Ebook Thuốc cổ truyền phòng, trị bệnh tăng huyết áp: Phần 2

Nối tiếp nội dung phần 1 cuốn sách Thuốc cổ truyền phòng, trị bệnh tăng huyết áp do PGS.TS. Phạm Xuân Sinh biên soạn. Phần 2 giới thiệu tới người đọc Những vị thuốc cổ truyền dùng phòng trị bệnh tăng huyết áp. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo nội dung chi tiết.

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MAU DON BI

Paeonia suffruticosa Andr

Ho Mao I Uong - Ranunculaceae

• Dac diem thtfc vat

Cay cao lm -l,5m La moc sole thirdng chia thanh

3 ld chet ; la chet giufa chia 3 thung ; cuong dai Hoa moc don doc of dau canh, hoa to, difdng kinh 15-20cm, mau d6, tim hodc trdng mui thom

- Bp phan dung

Vo re - Cortex Paeoniae radicis

- Thanh phan hoa hoc

Trong r ! co glycosid goi la paeonolid chat nay bi men thuy phan tao ra mot phenol goi la paeonol

C9H1 0O3 ; con co paeoniforin, tinh dau 0,15-0,4%, hpp chat sterol, glucose, arabiose, alcaloid va saponin

- Tac dung sinh hoc

+ Mau don bi co tac dung ha dp tren dong vat thinghiem Tac dung nay do chat paeonol gay ra Co the tiem tinh mach vdi lieu 80mg-120mg/kg the trong cho ; hodc cho uong vdi lieu 0,15-lg/kg the trong, duy tri lieu 3 tuan ; tac dung ha huyet ap ro ret Ngoai

ra mau don bi cdn co tac dung gay sung huyet tuf cung ; tir do diTa lai cong ndng dieu kinh cho vi thuoc

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+ Mau dcfn bi co tac dung tfc che nhieu loai vi khuan : TrUc khuan mu xanh, dai tr&ng, tu cau vang, tnic khuan thuong han, pho thudng him va mot so nam.

- Cong dung

Mau don bi dupe dung de tri b^nh tang huyet dp dac biet tang huyet ap do gan ; benh xo cUng dong mach day m a t; tang nhan ap Mau don bi con dupe dung

de chtfa cac benh chay mau nhu chay mau cam, tri huyet non ra mau Do cong nSng hoat huyet nen dupe dung

de dieu hoa kinh nguyet, cac benh be kinh tich huyet, dau xUOng cot ma mo hoi khong thoat ra dupe

- Chu y :

Can phan biet vi mau don bi vdi re cay hoa mau don thudng trong or cac chua chien, lay hoa thd cung

NGAI TU0NG (BINH VOI)

Stephania rotunda Lour.

Ho Tiet de - Menispermaceae.

- Dac diem thtfc vat

La day leo mau xanh La hinh khien, moc sole ; doi khi tron hay bau due Hoa nho moc thanh tan Hoa due cai khac goc Qua hinh cau ; khi chin co mau do, trong co 1 hat Binh voi co cu rat to, vo thudng mau

nau, xu xi Cay binh voi thudng moc d vung nui da

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voi, doi khi moc o ca dat pho bien la 0 Hoa Binh, Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang.

- Bp phan dung

Than cu - Turber stephaniae Rotundae

Trong cu cd chiia cac hpp chat ancaloid chinh nhir L tetrahydropalm atin (rotundin), roem erin Ngoai ra mot so loai binh voi khac cd chila cac hpp chat cepharanthin, corytuberin, dicentrin, sinomenin, sinoacutin

Ngai tiTpng cd tac dung ha huyet ap, an than, keo dai giac ngu cua chuot khi dung kem vdi thuoc ngu loai bacbituric

Roemerin mot thanh phan trong ngai ti/png co tac dung gay te niem mac, an than, gay ngu, gian mach

va ha huyet ap

- Cong dung

Ngai ti/png co tac dung an than, dung cho ngirdi mat ngu, neu mat ngu lau ngay dung kem vdi lac tien, tam lien Vdi ngirdi tang huyet ap, cd the ham ngai tirpng uong hang ngay hoSc phoi hdp vdi cau dang thien ma, cuc hoa Ngoai ra con dung tri benh dong kinh dien gian, ho hen, sot, dau bung, ly

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- Chu y :

+ Do nhu cau dung ngai tupng ngay c&ng nhieu nfin viec khai thac gan day rat tuy ti?n ; dac bi?t ngudi dan tu khai thac de ban ra nUdc ngoai ; do do can phai

co ke hoach bao ve va tai sinh cho cay thuoc nay.

+ Khi dung can got bo vo ngoai thdi lat mong, phoi kho; hofic say kho (d nhi?t do 70°C) khi dung can sao qua.+ Ngoai ra binh voi cdn dupe dung lam nguy&n lifu chiet xuat rotundin 1dm thuoc an than "Rotunda"

NGHE RAM (RAU NGHE, THUY LIEU)

Cay moc hoang d bai hoang ven suoi, bd ruong

khap noi trong nUdc ta

• Bp phan dung

Dung toan cay - Herba Polygoni hydropiperis c6 the dung tuoi hoac phoi kh6

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- Thanh phan hoa h oc

Cac hc/p chat flavonoid: Rutin, rhamnazin hyperin querectin, persicarin, isorhamnetin Ngoai ra con co cac chat oxymetylanthraquinon, acid polygonic, poly- gopiperin, vitamin K

- C on g d u n g

Dung nghe lam thuoc san da, cam mau dung de tri benh bang huyet, co the dung cao long 1 :1 rdi uong theo giot 30-40 giot/ngay Ngoai ra cdn dung lam thuoc

ha huyet ap, nhuan trang, thong tieu, chufa rdn cfin ;lay la taai rufa sach gia uong ni/dc cot, ba d&p vao nai ran can Cdn dung lam thuoc chufa giun

Can phan biet vdi loai nghe ong (nghe trau) la to han, cd long bac, khong diipc dung vdi cong dung cua cay thuy lieu noi tren

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NGl f U T A T

Achyranthes bidentata Blume.

