Ebook Atlas of human anatomy (6th edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book Atlas of human anatomy presents the following contents: Abdomen (topographic anatomy, peritoneal cavity, visceral vasculature,...), pelvis and perineum (bones and ligaments, pelvic floor and contents, urinary bladder,...), Upper Limb, Lower Limb.

246 Anterior Abdominal Wall: Intermediate Dissection

262 Nerves of Posterior Abdominal Wall

4

290 Veins of Small Intestine

291 Veins of Large Intestine

292 Hepatic Portal Vein Tributaries: Portacaval Anastomoses

299 Autonomic Innervation of Stomach and Duodenum (continued)

300 Autonomic Innervation of Stomach and Duodenum: Schema

301 Autonomic Innervation of Small Intestine

302 Autonomic Innervation of Large Intestine

303 Autonomic Innervation of Small and Large Intestines: Schema

304 Autonomic Reflex Pathways: Schema

305 Intrinsic Autonomic Plexuses of Intestine: Schema

306 Autonomic Innervation of Liver and Biliary Tract: Schema

Pubic symphysis

Serratusanteriormuscle

ExternalobliquemuscleLinea albaLinea semilunarisUmbilicusIliac crest

InguinalligamentPubic tubercle

Pectoralismajor muscle

bodyWall Plate243 

Xiphoidprocess

12th rib

Sacralpromontory

Transverse processes of lumbar vertebraeIliac tuberosity

Iliac crestWing (ala) of ilium

GreatersciaticnotchArcuate lineIschial spine

Lessersciatic notch

Greater trochanter

of femur

Pecten pubis(pectineal line) Pubic symphysis

Ischial tuberosity

Lesser trochanter of femur (in medial rotation)

Inferior pubic ligament Pubic arch

L5

See also Plates 183 , 332

(RLQ)

Left lowerquadrant(LLQ)

Rightmidclavicular

line

Leftmidclavicularline

Epigastric region

Right hypochondrium(hypochondriac region)Transpyloric plane

Subcostal plane

Umbilical regionRight flank (lumbar region)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

T12 L1 L2 L3

L5 10

Rightlateral rectus planelinea semilunaris

Leftlateral rectus planelinea semilunaris

See also Plate 193

bodyWall Plate245 

Xiphoid process

Rectus sheath

Linea alba

Subcutaneous tissue(superficial fascia)

of abdomen

Thoraco-epigastricvein

Camper’s (fatty) layer,Scarpa’s (membranous)layer of subcutaneoustissue of abdomen(turned back)

Attachment ofScarpa’s layer tofascia lata

Superficialcircumflexiliac vessels

Superficialepigastric vessels

Superficial externalpudendal vessels

Fundiform ligament

Superficial fascia ofpenis and scrotum(dartos fascia) (cut)

Deep (Buck’s)fascia of penis with deep dorsal vein of penis showing through

Inguinal ligament

(Poupart’s)

See also Plates 252 , 329

Externaloblique muscle(cut away)Tendinous intersectionInternal obliquemuscle Pyramidalis muscleInguinal falx(conjoint tendon)External obliqueaponeurosis (cut andturned down)

Lacunar ligament(Gimbernat’s)Pubic tubercleSuspensory ligament

of penisCremaster musclesand cremasteric fasciaDeep (Buck’s)fascia of penisExternal spermaticfascia (cut)6

of penis andscrotum (cut)

7 8 9 10

Pectineal ligament(Cooper’s)Reflected inguinalligament

Inguinal ligament

(Poupart’s)

See also Plates 185 , 186

bodyWall Plate247 

Cremaster muscle and fascia

External spermatic fascia (cut)

Anterior layer ofrectus sheath (cut)Linea albaAnterior layer ofrectus sheathTransversus abdominismuscle (cut)

Transversalis fascia(opened on left)Extraperitonealfascia (areolar tissue)

Medial umbilicalligament (occluded part

of umbilical artery)

Inferior epigastricartery and vein (cut)Site of deep inguinalring (origin of internalspermatic fascia)Cremasteric and pubicbranches of inferiorepigastric arteryFemoral sheath(contains femoralartery and vein)

Fat in retropubic space(of Retzius)

Pectineal fascia

Internal spermatic fascia

Deep (Buck’s)fascia of penis

Superficial fascia

of penis andscrotum (cut)

Cremaster muscle and fascia (cut)External spermatic fascia (cut)

4 5

6

7

8 9 10

Inguinal ligament(Poupart’s)

Pectineal ligament(Cooper’s)

