Chapter 3, Systems of measurement and weight, reviews weights and measures. It introduces the metric system as well as apothecary and household systems. Time and temperature conversions are included. Special attention is given to conversion factors, and the procedures for ratio proportion, fraction proportion, and dimensional analysis methods are introduced as building blocks for later chapters.
Trang 1Egler • Booth
Trang 2Systems of Weights and Measures
Trang 3mastered skills to be able to:
Trang 5 Large numbers of medications are
measured in grams and milligrams (units of the metric system).
Understanding and converting systems of
weights and measures are required of
pharmacy technicians.
Trang 7Measurement
Trang 13Measurement
Type of Measure Basic Unit Abbreviation
Trang 16kilogram kg
kiloliter kL
Length (meter)
Trang 20Answer d 6.25 mL
Trang 23 Remember: The larger the unit, the
smaller the quantity. The smaller the unit, the larger the quantity.
For example : 1 dollar bill = 4 quarters = 100 pennies
For example : 100 pennies = 4 quarters = 1 dollar bill
Trang 24 An old system of measurement
First used by apothecaries (early
pharmacists) and moved from Europe to colonial America.
Household system evolved from the
apothecary system.
Very few medications are still measured in
Trang 32Equivalents
Units of measurement found in the
apothecary and the household systems are equal
Apothecary ounces = household ounces
Neither system is based on multiples of 10
Trang 35Review and Practice
Trang 36Equivalent Measures
teaspoon 1 teaspoon = 60 drops
tablespoon 1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoons
tablespoons
Trang 39Converting Among Metric, Apothecary, and Household Systems
Trang 44 Conversion factor is a fraction made of two
quantities that are equal to one another but which are expressed in different units.
Refer back to Table 38.
1 kg and 2.2 lb are equal
Two different conversion factors can be
formed.
Trang 46Using Conversion Factors (con’t)
Example
Write a conversion factor for converting from milliliters to ounces
Put ounces as the numerator
The correct conversion factor is
Trang 52How many kg does a 66pound child
weigh?
1 kg = 2.2 lb First ratio is 1 kg:2.2 lb Second ratio is ?:66
1 kg:2.2::?:66
Trang 58 Both Fahrenheit (F) and Celsius (C)
temperature scales are used in healthcare settings.
Celsius temperature is also known as
Centigrade (C) temperature scale.
Water freezes at
32 degrees Fahrenheit
Trang 60 To convert from C to F use:
Trang 71Convert 5.0 mcg to mg.
5.0 mcg ÷ 1000 = 0.005 mg
Convert 43 kg to g.
Trang 72How many kg does an 88pound child
weigh?
88 lb = 2.2 lb ? kg 1 kg
88 x 1 = ? x 2.2
Trang 73Convert 50ºC to ºF.
C 32
100
(1.8 x 50) + 32 = ºF (90) + 32 = ºF
122 = ºF
Convert 100ºF to ºC.
Trang 74As a pharmacy technician it is imperative that you master the concepts of the systems of
measurements and weights. You need to be able to “measure up to the mark,” so to speak,
as you will use units of measurement and
weight in all dosage calculations.