Ebook The anatomy of stretching (2nd edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book The anatomy of stretching presents the following contents: Hamstrings, adductors, upper calves, lower calves and achilles tendon, shins, ankles, feet and toes. Invite you to consult.

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The hamstrings are a large group of three separate muscles located in the posterior (rear) of the thigh.They originate from the bottom of the hip bone and extend to below the knee, and work together toextend the hip and flex the knee; they correspond to the flexors of the elbow in the upper limb Duringrunning, the hamstrings slow down the leg at the end of its forward swing and prevent the trunk from

flexing at the hip joint The three muscles are, from medial to lateral, semimembranosus,

semitendinosus, and biceps femoris Biceps femoris is usually the largest hamstring, and has two

heads, the long and short; the long head crosses the hip joint to work it Semitendinosus andsemimembranosus are completely synergistic, meaning they both do the exact same actions

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Sports that benefit from these hamstring stretches include: basketball and netball; cycling; hiking,backpacking, mountaineering, and orienteering; ice hockey and field hockey; ice-skating, roller-skating, and inline skating; martial arts; running, track, and cross-country; running sports like soccer,American football (gridiron), and rugby; snow skiing and water skiing; surfing; walking and racewalking; wrestling.

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G01: SITTING REACH FORWARD HAMSTRING STRETCH

Technique

Sit with both legs straight out in front and keep your toes pointing straight up Make sure your back isstraight and then reach forward towards your toes

Muscles being stretched

Primary muscles: Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps femoris

Secondary muscle: Gastrocnemius

Sports that benefit from this stretch

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Basketball Netball Cycling Hiking Backpacking Mountaineering Orienteering Ice hockey Fieldhockey Ice-skating Roller-skating Inline skating Martial arts Running Track Cross-country.American football (gridiron) Soccer Rugby Snow skiing Water skiing Surfing Walking Racewalking Wrestling.

Sports injury where stretch may be useful

Lower back muscle strain Lower back ligament sprain Hamstring strain

Common problems and additional information for performing this stretch correctly

It is important to keep your toes pointing straight upwards Letting your toes fall to one side willcause this stretch to put uneven tension on the hamstring muscles Over an extended period of time,this could lead to a muscle imbalance

Complementary stretch

G06

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G02: STANDING TOE-POINTED HAMSTRING STRETCH

Technique

Stand with one knee bent and the other leg straight out in front Point your toes towards the ground andlean forward Keep your back straight and rest your hands on your bent knee

Basketball Netball Cycling Hiking Backpacking Mountaineering Orienteering Ice hockey Fieldhockey Ice-skating Roller-skating Inline skating Martial arts Running Track Cross-country

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American football (gridiron) Soccer Rugby Snow skiing Water skiing Surfing Walking Racewalking Wrestling.

Additional information for performing this stretch correctly

Regulate the intensity of this stretch by keeping your back straight and leaning forward

G03

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G03: STANDING TOE-RAISED HAMSTRING STRETCH

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Stand with one knee bent and the other leg straight out in front Point your toes towards your body andlean forward Keep your back straight and rest your hands on your bent knee

Secondary muscles: Gastrocnemius Soleus

Basketball Netball Cycling Hiking Backpacking Mountaineering Orienteering Ice hockey Fieldhockey Ice-skating Roller-skating Inline skating Martial arts Running Track Cross-country.American football (gridiron) Soccer Rugby Snow skiing Water skiing Surfing Walking Racewalking Wrestling

Lower back muscle strain Lower back ligament sprain Hamstring strain Calf strain

Regulate the intensity of this stretch by keeping your back straight and flexing your ankle so that yourtoes are pointing upwards

G04

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G04: STANDING LEG-UP HAMSTRING STRETCH

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Stand upright and raise one leg on to an object Keep that leg straight and your toes pointing straight

up Lean forward while keeping your back straight

G01

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G05: STANDING LEG-UP TOE-IN HAMSTRING STRETCH

Technique

Stand upright and raise one leg on to an object Keep that leg straight and point your toes upwards.Then turn the other foot inward and lean forward whilst keeping your back straight

Secondary muscles: Gluteus maximus Gemellus inferior and superior Quadratus femoris Piriformis

Basketball Netball Cycling Hiking Backpacking Mountaineering Orienteering Ice hockey Fieldhockey Ice-skating Roller-skating Inline skating Martial arts Running Track Cross-country.Soccer American football (gridiron) Rugby Snow skiing Water skiing Surfing Walking Racewalking Wrestling

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Lower back muscle strain Lower back ligament sprain Hamstring strain Calf strain.