Lacunar ligament(Gimbernat’s)

oblique muscleTransversus

abdominis muscle

PeritoneumExtraperitoneal fascia Transversalis fascia

Posterior layer

of rectus sheath

Falciformligament

Subcutaneoustissue (fatty layer)

Section below arcuate lineAponeurosis of

external oblique muscle

oblique muscleTransversus

abdominis muscle

PeritoneumExtraperitoneal fascia

Transversalis fascia

Median umbilicalligament (obliteratedurachus) in medianumbilical fold

Medial umbilicalligament and fold

Subcutaneoustissue (fatty andmembranous layers)

Aponeurosis of internal oblique muscle splits to form anterior and posterior layers of rectus sheath

Aponeurosis of external oblique muscle joins anterior layer of sheath; aponeurosis of transversus abdominis

muscle joins posterior layer Anterior and posterior layers of rectus sheath unite medially to form linea alba

Aponeurosis of internal oblique muscle does not split at this level but passes completely anterior to

rectus abdominis muscle and is fused there with both aponeurosis of external oblique muscle and that of

transversus abdominis muscle Thus, posterior wall of rectus sheath is absent below arcuate line, leaving

only transversalis fascia

bodyWall Plate249 

Lacunar ligament (Gimbernat’s)

Pectineal ligament (Cooper’s)

Inguinal falx (conjoint tendon)

Umbilical artery

(occluded part distal to this point)

Obturator nerve and vessels

Bulbo-urethral (Cowper’s) gland embedded

in deep transverse perineal muscle

Obturator internus muscleTransverse vesical foldSupravesical fossa

External iliac vesselsIliopsoas muscleFemoral nerve

Lateral umbilical fold(contains inferiorepigastric vessels)

Umbilical prevesical fascia

Roundligament(ligamentumteres) of liverand

para-umbilicalveinsUmbilicusPeritoneumTransversalisfasciaExternal andInternalobliquemusclesTransversusabdominismuscleLeft medialumbilicalligament(obliteratedleft umbilicalartery)Right medialumbilical foldMedianumbilicalligament(obliteratedurachus) andpara-umbilicalveins in medianumbilical fold

Levator ani muscleTesticular vessels

See also Plates 362 , 381

Medial cutaneous branch of dorsal ramus of T7 spinal nerve

Trapezius muscleLatissimus dorsi muscleExternal oblique muscleThoracolumbar fascia (posterior layer)Lateral cutaneous branch of

subcostal nerve (anterior ramus of T12)

Lumbar triangle (of Petit)

Iliac crestLateral cutaneous branch of iliohypogastric nerve (L1)

Gluteal aponeurosis over gluteus medius muscle

Superior clunial nerves (lateral cutaneous

branches of posterior rami of L1–L3 spinal nerves)

Gluteus maximus muscle

Latissimus dorsi muscleLatissimus dorsi muscle (cut and turned back)Serratus posterior inferior muscle

Digitations of costal origin of latissimus dorsi muscleDigitations of costal origin of external oblique muscleExternal oblique muscle (cut and turned back)Tendon of origin of transversus abdominis muscleInternal oblique muscle

Lateral cutaneous branch of subcostal nerve (anterior ramus of T12)Lateral cutaneous branch of iliohypogastric nerve (L1)

Iliac crestSuperior clunial nerves (lateral cutaneous branches

of posterior rami of L1–L3 spinal nerves)Gluteus maximus muscle

9 10 11 12

bodyWall Plate251 

Lateral thoracic artery

Anastomoses with lower

Cremasteric and testicular

arteries and artery to ductus

deferens in spermatic cord

Subclavian artery

Internal thoracic arteries

phrenicartery withphrenic nerve

Pericardiaco-Branch to falciformligament of liverMusculophrenicarteries

Superior epigastricarteries

DiaphragmTransversus abdominismuscle and aponeurosisRectus abdominismuscles

Internaloblique muscleExternaloblique musclePosterior layer ofrectus sheathArcuate lineInferior epigastricartery

Superficial epigastricartery

Femoral arterySuperficial externalpudendal arteryDeep externalpudendal artery

See also Plate 247

round ligament of liver

Inferior epigastric veins

Tributaries to deep

circumflex iliac veins

Thoraco-epigastric vein (cut)

