Tài liệu tổng hợp các cấu trúc ngữ pháp trong Tiếng Anh lớp 9 với các thì trong Tiếng Anh, các loại câu điều kiện, các bài tập rèn luyện kỹ năng ngữ pháp có kèm theo đáp án. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo tài liệu.
Trang 1Microsoft English grammar grade 9 1
Appendix
I Tense - Các thì
II Conditional sentences - Câu điều kiện
III Wish - Câu ước
IV Passive Voice - Câu Bị Động
V Reported Speech - Câu Trực Tiếp - Gián Tiếp
VI Tag Question - Câu hỏi đuôi
VII Relative Clauses - Mệnh Đề Quan Hệ
VIII Comparison - Câu so sánh
IX Article - Mạo từ
X Quantifiers – Định lượng từ
XI Enough, Too, So, Such
XII Structures to V, V_ing – Cấu trúc to V, V_ing
XIII Clauses and Phases - Mệnh đề và Cụm từ
I WISH – Clauses & IF ONLY – Clauses
VI AS IF/ AS THOUGH/ IT’S (HIGH)TIME / WOULD RATHER
XIV So, Too, Neither, Either
XVI Conjunctions - Liên Từ
Trang 2English grammar grade 9 2
English grammar grade 9
I Tense - Thì tiếng anh
1 Thì hiện tại đơn - simple present tense
- Với động từ tobe
Khẳng định : S+ am/ is/ are + o
Phủ định : S + am/ is/ are + not + o
Nghi vấn : Am/ is/ are + s + o
Lưu ý : Ta thêm "Es" Sau các động từ tận cùng là: o, s, x, ch, sh
b Dấu hiệu nhận biết: Always, usually, often, sometimes , generally, seldom, etc., (a fact, habit, or
repeated action), every time, as a rule, every day (every other day), once (a month), once in a while,…
c Cách dùng:
1 Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả một chân lý , một sự thật hiển nhiên
Ex: The sun ries in the East
2 Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả 1 thói quen , một hành động xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại
Ex: Mary often goes to school by bicycle
3 Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả năng lực của con người :
Ex : He plays badminton very well
4 Thì hiện tại đơn còn diễn tả một kế hoạch sắp xếp trước trong tương lai hoặc thời khoá biểu , đặc biệt
dùng với các động từ di chuyển
2 Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn - present progressive
a Công thức:
Khẳng định : S + be (am/ is/ are) + V_ing …
Phủ định : S+ be + not + V_ing …
Nghi vấn : Be + s+ V_ing …
b Cách dùng:
1 Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra ở thời điểm đang nói
Ex: I am reading ( Tôi đang đọc)
2 Một hành động xảy ra có tính chất tạm thời
Ex: She is working (cô ấy đang làm việc)
3 Một hành động lúc nào cũng xảy ra liên tục (thường có thêm usually, always trong câu)
Ex: I am usually thinking of you (tôi thường nghĩ về bạn)
a Chỉ một việc đang xảy ra ngay lúc nói chuyện/hiện hành
Ex: I am reading an English book now
b Chỉ việc xảy ra trong tương lai (khi có trạng từ chỉ tương lai)
Ex: I am going to call on Mr John tom / I am meeting her at the cinema tonight
Những động từ không chia ở HTTD
- know -understand - keep - be - see - hear - hope
- wish - smell - seem - need - consider - expect - sound
- agree - notice - look - start -begin - finish - stop
- taste - enjoy - love/ like - want - prefer - fall - wonder
- have to - feel
Trang 3English grammar grade 9 3
c Từ nhận biết: Right now , at the moment , at present , now , shhh! , listen! , look! , this semester At the
time = at this time = at present (hiện nay)
- at the present - do you hear?
- keep silent ! = Be quiet! - pay attention to !
- don’t make noise: - today
- don’t talk in class - where + be + s ?
3 Thì hiện tại hoàn thành - present perfect
a Công thức:
Khẳng định : S + have/ has + past participle (V3)
Phủ định : S + have/ has + not+ past participle (V3)
Nghi vấn : Have/ has +S+ past participle (V3)
* Lưu ý : I, THEY ,WE, YOU + HAVE + (V3)
SHE, HE, IT + HAS + (V3)
b Cách dùng:
- Thì hiện tại hoàn thành diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra hoặc chưa bao giờ xảy ra ở 1 thời gian không xác định trong quá khứ
- Thì hiện tại hoàn thành cũng được dùng với since và for
- Since + mốc thời gian (1995, I was young, this morning etc.) Khi người nói dùng since, người nghe phải
tính thời gian là bao lâu
- For + khoảng thời gian (từ lúc đầu tới bây giờ) Khi người nói dùng for, người nói phải tính thời gian là
bao lâu
- Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ, vẫn kéo dài đến hiện tại (có thể đến tương lai)
- Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không đề cập đến thời gian cụ thể
- Diễn tả hành động xảy ra lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần trong qk nhưng không đề cập đến thời gian
- Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ còn hậu quả ở hiện tại
c Từ nhận biết:
Never, ever, in the last fifty years, this semester (summer,year…) , since, for, so far, up to now, up until , just, now, up to the present, yet, recently, lately, in recent years, many times, once, twice, and in his/her whole life, Already, the first time, the second times, the third times…
Chú ý: s + have/ has + never/ever/ already /just… + (V3)
4 Thì Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn (Present Perfect Continuous):
a Công thức
Khẳng định : S + have/ has + been + V_ing + O
Phủ định : S + have/ has + not + been + V_ing + O
Nghi vấn : Have/ has + S + been + V_ing + O?
b Từ nhận biết:
all day, all week, since, for, for a long time, almost every day this week, recently, lately, in the past week,
in recent years, up until now, and so far
c Cách dùng: Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian của 1 hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ và tiếp tục tới hiện tại (có thể tới tương lai)
5 Thì quá khứ đơn - past simple
Trang 4English grammar grade 9 4
c Dấu hiệu nhận biết
- Yesterday, ago, last (night, week, month, year ), from… to
- In + năm trong quá khứ (vd: in 1995, 1999), in the old days
Khẳng định : S + was/were + V_ing …
Phủ định : S + wasn’t/weren’t+ V-ing …
Nghi vấn : Was/were + s+ V-ing …?
Lưu ý: I, THEY, WE , YOU + WERE + V-ing
SHE, HE, IT + WAS + V-ing
Chủ ngữ + were/was + động từ thêm -ing While + thì quá khứ tiếp diễn (past progressive)
b Cách sử dụng
1 Diễn tả hành động đang sảy ra tại thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ
Ex: What were you doing at 8.00 last night ? I was watching television
2 Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra thì bị hành động khác xen vào trong quá khứ
Ex: While I was having a bath, the phone rang
3 Diễn tả hai hành động đang diễn ra cùng một lúc
Ex: I was learning my lesson while my parents were watching TV at 8.30 last night
c Các từ nhận biết:
- At that moment ( vào lúc đó)
- At that time ( vào lúc đó)
- At this time yesterday ( vào lúc này hôm qua)
- At this time last night ( vào lúc này tối hôm qua)
- At 4 (5, 6 …) o'clock yesterday ( vào lúc 4 (5, 6…) giờ hôm qua.)
- All day yesterday ( suốt ngày hôm qua)
- All last week = during last week (trong suốt tuần) + thời gian ở quá khứ
- The whole of….(toàn bộ) + thời gian ở quá khứ
7 Thì Quá Khứ HOÀN THÀNH - (Past perfect)
a Công thức
Khẳng định : S + had + V3/ed…
Phủ định : S + had + not +V3/ed…
Nghi vấn : Had + S + V3/ed… ?
b Cách sử dụng
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác hoặc thời điểm khác trong quá khứ
- Chúng ta thường sử dụng các từ nối như before, after, just, when, as soon as, by the time, until,…
Ex: After I had cleaned the room, my mom called (Sau khi tôi dọn xong phòng thì mẹ gọi)
- Hành động xảy ra như là điều kiện tiên quyết cho hành động khác
Trang 5English grammar grade 9 5
Ex: I had had a girl friend and would marriage to her (Tôi có một người bạn gái và tôi sẽ cưới cô ấy)
8 Thì tương lai - simple future
a Công thức
Khẳng định : S + shall/ will + V_inf V_inf = V_infinitive : Verb nguyên thể Phủ định : S + shall/ will + not+ V_inf …
Nghi vấn : Shall/ will + s + V_inf …?
