Research objectives: One of its basic objectives is to verify the objectiveness and enormous benefits of the cooperation between Tourism and LCA. Accordingly, it will be defined the vision and solutions to promote the stable development and maintain this cooperation, then it will support for their mutual development in providing the better service’s quality as well as creating a strong and fair competition in the condition of international integration and contribute to social development.
Trang 1THE SUMMARY OF A PhD THESIS IN ECONOMICS
Trang 2Vietnam’s National Library
General Science Library Ho Chi Minh city
Library of University of Economics Ho Chi Minh city
Trang 3Hi p h i các nệ ộ ước Đông Nam Á
ASEANTA ASEAN Tourism Association Hi p h i Du l ch Đông Nam Áệ ộ ị
ATAG Air Transport Action Group Nhóm hành đ ng v n t i hàng khôngộ ậ ả
BRIC Brazil, Russia, India, China Nhóm các qu c gia m i n iố ớ ổ
CEO Chief Eecutive Officer Giám đ c đi u hànhố ề
Trang 4GTVT Giao thông v n t iậ ả
HTA Ho Chi Minh Tourism Association Hi p h i du l ch thành ph H Chíệ ộ ị ố ồ
MinhIATA Internation Aviation Transport Association Hi p h i v n t i hàng không qu c tệ ộ ậ ả ố ế
ICAO Internation Civil Aviation Organization T ch c hàng không dân d ng qu c tổ ứ ụ ố ế
IPO Initial Public Offering Phát hành c phi u ra công chúng l nổ ế ầ
đ uầJAA Joint Aviation Authorities C quan qu n lý hàng không dân s c aơ ả ự ủ
m t s qu c gia châu Âuộ ố ốJPA Jestar Pacific Airlines Công ty hàng không c ph n Jestarổ ầ
Pacific airlinesLCA Low Cost Airlines Hãng hàng không giá r (chi phí th p)ẻ ấ
LCAS Low Cost Airlines Service D ch v hàng không giá rị ụ ẻ
MICE Meeting Incentive Conference Event Du l ch k t h p h i nghị ế ợ ộ ị
PATA Pacific Asia Travel Association Hi p h i Du l ch Châu Á Thái Bìnhệ ộ ị
Dương SCIC State Capital Invesment Corporation T ng công ty đ u t và kinh doanh v nổ ầ ư ố
nhà nước Vi t Namệ
TNC Transnational Corporation Công ty xuyên qu c giaố
Trang 5UNWTO United National World Tourist
Cultural Organization
Tổ ch cứ Giáo d c, Khoaụ h cọ và Văn hóa c aủ Liên Hi pệ Qu cố
VISTA Vietnam Society of Travel Agents Hi p h i L hành Vi t Namệ ộ ữ ệ
VNA Vietnam Airlines Hãng hàng không qu c gia Vi t Namố ệ
Airlines
WTO World Trade Organization T ch c thổ ứ ương m i th gi iạ ế ớ
WTTC World Travel & Tourism Council H i đ ng du l ch và l hành th gi iộ ồ ị ữ ế ớ
INTRODUCTION
1. The immediacy of the topic:
The technological and scientific revolution and globalization is the most active social, technical and economic process nowadays, which strongly impact on the development and changes of production forces and production relation in some countries around the world They appeals all branches of economics in different countries into the development, including aviation and tourism. Accordingly, they creates distinctive forms such as Low Cost Airline LCA and the association between Tourism andLCA promoting the integration of national economies more rapidly into the system of large international division of labor, forming and developing the economic links such as ASEAN, EU,
However, along with development of production force is the improvement of production relations
of which socialization and capital internationalization make capital ownership be far separated from the
Trang 6In that global context, our country’s economy is in the period of transition to socialistoriented market economy and industrialization and modernization associated with knowledgeeconomy development through open economy strategy; therefore, it is not avoidable the negative and positive influences of the process. To make the economy escape the slow growth rate, the increasing inflation rate like now, each measure for all economic branches starts from increasing labor productivity, reducing the production cost, finding out the competitive advantages but linking the closelyrelated economic branches
is preferred to intensify the benefits and lessen the risks Tourism is the service economy which is general, interdisciplinary, interregional and highly socialized.This is managerial organization form and its products created by the link of many branches, regions and different socioeconomic subjects, including the association between airlines and enterprises which trade in travel service is the important part. Especially, in the context of international and regional tourism integration which are happening powerfully nowadays, the association between aviation and tourism is the decisive factor to the success of travel products because the cost of moving the point of departure to the destinations accounts for 40% to 60% of the tour cost. Before that trend, there quickly appears the type of Low Cost Airline – LCA to meet the demand of travelling, communicating of dwellers in different countries, especially meeting the needs of discounting international tours in order to promote the development of the economics of tourism
Recognizing the trend of internationalizing the tourism industry, Vietnam has proactively been accelerating the international and regional tourism integration. In the Resolution of the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam in 2011, people affirmed: Developing the service industry, particularly finance, banking, commerce, travel service and services with high value… Building some large national tourism center which effectivelyassociated with the large tourism center of other countries
in the region. [page 198199]
Responding to the appropriate of the Party, the aviation has improved and developed strongly which the private LCA enterprises is quickly established. Before the strong competition of the domestic and regional LCA enterprises engaged in our aviation service market, Vietnam National Airline (VNA) and Pacific Airlines also transfer one department to LCA Service. Pacific Airlines has transferred to the form of LCA, therefore, it has decreased the international and domestic tour.