Ho Rau gien - Amaranthaceae

■ Dac diem thtfc v|it

Cay thuoc thao, than manh, hai vuong Ld moc doi dai 5-12cm, rong 2-4cm phien 1a nguyen Hoa moc

thanh bong a dau canh, hodc ke 1a ; hoa moc hudng

len phia tren, nhung khi thanh qua hudng quay xuong dudi Qua nang, la bdc con sot lai tao thanh cdc mui

nhon NgUU tat dupe trong a nhieu nai de lam thuoc.

- Bp phan dung

Re - Radix Achyranthis bidentatae

Trong re ngtfu tat co saponin tritecpenic, phin

genin la acid oleanolic Ngoai ra con co ecdysteron, inokosteron, cac chat diTdng galactose, rhamnose, glucose va muoi kali

+ NgUU tat co tdc dung ha huyet dp vai dong vat

da gay me

+ Ha cholesterol trong mdu

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+ Tac dung lpi tieu, lam giam sufc co bop cua tim ech co lap, tic che co bop cua ta trang.

+ Co anh huting den sufc co bop cua tuf cung mot

so dong vat thi nghiem ; song khong on dinh

• C on g d u n g

Dung ngi/U tat de chtia benh tang huyet ap phoi hpp vdi tang ky sinh, hoa hoe, cau ddng thien ma Ngtiu tat con di/pc dung de ha cholesterol mau tren lam sang ; tren 65% so benh nhan co cholesterol mau cao deu co tac dung giam tot NgiAi tat con co tac dung lam giam ty le p/a lipoprotein mau ti 82% so benh nhan co ty le p/a lipoprotein mau cao Ngi/u tat con dtipc dung de tri cac benh dau khtip cac khtip ltin bi viem nhir khtip goi, khtip khuyu tay va cdc khtip khac deu co hieu qua

- Chu y

+ Can phan biet ngi/u tat vdi cay co xiftic (A.aspera) hay cbn goi la ngdU tat nam, cay n&y moc hoang d nhieu ndi, co hinh dang giong ngtiti tat, song re nho hon, nhan dan cung dung re cay nay, doi khi ca cay

de chufa phong thap dau nhtic xiTdng cot ; co the dung

re cay nay de chufa benh bach hau bdng cach lay re ngam vao rtidu ; dung rtipu nay nho true tiep vao nhtfng mang gia tao ra khi benh bach hau or hong

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Morinda Citrifolia L Ho Cd phe - Rubiaccae

- Dac diem thtfc vat

Cay nhau thuoc loai cay nhd cao do 5-9m than nhdn, mpc hoang noi am thap ; canh to La moc doi hinh bau due rong co mui nhon ng£n dai 12-30cm, rpng 6-15cm bong loang

Hoa trdng hpp thanh dau, diidng kinh 2-4cm Qua nac, gom nhieu qua mong nho mau vang nhat bong Ruot qua co mot ldp com mem chinh giufa co mot nhan

cuTng Cay mpc nhieu a mien Nam ni/dc ta.

• B q phan dung

Re, qua la vo cay - Radix, semen, folium et cortex Morindae Citrifolidae

Re chufa anthraquinon, mot glycosid goi la morindin

H on hpp a nth raglycosid nhii dam nacantal, 1-

m e th o x y ru b ia zin , m orid on , l-oxy-2-3-dimetoxyan- thraquinon, la chufa moridin

+ Ha huyet ap

+ Nhuan trang nhe va ben

+ Diu than kinh giao cam

+ Lpi tieu

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- C on g d u n g

Re duac dung lam thuoc chufa tdng huyet ap Dao lay re rufa sach, thai phien, phoi hodc say kho, sao vang sdc hodc ham uong dudi dang che de chufa cao huyet ap Lieu dung hang ngay 30-40g Moi lieu trinh

do 2 tuan, sau nghi 1 tuan lai tiep tuc vai ba lieu trinh nufa Nen theo doi thirdng xuyen huyet ap khi dieu tri.Ngoai ra dung qua an de nhuan trang, tri ho hen, benh bach ddi cua phu nuf, gan day con dung chufa dai dirdng

La nhau 1dm thuoc chufa ly, la chay, cam sot, hodc gia nat ddp vet thirong cho nhanh len da non Vo cay dung nau niTdc lam thuoc bo cho phu nuf sau khi de Ngirdi ta con dung re nhau lam thuoc chufa phong thap, dau nhufc gan xirong

NHAN SAM

Paxax ginseng C.A.Mey (P.schinseng Nees).

