Objectives of the research: To clarify the scientific basis (both theoretical and practical basis) of proposed solutions to develop city logistics system within Hanoi in relation to the promotion of a stable and long-term economic development.
Trang 2HA NOI, 2015
Trang 3Address: 46 Ngo Quyen Street Hanoi Time: hour date month year 2015
Trang 41. The Ha Noi National Library
2. The Library of Viet Nam Institute for Trade
Trang 51. The necessity of the research
Vietnam is entering a critical phase of urbanization process that is correlative to the current economic development, Vietnamese government has been placing a considerable emphasis on the upgradation of urban systems in major cities across the country, especially Hanoi which is representative of the country with many honorable traditional values. Pace of urbanization of Hanoi is much faster than other cities all over the country and it has even reached the equivalent rate of urbanization in many cities of Asian developed countries. This urbanization process has brought about many progressive outcomes such as: high rate of economic growth, solutions for unemployment dilemma, better income and improved living standard of urban residents… Besides, Hanoi has been badly affected by the consequences of this urbanization such as the disparities in culture and economic prosperity between classes of people; continuously broken down transportation infrastructure, disrupted living environment; traffic jam, traffic accidents and serious environmental pollution… The problem set out for Hanoi nowadays is to harmonize the benefits and the negative impacts of the urbanization ensuring an ideal business environment while minimizing its adverse environmental effects and improving human wellbeing.
Moreover, Hanoi is one of important economic and trade gateways among Vietnam, China and other countries. Since 2005, the governments of Vietnam and China have jointly launched the idea of the formation and development of “Vietnam China Economic Corridor”. The development of this economic corridor will convert Yunnan and Guangxi from a sheer trade gateway between Vietnam and China into a trade gateway between China and other ASEAN countries through Vietnam
All these impacts require a modern city logistics system in Hanoi which should be inevitably established, developed and synchronized in all system elements with a view to improve the efficiency and competitive advantage as well as to enhance the image and status of Hanoi in the region and all over the world. For years, the city logistics system in Hanoi has made significant breakthroughs creating favourable conditions for the development in short, medium and long term. Firms that provide city logistics services has grown in terms of both quality and quantity. However, the development of city logistics system in Hanoi is still at the early stage of the whole development process and is not paid a due care and attention
It is necessary to have a basic and synchronous research on the city logistics system in Hanoi thereby proposing overall solutions in both macro and micro terms in order to develop
Trang 62. Objectives and Missions of the research
* Objectives of the research: To clarify the scientific basis (both theoretical and practical
basis) of proposed solutions to develop city logistics system within Hanoi in relation to the promotion of a stable and longterm economic development
Research on factors that exerts an influence on the development of the city logistics system within Hanoi
Trang 7Finally, the thesis suggests directions and proposes solutions to develop the current city
logistics system of Hanoi in an orientation towards promoting a longterm and stable economic development until 2030 with a vision to 2050
6. Structure of thesis content
Besides the Introduction, Overview and Conclusion, this thesis is structured into three chapters:Chapter I: The basics of the development of the city logistics system
Among them can be mentioned “City Logistics”, “Logistics Systems for Sustainable Cities” and
“City Logistics: Mapping the Future”… of Taniguchi E, Thompson RG and Yamada T or
“Sustainable Urban Logistics: Concepts, Methods and Information Systems” of Jesus Gonzalez
Feliu, Frederic Semet ́ ́ and Jean Louis Routhier… All of these are indepth studies of the city logistics and city logistics system. In these researches, in addition to presenting theoretical issues (concept, characteristics, benefits and roles of city logistics…), highlighting the recent development and improvement of the city logistics which is considered to be a completely new
Trang 8CONTENT AND RESEARCH RESULT SECTION
CHAPTER 1: BASIC THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE
DEVELOPMENT OF CITY LOGISTICS SYSTEM
1.1. SOME BASIC THEORETICAL ISSUES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CITY LOGISTICS SYSTEM
1.1.1. Inevitability of city logistics
The past recent years have seen a significant development of major urban centers of Vietnam in terms of size, quality and quantity. The urban system has created a new image for Vietnam, specifically the modern and civilized living space facilitating the citizens to improve their living standard. Residents and resources have a tendency to move to urban areas with a view to find jobs and search for a better life. This is placing a great burden on the transportation of the city due to the absence of adequate and appropriate logistics development policies. However, it is a fact that freight transport plays a critical role in the structure of the modern society and it is indispensable for maintaining the human modern life. And the role of goods transport becomes much more significant in big cities because of high demand of goods consumption there. However, today, transportation in urban areas is facing various nuisances such as congestion, increased traffic accidents, progressively polluted environment due to harmful emissions from means of transport Besides, transport system is also an important component of the city logistics system because the city logistics system quality is a key factor affecting the growth rate of the economy, creating favourable conditions for goods circulation, lowering product costs, limiting traffic congestion and minimizing detrimental environmental pollutions… It has been shown by practice that city logistics system development is imperative in the period of modern marketoriented economy