In the context of fierce competition like now, because of the limited financial and human resources and the inexperienced management, some private LCA enterprises force to accept going bankrupt or stop flying to refresh the human resources, structuring the flight crew and reorganize the managerial organization machine. However, the existence and development of LCA is the objective
Trang 7economy .The objectiveness comes from the development need of the social productivity increasing rapidly in most countries around the world which make the income and educational level of dwellers increase continuously. It has led tourism to become indispensable part of growing people with average income or better, including developing countries like Vietnam.
Welcoming the development trend of the world’s tourism, the association among industries in forming travel products is highly promoted, especially the link between tourism and aviation is considered as the stable and longterm extension strategy of two branches in the Vietnam’s economy. On April 10th, 2013 “The cooperation plan betweenVietnam National Administration of Tourism and Civil Aviation Authority of Vietnam for the period 20132015” is signed by the head of two organizations with the purposes of concretizing the cooperating program No.4050/CTBVHTTDL – Ministry of Transport on November 13th, 2012 to enhance the effective responsibility of the cooperation , quality and competitiveness of two industries which promote Vietnam’s tourism industry to develop as an attracting destination of the Asia and in the world.
With that meaning, the author choose the topic as ‘’ THE LINK BETWEEN TOURISM AND LOW COST AIRLINE IN THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION IN VIET NAM” for his
PhD thesis in political economics
2. The researching process associated with the thesis’s topic
2.1. The foreign works of Tourism – LCA association
Until now, the author of the thesis has found little monograph researching respectively for the link LCA Tourism abroad, especially studying the topic in Vietnam However, in some works for researching tourism and airline or Low cost Airline, when analyzing some objective factors or development solutions of airlines, the association between airline and tourism are highly concerned and consider it as the basic solution to develop the industry. Although some works research for the tourism, analyzing the link between Tourism – LCA is still preferred, including Low Cost Airline with Tours as follow:
Trang 8 The book “Value Creation in Travel Distribution” (2010) of Michael Straus
The book “Aviation and TourismImplications for leisure travel” (2008) of Anne Graham,
University of Westminster (England), Andreas Papatheodorou at the University of The Aegean, Greece and Peter Forsyth at the University of Monash (Australia)
The book “Travel Economics and Traveling ” (2000) of Dong Minh Ngoc and Vuong Loi Dinh
(China)
2.1.2. The contents of Tourism – LCA association has been analyzed and mentioned by the foreign authors
Firstly, in three works researched and overviewed above, the foreign authors analyzed: 1) The
dominant potentials and the shortcomings of Tourism – LCA association, especially analyzing the advantages when appearing LCA enterprise which provide LCAS to discount tours, create the favorable condition for developing “smokeless industry” and make up the high rate of Gross National Product (GNP) at different countries and economic areas; 2) Presenting the general method to ensure the airline can provide LCAS; 3) Initial analyzes of the role of the state, through its economic policies which promote the link and development of the two sectors and 4) By the real evidence of development and links between airlinetourism industry in different regions of the world and the activities of some specific LCA enterprises to assert the superiority of the link between the two branches
Secondly, there exists some specific theories which have not been analyze by the author and will be
implemented in the thesis such as: 1) The concept, nature, characteristic of links Tourism LCA; 2) the forms of linking and optimum link model; 3) The economic objectiveness of Tourism – LCA association; 4) The real link between Tourism LCA in the Vietnam’s market; 5) The success and failure of Tourism LCA and 6) The possible solution to promote the link
2.2. The domestic research on the Tourism – Low Cost Airlines link in the international economic integration
In fact, until now, for this LCA business type which has just been born and its low cost airlines services have just shown to the market not so long, about 5, 6 years, so there’re no indepth and adequate research of the LCAS link with our county tourism. However, in the study of tourism or LCA could still find the basis ideas of the objectivity or the Tourism– LCA link solution, shown in the scientific subjects and scientific doctoral thesis, professional research articles and website pages
Trang 9level of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism
From 2006 to present, in the ministry level projects, research on various aspects of tourism development, when mentioning of measures to promote tourism development then the link between tourism aviation always respected and regarded as one of the decisive measures for the development of tourism and aviation, including LCA
Ministry level project (2006): “The research for the proposal of measures for tourism investment development” headed by Master Le Van Minh and hosted by Institute for Research and Development of
Tourism
Ministry level project (2007): “Research on the construction of Vietnam’s tourism competitive products in the region and internationally” headed by Dr. Do Cam Tho, hosted by Institute for Research
and Development of Tourism,
Ministry level project (2011): “The status and development solutions for national ocean tourism areas in the North Central region” headed by Dr. Nguyen Thu Hanh, hosted by Institute for Research and
Development of Tourism
2.2.2. Some contents on the research of Tourism – LCA link in the dissertation research
on tourism from the doctoral thesis of Tourism – LCA link in economic integration
In the doctoral thesis, research on the different aspects of tourism development from 2007 up to now, the author of thesis spending proportional duration to analyze the advantages of tourism – aviation link in term of tourism development, considering the operation of businesses in the transport sector, especially that the aviation has great influence on cost, price, competitiveness, profitability and growth of various types of tourism business. It is clearly shown in the following thesis:
University, Hanoi.