Ho Ngu gia bi - Araliaceae

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6 la Nhii vay co the cSn cijf vao so la tren cay co the

biet tuoi cua nhan sam Cu cua nhan sam (tufc \A re

nhan sam) thi/dng co hinh ngudi, do vay ma no mang ten nhan sam

Sam moc hoang d vung nui phia Bdc cua Trieu Tien, vung nui giap ranh vdi Nam Trieu Tien nhan sam m oc hoang cd ten khoa hoc Panax ginsengC.A.Mey, forma sylvestre chao ets Shih Cf Vi£t Nam, tren nui Ngoc Linh (khu 5) cung co moc mot loai sam vdi ten khoa hoc Panax Vietnamensis Ha et Grushv

d nhieu ni/dc tren the gidi co trong sam nhi/ Trieu Tien ; d&c biet d Nam Trieu Tien (Han Quoc), Trung Quoc Loai nhan sam trong co ten khoa hoc Panax ginseng C.A.Mey, forma sativum chao et Shih

/Hoa cua nhan sam cd mau xanh nhat Hoa di/dc dinh tren mot cum hinh tan moc d dau canh Qua mong hoi det ; khi chin cd mau do, trong chufa 2 hat

- Bp phan dung

Re - Radix Ginseng

+ Thanh phan quan trong va co gia tri nhat trong nhan sam la cac hop chat saponin tritecpenoid : Pro- topanaxadiol va protopanaxatriol

+ Cac hop chat vitamin nh6m B,B1,B2, cac phytosterol

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* T ac d u n g sinh h o c

+ Nhan sam tac dung ha huyet ap (lieu cao) tren dong vat thi nghiem Tuy nhien d lieu thap co xu hudng tdng huyet ap Tren thuc te co 2 giai doan nang va

ha huyet ap

+ Ha difdng huyet nhUng khong thay the duoc insulin

+ Xuc tien tong hop acid nucleic

+ Giam cholesterol cua huyet thanh chuot thi nghiem

+ Tac dung chong stress va tdng kha nang nhan biet va tri nhd cua chuot thi nghiem

+ Tdng bai nieu va kem thai ure

+ Tac dung ha sot giam dau ; tdng tdc dung kich due vd kich thich mien dich

- Cong dung

Nhan sam la thuoc bo khi dlu vi, dUUc dung khi ngudi met moi yeu dt, da xanh xao, kem dn, k6m ngu, doi vdi ngudi huyet ap tdng d mUc do vUa phai ma cothe gay yeu met moi van co the dung sam tot Song

d nhtfng ngudi huyet ap qua tdng thi khong nen dung

- Chu y :

+ Doi vdi ngudi bi ia chay khong dung

+ Doi vdi ngudi the han, nen chich vdi nUdc gtfng.

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RAU MA (TICH TUYET THAO)

Centella assiatica (L) Urban Ho Hoa tan - Apiaceae

- Dac diem thtfc v^t

La loai than thao moc bo lan tren mat dat, than

co mau, ti/ do co cac re La nho tron, co rdng ci/a, c6 cuong dai ; tren co gan xuat phdt tCf goc la Hoa tu xim moc d ke ld gom 1 den 5 hoa nho Qua det, rau

md moc hoang d moi ndi trong nUdc ta ; co the thu hai de lam thuoc va lam rau dn

- Bp phan dung

Toan cay - Herba Centellae ; co the dung tifcri hodc kho

Trong rau md co cdc hap chat saponosid, asiati-

co s id , c a c h g p ch a t m a d e ca sso sid , brahm osid, thankunisid, isothankunisid, thankunicacid, acid asi- atic, acid brahmic acid isobrahmic, vitamin C, sterol

+ Tac dung ha huyet ap tren cho da gay me vdi lieu lO-lOOmg/kg the trong

+ Ni/dc sdc lam giam nhu dong ruot tho va chuot cong co lap vdi nong do doi khang vdi acetylcholin

+ tfc che true khuan mu xanh, trUc khuan bien hinh, tu cau vang.

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- C on g d u n g

Dung nude ep tUdi hodc nude sac chufa tdng huyet

ap, dau dau hoa mat chong mat, con dung de chUa ho lao, ho do phe nhiet, ho khan, ho lau ngay, ho ga, chUa viem hong, viem amidan, dau mat do, viem gan hoang dan (viem gan co the phoi hop vdi nhan tran)

Ngoai ra con dung rau ma, chUa tieu do phu ne,

Id ngtfa ngoai da, phu ntf dau bung kinh

- Chu y :

+ Can phan biet vdi cay rau ma long ve hinh dang giong cay rau ma, song tren mat la co long min ; co tinh dau, cho mui thdm, moc d Tam Dao, dung chu yeu de chufa cam, chtfa ho Cay rau ma md, la nho bong mUdt (Hydrocotyle rotundifolia Roxb - nhan dan dung toan cay nay de chtfa benh gan hoac cay rau ma la rau muong (Emilia sonchifolia L Ho Cue - Asteraceae, dung chtfa mun nhot, chtfa ho, hoac chtfa dau mat, hoac cay rau ma ngo polygonum perfoliatum L Ho Rau ram-Polygonaceae

de chtfa ran cdn hoac chtfa mun nhot

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mau trang hoac hong, luPng tinh ; nhieu nhi ; nhieu

la noan rdi nhau dung trong mot de hoa loe ra goi la guong sen hay lien phong

Qua chuTa mot hat Cay sen dupe trong hau het 0 cac dia phuong trong nUcfc ta de lam thuoc va thifc pham

• B q phan dung

Ha diep (la sen) - Folium Nelumbinis

Tam sen - Embryo Nelumbinis

Lien nhuc - Semen Nelumbilis

Lien ngau - Rhizoma Nelumbilis

+ Trong Id sen alcaloid toan phan khoang 0,77- 0,84% bao gom : Nuciferin, nor-nuciferin, roemerin, anonain, O-norciferin, armepavin, N-nor-amepavin, metyl-corlaurin dehydro-roemerin, vitamin C, acid oxalic, acid succinic

+ Trong lien tam chtfa nhieu alcaloid nhu lien- simin, isoliensimin, neferin, lotusin

Alcaloid toan phan cua la sen co tac dung an than

ha ap Rieng la sen nude sac la m tang huyet ap cho.+ Hiep dong vdi thuoc ngu pentobarbital tren chuot

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+ Uc che tuf cung co lap cua chuot (ke ca chuot

co thai)

