbols used by b u sin e ssm e n to m a rk th e ir goods o r services

- Trade na me

T ra d e nam e is a designation o f a n org a n ixa tio n or indi-

vid u a l used in biísiness to d istin g u is k th e b u sin e ss entity bearing such designation fro m other b usiness en tities acting

in th e sam e ĩieỉd or a re a of business T ra d e n a m e is used

to m an ifest b u sin ess en tities, not goods or services provid-

e d by such business en tities A tra d e n a m e s h a ll b e elìgible

Key issues in the Law on Intellectual Property

for protection if it is capable of đ istin g u ish in g th e business

e n tity b e a rin g such tr a d e nam e from o th e r b u sin ess entì- ties a c tin g in th e sam e Tield a n d locality of business

■ G eographical ỉndìcation

C lau se 22 Article 4 of th e Law on Intellectual P roperty

provides th at; “G eographical indication is a sign used to

in d ica te a p ro d u ct o rig in atin g from a specifĩc area, locali-

ty, region or country" A geographical ìndication sh all be

eligible for protection if it m eets lwo conditions nam ely, (i)

th e p roduct having th e geographical indication orig in ates from th e area, locality, territo ry or country corresponding

to such geographicaỉ indication: and (ii) th e product having

th e geographical indication has rep u tatio n , qu ality or

ch a ra c te ristic s essen tiallv a ttrib u ta b le to th e geographical conditions of th e area, locality territo rv or countrv corre- sponding to such geographicaỉ indication

- B u sin e ss secret

B u sin ess secret is inform ation obtained from rinancial

in tellectu al in v e s tm e n t which is undisclosed in to appỉica- tion in business Therefore, th e law only protects secret inform ation re la tin g to business; o th e r types of informa- tion vvhich a re not re la te d to busm ess shall not be protect-

eđ even th o u gh they have economic values

3.2 Establishment otinơustriaìproperty ríghts to inventions,

Part one Introduction to the Law on Intellectual Property

indusưial designs, layout designs, marks and geographical indications

P u rs u a n t to th e Law on In te lle c tu a l P ro p erty , au th o rs are entitled to reg ister th e ir in v en tio n s, in d u s tria l designs, layout designs, m a rk s a n d geographical ind icatio ns w ith reg ard to th e ir works In o rd e r to re g is te r to esta b lish th e ir intellectual property rig hts, th e y m u s t s u b m it a n appỉica- tion an d other relateđ p a p e rs as s tip u la te d by law

ríghts

■ Oivners a n d scope o f in d u s tr ia l property rights: These

are im p o rtan t issues in th e Law on In te lle c tu a l Property

T he ovvnership of objects of in d u s tria l p ro p e rty rig h ts sh all

be e s ta b lis h e đ a u to m a tic a lly o r by t h e g r a n t of a Protection Title as provided for in Article 121 of th e Law

on Intellectụal Property W ith re g a rd to rig h ts of owners,

th e Law on ỉn tellectu al P ro p e rty provides t h a t th e owners

of inventions, in d u stria l designs a n d layout-designs m ay

a t th e same tim e be a u th o rs of such in v entio n s, in d u stria l designs and layout-designs In cases w here, w h ere more

th a n one person to g eth er h a v e d irectly c rea ted th e indus- tria i property object they sh a ll be co-owners T h e ow ner of

a n in d u strial property object sh a ll h av e som e property rights, nam ely (i) to use o r p e r m it o th e rs to use th e indus- tria l property object; (ii) to p ro h ib it o th e rs from using the

K«y issues in the Law on Intellectual Property

in d u s tria l p ro p erty object if t h a t using does not fall under cases allowed by th e Law on Intellectu al Property: a n d (iii)

to đispose off th e in d u s tria l p ro p erty object

• L im ita tio n s o f in d u stria ỉ pro p erty rights: According to

th e Lavv on In tellectu al P ro p erty , th e ow ner of a n industri-

al p ro p erty object shall h av e rig h ts to use, dispose off or prohibit o th e rs from u sin g th e ín d u stria l property object However such rig h ts by th e ow ner are not absolute but

m ay be lim iteđ a s provided for in detail from Article 132 to

A rticle 135 of th e Law on Intellectua! Property

3.4 Transter o f industrial property rights

The tra n s fe r of in d u s tria l propertv rights is provided for in C h a p te r X (from Article 138 to Article 150) with

d etailed co n ten ts such a s a s sig n m e n t of in d u stria l proper-

ty rig h ts, licensing of in d u stria l property objects compul* sory tr a n s íe r of in v en tìo n s a n d reg istratio n o íc o n tra c ts for tra n s fe r of in đ u s tria l p ro p ertv rights

3.5 Inơustrial property representative

In d u s tria l p ro p erty re p re se n ta tiv e ís one of m any

im p o rta n t íacto rs c o n trib u tin g to effective protection of rig h ts of a u th o rs a n d ovvners to in d u stria l property objects;

a n d a t th e sam e tim e, c re a tin g favorable conditions to develop a S tan d a rd protection system ; prom oting Creative activities Itid u stria l p ro p e rty rep re sen tativ e is provided

Part one Introduction to the Law on Intellectual Property

for in detail from Article 151 to Article 156 of th e Law on Intellectual Property.