b Cách sử dụng: - Diễn tả hđ sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai
- Diễn tả hđ quyết định nay lúc nói
- Lưu ý: Không sử dụng Will, Shall sau before, after, when, while, as soon as, until, if
c Dấu hiệu nhận biết
- Tomorrow (ngày mai), next (week, month, year ), someday (một ngày nào đó)
- In the future, soon (chẳng bao lâu nữa), tonight, in a few day’s time
- In a week, in a minute, in + năm chưa tới
Before After
By the time
S + WILL + V(inf) + when + S + V(s,es)
as soon as until
9 Thì tương lai gần – near future
a Công thức : Am/is/are + going to +v
b Từ để nhận dạng : This , tonight, tomorrow, next , in ,
c Cách dùng:
- Khi đoán (predict, guess), dùng will hoặc be going to
- Khi chỉ dự định trước, dùng be going to không được dùng will
- Chủ từ + am (is/are) going to + động từ (ở hiện tại: Simple form)
- Khi diễn tả sự tình nguyện hoặc sự sẵn sàng, dùng will không được dùng be going to
- Chủ từ + will + động từ (ở hiện tại: Simple form)
10 TƯƠNG LAI TIẾP DIỄN: (FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE)
a Form (Công thức) : S + will be + V_ing
b Dấu hiệu nhận biết
- While, tomorrow, next (week, month, year ), someday (một ngày nào đó)
- In the future, soon (chẳng bao lâu nữa), tonight, in a few day’s time
- In a week, in a minute, in + năm chưa tới
11 FUTURE PERFECT TENSE: ( tương lai hoàn thành)
a Form (Công thức): S + will have + V3/ed
b Dấu hiệu nhận biết: Before, after, by the time, by + một điểm thời gian ở tương lai
12 Thì Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn (Present Perfect Continuous):
a Công thức
Khẳng định : S + have/ has + been + V_ing + O
Phủ định : S + have/ has + not + been + V_ing + O
Nghi vấn : Have/ has + S + been + V_ing + O?
b Từ nhận biết:
all day, all week, since, for, for a long time, almost every day this week, recently, lately, in the past week, in recent years, up until now, and so far
c Cách dùng: Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian của 1 hành động đã xảy ra
trong quá khứ và tiếp tục tới hiện tại (có thể tới tương lai)