Superficial

circumflex iliac vein

Superficial epigastric vein

External pudendal vein

Saphenous opening

Femoral vein

Great saphenous vein

Pampiniform (venous) plexus

Superficial dorsal vein of penis

Cephalic vein

Axillary vein

Lateral thoracic vein

Areolar venous plexus

Perforating tributaries

to internal thoracicvein

Thoraco-epigastric vein

Tributaries ofpara-umbilical veins

Thoraco-epigastric vein

Superficial epigastric vein

Superficial circumflexiliac vein

External pudendal vein

Cribriform fascia oversaphenous openingGreat saphenous veinAnterior scrotal veins

See also Plates 245 , 248

bodyWall Plate253 

Long thoracic nerve

Latissimus dorsi muscle

Serratus anterior muscle

Lateral cutaneous branches

rectus sheath (cut)

Rectus abdominis muscleTransversus abdominismuscle

Internal oblique muscle

and aponeurosis (cut)

Anterior and lateralcutaneous branches

of subcostal nerve (T12)Anterior branch ofiliohypogastric nerve (L1)Ilio-inguinal nerve (L1)External oblique

aponeurosis (cut)

Anterior cutaneous branch

of iliohypogastric nerve (L1)Ilio-inguinal nerve (L1)Cremasteric muscle

of spermatic cordExternal spermatic fascia

of spermatic cord

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8

9

10 11

See also Plates 177 , 185 , 254

(dorsal root) ganglion

Posterior (dorsal) root

Anterior (ventral)

root

Erector spinae muscleMedial branch,Lateral branch ofPosterior (dorsal) ramus

Anterior (ventral) ramus of spinal nerve (intercostal nerve)Collateral branch

External intercostal muscleInternal intercostal muscleInnermost intercostal muscle

Latissimus dorsimuscle

Subcostalmuscles

Serratusanteriormuscle

Lateralcutaneousbranch

InnermostintercostalmuscleInternalintercostalmuscleExternal intercostalmuscle

External intercostalmembraneExternaloblique muscleAnterior cutaneousbranch

Greater and lesser

splanchnic nerves

Sympathetic trunk

Gray and white rami communicantes

Rectus abdominis muscle

Linea alba

Window cut

in innermostintercostal muscleCommunicating

branchInternal intercostalmembranes anterior toexternal intercostalmuscles

Internalintercostalmuscle

Collateral branchrejoining intercostal nerveTransversus abdominis muscle

bodyWall Plate255 

InguinalRegion:dissections

External oblique muscle andaponeurosisAnterior superior iliac spine

Internal oblique muscle

(cut and reflected)

Transversus abdominis muscle

Deep inguinal ring

(in transversalis fascia)

Cremaster muscle

(lateral origin)

Inferior epigastric vessels

(deep to transversalis fascia)

Cremaster muscle(medial origin)Superficial inguinal ring

Lateral crusMedial crusPubic crest

Linea albaRectus sheath(anterior layer)Transversalisfascia withininguinal triangle(site of directinguinal hernia)Inguinal falx(conjointtendon)ReflectedinguinalligamentIntercruralfibersExternalspermatic fascia

on spermaticcord exitingSuperficialinguinal ringFundiformligament of penisAnterior view

Posterior (internal) view

Rectus sheath (posterior layer)Arcuate line

Medial umbilical ligamentAnterior superior iliac spineTransversalis fascia (cut away)Rectus abdominis muscleIliopubic tract

Inferior epigastric vesselsInguinal (Hesselbach’s) triangle (dashed line)Femoral nerve

Genital branch of genitofemoral nerveand testicular vessels

Iliacus muscleExternal iliac vessels Femoral ring (dilated) (broken line)Psoas (major) muscle

Lacunar ligament (Gimbernat’s)

Accessory obturator vesselsDuctus (vas) deferens

Pubic branches of inferior epigastric vesselsPubic symphysis

Inguinal ligament (Poupart’s)

Obturator vessels

Lacunar ligament (Gimbernat’s)

Pectineal ligament (Cooper’s)

Hesselbach’s triangle by Carlos Machado after Frank Netter

Deep inguinal ring

See also Plates 247 , 249

Inferior epigastric vesselsMedial umbilical ligament

(occluded part of umbilical artery)

Umbilical prevesical fascia

Urinary bladderRectus abdominis muscle

Femoralvessels

Spermaticcord

Ilio-inguinal nerve

Origin of internalspermatic fascia from transversalisfascia at deep inguinal ring

Anteriorsuperioriliac spine

Peritoneum

Extraperitonealfascia (looseconnective tissue)

External oblique muscleInternal oblique muscleTransversus abdominis muscleTransversalis fascia

Inguinal ligament (Poupart’s)

