Chapter 10, Pediatric and geriatric considerations. This chapter includes drug orders based upon body weight. It introduces body surface area (BSA) calculations. Discussions of special concerns for pediatric and geriatric patients are also presented.
Trang 1Math for the Pharmacy Technician: Concepts and Calculations
Chapter 10: Pediatric and Geriatric
Egler • Booth
Trang 2Considerations
Trang 3Learning Objectives
Explain why dosages calculations for specific
populations must be based on the individual patient.
Trang 6Introduction
Two special populations require extra
consideration when calculating medication dosages
Pediatric (children under age 18)
Geriatric (mature adults over age 65)
Risk of harm is far greater due to way they
break down and absorb medications
Trang 10 Oral medications absorbed in digestive
system Topical absorbed through the skin
Trang 11Distribution
Process that moves the drug from the
bloodstream to other body tissues and fluids
Target site is where the drug product
produces its desired effect
Each drug affects drug target sites
Trang 14Drug Adjustment
Adjustment is needed if one of these four
processes are not functioning within certain limits.
Trang 17 These individuals will need education
regarding any regular or special requirements
Trang 18Teaching Patients or Caretaker About Medications
Trang 19Teaching Patients or Caretaker About Medications (con’t)
Trang 21Ensuring Safe Dosages (cont.)
The recommended dose is sometimes
written as a range, with a minimum and a maximum recommended dose. In this
case, you will need to determine if the dose ordered is not less than the minimum or
greater than the maximum recommended dose
Trang 22On hand: Usual child dose 2040 mg/kg day q8h
Answer: Dosage doesn’t fall within recommended
Trang 2416 1 lb oz
Trang 25dose
desired
kg
or dose
desired
kg
kg
mcg x
kg
mg
Trang 264 Calculate the amount to administer,
using fraction proportion, ratio proportion, dimensional analysis, or the formula method
Trang 27Review and Practice
Dosages Based on Body Weight (con’t)
Calculate the amount to administer to a threeyear old who weighs 34 lb.
Ordered: hysocyamine sulfate 5 mcg/kg subq 1 h pre anesthesia
On hand: hysocyamine sulfate 0.5 mg/mL
Answer: 0.15 mL
Trang 28 Clark’s Rule uses the weight of the child to
determine the desired dose and
Young’s Rule uses the age of the child to
determine the desired dose.
Trang 31mg
mg lb
lb
3 83
250 150
50
Trang 32patient' pediatric
dose adult
average years
12 years
in age s
child'
years in
age s
child'
Trang 33mg
mg years
years
years
3.83
25012
6
6
Trang 36(kg) weight
(cm) height
BSA
Trang 37BSA
Trang 41Calculating Dosage Based on BSA
4. Calculate the amount to administer, using
fraction proportions, ratio proportions, or the
formula method.
Trang 42single oral dose providing 130 mg/m2