Trang 6English grammar grade 9 6
EXERCISE 1: Use the correct form of verbs in brackets
1 In all the world, there (be) only 14 mountains that (reach) above 8,000 meters
2 He sometimes (come) to see his parents
3 When I (come) , she (leave) for Dalat ten minutes ago
4 My grandfather never (fly) in an airplane, and he has no intention of ever doing so
5 We just (decide) that we (undertake) the job
6 He told me that he (take) a trip to California the following week
7 I knew that this road (be) too narrow
8 Right now I (attend) class Yesterday at this time I (attend) class
9 Tomorrow I’m going to leave for home When I (arrive) at the airport, Mary (wait) for me
10 Margaret was born in 1950 By last year, she (live) on this earth for 55 years
11 The traffic was very heavy By the time I (get) to Mary’s party, everyone already (arrive)
12 I will graduate in June I (see) you in July By the time I (see) you , I (graduate)
13 I (visit) my uncle’s home regularly when I (be) a child
14 That book (be) on the table for weeks You (not read) it yet ?
15 David (wash) his hands He just (repair) the TV set
16 You (be) here before? Yes, I (spend) my holidays here last year
17 We never (meet) him We don’t know what he (look) like
18 The car (be) ready for him by the time he (come) tomorrow
19 On arriving at home I (find) that she just (leave) a few minutes before
20 When we (arrive) in London tonight, it probably (rain)
21 It (rain) hard We can’t do anything until it (stop)
22 Last night we (watch) TV when the power (fail)
23 That evening we (stay) up to talk about the town where he (live) for some years
24 I (sit) down for a rest while the shoes (repair)
25 Half way to the office Paul (turn) round and (go) back home because he (forget) to turn the gas off
26 London (change) a lot since we first (come) to live here
27 While we (talk) on the phone the children (start) fighting and (break) a window
28 He used to talk to us for hours about all the interesting things he (do) in his life
29 You know she (stand) looking at that picture for the last twenty minutes
30 I (spend) a lot of time travelling since I (get) this new job
31 When we (be) at school we all (study) Latin
32 When I (meet) him , he (work) as a waiter for a year
33 After he (finish) breakfast he (sit) down to write some letters
34 She (have) a hard life, but she’s always smiling
35 I think Jim (be) out of town
EXERCISE 2: Choose the best answer among A, B, C, or D
1 When I last saw him, he _ in London
A has lived B is living C was living D has been living
2 We _ Dorothy since last Saturday
A don’t see B haven’t seen C didn’t see D hadn’t seen
3 The train half an hour ago
Trang 7English grammar grade 9 7
A has been leaving B left C has left D had left
4 Jack the door
A has just painted B paint C will have painted D painting
5 My sister for you since yesterday
A is looking B was looking C has been looking D looked
6 I Texas State University now
A am attending B attend C was attending D attended
7 He has been selling motorbikes
A ten years ago B since ten years C for ten years ago D for ten years
8 Christopher Columbus _ American more than 500 years ago
A discovered B has discovered C had discovered D had been discovering
9 He fell down when he towards the church
A run B runs C was running D had run
10 We _ there when our father died
A still lived B lived still C was still lived D was still living
11 They table tennis when their father comes back home
A will play B will be playing C play D would play
12 By Christmas, I _ for Mr Smith for six years
A will have been working B will work
C have been working D will be working
13 I _ in the room right now
A am being B was being C have been being D am
14 I to New York three times this year
A have been B was C were D had been
15 I’ll come and see you before I _ for the States
A leave B will leave C have left D shall leave
16 The little girl asked what _ to her friend
A has happened B happened
C had happened D would have been happened
17 John a book when I saw him
A is reading B read C was reading D reading
18 He said he _ return later
A will B would C can D would be
19 Jack the door
A has just opened B open C have opened D opening
20 I have been waiting for you
A since early morning B since 9 a.m
C for two hours D All are correct
21 Almost everyone _ for home by the time we arrived
A leave B left C leaves D had left
22 By the age of 25, he two famous novels
A wrote B writes C has written D had written
23 When her husband was in the army, Mary to him twice a week
A was reading B wrote C was written D had written
24 I couldn’t cut the grass because the lawn mower a few days previously
A broke down B has been broken C had broken down D breaks down
25 I have never played badminton before This is the first time I _ to play
A try B tried C have tried D am trying
Trang 8English grammar grade 9 8
26 Since _, I have heard nothing from him
A he had left B he left C he has left D he was left
27 After I _ lunch, I looked for my bag
A had B had had C have has D have had
28 By the end of next year, George _ English for two years
A will have learned B will learn C has learned D would learn
29 The man got out of the car, round to the back and opened the book
A walking B walked C walks D walk
30 Henry _ into the restaurant when the writer was having dinner
A was going B went C has gone D did go
31 He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he dinner
A finish B finishes C will finish D finishing
32 I will be glad if he _ with us
A had gone B did go C went D goes
33 Ask her to come and see me when she _ her work
A finish B has finished C finished D finishing
34 Turn off the gas Don’t you see that the kettle ?
A boil B boils C is boiling D boiled
35 Tom and Mary for Vietnam tomorrow
A leave B are leaving C leaving D are left
36 He always for a walk in the evening
A go B is going C goes D going
37 Her brother in Canada at present
A working B works C is working D work
38 I to the same barber since last year
A am going B have been going C go D had gone
39 Her father when she was a small girl
A dies B died C has died D had died
40 Last week, my professor promised that he today
A would come B will come C comes D coming
EXERCISE 3: Choose the underlined part in each sentence (A, B,C, or D ) that needs correcting
1 After Mrs Wang had returned to her house from work, she was cooking dinner
Trang 9English grammar grade 9 9
EXERCISE 4: Choose the correct sentence among A, B, C or D which has the same meaning as the given one
1 Eight years ago we started writing to each other
A We have rarely written to each other for eight years
Trang 10English grammar grade 9 10
B Eight years is a long time for us to write to each other
C We wrote to each other eight years ago
D We have been writing to each other for eight years
2 The boy was so lazy that he couldn’t stay up late to learn his lessons
A The boy was lazy enough not to stay up late to learn his lessons
B The boy was too lazy to stay up late to learn his lessons
C The boy was lazy enough but he stayed up late to learn his lessons
D The boy was lazy enough to stay up late to learn his lessons
3 My father is tired of seeing any violent films
A My father hasn’t seen a violent film
B My father has enjoyed all the violent films he has ever seen
C My father is worried about missing the next violent film
D My father never wants to see another violent film
4 As soon as he waved his hand, she turned away
A He saw her turn away and he waved his hand
B No sooner had he waved his hand than she turned away
C She turned away because he waved his hand too early
D Although she turned away, he waved his hand
5 John wishes he had remembered to send Mary a Christmas card
A John regrets not to send Mary a Christmas card
B John regrets forgetting not to send Mary a Christmas card
C John regrets not remembering sending Mary a Christmas card
D John regrets forgetting to send Mary a Christmas card
6 My father hasn’t smoked cigarettes for a month
A It’s a month since my father last smoked cigarettes
B It’s a month ago that my father smoked cigarettes
C It’s a month that my father hasn’t smoked cigarettes
D It’s a cigarette that my father smoked a month ago
7 Having finished their work, the workers expected to be paid
A The workers expected to be paid because they had finished their work
B Having their work finishing, the workers expected to be paid
C Having expected to be paid, the workers finished their work
D Having been finished their work, the workers expected to be paid
8 Mr Brown bought this car five years ago
A Mr Brown started to buy this car for five years
B It has been five years when Mr Brown has bought this car
C Mr Brown has had this car for five years
D It is five years ago since Mr Brown has bought this car
9 John used to write home once a week when he was abroad
A John doesn’t write home once a week any longer
B John enjoyed being written home every week when he was abroad
C John never forgot to write a weekly letter home when he was abroad
D When he was abroad he remembered to write home every week
10 I haven’t enjoyed myself so much for years
A It’s years since I enjoyed myself so much
B It’s years since I have enjoyed myself so much
Trang 11English grammar grade 9 11
C It was years since I had enjoyed myself so much
D It has been years since I have enjoyed myself so much
ĐÁP ÁN
Exercise 1:
1 are - reach
2 comes
3 came - had left
4 has never flown
5 have just decided -would undertake
6 would take
7 was
8 am attending - was attending
9 arrive -will be waiting
10 had lived
11 got- had already arrived
12 will see - see - will have graduated
13 visited -was
14 has been - haven’t you read
15 is washing - has just repaired
16 Have you been - spent
17 have never met - looks
18 will have been- comes
19 found – had just left
20 arrive – will probably be raining
21 is raining - stops
22 were watching - failed
23 stayed – had lived
24 sat – were being repaired
25 turned – went – had forgotten
26 has changed - came
27 were talking – started - broke
28 had done
29 has been standing
30 have spent - got
31 were - studied
32 met – had been working
33 had finished - sat
Trang 12Microsoft English grammar grade 9 12
Exercise 3:
1 D was cooking -> cooked
2 C catching -> caught
3 D buys -> bought
4 C is looking -> was looking
5 B was sat -> sat
14 D is still -> was still
15 A I’m shopping -> was shopping
16 C is having -> was having
17 C are -> have been
18 B are believing -> believe
19 B had been -> has been
20 C waking -> wakes
21 D drives -> was driving
22 D will certainly complete -> will have certainly completed
23 D buys -> bought
24 A We’ll be cycled -> We’ll be cycling
25 D won’t come -> don’t come
26 A was knocking -> knocked
27 A didn’t drink -> hasn’t drunk
28 C when -> since
29 B gone -> going
30 A Did -> Will
Exercise 4: 1 D 2 B 3 D 4 B 5 D 6 A 7 A 8 C 9 A 10 A
II Conditional sentences ( Câu điều kiện)
Các loại câu điều kiện:
0 If + S + V(s,es), S+ V(s,es)
1 If + S + V(s,es), S + Will/Can/shall…… + Vo Đk có thể xảy ra ở hiẹn tại ỏ
tương lai
2 If + S + V2/ Ved, S +would/ Could/ Should…+ Vo Đk không có thật ở hiện tại
3 If + S + Had + V3/Ved, S + would/ could…+ have + V3/Ved Đk không có thật trong quá
khứ
Đk kết
hợp
If + S + had + V3/Ved, S + would + Vo
I Câu điều kiện loại I
1 Khái niệm về câu điều kiện loại 1
- Câu điều kiện loại I còn được gọi là câu điều kiện có thực ở hiện tại
- Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
2 Cấu trúc – Công thức
If + S + V (hiện tại), S + will + V (nguyên mẫu)
IF + Chủ ngữ 1 + Động từ chia ở thì hiện tại đơn + Bổ ngữ, Chủ ngữ 2 + WILL + Động từ giữ nguyên +
Bổ ngữ (nếu có)
Ở câu điều kiện loại 1, mệnh đề IF dùng thì hiện tại đơn, mệnh đề chính dùng thì tương lai đơn
• Chủ ngữ 1 và chủ ngữ 2 có thể trùng nhau Bổ ngữ có thể không có, tùy ý nghĩa của câu Mệnh
đề IF và mệnh đề chính có thể đứng trước hay sau đều được
• Trong câu điều kiện loại I, động từ của mệnh đề điều kiện chia ở thì hiện tại đơn, còn động từ trong mệnh đề chính chia ở thì tương lai đơn
Ví dụ:
If you come into my garden, my dog will bite you
(Nếu anh vào vườn của tôi, con chó của tôi sẽ cắn anh đó.)
Trang 13English grammar grade 9 13
If it is sunny, I will go fishing (Nếu trời nắng tốt, tôi sẽ đi câu cá.)
3 Cách dùng câu điều kiện loại 1:
Câu điều kiện loại 1 còn có thể được gọi là câu điều kiện hiện tại có thể có thật Ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 1 để đặt ra một điều kiện có thể thực hiện được trong hiện tại và nêu kết quả có thể xảy ra
II, Câu điều kiện loại II
Khái niệm về câu điều kiện loại 2:
• Câu điều kiện loại II còn được gọi là câu điều kiện không có thực ở hiện tại
• Điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai, điều kiện chỉ là một giả thiết, một ước muốn trái ngược với thực trạng hiện tại
Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 2
If + S + V (quá khứ), S + would + V (nguyên mẫu)
– Trong câu điều kiện loại II, động từ của mệnh đề điều kiện chia ở bang thái cách (past subjunctive), động
từ của mệnh đề chính chia ở thì điều kiện hiện tại (simple conditional) Chú ý: Bàng thái cách (Past
subjunctive) là hình thức chia động từ giống hệt như thì quá khư đơn, riêng động từ “to be” thì dùng
“were” cho tất cả các ngôi
III, Câu điều kiện loại III
Khái niệm về câu điều kiện loại 3:
• Câu điều kiện loại III là câu điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ
• Điều kiện không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ, chỉ mang tính ước muốn trong quá khứ, một giả thiết trái ngược với thực trạng ở quá khứ
Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 3
If + S + had + P.P (quá khứ phân từ), S + would + have + 𝐏𝐈𝐈
– Trong câu điều kiện loại III, động từ của mệnh đề điều kiện chia ở quá khứ phân từ, còn động từ của mệnh đề chính chia ở điều kiện hoàn thành (perfect conditional)
1 Câu Điều Kiện Diễn Tả Thói Quen Hoặc Một Sự Thật Hiển Nhiên ( Loại 0)
Câu điều kiện này diễn tả một thói quen, một hành động thường xuyên xảy ra nếu điều kiện được đáp ứng, hoặc diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một kết quả tất yếu xảy ra
Cấu trúc: If + S + V (hiện tại), S + V (hiện tại)
• Tất cả động từ trong câu (mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề điều kiện) đều được chia ở thì hiện tại đơn
• Nếu diễn tả thói quen, trong mệnh đề chính thường xuất hiện thêm: often, usually, or always
Ví dụ:
Trang 14English grammar grade 9 14
o I often drink milk if I do not sleep at night (Tôi thường uống sữa nếu như tôi thức trắng đêm.)
o I usually walk to school if I have enough time (Tôi thường đi bộ đến trường nếu tôi có thời gian.)
o If you heat ice, it turns to water (Nếu bạn làm nóng nước đá, nó sẽ chảy ra.)
o If we are cold, we shiver (Nếu bị lạnh, chúng ta sẽ run lên.)