- Cong dung

Dung alcaloid toan phan lam thuoc ha ap LA sen tuoi co tAc dung giai thtf, chufa cam n^ng Sao chay

co iAc dung dim mau, dung trong cAc trUdng hop tri

xuat huyet, mdu cam vdi tac dung nay cdn dung ca gUOng sen (sao chay) tua sen (chi nhi), lien ngau Rieng lien ngau (ngo sen) cdn dung nau vdi mong gid Ion Lien tam cd tac dung an than nen dung cho cac trUdng hc/p mat ngu cd the phoi hop vdi lac tien, ngai tuong Lien nhuc tac dung an than, co' tinh chtfa di tinh mong tinh, mat ngu

SOI

Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb

Ho Thau ddu - Euphorbiaceae

- Dac diem thtfc v£t

Cay soi moc hoang d nhieu dia phuong trong nUdc

ta Cay cao ttf 6-15m La so le hinh qua tram Hoa don tinh mau trSng vang hay vang Hoa cai d goc, hoa due

d tren Mua hoa ttf thdng 6-8 Qua hach hinh cau cd

3 hat

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- Bq ph an d u n g

Vo re - Cortex Radicis, vo than va la

Cortex et Folium Sapii Sebiferi

Vo re chtfa chat xanthoxilin va acid tanic

- Cong dung

- Loi tieu, tieu phu thung, tri t&ng huyet ap Thong qua loi tieu de ha ap Co the dung 15g re sSc uong Cach che nhu sau: Lay re tuoi hodc kho, cao bo ldp

vo tho ben ngoai, sao kho Vdi tac dung ha ap, con

co the dung la tuoi, gia v&t lay nUdc cho uong

- Chtfa phu thung do benh co trUdng, bang bi, dai tien khong thong, dung re sdi sdc uong nhu tren

- Ngoai ra con dung la sdi de chtfa benh san mdng, dung 8-30g la soi s&c uong uong lien 20-30 ngay ; hofic dung de giai doc, vdt lay dich la tuoi uong

SON TRA (TAO MEO)

Docynia indica (Mall) Dcc Ho Hoa hong - Rosaceac

- Dac diem thufc v^t

La loai cay go cao 5-6m ; cay non canh co gai LA

da dang ; a cay non, la moc so le xe 3-5 thuy; mep co

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rdng cua khong deu O thdi ky trUdng thanh la lai co hinh bau due mep nguyen hodc chi hoi co rang cUa.

Hoa mau trdng Qua hinh cau thuon dudng kinh 2cm-3cm khi chin co mau vang luc Thudng moc hoang

hodc trong a Lao Cai, Yen Bdi, Lai Chau.

- Bp phan dung

Qua - Fructus Docyniae

Trong qua co cac acid hUu cd (acid tactric, citric) vitamin C, tamin, dudng

- Cong dung

Sdn tra ducrc dung lam thuoc tri tdng huyet ap va benh tim mach co thdt dong mach vdnh, tim dap nhanh dung dudi dang cao long hodc dang con thuoc hodc dang thuoc sdc vdi lieu 4-8g trong ngay Sdn tra con dUdc dung lam thuoc tieu dao, kich thich tieu hoa, dn ngon com Tang sUc de khang cua cd the Ngoai ra con dung trong benh be kinh lau ngay, ly ra mau mu

- Chu y ;

+ Khi qua chin, hai ve bo ra phdi kho

+ Hoa sdn tra cung co the dung de tri benh cao huyet ap va tim mach

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TANG BACH BI (VO RE DAU)

C o rtex M ori radicis

- Dac diem thufc vat

La vo re cua cay dau Sau khi dao lay re cdt bo

re con, rufa sach ; cao bo ldrp bdn mau vang ben ngoai

de lo ldp vo lua trdng (bach) ben trong dung de lam thuoc

Trong re co cac hop chat flavonoid : Mulberin, mul- berrochromen, cyclomulberin, cyclomulberrochromen, acid betulinic

+ Tac dung ha ap ro ret, vdi lieu 3-10mg/kg tho

da gay me va tiem thuoc vao tinh mach

+ Tac dung ufc che tim ech co lap

+ Tac dung gian mach tai tho

+ Hung phan ruot va tuf cung tho co lap

- Cong dung

Dung tang bach bi de chufa ho do phe nhiet, phoi hop vdi dia cot bi, cam thao Dung tot cho nhufng ngifdi the tang tang huyet ap bi ho ; hodc tdng huyet ap do than Ngoai ra con dung tang bach bi cho ngirdi bi tieu

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tien it do, phoi hop vdi dau do, kim tien thao, sa tien thao, hodc dung cho ngudi tieu di/dng cung dat hieu qua nhat dinh.

- Chu y:

+ Khi dung tri ho, ngudi ta thtfdng chich tang bach

bi vdi mat ong hoSc dudng do

+ Khong dung cho nhufng ngudi bi ho d the han (ho do lanh, ho co ddm trdng loang)

TANG KY SINH (TAM Glfl CAY DAU)

Lorantlius parasiticus L Merr Ho Loranthaceae

• Dac diem thtfc vat

La nhufng bui cay bam ky sinh tren cay dau tdm than co nhieu lo bi mau trdng La moc doi hodc so le; phien la hinh bau due dai 3-8cm, rong 2,5-5cm ; dau

la tron tu ; la co gan phu manh, la co cuong hoa mau hong tim, tu thanh tan d nach la, moi nhom co 3 hodc

2 hoa Qua mong dai 8mm, co mot hat, ra hoa vao thang 1-3

- B q phan dung

La nhtfng doan than canh co la - Ranuchus Loran- thi parasitici

Ttf tang ky sinh thay c6 cdc hgp chat flavonoid ; trong d6 co avicularin ngoai ra cdn co tanin, antragly-