Common problems and more information for performing this stretch correctly

This stretch can put intense pressure on the deep lateral hip rotators Regulate the intensity of thisstretch by keeping your back straight and slowly leaning forward

Complementary stretches

G11, E01

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G06: SITTING SINGLE LEG HAMSTRING STRETCH

Technique

Sit with one leg straight out in front and toes pointing upwards Bring your other foot towards yourknee Reach toward your toes with both hands

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It is important to keep your toes pointing straight upwards Letting your toes fall to one side willcause this stretch to put uneven tension on the hamstring muscles Over an extended period of time,this could lead to a muscle imbalance

G09

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G07: LYING PARTNER ASSISTED HAMSTRING STRETCH

Technique

Lie on your back and keep both legs straight Have a partner raise one of your legs off the ground and

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as far back as is comfortable Make sure your toes are pointing directly backwards.

Choose your stretching partner carefully They are responsible for your safety while performing thisstretch, so make sure you communicate clearly with them at all times

G04

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G08: LYING BENT KNEE HAMSTRING STRETCH

Technique

Lie on your back and bend one leg Pull the other knee towards your chest, then slowly and gentlystraighten your raised leg

Secondary muscle: Gluteus maximus

Keep your upper leg (thigh) relatively still, and regulate the intensity of this stretch by straighteningyour knee

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G12.

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G09: LYING STRAIGHT KNEE HAMSTRING STRETCH

Technique

Lie on your back and bend one leg Raise your straight leg and pull it towards your chest

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It is important to keep your toes pointing straight backwards Letting your toes fall to one side willcause this stretch to put uneven tension on the hamstring muscles Over an extended period of time,this could lead to a muscle imbalance

G10

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G10: KNEELING TOE-RAISED HAMSTRING STRETCH

Technique

Kneel on one knee and place your other leg forward with your heel on the ground Keep your backstraight and point your toes towards your body Reach towards your toes with one hand

Secondary muscle: Gastrocnemius Soleus

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It is not important to be able to touch your toes Concentrate on keeping your back straight and yourtoes pointing up

G03

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G11: SITTING LEG RESTING HAMSTRING STRETCH

Technique

Sit with one leg straight out in front and keep your toes pointing up Cross your other leg over and restyour foot on your thigh Lean forward, keep your back straight and reach for your toes

Secondary muscle: Soleus

It is not important to be able to touch your toes Simply reaching towards your toes is sufficient

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G07

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G12: STANDING LEG-UP BENT KNEE HAMSTRING

STRETCH

Technique

Stand with one foot raised onto a chair or an object Keep your leg slightly bent and let your heeldrop off the edge of the object Keep your back straight and move your chest towards your thigh

Basketball Netball Cycling Hiking Backpacking Mountaineering Orienteering Ice hockey Field

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hockey Ice-skating Roller-skating Inline skating Martial arts Running Track Cross-country.American football (gridiron) Soccer Rugby Snow skiing Water skiing Surfing Walking Racewalking Wrestling.

Hamstring strain Achilles tendon strain Achilles tendonitis Medial tibial pain syndrome (shinsplints)

Pushing your heel down towards the ground will help to intensify this stretch

G14

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G13: STANDING HIGH-LEG BENT KNEE HAMSTRING

STRETCH

Technique

Stand with one foot raised onto a table Keep your leg bent and lean your chest into your bent knee

Primary muscle: Gluteus maximus

Secondary muscles: Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps femoris

Basketball Netball Cycling Hiking Backpacking Mountaineering Orienteering Ice hockey Fieldhockey Ice-skating Roller-skating Inline skating Martial arts Running Track Cross-country.Soccer American football (gridiron) Rugby Snow skiing Water skiing Surfing Walking Racewalking Wrestling

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Complementary stretches

G04, D08

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G14: SITTING BENT KNEE TOE-PULL HAMSTRING STRETCH

Technique

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Sit on the ground with your legs slightly bent Hold onto your toes with your hands and pull your toestowards your body Lean forward and keep your back straight.