See also Plates 245 , 253

bodyWall Plate257 

FemoralSheathandInguinalCanal

Transversalis fascia (cut edge)

Extraperitoneal fasciaParietal peritoneumMedian umbilical ligament (urachus)Medial umbilical ligament (occluded part

of umbilical artery)Inferior epigastric vessels

Falciform margin of saphenous opening

(cut and reflected)

Deep circumflex iliac vesselsTesticular vessels

Cremasteric arteryDuctus (vas) deferensExternal iliac vesselsAccessory obturator vessels

External oblique aponeurosis (cut)

Internal spermatic fascia on spermatic cordFemoral nerve (deep to iliopsoas fascia)Femoral vessels in femoral sheath

Transversalisfascia formsanterior wall offemoral sheath(posterior wallformed by iliopsoas fascia)

Urinary

bladder

UreterGenitofemoral nerve

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Iliac fasciaGenital branch of genitofemoral nerveFemoral branch of genitofemoral nerve

Testicular vesselsExternal iliac vesselsInferior epigastric vesselsDuctus (vas) deferens and cremasteric artery

Femoral ringTransversalis fascia formsanterior wall of femoral sheath

Lymph node (Cloquet’s) in femoral canal

Femoral sheath (cut open)

Medial arcuate ligament

Vertebrocostal(lumbocostal) trigone

Lateral arcuate ligamentSympathetic trunk

Quadratus lumborummuscle

Psoas minor musclePsoas major muscleTransversus abdominismuscle

Internal oblique muscleExternal oblique muscleIliacus muscle

Psoas minor tendon

Anterior superior iliac spinePiriformis muscle

Coccygeus (ischiococcygeus)muscle

Ischial spine

Obturator internus muscleRectococcygeus muscleTendinous arch oflevator ani muscleOpening for femoral vessels

Levator ani muscleLesser trochanter of femur

Pubic symphysisPerineal

membraneUrethraRectumPubic tubercle

L5

Pectineal ligament (Cooper’s)Lacunar ligament (Gimbernat’s)Inguinal ligament (Poupart’s)

See also Plates 206 , 236

bodyWall Plate259 

Superior suprarenal arteries

Middle suprarenal artery

Superficial epigastric artery (cut)

Deep external pudendal arterySuperficial external pudendal artery

Ductus deferens and testicular artery (cut)

Femoral artery

Transversalisfascia (cut)

Anterior abdominal wall ( turned down)

Medial umbilical ligament(occluded part of umbilicalartery)

Inferior epigastricartery

Inferior glutealartery

Internal pudendalartery

Middle rectalartery

Inferior vesicalartery and artery toductus deferensObturator artery

Umbilical (patentpart) artery givingrise to superiorvesical arteries

Superior glutealartery

Internal iliacartery

Median sacralartery

Superior rectalarterySigmoid arteriesLeft colic arteryAbdominal aorta

Left renal arteryTesticular (ovarian)arteries

Inferior mesentericartery

Inferior suprarenalartery

Superior mesentericartery

Middle suprarenal artery

Superior suprarenal arteriesRecurrent branch

to esophagus

See also Plates 192 , 379 , 381

Superficial epigastric vein (cut)

Pubic (obturator anastomotic) vein

Femoral veinGreat saphenous veinExternal pudendal vein Anterior abdominalwall (turned down)

Vesical venous plexus

Uterovaginal venousplexus

Rectal venousplexus

Inferior epigastricvein

Round ligament

of uterus

Deep circumflexiliac veinObturator vein

Superior vesicalvein

Uterine vein

Middle rectalvein

External iliacvein

Internalpudendal vein

Inferior glutealvein

Superior glutealvein

Internal iliacvein

Common iliacvein

Ascendinglumbar veins

Ovarian (testicular)veins

Left renal vein

Left suprarenal veins andanastomosis with inferiorphrenic vein

EsophagusHepatic veins

See also Plates 379 , 381

bodyWall Plate261 

Left lumbar trunk

Common iliac nodes

Middle sacral nodes

Lateral sacral nodes

groups)

External iliac nodesInternal iliac nodesCommon iliac nodes

Lumbar nodes(lateral aortic nodes)

Visceral(pre-aortic)lymphnodes

CeliacnodesSuperiormesentericnodesInferiormesentericnodeInferior phrenic nodesThoracic duct

See also Plates 235 , 384

of genitofemoral nerve (L1, 2)

Obturator nerve (L2, 3, 4)Pudendal nerve (S2, 3, 4)