of the country, especially for big cities
1.1.2. Concept of city logistics
The birth and development of modern cities is the outcome of the evolution of the
Trang 9a modern transport system possesses a high potential for the transition into a center of distribution, processing and consumption of goods. City logistics, with the goal of building
an advanced and modern transport system is a relatively young field of research but has made a great development in recent decades is grabbing high attention of researchers, learners, policy makers and is considered as a key factor to promote the stable and longterm development of the city in terms of livelihood, society and economy. Since its inception, there are many definitions of city logistics based on different viewpoints of researchers and experts. However, up to now, there has no agreed definition of city logistics. Thus, in the viewpoint of the researcher, city logistics may be defined as “the process of optimizing the planning, implementation and monitoring of the effectiveness of the circulation of people, goods and related information in Hanoi through the application of modern information system to improve the people’s living standard and promote the longterm and stable development of the city”.
of goods distribution from, to and within the city. Accordingly, it can be easily seen that the distribution network of the city has a relatively narrow operational territory and this is a huge difference between city logistics and regional logistics or global logistics; (iii) Road transportation is an important mode of transportation and is the most suitable means to perform the functions of city logistics. In some cases, transport by inland waterways and railways is necessary, however, basically, other means of transport such as by air or by sea is not involved; (iv) City logistics is characterized by the diversity of goods carried, delivery of high frequency and often in small volume; (v) The development of city logistics is considerably affected by the planning of socioeconomic development and various regulations of municipal government. The lack of organization and centralized management, roundabout transportation and oneway transportation have caused many serious disorders to the transportation system such as congestion, traffic noise and traffic accident
Trang 10City logistics is regarded as a strategy to ensure the effective and creative freight distribution within the city which is attracting a lot of attention due to its important role in the stable and longterm development off the city as follows: (i) City logistics contributes to enhance the efficiency of the supply chain, minimize time and cost spent for logistics, improve the customers’ satisfaction and values added to the customers ; (ii) City logistics helps reduce troubles related to goods transportation at urban areas; (iii) City logistics contributes to improve the management effectiveness, costcutting in the production process and enhance the competitive advantages for the enterprises; (iv) City logistics helps to settle urban environment related issues, improve the capability of the city logistics services, thereby promote the stable and longterm development of the city; (v) City logistics accelerates the rate of circulation and distribution of goods in national logistics system, stimulate the smooth flow of information and investment driving the national economic development towards regional and global economic integration; (vi) A developed city logistics system will enlarge the opportunity of the city in attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), thereby creating more jobs for workers in the city
1.2 CONTENT OF CITY LOGISTICS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION CRITERIA
1.2.1. Concept of City Logistics System
System is a closelyorganized structure with a common goal and can be considered as
“an integrated whole” including many elements that directly or indirectly interact with each other to maintain operation and survival as well as to create the emergence of new characteristics, namely “emergence” of the system which each individual element does not have or hardly have. So city logistics should have all characteristics of a system in general. Currently, city logistics system can be approached in the following ways:
In a broad sense, city logistics system can be regarded as an integrated whole that includes many subsystems such as: legal mechanism system, infrastructure system, human resource, logistics services providers (LSP) and consumers within the city. Each of these subsystems is influenced by a large number of factors, so city logistics system is a complex system and affected by many factors
In a narrower meaning, city logistics system often refers to logistics activities ensuring the materials for production, distribution and consumption of the products as well as all their
Trang 11be a key factor ensuring the smooth operation and stable development of enterprises in Hanoi
Therefore, in the scope of this thesis, the researcher believes that: “City logistics system
is a combination of elements involved in the planning, implementation and monitoring of the effectiveness of the transports of people, goods and related information within the city which includes legal mechanism, infrastructure, human resource and logistics service providers and consumers as well as the interactive relationship between them”.