Hamstring strain Achilles tendon strain Achilles tendonitis Medial tibial pain syndrome (shinsplints)

When pulling back on your toes, make sure they are pointing straight upwards Letting your toes fall toone side will cause this stretch to put uneven tension on the hamstring muscles Over an extendedperiod of time, this could lead to a muscle imbalance

G08

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G15: STANDING REACH DOWN HAMSTRING STRETCH

Technique

Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart Bend forward and reach towards the ground

Secondary muscles: Gastrocnemius Gluteus maximus Iliocostalis lumborum Spinalis thoracis.Interspinales Multifidus

Basketball Netball Cycling Hiking Backpacking Mountaineering Orienteering Ice hockey Fieldhockey Ice-skating Roller-skating Inline skating Martial arts Running Track Cross-country

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American football (gridiron) Soccer Rugby Snow skiing Water skiing Surfing Walking Racewalking Wrestling.

This position puts a lot of stress on the lower back muscles and the knees Avoid this stretch if youhave lower back pain or knee pain

G01

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The adductors are a large group of muscles located on the medial (inner) side of the thigh Theyoriginate at the bottom of the hip bone and extend down the inside of the thigh attaching to the medialside of the femur

Pectineus is the most superior adductor; its primary action is adduction, or bringing the thigh toward

the midline of the body Gracilis attaches from the pubis symphysis to the tibia below the knee It

shapes the superficial inner thigh, but is relatively weak It works the knee as well as the hip

The three muscles specifically named adductors are the adductor magnus, adductor brevis, and

adductor longus They travel down the inside of the thigh, starting at the anterior pubis area of the

pelvis and attaching to the medial length of the femur The magnus is the largest of the three, andspreads out to cover the fullest area of the inside thigh

The primary action of the adductors is to adduct (draw towards the midline) the hip joint, but most

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also rotate the hip The pectineus and gracilis inwardly rotate, and the adductor brevis and magnusoutwardly rotate All adductors function as stabilisers of the leg when weight is on it, and stabilisethe pelvis.

Sports that benefit from these adductor stretches include: basketball and netball; cycling; hiking,backpacking, mountaineering, and orienteering; ice hockey and field hockey; ice-skating, roller-skating, and inline skating; martial arts; running, track, and cross-country; running sports like soccer,American football (gridiron), and rugby; snow skiing and water skiing; surfing; walking and racewalking; wrestling

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H01: SITTING FEET TOGETHER ADDUCTOR STRETCH

Technique

Sit with the soles of your feet together and bring your feet towards your groin Hold onto your anklesand push your knee towards the ground with your elbows Keep your back straight and upright

Primary muscles: Adductor longus, brevis, and magnus

Secondary muscles: Gracilis Pectineus

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Avulsion fracture in the pelvic area Groin strain Osteitis pubis Piriformis syndrome Tendonitis ofthe adductor muscles Trochanteric bursitis

Keep your back straight and use your elbows to regulate the intensity of this stretch

E08

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H02: STANDING WIDE KNEES ADDUCTOR STRETCH

Technique

Stand with your feet wide apart and your toes pointing diagonally outwards Bend at the knees, leanforward and use your hands to push your knees outwards

Secondary muscle: Pectineus

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Common problems and more information for performing this stretch correctly

Holding this position for extended periods of time requires a lot of quadriceps strength If you start tofeel your legs getting weak, take a break

H07

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H03: STANDING LEG-UP ADDUCTOR STRETCH

Technique

Stand upright and place one leg out to the side and your foot up on a raised object Keep your toesfacing forward and slowly move your other leg away from the object

Secondary muscles: Gracilis Pectineus

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To increase the intensity of this stretch, use a higher object and if you need to, hold onto something forbalance

H01

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