3 Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện
Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 1: Should + S + Vo, S + Will +Vo
• If he has free time, he’ll play tennis => Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis
Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2: Were + S + to + Vo, S + Would + Vo
• If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book => Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book
Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3: Had + S + V3/Ved, S + Would have + V3/Ved
• If he had trained hard, he would have won the match => Had he trained hard, he would have won the match
4 If …not = Unless
– Unless cũng thường được dùng trong câu điều kiện – lúc đó Unless = If …not Ví dụ:
• Unless we start at once, we will be late
= If we don’t start at once we will be late
Bài 1: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc:
1 If I see him, I (give ) him a gift
2 If I had a typewriter, I (type) it myself
3 If I had known that you were in hospital, I (visit) you
4 You could make better progress if you (attend) class regularly
5 If I (know) his telephone number, I’d give it to you
6 If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat
7 If he worked more slowly, he (not make) so many mistakes
8 I shouldn’t drink that wine if I (be) you
9 If I (find) a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight
10 A lot of people (be) out of work if the factory closed down
11 I (have) plenty of money now if I (not/spend) so much yesterday
12 If someone (give) you a boat, what you (do) ?
13 If you (press) CTRL + S, you (save) the file
14 The children (be) happy if he (teach) them English
15 If she (buy) a new hard disk, she (not/ lose) all data
Đáp án:
1 will give 6 had arrived 11 would have/ hadn't spent (ĐK hỗn hợp)
2 would not type 7 wouldn't make 12 gives/ what will you do
3 would have visited 8 were 13 press/ save (hoặc will save)
4 attended 9 find 14 would be/ taught
5 knew 10 would be 15 had bought/ wouldn't have lost
Bài 2: Viết lại các câu sau sang dạng câu điều kiện thích hợp
1 Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby up
→ If you don't keep silent, you will wake the baby up
2 Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson
→ If……… ….………
3 I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up
Trang 15English grammar grade 9 15
(ngoài ra còn nhiều cách viết sử dụng từ ngữ khác nhau, nhưng nghĩa là không thay đổi)
2 If you keep talking, you won't understand the lesson
3 If I know her number, I will ring her up
4 If I know the answer, I will tell you
5 If we had had a map, we wouldn't have got lost
6 If Susan hadn't eaten four cream cakes, she wouldn't have felt sick
7 If we hadn't had this treatment, the patient would have died
8 If he hadn't been late every day, he wouldn't have lost his job
9 If Peter ate less chips, he wouldn't be fat
10 If Robert hadn't started smoking cigarettes, he wouldn't have got a bad cough
Bài 3: Chọn đáp án đúng
1 I would have visited you before if there _ quite a lot of people in your house
A hadn't B hadn't been C wouldn't be D wasn't
2 If you had caught the bus, you _ late for work
A wouldn't have been B would have been C wouldn’t be D would be
3 If I _, I would express my feelings
A were asked B would ask C had been asked D asked
4 If _ as I told her, she would have succeeded
A she has done B she had done C she does D she did
5 Will you be angry if I _ your pocket dictionary?
A stole B have stolen C were to steal D steal
6 You made a mistake by telling her a lie It _ better if you _ to her
A would have been/ hadn't lied B would be/ didn't lie
C will be/ don't lie D would be/ hadn't lied
7 John would be taking a great risk if he _ his money in that business
A would invest B invested C had invested D invests
8 She wouldn't have given them all that money if we _ her to
A wouldn’t advise B won't advise C hadn't advised D didn't advise
9 If the tree hadn't been so high, he _ it up to take his kite down
A could have climbed B climb C is climbing D climbed
10 If the wall weren't so high, he _ it up to take his ball down
Trang 16English grammar grade 9 16
A climbed B could climb C is climbing D climb
11 If I _ her phone number, I _ her last night
A had known/ could have phoned B knew/ would have phoned
C know/ can phone D knew/ could phone
12 If he the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him
A tells B told C had told D would tell
13 If you press that button what _?
A would happen B would have happened
C will happen D happen
14 She says if she _ that the traffic lights were red she _
A had realized/ would stop B realized/ could have stopped
C has realized/ stopped D had realized/ would have stopped
15 I am very thin I think, if I _ smoking, I might get fat
A stop B had stopped C will stop D stopped
16 If I _ that yesterday, I _ them
A had discovered/ would inform C had discovered/ would have informed
D had discovered/ could inform C discovered/ can inform
17 If you _ to the course regularly, they a certificate last year
A go/ gave B go/ give
C had gone/ would have given D went/ would give
18 I think he is not at home If he _ in, he the phone
A was/ answered B were/ would answer
C were/ would have answered D.had been/ would have answered
19 If I in London now, I could visit British Museum
A were B had been C have been D would be
20 If Columbus _ money from Queen Isabella, he _ across the Atlantic
A do not receive/ could not sail B had not received/ might not have sailed
C did not receive/ might not have sailed D would not receive/ might not sail
1 If she ……… the lottery last year, She ………… rich now
A have won/would be B had won/would be C.won/would be D wins/will be
2 If I ……… the homework last night, I……… bonus today
A had done/would get B had done/would have got
3 If we had played this game yesterday, we……… a lot of money now
A will have B may have C would have had D would have
4 If it ……… last night, it would be cold today
A had rained B rained C have rained D was raining
5 If she ……… to me, she ……… in trouble right now
A had listened/would be B had listened/would have be
C had listened/would not be D A & B
6 If it had rained one hour ago, the streets ………… wet now
Trang 17English grammar grade 9 17
7 If I ……… to the beach yesterday, I would be tired today
8 If they had gone to school yesterday, they ……… to the museum now
9 If he had done exercise last night, he ……… soccer right now
10 If Nina had not gone out last week, she ……… die now
Bài 5: Điền vào chỗ trống
1 If you take my advice, you (be) happy
2 What would you do if you (be) me?
3 If you (lend) me some books I will give them back in two weeks
4 I (send) her a letter if I had found her address
5 She (not/steal) the bread if she hadn't been hungry
6 If she (come) here I will tell her about the film
7 I will be unhappy if you (leave) me
8 If you hadn't been so crazy you (not/buy) this expensive house
9 If the sun (shine) I will go to the beach
10 If I (win) the lottery I would leave my country
Đáp án:
1 will be
2 were
3 lend
4 would have sent
5 would not have stolen / wouldn't have
Bài 6: Điền vào chỗ trống
1 we (have) enough time if we wanted to see the castle?
2 In case you (buy) a car, will you teach me to drive?
3 If I (not be) in a hurry, I wouldn't have made so many mistakes
4 She won't finish it on time if she (not start) right now
5 She (get angry) if you had told her
6 On condition that they (support) our product, they would get a discount
7 Even if I (ask) him, he won't come
8 Had I driven slowly, I (not crash)
9 It will be a disaster unless they (help) us
10 If you (have) something to eat, you wouldn't have felt sick
11 I wouldn't risk it if I (be) you
12 She would get fat if she (not stop) eating
Đáp án:
1 Would; have
2 buy
3 had not been
4 does not start
5 would have got
6 supported
7 ask
8 would not have crashed
9 help
Trang 18English grammar grade 9 18
III Câu ước (wish)
CẤU TRÚC WISH
Type 1: Câu ước ở tương lai S + Wish(es/ed), S + would/ could/ have to + V inf …
Type 2: Câu ước trái ngược với hiện tại: S + wish(es/ed) , S + tobe / Vpast + …
Type 3: Câu ước trái ngược với quá khứ S + wish(es/ed), S + had (not) + PII…
I Put the verbs in brackets into correct tenses:
1 I wish I (go)……… to the movie with you
2 I wish I (have)……… day off
3 I wish I (study)……… Latin instead of Greek
4 I wish I (not/ spend)……… so much money
5 I wish the weather (be) ………… ……….warm, so we could go swimming
6 I wish I (ask)……….……… him how to get there
7 I wish I (not stay)………….……… at home
8 I wish I (not/ buy) ……….……… that book
9 I wish I (not/ see) ……….……….him
10 I wish I (not/ call)……….……… him a liar
11 I don’t have time to go to “High Quality Good Fair “ I wish I (go) ………there
12 The weather is very hot I wish it (be) ……… cooler
13 We seldom write to her I wish we (write) ……… to her more often
14 John doesn’t know how to swim He wishes he (can) ……… …… swim
15 John doesn’t buy the book She wishes she (buy) ……… … it
16 Mai doesn’t pass the exam She wishes she (study) ……… …… harder
17 We will not go to Ha Long Bay next week I wish we (go) ……… there
18 It is raining now I wish it (stop) ……… raining soon
19 My parents are not in now I wish they (be) ……….……at home with us now
20 I know Nam will not lend me his car I wish he (lend) ……… it to me
II Rewrite the following sentences, using “Wish”
1 I don’t know more people
Trang 19English grammar grade 9 19
1 I wish I knew more people
2 I wish I had a key
3 I wish Ann were here
4 I wish it weren't cold
5 I wish I lived in the countryside
6 I wish I didn't have to go to the party,
7 I wish I could stay in bed tomorrow
8 I wish I had good marks
9 I wish I was lying on a beautiful sunny beach
10 They wish Hoa ad Ba would go fishing this weekend
III Rewrite the following sentences, using "Wish"
1 I don’t have a car
Trang 20English grammar grade 9 20
Đáp án:
1 I wish (that) I had a car
2 I wish (that) I could play the piano
3 I wish (that) I weren’t at work
4 I wish (that) it weren’t winter
5 I wish (that) I weren’t ill
6 I wish (that) I had new shoes
7 I wish (that) I could afford to go on holiday
8 I wish (that) I had time to read lots of books
9 I wish (that) I could drive
10 I wish (that) my laptop weren’t broken
IV Passive Voice (Câu Bị Động)
1 Giới thiệu chung câu bị động
Câu bị động là loại câu được sử dụng khi chúng ta muốn nhấn mạnh vào bản thân một hành động, chủ thể thực hiện hành động hay tác nhân gây ra hành động đó không quá quan trọng
Cấu trúc
Khi chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động, chú ý những điểm sau:
1 Tân ngữ trong câu chủ động (O) => chủ ngữ trong câu bị động (S2)
2 Động từ trong câu bị động luôn ở dạng: TO BE + PII (TO BE chia theo chủ ngữ mới của câu bị
động cho hợp ngôi/thời)
3 Chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động => đưa ra phía sau động từ và thêm 'by' phía trước (hoặc có thể lược
- Someone stole my motorbike last night (Ai đó lấy trộm xe máy của tôi đêm qua.)