Doctoral thesis, topic “Development of tourist travel services in conditions of international economic integration: Experiences of some East Asian countries and the policy suggestion for Vietnam”
(2012) by Nguyen Trung Khanh, defended at the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences – Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences
Trang 10* Some content in the research on the tourism – LCA association in the thesises which examined the aviation service’s development
Doctoral thesis of economics, topic: “Accumulation and profit capabilities in the Civil Aviation
of Vietnam” (1996) by Dao Manh Nhuong, which was upheld at the Ho Chi Minh Academy of National
Politics
Doctoral thesis in economics, topic “Establish the lowcost airline in Vietnam by the year of 2020” (2005) by Duong Cao Thai Nguyen at the University of Economics in Ho Chi Minh City.
2.3. Summary result from the projects which are reviewed and the issues that the thesis will continue to study
2.3.1. Basis results from the projects which are reviewed.
Through the domestic and international projects which re reviewed, the following issues have been mentioned, the thesis will inherit and develop further, completion in terms of matching with content and requirements of the thesis:
First, some of the domestic and international projects have mentioned about the low cost aviation
service (LCAS) concept, tourism service and the basis features of these both services. Also to mention about the low cost airline (LCA) and tourism business with different business models such as: travel tour operator, accommodation operator, transportation operator serving tourism, etc. and the features of these type of business models. However, in order to bring the above concepts into the thesis, need to resummarize and to add new features in accordance with the content and requirements of the thesis
Second, some methods have been mentioned in some projects that the LCA companies to
implement to reduce costs and supporting in the air and on the ground, selection of flying path, flying network and suitable flying crews, etc… These contents are inherited by the thesis and to expand further, binding the operation features and cost reduction method of the aviation for more consistent and similar
Third, some projects have mentioned such as operation management mechanism and role of
government’s policies in the development of TourismLCA link. Some projects or short articles on the website but just endup at practical describing without scientific argumentation theory of the regulatory role of the government to accelerate of this linking process, the thesis will inherit and develop further
Fourth, many practical materials and the operation situation of LCA companies and tourism
businesses are inherited by the thesis’s author and reconstructed under the criteria to meet the subject
Fifth, most of the projects are reviewed and mention about the opinions, orientation, and
the solution system to promote LCA or tourism to growth. In here, the thesis only inherits the linking solutions between Tourism Aviation or Tourism – LCA to develop and improve further
2.3.2. Issues will be expanded in the thesis.
Until now, thesis’s author has not yet found any monograph written about the development link
Trang 11First, objectively economics demonstration of the Tourism – LCA link required by the intrinsic
requirements of regulations of the both sectors, in which, the tourism products as the products launched
on the basis of multisector link, and the link with the aviation plays an extreme important role, especially for the international tours
Second, analysis of international economics integration, especially the tourism integration, sky
liberalization requires LCA and travel tour operators must work together to confront with the LAC companies in the region and to ensure the success of the integration process, and balanced development of the both sectors in the conditions of economic globalization and booming of the scientific and technical revolution
Third, construction of model and optimal linking mechanism between Tourism and using this
theory to track the existing conditions of the progress of Tourism LCA link on the service market – integration of Vietnam. From that point out the necessary conditions and factors affecting the progress of this link
Fourth, clearly define the role of Tourism – LCA link in the development of both sectors and for
the operation of the whole economy. Especially, to launch the common product of the link to create the optimal low cost tourism product
Fifth, point out the basis ideas and system of feasibility solutions to push up the linking progress
between Tourism – LCA and to ensure the sustainable development in the socialistoriented market economy in Vietnam
3. The thesis’s objectives and missons
One of its basic objectives is to verify the objectiveness and enormous benefits of the cooperation between Tourism and LCA. Accordingly, it will be defined the vision and solutions to promote the stable development and maintain this cooperation, then it will support for their mutual development in providing the better service’s quality as well as creating a strong and fair competition in the condition of
international integration and contribute to social development
In order to completed these objectives, some specific objectives are specified as below:
+ Systematize basic issues and conditions of LCA tourism, as well as the optimum cooperation models between Tourism and LCA on the base of applying experience in other countries
+ Analyse and evaluate the situation of the link between tourism and LCA in Vietnam in recent years, then, point out its achievements, weaknesses as well as solutions to improve these weaknesses and limitations.