Lumbosacral plexus (L4–S4)Femoral nerve

Accessory obturatornerve (L3, 4) (occasional)Obturator nerves

Lumbosacraltrunks (L4, 5)

Femoral branch,Genital branch

of genitofemoralnerve (L1, 2)

Lateral femoralcutaneousnerve (L2, 3)

Genitofemoralnerve (L1, 2)

Ilio-inguinalnerve (L1)

Iliohypogastricnerve (L1)

Psoas majormuscle (cut) Quadratuslumborummuscle

Subcostal nerve (T12)

Muscular branchesfrom lumbar plexusIlio-inguinal nerve (L1)

Iliohypogastric nerve (L1)

See also Plates 192 , 388

PeritonealCavity Plate263 

GreateromentumandAbdominalViscera

PeritonealCavity

Falciform ligament

Left lobe of liver

Right lobe of liver

Stomach

Gallbladder

Greater omentum overlyingtransverse colon and small intestine (jejunum and ileum)

Greater omentum (turned up)

Transverse colon (turned up)

Transverse mesocolon

Left colic (splenic) flexure

Right colic (hepatic) flexure

Small intestine (jejunum and ileum)

Superior mesenteric artery

in root of mesenteryInferior mesenteric artery and veinAbdominal aorta

EsophagusRight crus of diaphragm(part passing to right

of esophageal hiatus)Right crus of diaphragm(part passing to left

of esophageal hiatus)Left crus of diaphragmCeliac trunk

Suspensory muscle ofduodenum (ligament ofTreitz)

Superior mesenteric arteryDuodenojejunal flexureAscending (4th) part

of duodenumJejunumInferior (horizontal, or 3rd) part of duodenumDescending (2nd) part

of duodenum

Exposure of suspensory muscle of duodenum (ligament of Treitz)

See also Plate 281

PeritonealCavity Plate265 

Transverse mesocolon(elevated over pancreas)

UreterCommon iliac vessels

Parietalperitoneum

Inferior vena cava (retroperitoneal)

Common hepatic artery(in peritoneal fold)Hepatoduodenal ligament

(right margin of lesser omentum)

Left gastric artery (in gastropancreatic fold)

Left inferior phrenic artery(retroperitoneal)

Gastrophrenic ligamentLeft suprarenal gland(retroperitoneal)

splenic(gastro-lienal)ligamentSpleen

Gastro-Right colic

(hepatic) flexure

Kidney (retroperitoneal)

Descending (2nd) part of duodenum

Right gastro-omental (gastro-epiploic)

artery (covered by peritoneum)

Anterior superior duodenal artery (retroperitoneal)Head of pancreas (retroperitoneal)

pancreatico-Transverse mesocolonBody of pancreas (retroperitoneal)

Posterior layersAnterior layers (cut) of gastrocolic ligament

Tail of pancreas (intraperitoneal)Splenorenal (lienorenal) ligamentPhrenicocolic ligamentLeft colic (splenic) flexureStomach (posterior surface)

See also Plates 281 , 284

PeritonealCavity Plate267 

omentalbursa:CrossSection

Vertebral body of L1Inferior vena cavaDiaphragmRight kidney

PancreasOmental bursa (lesser sac)Lesser omentum (hepatoduodenaland hepatogastric ligaments)

Gastrosplenic(gastrolienal)ligament

(Common) bile duct

Hepatic portal vein Hepatic artery proper

See also Plate 269

Right suprarenal gland

Falciform ligamentSuperior recess of omental bursa (lesser sac)Attachment of lesser omentum andleft gastric artery

Esophagus

Left triangularligament

of liverGastrophrenicligament andleft inferiorphrenic arteryShort gastricvesselsSplenorenal(lienorenal)ligament andsplenic vesselsPhrenicocolicligamentPancreas andsplenic artery(retroperitoneal)Attachment oftransversemesocolonSuperiormesentericvesselsSite ofdescendingcolonAttachment ofsigmoidmesocolonand sigmoidvesselsSuperiorrectal vesselsSacrogenitalfold (ligament)Lateralumbilical fold(containsinferior epi-gastric vessels)Medialumbilical fold(containsoccluded part

of umbilicalartery)

Rectum

Urinarybladder

See also Plate 271

Viscera(Gut) Plate269 

Left lobe of liver Hepatoduodenal ligament

Hepatogastric ligament Lesser omentumAbdominal part

of esophagus Cardiac notch (incisure)