=> My motorbike was stolen last night (Xe máy của tôi đã bị lấy trộm đêm qua.)
- Nếu là người hoặc vật trực tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng 'by', nhưng gián tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng 'with'
Ví dụ:
- The bird was shot by the hunter (Con chim bị bắn bởi người thợ săn.)
- The bird was shot with a gun (Con chim bị bắn bởi một khẩu súng)
2 Bảng chia câu chủ động sang câu bị động ở các thì
Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + am/is/are + V-ing + O S + am/is/are + being + P2
Hiện tại hoàn thành S + have/has + P2 + O S + have/has + been + P2
Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were + being + P2
Quá khứ hoàn thành S + had + P2 + O S + had + been + P2
Tương lai đơn S + will + V-infi + O S + will + be + P2
Trang 21English grammar grade 9 21
Tương lai hoàn thành S + will + have + P2 + O S + will + have + been + P2
Tương lai gần S + am/is/are going to + V-infi + O S + am/is/are going to + be + P2 Động từ khuyết thiếu S + ĐTKT + V-infi + O S + ĐTKT + be + P2
3 Bị động ở dạng câu hỏi
3.1 Câu hỏi Yes/No
B1: Chuyển từ câu hỏi sang câu khẳng định
Did Mary take my purse? (Có phải Mary đã lấy cái ví của tôi không?)
Mary took my purse (Mary đã lấy cái ví của tôi.)
B2: Chuyển câu khẳng định trên sang câu bị động
My purse was taken by Mary (Cái ví của tôi đã bị lấy bởi Mary.)
B3: Chuyển câu bị động trên về dạng nghi vấn bằng cách chuyển trợ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ
Was my purse taken by Mary? (Có phải cái ví của tôi đã bị lấy bởi Mary không?)
Ví dụ:
Is Mary going to take my purse? (Mary sẽ lấy cái ví của tôi chứ?)
Mary is going to take my purse (Mary sẽ lấy cái ví của tôi.)
My purse is going to be taken by Mary (Cái ví của tôi sẽ được lấy bởi Mary.)
Is my purse going to be taken by Mary? (Có phải cái ví của tôi sẽ được lấy bởi Mary?)
3.2 Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi Wh-question
B1 Chuyển từ câu hỏi sang câu khẳng định
What did Mary take? (Mary lấy cái gì thế?)
Mary took what (Mary lấy cái gì.)
B2 Chuyển câu khẳng định trên sang bị động
What was taken by Mary (Cái gì được lấy bởi Mary.)
B3 Chuyển câu bị động thành câu hỏi, lúc này giữ nguyên vị trí vì What đã là chủ ngữ trong câu
What was taken by Mary? (Cái gì được lấy bởi Mary?)
Ví dụ:
Who took Mary to school? (Ai đã đưa Mary đến trường?)
Mary was taken to school by who (Mary được đưa đến trường bởi ai.)
Who was Mary taken to school by?/ By whom was Mary taken to school? (Mary được ai đưa đến trường?)
4 Các dạng đặc biệt của câu bị động
4.1 Bị động với những động từ có 2 tân ngữ
Một số đông từ được theo sau nó bởi hai tân ngữ như: give (đưa), lend (cho
mượn), send (gửi), show (chỉ), buy(mua), make (làm), get (cho), … thì ta sẽ có 2 câu bị động
Ví dụ: I gave him an apple (Tôi đã cho anh ấy một quả táo.)
O1 O2
An apple was given to him (Một quả táo đã được trao cho anh ta.)
He was given an apple by me (Anh ta đã được tôi trao cho một quả táo)
+ Lưu ý: Khi dùng câu bị động loại này, ta phải thêm giới từ ‘to’ hoặc ‘for’ trước tân ngữ chỉ người
- Dùng ‘to’ khi các động từ là: give, lend, send, show, …
Ví dụ:
John will give me this book (John sẽ đưa tôi cuốn sách này.)
This book will be given to me by John (Cuốn sách này sẽ được đưa cho tôi bởi John.)
- Dùng ‘for’ khi các động từ là: buy, make, get, …
Ví dụ: He bought her a rose (Anh ấy mua cho cô ấy một bông hoa hồng.)
A rose was bought for her (Một bông hoa hồng sẽ được mua cho cô ấy.)
4.2 Bị động với các động từ chỉ quan điểm, ý kiến
Trang 22English grammar grade 9 22
Một số động từ chỉ quan điểm ý kiến thông
dụnglà: think/say/suppose/believe/consider/report…(nghĩ rằng/nói rằng/cho rằng/tin rằng/xem xét
to have PII (của V2) (2)
be + V-ing (của V2) (3) Chú thích:
(1) Khi V2 trong câu chủ động ở hiện tại đơn hoặc tương lai đơn
Ví dụ:
People believe that 13 is an unlucky number (Mọi người tin rằng 13 là con số không may mắn.)
It is believed that 13 is an unlucky number
13 is believed to be an unlucky number
(13 được tin là một con số không may mắn.)
(2) Khi V2 trong câu chủ động ở hiện tại hoàn thành, quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành
Ví dụ:
People think he stole his mother’s money (Mọi người nghĩ anh ta lấy cắp tiền của mẹ anh ta.)
It is thought that he stole his mother’s money
He is thought to have stolen his mother’s money
(Anh ta được nghĩ rằng đã lấy cắp tiền của mẹ anh ta.)
(3) Khi V2 trong câu chủ động ở hiện tại tiếp diễn, quá khứ tiếp diễn
Ví dụ:
Everybody thinks that he is living in the US now (Mọi người nghĩ rằng hiện giờ anh ta đang sống ở Mỹ.)
It is thought that he is living in the US now
He is thought to be living in the US now
(Anh ta được cho là hiện đang sống ở Mỹ.)
Ví dụ: - Clean the house! (Dọn nhà đi)
= Let the house be cleaned (Ngôi nhà này nên được dọn dẹp.)
= The house should be cleaned (Ngôi nhà này nên được dọn dẹp.)
- Don’t throw books away! (Đừng có vứt sách đi!)
Let not books be thrown away (Sách không được phép vứt đi.)
= Don't let books be thrown away (Đừng để sách bị vứt đi.)
= Books mustn’t be thrown away (Sách không được phép vứt đi
Trang 23English grammar grade 9 23
Chú thích: Sb là dạng viết tắt của ‘somebody’ nghĩa là ‘ai đó’; St là dạng viết tắt của ‘something’ nghĩa là
‘cái gì đó’ Trong cấu trúc trên có thể hiểu ‘have sb V st’ hoặc ‘get sb to V st’ là ‘bảo/nhờ ai đó làm gì’
Ví dụ:
- She has me write this letter (Cô ấy nhờ tôi viết lá thư này.)
She has this letter written by me (Lá thư này được cô ấy nhờ tôi viết.)
- My father gets me to read this newspaper (Bố tôi nhờ tôi đọc tờ báo này.)