4 Rights to plant varieties

4.1 Plant varíetíes and protection o f plant varíeties

In ag ricu ltu ral activities, p la n t v a rie tie s a re very

ím po rtant a n d indispensable Thereĩore, new p la n t vari- eties shoulđ be continuously created, a n d rig h ts to such

p la n t varieties of persons creating them sh o u ld be protect-

eđ The Lavv on Intellectual Property devotes th e entire

P a r t 4 with 41 Articles (from Article 157 to Article 197) providing for protectíon of p lant varieties T h is is th e first time, the protection of rig h ts to p la n t v a rie tie s a n d o th e r objects of intellectual property rig h ts is provided for in a uniíorm m a n n er in a specialized law w ith hig h position in

th e legal system

4.2 Protection conditions otríghts to p/ant varíeties

According to Article 158 of th e Law on Intellectu al Propertv, conditions for protection of rig h ts to p la n t vari- eties are a s follows: ‘T h e p la n t variety over w hich rights are to be protected is a variety which is b red or discovered

an d developed, beỉonging to th e L ist of species able to be protected by S ta te issued by the M in istry of A griculture

an d Rural Development, t h a t variety is new, d istỉn ct,

uni-Key issues in the Law on Inỉellectual Property

form , sta b le a n d h a s a p ro p er d e n o m in a tio n ".

4.3 Establishment o f rights to plant varieties

E sta b lis h m e n t of ríghts to p la n l varieties is an impor-

ta n t issue in section of legal provisions on rights to p lan t varieties According to the Law on Intellectual Property, to obtain protectíon of the rig h ts to a new p lan t variety,

o rg an izatio n s an d individuals m u s t subm it the application

of re g ístra tio n for protection to the S ta te adm inistrative

a u th o rity of rig h ts to p lan t varieties The process of han- dling th e application is as foỉỉows: receiving the applica- tion, revising form of the application, publishing the appli- catlon a n d g ra n tin g or n o t g ra n tin g P la n t V arieties Protection Certifícale

The g ra n tin g of P la n t V arieties Protection Certificate

is a very im p o rta n t legal basis for protection of rights to

p la n t varieties

4.4 Contents and limitations ofríghts to plant varieties

In o rd e r to protect the in te re sts of pprsons who create new p la n t varietíes, the Law on Intellectual Property pro- vides for co n ten ts an d lim itations of rig h ts to p lan t vari- eties from A rticle 185 to Article 191

4.5 Transíer o f rights to plant varíeties

P la n ts varieties are an im p o rta n t object of intellectual

Part one Introduction to the Law on Intellectual Property

property H owever, p la n t v a rie tie s a re also knowleđge-

b a se d type of goods, se rv in g directly th e socio-economic developm ent process T herefore, th e Law on Intellectual

P ro p e rty provides for conditions for assig n m e n t, licensing

a n d com pulsory licen sin g of rig h ts to p la n t varieties in som e specific cases

5 Protection o f intellectual property ríghts

In te lle c tu a l p ro p e rty rig h ts a re protected th ro u g h legal rem edies T h e S ta te id e n tiíles a c ts in írin g in g up o n intel- lectu al p ro p erty rig h ts a n d provides for corresponding legal rem edies in o rđ e r to p ro tect le g itim ate rig h ts an d

in te r e s ts of o rg an iza tio n s a n d ind iv id u als in th e intellectu-

al p roperty field T h e L aw on In te lle c tu a l P ro p e rty devotes

P a r t Five w ith 22 A rticles to providing for in tellectual

p ro p e rty protection L egal m e a s u re s for in te lle ctu a l prop-

e rty protection a r e (i) pro tection by oneself; (ii) protection

by S ta te c o m p ete n t a u th o ritie s h a n d lin g th e in írin g em en t

of in tellectu al p ro p e rty rig h ts; a n d (iii) legal rem edies for protection of in te lle c tu a l p ro p e rty rights

Key íssues ỉn the Law on Intellectual Property

P a r t T iv o

T H E LA W O N I N T E L L E C T U A L P R O P E R T Y

TABLE 0 F CONTENTS The LAW ON IN TELLEC TU AL PR O PE R TY

P a r t o n e

Article 3 Objects of intellectual properíy righỉs 308

Article 7 Restrictions of intellectual property rights 314

Artícle 8 State policies on íntellectual property ríghỉs 315

Article 9 Rights and responsibilities of organizations.