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cosid, acid hufu co va glycosid tim Tuy nhien vipc nghien cufu hoa hoc 0 tang ky sinh cho den nay chi/a

co nhieu tai lieu noi tdi

+ Vdi lieu 2g cao long 1 :1 cho 1kg the trang cho

da gay me bdng thiopental, cho tac dung ha ap sau

15 phut (giam 17% vd keo dai 4 gid lien vdi do giam 20%) thdi diem ha manh nhat la td phut thd 30 den phut 60 giam den 29%, so vdi doi chufng Tuy nhien khong lam anh hudng den tan so va bien do ciia tim

- Dich chiet tang ky sinh con lam gian mach tai tho va lam gian co tron cua ruot thd co lap

- Keo dai giac ngu cua chuot thi nghiem khi phoi hop vdi hexobarbital

- Qua thiic nghiem thay rdng tang ky sinh hoan toan khong doc

- Cong dung

Tang ky sinh duoc dung de tri tang huyet ap vditinh chat nay thu lay tang ky sinh ch$t thanh khuc nho phoi kho ; khi dung ham hodc sdc uong hang ngay,

co the phoi hop vdi cau ddng, ngifu tat, hoa hoe Ngoai

ra con dung tri benh te phong thap nhufc xi/ong cot, dau day than kinh ngoai bien, day than kinh toa phoi hop vdi doc hoat, phong phong, bach chi cdn dung de thuc sura sau de hodc chufa dpng thai, tang ky

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sinh phoi hop vdri ngai diep sao vang vdi cao ban long, sdc uong.

- Chu y

+ Hien nay tang ky sinh kha hiem, vi ngudi ta

trong dau thudng hai bo di ; do do co the thu hai a cdc loai tam gufi a mot so cay chu khdc nhu cay budi,

cay chanh, cam, hong, mft co gao Qua nghien ctfu so

bQ thay thanh phan hod hoc, cdc hop chat flavonoid cua chung tuong tu nhau ; do do co the dung chung nhu dung tang ky sinh Tuy nhien khong nen dung tam gufi tren cac cay chu doc nhu thong thien, true dao vi chUa co nhUng tai lieu nghien cUu sau ve cdc loai nay

+ Hien nay vi tang ky sinh co ban tren thi trUdng duoc cdc phong chan tri YHCT van dung gom cac loai tam gufi tren cac cay chu khdc nhau

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trong chufa mot nhan Cay tao di/oc trong o khAp moi noi de lay qua an va lam nguyen lieu thuoc.

- Bp phan dung

Qua, nhan, la tao-Fructus, Folium et semen Zizyphi

+ Qua tao chufa nhieu acid htfu co Acid oxalic, citric, malic, sucxinic vdi ham li/ong cao 0,54-3,4% ; ham li/ong protid cao, nhieu acid amin nhi/ cystin, arginin, treonin, methiomin, phelylalanin, leucin, vitamin P, C, cac nguyen to kim loai nhu magie, canxi, photpho, s5t, mangan, cac chat di/dng glucose fructose, rhamnose 34- 45%

+ Trong la chuTa rutin, quecxetin, berberin

+ Trong tao nhan co phytosterol, saponin jujubosid A,B, acid betulinic, betulin

+ Tac dung ha huyet dp, di/oc giai thich b&ng sti phoi hop thich hop theo ty le nhat dinh giiifa vitamin

P va C co trong qua tao

+ Tac dung loi tieu

+ La co tac dung khang sinh

- Cong dung

+ Qua tao di/oc suf dung de dieu hoa vk ha huyet

ap tot Vitamin F co trong qua giup cho mau lanh benh

Trang 23

het m§t moi, nhtfc dau vd ngu ngon Con dung cho nhufng ngirdi mdc chufng tim mach trong thdi ky bi phu Dich ni/dc sdc 10-20% cua qua dung tri chufng de non ; dieu tri nhiem doc 3 thang cuoi cua thdi ky thai nghen lam giam lifang protein trong ni/dc tieu ; hodc dung

de an thai khi de doa de non

Ngodi ra do co nhieu nguyen to vi lifong, coban trong qua, tao kha ndng ufng dung dieu tri benh thieu mau.+ La tdo co tac dung long ddm, tri ho hen va co tdc dung hut mu trong cdc nhot doc

+ Tdo nhan sao den co tdc dung an than gay ngu di/gc dung nhieu trong cdc benh mat ngu, benh tinh thdn kinh

- Chu y

+ Can phan biet vdi cay tdo rdng, moc hoang - Rhamnus crenatus Sieb, dung vo re kho ngam n/Ou chufa hdc lao, chtfa lang ben, ngtfa ld

TAC KE

Gekko gekko L Ho Tdc ke - Gekkonidae

• Dac diem vi thuoc

Tdc k6 la dong vat thuoc loai bo sat, co chieu dai than 17-20cm duoi dai 12-15cm Dau bep 3 canh, mdt

co con ngi/cfi thdng dtfng ; c6 4 chan moi chan co 5

Trang 24

ngon, c6 mang noi cac ng6n chan Dau lung va duoi

co cac vay nho hinh hat tr6n hodc nhieu canh co nhi£u mau sac : xanh, den, xanh nhat, do Mau sac nay giup tSc ke co the phu hop vdi mau sfic cua moi trUdng xung

quanh Tac ke de trtfng vko thdng 5-10 Tdc ke phan bo

nhieu d cac tinh Ha Bac, Yen Bai, Lao Cai, Cao Bang

- B q phan dung

Toan con, bo phu tang, bo phan dau mat va cac ban chan

Tac ke chuTa nhieu chat bdo, nhieu acid amin :

L euxin, sy s te in , tre o n in , a la n in , v a lin , prolin , isoleuxin, phenylalanin, histidin, acid glutamic aid aspartic, acginin, lysin, serin

+ Tac dung ha huyet ap tren cho da gay me+ Kich thich tang trUdng luc, tang bien do ruot tho

Trang 25

TE THAI (CAI TE THAI HOA)

Capsella bursa - pastoris (L.) Medic.