My father gets newspaper read by me (Tờ báo này được bố tôi nhờ tôi đọc.)
4.5 Bị động với các động từ chỉ giác quan
Các động từ giác quan là các động từ chỉ nhận thức của con người như: see (nhìn), hear (nghe), watch (xem), look (nhìn), notice (nhận thấy), …
Trong những cấu trúc sau đây, những động từ này được gọi là gọi ‘Vp’
4.5.1 Cấu trúc: S + Vp + Sb + Ving (nhìn/xem/nghe… ai đó đang làm gì)
Ai đó chứng kiến người khác làm gì và chỉ thấy 1 phần của hành động hoặc 1 hành động đang diễn ra bị 1
hành động khác xen vào
Bị động S(sb) + to be + P II (of Vp) + V-ing
Ví dụ:
- He watched them playing football (Anh ta nhìn thấy họ đang đá bóng.)
They were watched playing football (Họ được nhìn thấy đang đá bóng.)
4.5.2 Cấu trúc : S + Vp + Sb + V (nhìn/xem/nghe ai đó làm gì)
Ai đó chứng kiến người khác làm gì từ đầu đến cuối
Bị động S(sb) + to be + P II (of Vp) + to + V
Ví dụ: I heard her cry (Tôi nghe thấy cô ấy khóc.)
She was heard to cry (Cô ấy được nghe thấy là đã khóc.)
4.6 Bị động với cấu trúc câu ‘It’s one’s duty to V’
- It is your duty to make tea (Nhiệm vụ của bạn là pha trà.)
You are supposed to make tea (Nhiệm vụ của bạn là pha trà.)
- It was their duty to study Chinese (Nhiệm vụ của họ là học tiếng Trung.)
They were supposed to study Chinese (Nhiệm vụ của họ là học tiếng Trung.)
4.7 Bị động với cấu trúc câu ‘It’s impossible to V’
Cấu trúc
Chủ động It’s impossible + to + V + St
(Không thể làm gì)
Bị động S + can’t + be + P II
Ví dụ: - It is impossible to turn on the TV (Nó thật là không thể để bật cái ti vi này lên.)
The TV can’t be turned on (Cái ti vi không thể bật lên được.)
4.8 Bị động với cấu trúc câu ‘It’s necessary to V’
Trang 24English grammar grade 9 24
Ví dụ:
- It is necessary to finish this project on time (Nó rất cần thiết để hoàn thành cái dự án này đúng giờ.) This project should/must be finished on time (Cái dự án này nên được/phải được hoàn thành đúng thời hạn.)
4.9 Bị động với động từ ‘need’ (cần)
Cấu trúc
Bị động Need + V-ing/ to be + P II
Ví dụ:
- This exercise needs to be done/ doing (Bài tập này cần được hoàn thành.)
- Your hair needs to be cut/ cutting (Tóc của bạn cần được cắt.)
EXERCISE 1: CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG
1.My father waters this flower every morning
→……… 2.John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night
→……… 3.Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen
→……… 4.We should clean our teeth twice a day
→……… 5.Our teachers have explained the English grammar
→……… 6.Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city
→……… 7.Tom will visit his parents next month
→……… 8.The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning
→……… 9.Did Mary this beautiful dress? 10 I won’t hang these old
→………
10 Pictures in the living room 11.The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War
→……… 12.The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day
→……… 13.Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema
→……… 14.The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week
→……… 15.Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum?
→……… 16.Some people will interview the new president on TV
→……… 17.How many languages do they speak in Canada?
→………
Trang 25English grammar grade 9 25
18.Are you going to repair those shoes?
→……… 19.He has broken his nose in a football match
→……… 20.Have you finished the above sentences?
→……… 3.Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week
→……… 4.Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother 5.You didn’t show me the special camaras
→……… 6.She showed her ticket to the airline agent
→……… 7.He lends his friend his new shoes
→……… 8.She left her relatives five million pounds
→……… 9.The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer
→……… 10.The board awarded the first prize to the reporter
→……… 11.Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?
→……… 12.The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting
→……… 13.He hides the broken cup in the drawer
→……… 14.They keep this room tidy all the time
→……… 15.They all voted the party a great success
→……… 16.We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers
→……… 17.They moved the fridge into the living room
→……… 18.She bought some cups of tea to the visitors in the next room
→……… 19.They find the new project worthless
→……… 20.The secretary didn’t take the note to the manager
→………
Trang 26English grammar grade 9 26
EXERCISE 3:CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG
1.They told me that you were the best architect in this city
→……… 2.She reported that the flowers were killed by frost
→……… 3.Some people inform me that the director is going to take a business trip to England
→……… 4.That officer announced that the meeting was delayed until next week
→……… 5.He discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt
→……… 6.They promise that the performance will start on time
→……… 7.He recommends that we should stay at the city center
→……… 8.We believed that Alice would pass the driving test
→………
9.The director notifies all the workers that they will have to work extra hard this month
→……… 10.They have persuaded me that they will go with me to the stadium
→……… 11.They have decided that the company will go to the beach together at the weekend
→……… 12.People think that Maradona is the best football player in the 20th century
→……… 13.They find that the job is not suitable for a girl like her
→……… 14.The teacher explained that this powerful engine pulled the train
→……… 15.He told me that his football team had played well last season
→………
EXERCISE 4: CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG
1.I had my nephew paint the gate last week
→……… 2.She will have Peter wash her car tomorrow
→……… 3.They have her tell the story again
→……… 4.John gets his sister to clean his shirt
→……… 5.Anne had had a friend type her composition
→……… 6.Rick will have a barber cut his hair
→………
Trang 27English grammar grade 9 27
7.I will get the dressmaker to make a new dress
→……… 8.He had a mechanic repair his car
→……… 9.She often gets the technician to maintain the heater
→……… 10.They had the police arrest the shoplifter
→………
14.We had a man take this photograph when we were on holiday last summer
→……… 15.The Greens had a carpet cleaner clean their carpet
→………
EXERCISE 5: CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
1 Tam learns English everyday
Trang 28English grammar grade 9 28
14 They have provided the victims with food and clothing
Trang 29English grammar grade 9 29
37 People must not leave bicycle in the hall
EXERCISE 6 Find the mistake in these sentences and fix the mistake
1 Five suspects have be arrested by the police
EXERCISE 7 Circle the best answer
1 My room _ in the house by her now
A is being cleaned B are being cleaned
2 Tom _ by Mary since 10 o'clock
C has been operated D All are wrong
3 Someone to take his place
A must be find B might be find C should be finds D must be found
4 20 demonstrators by the police
A was arrested B were arrested C was arresting D A & B
Trang 30English grammar grade 9 30
5 That book by Tom yesterday
6 Much of the city by fire in the 17th century
A was destroyed B is destroyed C are destroyed D were destroyed
7 Work _ by the teacher
A are being watched B was being watched C is being watched D B & C
8 My house red and blue
A are painted B is painted C was painted D All are wrong
9 The grain _ to the factory, where it _ and
A are taken / cleaned / is checked B is taken / is cleaned / is checked
C was taken / was cleaned / was checked D is taken / is cleaned / checked
10 Jag Niwas _ by Prince Maharana Jagat Singh II
A were built B are built C was built D is built
11 The wall _ before you paint it
A must be cleaned B should cleaned C might been cleaned D No answer is right
12 The Garden of Clear Ripples _ by The Qing Emperor Quinlong in the middle of the 16th century
A designed B was designed C were designed D B & C
13 This computer _ to use
A will be continued B would continued C should continue D must continues
14 A lot of food _ these days
A are thrown B were thrown C is thrown D was thrown
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE 1
1.This flower is watered (by my father) every morning 2.Fiona was invented to John’s birthday party last night
3.The dinner is being prepared (by her mother) in the kitchen
4.Our teeth should be cleaned twice a day
5.The English grammar has been explained (by our teacher)
6.The accident was caused in this city (by some drunk drivers) 7.Tom’s parents will be visited (by him) next month
8.The secretary wasn’t phoned (by the manager) this morning
9.Was this beautiful dress bought by Mary?
10.These old pictures won’t be hung in the living room(by me) 11.This factory wasn’t built (by the Greens) during the Second World War
12.This house and these cars are going to be painted for Christmas day by the Greens
13.The cats had been fed (by Ann) before she went to the cinema
14.The pollution problems have been discussed (by the students) since last week
15.Has the most valuable painting in the national museum been stolen (by the thieves)
16.The new president will be interviewed on TV (by some people)
17.How many languages are spoken in Canada(by them)?
18.Are those shoes going to be repaired ?