individuals in protection of íntellectual property

Article 10 Contents of the State administration of

PR O TEC TIO N CONDITIONS 0 F CO PYRIG H TS 319

Articie 13 Authors, ovvners of Copyright having

Article 15 Subject matter excluded from copyrights

Article 23 Copyríghts to folk artistic and literary vvorks 328

Article 24 Copyright to literary, artistic and s c ie n tiíic vvorks 328 Article 25 Use of published vvorks vvithout obtaining per-

mission and paying royalties, remuneration 329

Article 26 Use of published vvorks vvíỉhout obtaining

per-mission but paying royalties, remuneration 3 3 0

Articíe 27 Terms of copyrights protection 3 3 1

Section 2

CONTENTS, LIM ITATIO N S AND TE R M S O F R E LA T E D RIGHTS 334

Article 30 Rights of producers of phonograms 3 3 5

Article 31 Rights of Broadcasting Organízations 336

Artìcle 32 Use of reiated rights without obtaining

per-missíon and paying royalties and remuneration 3 3 0

Article 33 Use of related rights without obtaíníng

per-mission but paying royalties and remuneration 3 3 7

Artícle 34 Terms of Related Rights Protection 3 3 8

Article 35 Related Ríghts lnfríngement 3 3 9

C O P Y R IG H T S O W N ERS

A N D R E L A T E D R IG H T S O W N ER S 340

Article 37 Copyrights Ovvner is an author 341

Article 38 Copyrights Ovvner is a co-author 341

Articỉe 39 Copyrights owner is an organization or indi'

viđual that assigns a duty to or contract with

Article 41 Copyrights Owner is a c o p y r ig h ts assignee 342

C h a p t e r I I I

Article 48 Contracỉ for use of copyríghts related ríghts 346

C hapter I V

C h a p l e r V

REGISTRATION CERTIKICATION

0 F COPYRIGHTS AND RELATED R IG H T S 347

Artlcle 49 Registration of copyrights and related rights 347

Article 50 Application for registration of copyrights/related

Article 51 Competent in granting Copyright Registration

Certílĩcates and Retated Rìghts Regísỉration

Article 55 Re*issue replace or annulment of the valídity

of Copyright Registration Certiticate, Related

R E P R E S E N T A T IV E , C O N S U LT A N C Y

A N D S E R V IC E O R G A N IZ A TIO N S IN T H E P IE LD S

O F C O P Y R IG H T S , R E L A T E D R IG H T S 353

Article 56 Collective management organizations of copy'

Article 57 Consultancy and S ervice organizations of

PRO TECTIO N R EQ U IR EM EN TS FO R INVENTIO NS 355

Artícle 58 General requirements for inventions eligible

Article 59 Subject matters not p ro te c te d as inventions 356

C h a p te r VI

Article 61 Inventíve step of inventíons 358

Article 62 Susceptibilíty of industrial application of

S e c t i o n 2

PRO TECTIO N REQ U IREM EN TS

Article 63 General requírements for indusỉrial designs

Article 64 Subject matters not protected as industrial

A rticle 66 Creativity of industrial designs 360

A rlicle 67 Susceptibility of industrial application of

S e c t i o n 3

PRO TECTIO N REQ Ư IREM EN TS

Article 68 General requirements for layout-designs

Article 69 Subject matters not protected as

Article 71 Commercial novelty of layout-designs 362

S e c t i o n 4

PR O T E C T IO N R E Q Ư IR E M E N T S FO R M A R K S 363

Article 72 General requirements for marks eligible for

Article 75 Criteria for r e c o g n it io n of a well-known mark 368

Article 77 Subject matters not protecỉed as trade names 369

S e c t ỉ o n 6

PR O T E C T IO N R E Q U IR E M E N T S

FO R G E O G R A P H IC A L IN D IC A TIO N S 370

A rticle 79 General requirements for geographical

Article 80 Subject matters not protected as geographical

A rticle 61 Reputatíon, qualíty and characteristics of

Products having geographical indicatíons 371

A rticle 82 Geographical conditions relevanỉ to

A rtícle 84 General requírements for business secrets

A rticle 85 Subject matters not protected as busíness

REG ISTRATIO N 0 F INVENTIONS,

IN D U STRIAL DESIGNS, LA Y O U T DESIGNS, MARKS

AND G E O G R A P H IC A L INDICATIONS 374

Article 66 The right ỉo re g is tra tio n of an invention.

industrial desígn and layout-design 374

Article 87 Right ỉo registratíon of a mark 375

Article 88 Right to regístration of geographícal

Article 89 Mode of tiiing registraỉion applications for

the establishment of industríal property rights 378

Artícle 93 Validity of the Protection Titles 381

C h a p te r VIII