Bài giảng Dinh dưỡng cho các lớp Sau đại học 2014 - Bài 6: Lập kế hoạch chương trình đánh giá dinh dưỡng

Bài giảng cung cấp cho người học các kiến thức: Lập kế hoạch chương trình đánh giá dinh dưỡng, mức độ dinh dưỡng, tình trạng sức khỏe,... Hi vọng đây sẽ là một tài liệu hữu ích dành cho các bạn sinh viên đang theo học môn dùng làm tài liệu học tập và nghiên cứu. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo chi tiết nội dung tài liệu.

Program Planning: Community

Nutrition Assessment

Program Planning Basics

• Systematic process

• Continual feedback and evaluation

• Cyclical: based on increasing

understandings of the true nature of the situation and the effectiveness of

interventions

• Starts with an assessment of the current situation

Prioritize

Analyze problem and

propose model to address

Develop Intervention goals, objectives, implementation plan

Evaluate outcomes

Process Evaluation and Adjustment

Why Do Assessment?

Community Nutrition Assessment:

• Anchors program/intervention in the reality

– Improving programs and services

• Includes community and stakeholders as fully active participants

Community Nutrition Assessment:

• Based on assets more than deficits

• Helps to integrate nutrition programs into community-based health programs and plans

Successful Community Assessment Includes:

• Understanding current conditions of

families and individuals

• Evaluating local capacities for supporting health and nutrition needs

• Building community support for

implementing changes

Models and Protocols for Community Assessment

• Planned Approaches to Community Health (PATCH) – CDC

• Assessment Protocol for Excellence in

Public Health (APEXPH) – NACHO (National Association of County Health Officials)

• Moving to the Future: Developing

Community Based Nutrition Services –

ASTPHND (Association of State and Territorial Public Health

Nutrition Directors)

Strategic Planning for Initiatives to

Address Local Health Efforts

• Community Assessment

• Organize a community planning group

• Define community boundaries

Strategic Planning, cont.

Steps to Assessment

• Convene a planning group

• Define community

• Identify Community Assets

• Identify Perceived Needs

• Build Demographic Profile

• Analyze Community Health Status

• Analyze Community Nutrition Status

• Identify Community Resources and Service Utilization

• Identify common issues and unmet needs

• Prioritize

Community Nutrition Planning

Group: Responsibilities

• Collect data and information

• Identify health needs and gaps in service

Community Nutrition Planning Group: Potential Members

Define the Parameters

• Public Health Nutrition: Assuring

conditions in which people can be

nutritionally healthy

• Community: “A community is any group

sharing something in common”

Community Tool Box

• Morale and involvement levels

• Key allies and rivals

• Unspoken rules and norms

• Attitudes and opinions

• Strengths and shortcomings

Identify Community Assets

• Physical structure, place, business

Identify Perceived Needs

• WHY?

– To understand public opinion

– To become aware of needs the planning

group doesn’t know about

– To gather support & expand group expertise – To make decisions about priorities

– To plan programs in ways that will be

acceptable to stakeholders

How do we assess perceived

needs?

• Listening sessions

• Public forums

• Key informant interviews

• Needs assessment survey or survey of concerns

Demographic Profile

• Economic status: income, employment, % below poverty

• Education levels

• Age and gender

• Race & ethnicity

• Social factors: homelessness,

immigration status, family composition,

TANF utilization

Community Health Status

• Causes of Mortality

• Hospital discharge data

• Disease prevalence data

• Food bourne illness reports

• Years of potential life lost

• Infant mortality

Community Nutritional Status

Community Resources & Service

Utilization

• What resources are available?

• To what extent are people using them?

Examples of Community Nutrition

Resources

• Food assistance programs (WIC, Basic

Food, etc.)

• Grocery stores with high quality produce

• Food Service with health promoting food options

• Educational programs

• Media

• Profession and non-profit organizations

• Nutrition counseling

Criteria for defining/prioritizing

• Root causes (“but why?”) & ability to impact root

causes (effectiveness of interventions)

• Barriers to resolutions

• Political and financial support

Group Work: Develop Problem List

• Brainstorm nutrition related issues &

problems that arise from these data

• Choose 5 issues that are of interest to all stakeholders

• Prioritize these issues using criteria in