19.His nose has been broken in a football match(by him)
20.Have above sentences been finished ?
Trang 31English grammar grade 9 31
EXERCISE 2
1.This dish is brought to me (by the waiter)
2.These postcards are sent to us(by our friend)
3.This story was told to them(by their grandmother) when they visited her last week 4.This train ticket was ordered for Tim’s mother
5.The special cameras weren’t showed to me
6.Her ticket was showed to the airline agent(by her)
7.His new shoes are lent to his friends(by him)
8.Five million pounds was left to her relatives (by her)
9.These boxes were handed to the customer (by the shop assistant)
10.The first prize was awarded to the reporter (by the board)
11.Have the Christmas cards been sent to your family?
12.Alice was appointed secretary for the meeting(by the committee)
13.The broken cup is hidden in the drawer (by him)
14.This room is kept tidy (by them) all the time
15.The party was voted a great success(by them)
16.Ann was given some bananas and some flowers(by us)
17.The fridge was moved into the living room(by them)
18.Some cups of tea were brought to the visitors in the next room (by her)
19.The new project is found worthless 20.The note wasn’t taken to the manager(by the secretary)
EXERCISE 3
1.I was told that you were the architect in this city
2.It was reported that the flowers were killed by frost./ The flowers were reported to be killed by frost 3.I am informed that the director is going to take a business trip to England
4.It was announced that the meeting was delayed until next week
5.It was discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt
6.It is promised that the performance will start on time
7.It is recommended that we should stay at the city center
8.It was believed that Alice would pass the driving test./ Alice was believed to pass the driving test
9.All the workers are notified that they will have to work extra hard this month
10.I have been persuaded that they will go with me to the stadium
11.It has been decided that the company will go to the beach together at the weekend
12.It is thought that Maradona is the best football player in the 20th century
/ Maradona is thought to be the best football player in the 20th century
13.It is found that the job is not suitable for a girl like her./ The job is found to be not suitable for a girl like her
14.It was explained that this powerful engine pulled the train
15.I was told that his football team had played well last season
EXERCISE 4
1.I had the gate painted last week
2.She will have her car washed tomorrow
3.They have the story told again
4.John gets his shirt cleaned
5.Anne has had her composition typed
6.Rick will have his hair cut
7.I will get a new dress made
8.He had his car repaired
9.She often gets the heater maintained
Trang 32English grammar grade 9 32
10.They had the shoplifter arrested
11.Are you going to have your shoes repaired?
12.I must have my teeth checked
13.She will have her dog examined
14.We had this photograph taken when we were on holiday last summer
15.The Greens had their carpet cleaned
EXERCISE 5
1 English is learned by Tam everyday
2 A new car was bought by Mr Pike yesterday
3 A book is being read by Tam now
4 Tea can't be made with cold water
5 All the workers of the plant were instructed by the chef engineer
6 Some of my books have been taken away
7 The meeting will be held before the may day
8 The engine of the car has to be repaired
9 The window was broken and some pictures were took away by the boys
10 A lot of money is spent everyday
11 This room may be used for the classroom
12 The story is going to be told by the teacher
13 The cake is being cut with a sharp knife by Mary
14 The victims have been provided with food and clothing
15 The machine mustn't be used after 5.30pm
16 The new student were told where to sit
17 Mr Cole used to be visited by John at weekends
18 All the housework ought to be done
19.The letter had been written by my mother before 1985
20 My room is being cleaned
21 She should be phoned before the meeting
22 A cake was being made by my mother when I cam home
23 His car has been stolen
24 Tom was being questioned by police
25 The mails are opened every morning
26 A new school is being built in this town
27 Many houses have been destroyed by the fire
28 The job was finished by 10 o' clock
29 The museum is closed on Monday
30 We were stopped by the police on our way to school
31 English is spoken all over the world
32 A new school will be built next year
33 The letter will be delivered by John
34 It must be done right now
35 The report should be finished right now
36 The matter will be discussed in the afternoon
37 Bicycle mustn't be left in the hall
38 Children should be given a lot of love
39 A plane will be flown by Mr.Brown easily
40 He was made work all day
41 The homework needn't be done
Trang 33English grammar grade 9 33
42 His work had to be finished on time
43 My pen used to borrowed
44 My briefcase has been taken
45 The accident was seen by Mr.Brian
46 The little boy was bitten by the mad dog
EXERCISE6
1 - B (be → been) ; 2 - D (an → a) ; 3 - C (start → started) ; 4 - A (were found → was found) ;
5 - C (been → be) ; 6 - A (are → will) ; 7 - C (born → was born)
EXERCISE 7
1 - A ; 2 - C ; 3 - D ; 4 - B ; 5 - D ; 6 - D ; 7 - C ;
8 - C ; 9 - D ; 10 - C ; 11 - A ; 12 - B ; 13 - A ; 14 - C
80 câu luyện tập về dạng bị động hay
I Chuyển các câu sau sang câu bị động
1 Mary types letters in the office
Trang 34English grammar grade 9 34
17 The boys broke the window and took away some pictures
II Chuyển các câu hỏi dạng đảo Có/ Không sang câu bị động
26 Do they teach English here?
III Chuyển các câu hỏi bắt đầu bằng từ hỏi "H/ WH" sau sang câu bị động
37 Why didn't they help him?
→………
38 How many games has the team played?
→………
Trang 35English grammar grade 9 35
39 Where do people speak English?
IV Chuyển các câu có 2 tân ngữ sau sang câu bị động
49 They paid me a lot of money to do the job
V Chuyển các câu với động từ tường thuật sau sang câu bị động
54 They think that he has died a natural death
Trang 36English grammar grade 9 36
61 People think that Jack London's life and writing's represent the American love of adventure
VI Chuyển các câu với động từ chỉ nhận thức sau sang câu bị động
64 I have heard her sing this song several times
VII Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc
74 Toshico had her car (repair) by a mechanic
75 Ellen got Marvin (type) her paper
76 We got our house (paint) last week
77 Dr Byrd is having the students (write ) a composition
78 Mark got his transcripts (send) to the university
79 Maria is having her hair (cut) tomorrow
80 Will Mr Brown have the porter (carry) his luggage to his car?
I
1 Letters are typed in the office by Mary
2 You'll be helped by his father tomorrow
3 The human life has completely been changed with science and technology
4 This bottle was broken by Peter
5 English is being learnt in the room
6 My mind can't be changed
7 I hadn't been told about it
8 Her telephone number isn't known
Trang 37English grammar grade 9 37
9 The children will be brought home by my students
10 I was sent a present last week
11 We were given more information
12 All the workers of the plan were being instructed by the chief engineer
13 Tea can't be made with cold water
14 Some of my books have been taken away
15 The meeting will be held before May Day
16 The engine of the car has to be repaired
17 The window was broken and some pictures were taken away by the boys
18 A lot of money is spent on advertising every day
19 A story is going to be told by teacher
20 A cake is being cut with a sharp knife by Mary
21 The woman with a red hat was looked at by the children
22 The victims have been provided with food and clothing
23 English is spoken in almost every corner of the world
24 This machine mustn't be used after 5:30 p.m
25 After class, the chalk board is always erased by one of the students
II
26 Is English taught here?
27 Will she be invited to your wedding party?
28 Has the work been finished by Tom?
29 Were some exercises given by the teacher?
30 Has the window of the laboratory been changed?
31 Is a poem going to be written?
32 Are big cakes being made for the party?
33 Are inquires about the thief being made by the police?
34 Must the test be finished before ten?
35 Will the children be brought home with buses?
36 Has your homework been finished?
III
37 Why wasn't he helped?
38 How many games have been played by the
team?
39 Where is English spoken?
40 Who are being kept in the kitchen?
41 How can this be opened safe?
42 What books are being read this year?
43 How was the lost man found by the police?
44 By whom are the children looked after for you?
45 How long has the doctor been waited for?
46 What time can their papers be handed in by the boys?
47 By whom is this book lent?
48 How many marks are given to you by the teacher?
IV
49 I was paid a lot of money to do the job
50 Each of us was given two exercise books by the teacher
51 He will be told that news
52 Those poor boys have been sent enough money
53 The women in most countries in the world have been given the right to vote
V
54 He is thought to have died a natural death
55 13 is believed to be an unlucky number
56 John is said to be the brightest student in class
57 The President was reported to have suffered a heart attack
58 They were known to have told him of the meeting
59 She was declared to win the competition
60 The man was rumored to be still living
61 Jack London's life and writing is thought to represent the American love of adventure
Trang 38English grammar grade 9 38
62 The troops were reported to be coming
63 The earth was believed to stand still
VI
64 She has been heard to sing this song several times
65 He was seen to steal your car
66 The work is being watched by the teacher
67 You won't be let to do that silly thing again
68 The children are made to work hard
69 He was made to work all day
70 The woman was seen putting the jewelry in her bag by the detective
71 The hostages were made to lie down by the terrorists
72 Drivers are advised to use an alternative route by police
73 I am helped to do all these difficult exercises
V Reported Speech (Câu Trực Tiếp - Gián Tiếp)
1 Định nghĩa câu trực tiếp
- Câu trực tiếp là câu tường thuật lại nguyên văn nghĩa và lời của người nói Câu trực tiếp được trích trong dấu ngoặc kép (“ ”)
Ví dụ: The mother says to the boy “You should go to bed early.”