1.2.2. Content of the development of city logistics system
1.2.2.1. The sustainable development of city logistics system
The sustainable development of city logistics system is the city logistics system development which is made in the form of “green logistics system” and it means that all processes and elements of those processes are developed with a view to minimizing impacts
on the environment and energy of the freight distribution and transport
1.2.2.2 Content of the development of city logistics system
The development of city logistics system is the development of the entire system including the following components: mechanism, logistics development policies, logistics infrastructure, logistics services providers and consumers and logistics human resource in the dialectic interactions of the development heading towards the socioeconomic development
of the city Therefore, city logistics system development should be implemented both extensively and intensively
An extensive city logistics system development is the development that is implemented based on the expansion of quantity, size and capacity of the logistics market, increased market share of logistics enterprises on the total market size, the expansion of warehouses, logistics centers; strengthened connections between different areas, different firms and means of transportation; increasing number of firms using logistics service as well
as logistics human resource within city limits
Intensive city logistics system development is the synchronous and modern development of the city infrastructure based on the application of advanced information technology system to enhance operational efficiency and effectiveness, increase the number
Trang 12of logistics services with high added value to raise revenue and fully exploit the potential and advantages of Hanoi. Besides, intensive city logistics system development is also the continuous improvement of mechanism and policies of logistics development to match the socioeconomic context of the city with a view to build an equal business environment; promote training of high quality human resource…
1.2.3. Assessment indicators for the development of city logistics system
Based on the analysis of the importance, characteristics and components of city logistics system, indicators for the development of city logistics systems may include: (i) Set of indicators for economic situation; (ii) Set of indicators for logistics income and volume of logistics;(iii) Set of indicators for logistics human resource; (iv) Set of indicators for logistics infrastructure; (v) Set of indicators for logistics information infrastructure; (vi) Set of indicators for the attraction of foreign direct investment;(vii) Set of indicators for the training and education, science and technology; (viii) Set of indicators for urban policy environment;
(ix) Set of indicators for living environment. The assessment of city logistics system
development is a complicated issue and involves many different objects. It is necessary to base on the research objectives and subjects to use appropriate indicators and assessment methods that facilitates the practical application
1.3 FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF CITY LOGISTICS SYSTEM
City logistics system is a very complex system influenced by many factors which have complicated mutual interactions. Based on above analysis, it can be seen that factors affecting the development of city logistics system can be divided into two main groups: (i) Group of factors reflecting the ability to develop city logistics; (ii) Group of factors reflecting the development environment of city logistics
1.4. EXPERIENCE IN CITY LOGISTICS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT OF SOME CITIES IN THE WORLD AND LESSONS LEARNED FOR HANOI
1.4.1. Experience in city logistics system development of some cities in the world
1.4.1.1. Experience in city logistics system development of SEZ Hongkong China
Hongkong is a developed capitalist economy built on a market economy with little economic interventions from the government Logistics is one of four key economic industries in Hongkong, contributing 25.5% of total GDP of the city and creating jobs for
Trang 13100 airlines operating, 7.000 flights per week and nowadays, HKIA can be connected to 170 areas and territories in the world. Thus, HKIA is the airport with the cargo volume estimated around 4.040 thousand tons. Hongkong is one of the territories that remains the private sector
to invest, operate and exploit end systems while the government focuses on the provision of essential infrastructure to serve the port as well as set out strategies for developing the port at the macro level. To maintain its position as one of the largest container terminals in the world, exploiters frequently invest to upgrade facilities and improve system to enhance quality and operational capacity.