Ho Cai - Cruciferaceae

- Dac diem thtfc v£t

Cay thao cao 15-40cm, co the song 1-2 nam ; than

chia ra canh nho La co cuong ; la d goc thudng xe

sau ; phan ngon la hdi nhon, dai l-2cm, rong 2mm

Hoa tu or nach la hoac d ngon; hoa nho 4 canh hoa,

mau tr&ng Qua giac det, 3 gach hoac hinh tim ngugc

Ra hoa vao thang 3-4 thdi ky ra qua thang 5-6

- Bp phan dung

Toan cay - Herba Capsellae

Co acid fumaric, acid oxalic, malic co dudng malose, lactose, acid amin, glucosamin, sorbitol ; co flavonoid, rutin, hesperidin, diosmin, glycosid, sinigrin

Trang 26

Toan cay co tac dung ha ap, tac dung co bop ttf cung tren dong vat thi nghiem

- Cong dung

Te thai dung de tri cac benh chay mau, non ra mau, dai tieu tien ra mau, chay mau sau de, kinh nguyet qua nhieu, viem than phu ne, tieu buot co mau

co the phoi hop vdi ma de ; con dung chufa viem ruot,

ly Ngoai ra con dung de phong sdi dau b&ng cach s&c nude te thai cho uong 1 tuan lien, moi ngay 100ml

- Chu y

Te thai co the dung ti/di ho&c kho

THANH TUGNG TlT (HAT MAO GA TRANG)

Celosia argentea var cristaia (L.).

Ho Rau gien - Amaranthaceae

- Dac diem thtfc vat

La cay thuoc thao s o n g lau nam cao tdi lm2 than

k h o n g lon g, co nhieu canh mau xanh h o $ c h o n g tim

La moc cach dai 5-9cm rong l-3cm, mep nguyen Hoa

moc a ngon ho$c nach la dai 3-10cm mau tr^ng

- Bp phan dung

Hat - semen Celosiae argenteae

Trang 27

Chat beo 15%, tinh bot 30,8%

+ Cd tac dung ha huyet ap tren dong vat thi nghiem

+ Uc che triic khuan mu xanh

- Cong dung

Tren lam sang dung chufa tang huyet ap Dung dieu tri cAc vet thi/ang da nhiem khuan, chtfa thoat giang (loi dom), tri xuat huyet hoac dung tri cac trifdng hpp chay mau, dai tien ra mau, kinh nguyet dai, ly, dau

da day

- Chu y

+ Co the dung ca hat mao ga do (Celosia cristata L.) hoa co mau do de chtfa cao huyet ap va cong dung tifong tif

Ca hai loai con dung de tri ran can

+ Khi dung co the sao hoi vang, hat hai phong len

THAO QUYET MINH (HAT MUONG NGU)

Cassia tora L Ho Vang - Caesalpiniaceae

- Dac diem thtfc vijt

Thao quyet minh la cay nho cao do lm LA mpc

sole, kep long chim chan gom ttf 2 den 4 doi la chet,

la chet dai 3-5cm, rong 15-20mm Hoa mau vang mpc

Trang 28

a ke la Qua loai giap, hinh tru, trong chua hat hinh tru hai dau vat cheo mau nau bong Thao quyet minh moc hoang d nhieu ndi trong mfdc ta nhu Thai Binh,

Ha BSc, Hai Duong

- Bp ph an d u n g

Hat - Semen Cassiae

Trong hat chuTa chrysophanol, physion, obtusin aurantio-obtusin, chrysoobtusin, rubrofusarin nor-rubo- fusarin, rubrofusarin-6-(3-gentiobiosid, aloeemodin, rhein, emodin, toralacton, chrysophanol-1-fVgentio- bisid, chrysophanic acid-9-anthron

+ Dich nUdc s&c va con co tac dung ha huyet ap vdi cho meo da gay me

+ An than

+ Ldi mat

+ Uc che tu cau vang, nong do 1 :20 ufc che mot

so bao tuf khuan

- Cong dung

- Dung tri tang huyet ap phoi hdp vdi hoa hoe, cuc hoa Con dung tri dau m5t do md mat phoi hdp vdi hoang lien, ha kho thao Chufa tao bon man tinh Dung

Trang 29

thao quyet minh sao vang hoSc sao chdy ham uong hang ngay Ngoai ra con dung de lam thuoc thanh nhiet an than, phoi hdp vdi nhan tran, tho phuc linh.

- Chu y

+ Thao quyet minh neu khong sao hoSc vi sao sau khi s&c co mui nong rat kho chiu, mui vi buon non

Do vay khi dung vdi tinh chat tay trong nhtfng trUdng

hdp t&o bon nhieu, can sao vang ; ttfc la sao den khi

hat no het thi ddng lai

+ Thao quyet minh sao chay ; sau khi dat den mtfc sao vang ; con duy tri mot thdi gian ntfa, tren milt dung cu sao se boc len mot lan khoi mau vang cam (do cac hop chat anthranoid thang hoa) sau do vo hat den dan di, den khi co mui thdm chay, cSn hat ra ben trong co mau nau Dung loai sao chdy de chtfa cac trUdng hdp mat ngu, tao b6n man tinh

THIEN KIM DANG (SON MA QUY)

Ld mot loai binh vdi Stephania japonica

(Thunb.) Mers Ho Tiet de ■ Menispermaceae

- Dac diem thifc v$t

Ta biet rfing trong chi Stephania co tdi 45 loai thien kim dkng la mot trong so do

Trang 30

Thien kim dSng la loai co than day ciing, khong long, la moc cach, hinh trring rong, mong dai 6-15cm, dau nhon Hoa don tinh di chau, tap trung thanh tin Qua hinh cau nhan bong, diidng kinh 6mm Hoa ra thang 5-6 Qua thang 8-9.