(Người mẹ nói với đứa con trai “Con nên đi ngủ sớm”.)
- Câu gián tiếp là câu tường thuật lại nghĩa của người nói mà không cần giữ nguyên văn Khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp, ta phải bỏ dấu ngoặc kép
Ví dụ: The mother says to the boy that he should go to bed early
(Người mẹ nói với đứa con trai rằng cậu ta nên đi ngủ sớm.)
2 Cách đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp
- Đổi chủ ngữ và các đại từ nhân xưng khác trong câu trực tiếp cho phù hợp với câu gián tiếp mới
- Biến đổi các đại từ chỉ định, trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian và địa điểm theo quy tắc (bảng kèm theo dưới đây)
- Lùi động từ ở câu trực tiếp lại một thì so với lúc ban đầu (khi các động từ giới thiệu (say, tell…) ở quá
khứ)
- Nếu các động từ giới thiệu ở thì hiện tại đơn thì khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp ta giữ nguyên thì
Ví dụ:
Lan says “I am a student.” (Lan nói “Tôi là 1 học sinh”.)
=> Lan says (that) she is a student (Lan nói cô ấy là 1 học sinh.)
- Nếu câu trực tiếp diễn tả 1 sự thực hiển nhiên luôn luôn đúng thì ta giữ nguyên thì
Ví dụ:
Teacher said “The earth goes around the sun.” (Cô giáo nói “Trái đất quay quanh mặt trời”.)
=> Teacher said the earth goes around the sun (Cô giáo nói trái đất quay quanh mặt trời.)
Bảng đổi động từ
S + am/ is/ are + Ving S + was/ were + Ving
S + have/ has + been + Ving S + had + been + Ving
Trang 39English grammar grade 9 39
S + was/ were + Ving S + had + been + Ving
S + will/ can/ may/ must + V S + would/ could/ might/ had to + V
Ví dụ:
He said “I met her at Nam’s party.” (Anh ấy nói “Tôi gặp cô ấy ở bữa tiệc của Nam”.)
=> He said he had met her at Nam’s party (Anh ấy nói anh ấy gặp cô ấy ở bữa tiệc của Nam.)
Các trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, địa điểm
Last week/ month/ year/… The previous week/ month/ year/…
The week/ month/ the year/…before Next week/ month/… The following week/month/ ……
Tomorrow The next day/ The following day Yesterday The day before/ The previous day
Ví dụ:
- Nam said “My mother is planting trees now.” (Nam nói “Bây giờ mẹ tôi đang trồng cây”.)
=> Nam said his mother was planting trees then (Nam nói mẹ cậu ấy đang trồng cây lúc đó.)
- She said “I will go to Ha Long next summer.” (Cô ấy nói “Tôi sẽ đi Hạ Long mùa hè tới”.)
=> She said she would go to Ha Long the following summer (Cô ấy nói cô ấy sẽ đi Hạ Long mùa hè tới.)
3 Câu hỏi trong lời nói gián tiếp
Có thể dùng động từ trần thuật: “want to know, be interested to know, wonder” thay cho “ask”
Câu hỏi trong lời nói gián tiếp được chia làm loại:
3.1 Câu hỏi bắt đầu với các trợ động từ: Ta thêm if/whether
Ví dụ:
"Does John understand music?" he asked (Anh ta hỏi: “John có hiểu âm nhạc không?)
=> He asked if/whether John understood music (Anh ta hỏi liệu John có hiểu âm nhạc không.)
3.2 Câu hỏi bắt đầu với who, whom, what, which, where, when, why, how: Các từ để hỏi trên sẽ được
giữ nguyên trong câu gián tiếp
Ví dụ:
"What is your name?" he asked (Anh ta hỏi: “Bạn tên là gì?)
=> He asked me what my name was (Anh ta hỏi tôi xem tên tôi là gì.)
3.3 Các dạng đặc biệt của câu hỏi trong lời nói gián tiếp
a Shall/ would dùng để diễn tả đề nghị, lời mời:
Ví dụ:
"Shall I bring you some tea?" Tom asked (Tom hỏi: “Tôi mang cho bạn chút trà nhé?”)
=> Tom offered to bring me some tea (Tom đề nghị mang cho tôi chút trà.)
"Shall we meet at the theatre?" John asked (John hỏi: “Bọn mình gặp nhau ở nhà hát nhé?”)
=> John suggested meeting at the theatre (John gợi ý gặp nhau ở nhà hát.)
b Will/would dùng để diễn tả yêu cầu:
Ví dụ:
“Will you help me, please?” he asked (“Bạn sẽ giúp tôi chứ?” Anh ấy hỏi.)
=> He asked me to help him (Anh ấy yêu cầu tôi giúp anh ấy.)
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“Will you lend me your dictionary?” he asked (“Bạn sẽ cho tôi mượn cuốn từ điển của bạn chứ?” Anh ấy hỏi.)
=> He asked me to lend him my dictionary (Anh ấy yêu cầu tôi cho anh ấy mượn cuốn từ điển của tôi.)
4 Câu mệnh lệnh và câu yêu cầu trong lời nói gián tiếp
Ví dụ:
“Keep quiet!” he said (Anh ấy nói: “Trật tự!”)
=> He told me to keep quiet (Anh ấy yêu cầu tôi trật tự.)
“Listen to me, please!” she said (Cô ấy nói: “Nghe tôi nào!”)
=> He asked me to listen to her (Cô ấy yêu cầu tôi lắng nghe cô ấy.)
5 Câu cảm thán trong lời nói gián tiếp
Ví dụ:
“What a lovely dress!” she said (Cô ấy nói: “Chiếc váy dễ thương quá!”)
=> She exclaimed that the dress was lovely (Cô ấy thốt lên rằng chiếc váy rất dễ thương.)
=> She exclaimed that the dress was a lovely one (Cô ấy thốt lên rằng chiếc váy đó là một chiếc rất dễ thương.)
6 Các hình thức hỗn hợp trong lời nói gián tiếp
Lời nói trực tiếp có thể bao gồm nhiều hình thức hỗn hợp: câu khẳng định, câu hỏi, câu mệnh lệnh, câu cảm thán:
Ví dụ:
She asked, "Can you play the piano?” and I said “No.”
(Cô ấy hỏi: “Bạn có biết chơi piano không? và tôi trả lời “Không.”)
=> She asked me if could play the piano and I said that I could not
( Cô ấy hỏi tôi liệu tôi có biết chơi piano không và tôi nói rằng tôi không biết.)
Dicrect and Indirect Speeches (Câu trực tiếp và câu gián tiếp) Part 2
I Lời nới trực tiếp và lời nói gián tiếp
1 Lời nói trực tiếp: là sự lặp lại chính xác những từ của người nói
- Lời nói trực tiếp được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép và sau động từ chính có dấu phẩy(,) hoặc dấu hai chấm(:)
- Đôi khi mệnh đề chính cũng có thể đặt sau lời nói trực tiếp
Ex: “ I don’t like this party” Bill said
2 Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech) là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nói, đôi khi không cần
phải đúng những từ của người nói
Ex: Bill said that he didn’t like that party
II Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu ở hiện tại
Ex: My teacher of Geography says, “ The Sun rises in the East.”
=>My teacher of Geography said ( that ) the Sun rises in the East
III Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu ở quá khứ
Ex: Nam said, “ I am doing my homework now.” => Nam said (that) he was doing his homework then
* Câu trần thuật trong lời nói gián tiếp ( Statements in reported speech)
S + V + O
said / to Sb (O) + That + S 2 V 2
S 1 + told (O) + That + S 2 V 2 talked + about st
*Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: thought, announced, explained, complained, believed…
S1 + said (that) + S2 + V’ + O’