Fundus of stomach

DiaphragmSpleen

Cardiacpart ofstomach

Body

of stomachAngular notch

(incisure)Pyloriccanal

Lesser

Pyloricantrum

Greater omentum Left colic (splenic) flexure

of gastric canal(magenstrasse)PyloricsphincterPylorus

Pyloric zone

Gastric andfundic zones

Cardiaczone

Zigzag (Z) line(junction of gastricand esophageal mucosa)

Outer longitudinal musclelayer (cut away)

Middle circularmuscle layerInnermostoblique musclelayer

Windows cut in middlecircular muscle layer

Viscera(Gut) Plate271 

duodenuminSitu

Suprarenal glandKidneyTransverse mesocolonand its cut edgesTransverse colon (cut)

Left colic(splenic)flexure

Head of pancreasSuperior mesenteric vesselsCeliac trunk

or 3rd) partAscending (4th) partRoot of mesentery (cut edges)

Duodenum

Descending colonInferior duodenal fold and fossaDuodenojejunal flexure and jejunum (cut)Inferior mesenteric artery

Abdominal aortaInferior vena cava

See also Plate 268

(Common) bile ductAccessory pancreaticduct (of Santorini)(Main) pancreaticduct (of Wirsung)

Duodenojejunal flexureJejunum

Ascending (4th) partSuperior mesenteric artery and vein

Hepatic portal vein(Common) bile ductRight free margin of lesser

omentum (hepatoduodenal ligament)

Inferior (horizontal, or 3rd) part

Inferior duodenal flexure

Jejunum

MesenteryAnastomotic loop (arcade) of jejunal arteries

Straight arteriesSerosa (visceral peritoneum)Longitudinal muscle layerCircular muscle layer

Submucosa

Mucosa

Circular folds (valves of Kerckring)

Solitary lymphoid nodule

Ileum

MesenteryAnastomotic loops(arcades) of ileal arteries

Straight arteriesSerosa (visceral peritoneum)

Longitudinal muscle layer

Circular muscle layer

SubmucosaMucosaCircular folds (valves of Kerckring)

Solitary lymphoid nodulesAggregate lymphoid nodules (Peyer’s patches)

See also Plate 270

Viscera(Gut) Plate273 

IleocecalRegion

Ileocolic arteryColic branchIleal branchSuperior mesenteric arteryPosterior cecal arteryAppendicular arteryAnterior cecal arteryVascular fold of cecumSuperior ileocecal recessIleocecal fold (bloodless fold of Treves)Terminal part of ileum

Inferior ileocecal recessMeso-appendixAppendicular artery

Free taenia

External iliac vessels (retroperitoneal)Retrocecal recess

Cecal foldsRight paracolic gutter

Appendicular artery

Mesocolic taeniaOmental taenia

Vermiform appendix

See also Plates 287 , 288

Terminal part of ileum

Orifice of vermiform appendix

Fibers to papilla

Longitudinalmuscle of ileumCircular muscle of ileum

Ileal papilla: papillaryform of ileal orifice(found most commonly

in vivo)

Schema of muscle fibers at ileal orifice

Viscera(Gut) Plate275 

Variations in position of appendix

Coronal CT with contrast

Fixed retrocecalappendix

AppendixCecum

Meso-appendixSerosa (visceral peritoneum)Continuous longitudinal muscleCircular muscle

SubmucosaAggregate lymphoidnodules

Crypts of Lieberkühn

External anal sphincter muscle

Rectosigmoid junction(taeniae spread out andunite to form longitudinalmuscle layer)

Mesocolictaenia(exposed

by hook)Free taenia

Descendingcolon

Peritoneum(cut away)

Haustra

Left colic(splenic)flexure

Greater omentum (cut away)Transverse mesocolonTransverse colonOmental taenia

Omental

(epiploic)

appendices

Viscera(Accessoryorgans) Plate277 

Falciform ligament

Round ligament (ligamentum teres) of liver(obliterated left umbilical vein) forming freeborder of falciform ligament

Anterior view

CoronaryligamentHepatic veins

Inferior vena cava

Bare areaSuprarenal impression

Hepatorenal portion of

coronary ligament

Right triangular ligament

(Common) bile duct

Common hepatic duct

Left triangularligamentGastric impression

Esophagealimpression

Fissure forligamentum venosumCaudate lobe

Caudate processHepatic artery properHepatic portal veinFissure for ligamentum teresPorta hepatis

Visceral surface

Coronary ligamentBare areaInferior vena cavaSuprarenal glandRight kidneyRight triangularligamentSuperior recess

of omental bursaDuodenum