- B q phan dung

Than cu - Tuber stephaniae japonicae

T rong cu thien kim d d n g ch ila c a c alcaloid chinh nhtf stephanin, protostephanin, epistephanin, lypoepistephanin, isularin, steponin, homostephanolin

Thien kim d&ng c6 tdc dung ha ap Tac dung nay

do ch£t steponin gay ra

- Cong dung

Dung thien kim ddng tri benh tdng huyet ap Ngoai ra con dung tri viem hong sung dau; con dung dang tucfi gia nat dap mun nhot

THANG MA

Cinifuga foetida Maxim

Ho Mao luang - Ranunculaceae

- Dac diem thwfc v£t

La cay song lau n&m cao khoang lm-2m, tren than

co long mem La kep nhieu lan long chim Hoa tir hinh

Trang 31

chuy lifofng tinh mau trdng Qua kep, tren mdt co long Cay co o Trung Quoc ; hien nay vi thuoc ban nhieu tren thi trifdng Viet Nam.

- B q phan dung

Than-re - Rhizoma Cimifugae foetidae

Trong thdn r l c<5 acid isoferulic, acid ferulic, cimigemol, cimigemol xylosid, dahurinol, chat ddng cimitin Ngoai ra cdn co alcaloid

Dang chiet con cua thang ma co tac dung tran tinh

va ha huyet ap ; chong lai sir co qudp do strychnin gay

ra tac dung ndy la acid ferulic Con c6 tac dung tfc che trtfc khuan lao, mot so nam ngoai da

- Cong dung

Dung thdng ma lam thuoc chufa cam mao phong nhiet gay sot cao, dau dau, hodc dau dau do tdng huyet

ap Con dung de giai doc, trtf on dich, dau hong ngufa

- Phoi hpp vdri huyen sam cat cdnh thdng ma con dong vai tro thdng difdng khf Do tdc dung do, thdng

ma di/pc dung vdi sai ho trong phifong thuoc bo trung ich khi (hodng ky, dang sam, hoai son, ditong quy )

de chtfa cac benh chufng sa gidng, sa da day, ttf cung, loi dom tri

Trang 32

- Chu y :

+ Vi thang ma rat ctfng, nen khi dung can ngam mem, thai phien, phdi kho, sao kho la dung dupe.+ Tren thi trUdng vi thdng ma bdc dtfpc ban vdi nhieu loai khac nhau nhtf :

Thien thdng ma (C heracleifolia Komar)

Bdc thdng ma (C dahurica Maxim)

Quang dong thdng ma lai thuoc ho Cue Asteracea Can chu y phan biet Tuy nhien ve mdt cong dung chung deu c6 tac dung tifdng ttf Cung can phan biet vdi cay thdng ma Nam ld re cay qua no ho O ro, co mpc d Vipt Nam ; nhieu ndi dung thay thdng ma

THUCfNG SON

Dichroa febrifuga Lour.

Ho Thudng son - Saxifragaceae

- Dac diem thtfc v$t

Thudng sdn thuoc loai cay bui cao chtfng lm 5 den2m Than gion, rong, mau tim La mpc doi, hinh mac,

co cuong ; phan cuong va mdt dudi la co mau tim, mep

la co rang cifa Hoa mpc thanh chum co mau xanh lam hay hong, mpc d nach la hay d dau cac canh Qua mong, khi chin co mau lam Thudng son mpc hoang d cac tinh phia Bdc nhu Hoa Binh, Ha Bdc, Bdc Can, Thai Nguyen

Trang 33

- Bp phan dung

Ld va re - Folium et radix Dichroae

Alcaloid A (a, (3 - dichroin)

Alcaloid B (y - dichroin) Cac chat alcaloid khdc nhu: Dichroin, febrifugin, isofebrifugin Ngoai ra con co cac chat este noi nhi/ umbeliferon, dichrin A, dichrin B

+ Alcaloid toan phan cua thi/dng son co tac dung ha

ap tren dong vat (cho)

+ Cac alcaloid cua thi/dng son co tac dung chong sot ret (thi nghiem tren ga) co hieu li/c ti/Ong tu quinin

va gap 26 lan so vdi quinin, chat alcaloid A tac dung manh hon quinin tif 98-152 lan

+ Alcaloid A cua thi/dng son ufc che ly amip Dich sdc cua thi/dng son ufc che virus cum PR3 Ngoai ra alcaloit toan phan con ufc che cdc khoi u or chuot nhdt