1.4.1.2. Experience in developing city logistics system of Tokyo Japan
Nowadays, Tokyo is one of a few cities all over the world which has developed a modern, diversified and worldclass public transportation infrastructure. Almost every main roads are en routed from Tokyo to all regions and cities of Japan. This system includes tramway, metro, tram, bus and onerail train. So Tokyo distribution network can connect all form of transport such as roadway, waterway, railway and airway. Besides, Tokyo has a worldwide famous container port with infrastructure system with modern facilities which can connect to all transport routes in the region and all over the world. So, Tokyo Port runs as
a main distribution center which supports the development of various industries and the human life in urban areas. Moreover, in order to be considered as one of cities with the most developed city logistics systems in the world, the Japanese Government plays a crutial role in setting out strategies, establishing mechanism, creating environment for general logistics and city logistics system
1.4.1.3. Experience in developing city logistics system of Singapore
Trang 14Singapore government has identified and chosen path of development based on the strengths of the ports, the existing commercial capacity. Along with issuing appropriate policies and mechanism for each phase of economic growth, the open market to attract investment and foreign brainpower has become a national policy of Singapore. Therefore, Singapore government has invested in building a transportation infrastructure system which
is perfectly capable of combining all forms of transports. Besides, Singapore government and enterprises promote the application of sophisticated Intelligent Transport system (ITS), the advanced technology in all stages in order to improve the productivity and operational performance
1.4.2. Lessons for Hanoi in developing city logistics system
Through the research on the process of and experience in developing city logistics system of major cities in the region and in the world, a number of lessons can be drawn for the formulation and development of city logistics system within Hanoi and in our country as follows:
Propagation and changing perceptions of the role, importance and benefits of developing the city logistics system for the city 's economy;
The city government must play a pivotal role in developing strategies and plans for developing the city logistics system;
Creating a synchronous and unified legal framework for city logistics services, particularly the construction and development of city logistics system towards a stable and longterm development;
Establish logistics centers and distribution center in sync with the scale and longterm vision and have an uninterrupted connection between waterway transports, railways, road transports and air transport in the direction of multimodal and environmentfriendly transports;
The development of city logistics infrastructure system encourages private enterprises and foreign enterprises which have financial resources to invest in, to build and exploit the system. Construct airways, inland waterways infrastructure, road infrastructure and modern information technology in order to create favorable conditions for the development of city logistics system;
Enhance the training and retraining of logistics personnel, open logistics specialized training in universities and colleges in the city;
Trang 15 Promoting the role of the Association, particularly the Association of forwarders in proposing initiatives to develop city logistics system
CHAPTER 2: DEVELOPMENT STATUS OF CITY LOGISTICS
SYSTEM IN HANOI
2.1. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF HANOI’S NATURAL, ECONOMY, SOCIAL CAN AFFECT THE LOGISTICS OPERATIONS IN THE CITY
2.1.1. The natural conditions
By the end of 2013, Hanoi's population is 7128.3 thousand people and 3324.92 km wide, consists of 12 districts, 1 town and 18 outer districts, topping the country in the natural area, the second largest urban area and population. Hanoi is one of the 17 biggest capitals in the world
Hanoi City is surrounded by the Red River in the north and east, by the To Lich River and Kim Nguu River (a feeder of To River) in the west and south. Therefore, the traffic between Hanoi and other local cities is easy, convenient, Hanoi became the transport connecting point with road, rail , air and river that spill over into other areas of the country and abroad.
2.1.2. Socio Economic conditions
Hanoi is a political, economic and culture centre of the country.In term of economic growth rate, Hanoi goes beyond a lot of cities all over the countries, just behind Hochiminh City In all conditions, Hanoi still maintain a constantly high economic growth rate, about 1.26 – 1.5 times more than other cities in the country.
In addition, Hanoi is also an important transport connecting point of the country in general and the Red River Delta in particular. All important roads and railway lines head to Hanoi
Besides, Hanoi also plays an important role in development cooperation program "two economic corridors" of Vietnam China. Hanoi is a bridge to promote trade cooperation, economic exchanges not only between Vietnam and China but also between China and ASEAN countries
Trang 16of the Party and State of creating favorable environment for city logistics system development. However, in an overall assessment, the legal framework for logistics city is incomplete, inconsistent and administrative burdens are still complicated and cumbersome. The oriented role of state in development of logistics sector in general and cities logistics in particular is unclear, some laws about logistics now no longer relevant to the real situation, lack of updating the necessary institutions in the field of international logistics. So logistics service market still lacks transparency, unhealthy competition, not to facilitate the sustainable development of the sector
2.2.2. Development status of Infrastructure
2.2.2.1. Road system
Infrastructure of road traffic in Hanoi in recent years has changed in a positive direction, conducive to the development of the city economy. Overall, highways and expressways in the province was formed and allocated reasonably, create the connection with the entire road network in the province as well as other areas of the country. However, road traffic in Hanoi
is under a great pressure of the increase in transport demand, population density and personal vehicles. The imbalance in population density between urban areas and the suburbs has led to overcrowding in many areas, traffic jam in many roads, urgent public opinion, bad urban landscape
2.2.2.2. Railways system
Hanoi’s railway transportation system is important in the transport of goods and passengers, is linked to almost every region in Vietnam. In recent years, the railroad has collaborated with the Ministry of Transport to improve and upgrade the rail system in order
to improve capacity, ensure safety and make time on routes shorter. However, the railway infrastructure was old, backward, have not been modernized, many route across the railway lack of barricades, warning lights; workforce is quite large but low labor productivity; the situation of transgress secure corridor of rail transport still occurs frequently