Chapter 2, Working with percents, ratios, and proportions. This chapter continues the math review by introducing percents, ratios, and proportions as well cross-multiplication and means and extremes. The concepts of ratio strengths and strengths of mixtures are also introduced.
Trang 1Chapter 2: Percents, Ratios,
and Proportions
and Proportions
Egler • Booth
Trang 4 Explain the concept of proportion.
Calculate missing values in proportions by
using ratios (means and extremes) and
fractions (crossmultiplying).
Trang 6 1.0 = = 100 percent
Trang 7Example
Trang 10fraction.
8% = 100
8 100
8 2
25 25
2 Example
Example
Trang 11Convert 2/3 to a percent.
Convert 2/3 to a decimal. Round to the nearest hundredth.
Trang 13Convert the following percents to decimals: decimals
Answer = 0.14 300% Answer = 3.00
If you are still not sure, practice the rest of
the exercises “Working with Percents.”
14%
Trang 14Convert the following fractions to percents: percents
Trang 19Working with Ratios (con’t)
Convert the following into a ratio:
is 7:12
12 7
12
47 is 47:12
Example
Trang 201 Write the ratio as a fraction.
1:10 =
10 1
1 Write the ratio as a fraction.
2 Convert the fraction to a decimal
(see Chapter 1).
Example
Trang 21Example (con’t)
Example (con’t)
Trang 231 100
25
1:4
Example
Trang 24Example
Trang 251 25
Trang 265
Trang 278 1
8
Trang 30Including units in the dosage strength will
help you avoid some common errors.
Trang 33 This format is a fraction proportion
Trang 34100
50 10
Trang 355 as a ratio proportion.
12 :
10 12
10
6 :
5 6
5
2. 5:6 = 10:12 same as 5:6::10:12
1 Convert each fraction to a ratio.
2 Change the equal sign to a double colon
Trang 36Answer = 50:25 = 10:5 or
5
10 25
50
Trang 39X 3
Trang 4010
6 5
3
Example:
Trang 41mg
500 mL
5
mg
200
The missing value can now be found by cross
Trang 42fractions are the same, they can be dropped or canceled before setting up
a proportion.
Likewise, if the units from the
denominator of the two fractions are the same, they can be canceled.
Trang 43? mL
100
mg 20
20 100
?
X 100
Trang 4420 100
?
X 100
Trang 453
75
? 25
Trang 46mg 90
Trang 48Extremes
Means
Trang 50The statement 1:2::3:6 is a true proportion.
Trang 5210 = ?
Find the missing value in 25:5::50:?
Trang 561 Crossmultiply. Multiply the numerator of the
first fraction with the denominator of the second fraction. Then multiply the
denominator of the first fraction with the numerator of the second fraction.
2 Compare the products. The products must be
equal.
Trang 57Example Determine if is a
true proportion 25
10 5
10 5
2
Trang 60300
125 125
50