- Cong dung

ThUcfng sdn di/pc dung chu yeu de chufa benh sot ret, co the phoi hop vdi thao qua, binh lang, hau phac Dung tot trong cac tn/dng hdp sot ret, dau dau cdng lam huyet ap tdng Ngoai ra con dung khi long ngUc

bi bich do nhieu ddm ngi/ng dong

Trang 34

- Chu y

Khong dung cho phu nuf co thai

TOI

Allium sativum L Ho Hanh - Liliaceae

- Dac diem thufc v£t

Cay thao song nhieu ndm; than thifc hinh tru, phia dudi mang nhieu re phu, phia tren mang nhieu ld Ld ctfng hinh dai co ranh khia Cf moi ndch ld, phia goc

co mot choi nho sau phdt trien thdnh t£p toi Cdc t£p nay ndm chung trong mot cdi bao, sau phat trien thdnh

cu (gio) Hoa tan co cdn ddi, bao hoa trdng hay hong

Ra hoa vao thdng 5-7

- Bp phan dung

Gio cua cay toi - Bulbus Allii

Thanh phan chu yeu la tinh dau (0,2%) trong dochu yeu la aliin, mot thif acid amin khi tac dung bdi men alinase, co ngay trong toi mdi tao ra chat alixin ; chat cho mui cua toi Ngoai ra toi con chtfa iod, vitaminA,B1,B2,C, allycetoin I va II, acid nicotinic

Trang 35

C h a t alixin co tac d ung tfc che m an h vdi vi khuan

S taphyllococcus, trUc khuan thudng han, ta, ly, bach hau, vdi ly tac d ung ca true khuan ly va ly amfp.

- C ong dung

T oi dude suf dung de chufa cao huyet ap, ha lipid mau ; co the dung toi n g a m va o c o n 60°, cuf lOOg toi sau khi b oc vo n goai, thai m o n g n g a m vdi 5 0 0 m l co n ;

do vai tuan la co the suf dung N ga y uong 20-50 giot, chia lam 2-3 lan C on d ung toi chUa ly co the uong

6 g/ngay chia 3 lan, d o n g thdi thut vao hau m on dung dich 5-10% toi (du ng nude soi de nguoi n g a m vdi toi gia nat loc lay nUdc) N goa i ra con dung de chufa cac trUdng hdp bun g d ay trUdng khi, nhieu ddm.

- Chu y ;

G an day toi duoc nhieu nUdc quan tam suf dung ;

co nhieu che p h a m co th a n h p h a n tU toi ; do tinh ch a t

ha ch olesterol va ha h u yet ap cua no Tuy n h ie n khi

sU d u n g dieu tri huyet a p ta n g ngudi ta phai chu y den lieu lUdng N eu du n g qua lieu h u yet ap co xu hudng

ta n g len.

Trang 36

TRACH TA

Alisma plantago - aquatica L uar Onentalis (Sam)

Ho Track ta - Alismataceae

Trach ta la cay thu<?c thao, cay cao 40-50cm LA

co cuong dai, phien 1A hinh trai xoan, mui mac hoSc lom a goc, dai 15-20cm Cum hoa chuy to Qua be

- Bp phan dung

Than re - Rhizoma Alismatis

Trach ta chufa cac hop chat saponintritecpen nhif alisol A,B,C,D, alisol A-monoacetat, alisol B-monoacetat Ngoai ra con chufa tinh dau, protit, phytosterol, iod, mangan

+ TAc dung ha huyet Ap

+ Tac dung ha cholesterol trong mau

+ Ha thap ure huyet

+ Tac dung loi nieu

+ Tac dung ha di/dng huyet

- Cong dung

+ Trach ta duoc dung de dieu tri cac benh do am hi/ hoa vUpng, dau dau hoa mdt, cao huyet ap, trong

Trang 37

trUdng hop nay ngirdi ta thirdng phoi hdp vdi mau ddn

bi, hoai sdn, thuc dia, sdn thu du, bach linh (xem bai luc vi).

+ Dung chufa tieu tien kho khan, tieu due, tieu buot, ddt, tieu ra mau, phoi hdp vdi hoa hoe (sao den) ; hodc trdc bach diep (sao den) hodc phoi hop vdi y di ty giai.+ Trach ta con dUdc dung de chufa cdc benh diTdng tieu hoa nhir bung day tn/dng la chay, kiet ly, phoi hdp

vdi thi/dng thuat, hodi sdn Ngoai ra con dung de chufa cac benh than tinh bat tuc ddn den dau lifng, di tinh.

+ Trach ta con di/dc dung trong benh dai di/dng, benh ure huyet cao, benh gut

- Chu y

+ Hat trach ta cung co tac dung ldi tieu

+ Ld trach ta dung ngoai chufa benh ngoai da.+ Khi dung trach ta (cu) ngudi ta thudng che bien bdng cach thdi phien sao vang, hodc chich vdi rUdu Ngoai ra con chich vdi dung dich 5% cua muoi dn Cach lam nhu sau : tCr 1kg trach ta phien, lay 150ml dung dich muoi dn 5% ; tam deu u 30 phut ; sao tdi be mdt phien co mau vang Trong cac benh kieng dung muoi nhu benh phu than (viem than) thi dung trach ta khong chich muoi

Trang 38

TRINH NUf (XAU HO, MAC CCJ)

Mimosa pudica L Ho Dau - Fabaceae

Cay bui, song lau ndm, phan nhieu nhanh, than canh co gai hinh moc sdc La kep long chim chan hai lan, cuong phu xep nhuf hinh chan vit, moi la co 15-20

la chet Hoa mau tim do, tap hdp thdnh hinh dau, co cuong dai, cum qua hinh ngoi sao, qua co nhieu long cuTng that lai gitfa cdc hat

Trinh nuf moc hoang d nhieu ndi trong nifdc ta ; difdc khai thac lam thuoc

- B q phan dung

Toan cay - Herba Mimosae Pudicae

Trinh nuf chufa alcaloid mimosin, hdp chat selen, flavonoid, acid amin, acid hufu cd

+ Tdc dung an than gay ngu, keo ddi giac ngu cua chuot khi dung vdi thuoc ngu hexobarbital

+ Tac dung chan kinh, giam dau

+ Tac dung giai doc acid asend

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