Chapter 1, Numbering systems and mathematical review, provides a comprehensive review of fractions and decimals. When you have successfully completed Chapter 1, you will have mastered skills to be able to: Identify and determine the values of roman and arabic numerals; understand and compare the values of fractions in various formats; accurately add, subtract, multiply, and divide fractions and decimals;...
Trang 1Chapter 1: Numbering Systems and Mathematical Review
and Mathematical Review
Egler • Booth
Trang 2Mathematical Review
Trang 8 ss = ½
I = 1
V = 5
X = 10 They may be written
in lower or uppercase
Trang 10Example Roman numerals from
1 to 30 are the ones you are most likely to see in doctors’ orders.
Be familiar with these
to read orders correctly.
Example
IX = 10 –1 = 9
XIV = 10 + (51) = 14
Trang 12the whole
5 1
Trang 14100 1
100
Trang 17Mixed Numbers (con’t)
Only applied when the numerator is greater
than the denominator
Trang 193 1
Trang 2016 3
1 5
Trang 21100 4
12 8
Trang 223 1
6
2 2
2 3
1 X
Trang 23Equivalent Fractions (con’t)
To find an equivalent fraction, multiply or divide
both the numerator and denominator by the same number.
Exception:
The numerator and denominator cannot be
multiplied or divided by zero
Trang 2412
8 3
2
Trang 25? 8
40
4 , 20 2
Trang 27to Lowest Terms (con’t)
Example
15 10
3
2 15
10
Reduce
Trang 28Equivalent Fractions (con’t)
Reduce the following fractions:
Answer Answer
10
8
5 4
3
1 81
27
Trang 31Common Denominators (con’t)
Find the least common
denominator:
Answer 21 Answer 144
3
1
7 1
48
5
72 7
Trang 351 336
56
336
56 16
x 21
7
x
8 16
7 x 21 8
Trang 366 1
1 1
3 2
Answer will
Trang 386 1
5
4 7
x 6
5 1
10 3 14
Trang 39Answer 234 4
3 9
x 24
Trang 4016 1
doses
12 1
16 x
4 3
Trang 43divided by
Trang 44Dividing Fractions (con’t)
A case has a total of 84 ounces of
medication. Each vial in the case holds 1¾ ounce. How
many vials are in the case?
Answer 48
Trang 501 Always write a zero to the left of the decimal
point when the decimal number has no whole number part.
noticeable and helps to prevent errors caused
by illegible handwriting.
Decimals
Trang 53Write the following in decimal form:
10 2
100 17
1000 23
Answers
= 0.2
= 0.17
=
Trang 561.6 5
8
Trang 58Convert decimals to fractions or
mixed number:
100.4 100.4
1.2
Answer 1 10 2
5
1 1
or
Answer 100 10 4
5
2 100
or
Trang 60Decimals (con’t)
Subtract 7.3 – 1.005
7.300
1.005 6.295
Trang 6116.250 – 1.625
Trang 633.42
X 2.5 1710
684 8.550 There are three decimal places so place the
decimal point between 8 and 5 (8.55).
Multiplying Decimals (con’t)
Trang 66Add a zero behind the 32 for each decimal place
320 divided by 4 = 80 or 80 doses
Trang 68Round to the nearest tenth:
Answer 7.1
7.091
Trang 70Always ask for assistance if you are uncertain, the only bad question is the
one not asked.
THE END