Building and applying interactive screen experiment in teaching and studying mechanical movement of particle in Physic 10 to develop active awareness, self-study and creativity of the students.
Trang 11. Reason for choosing the topic
Resolution No 29 by the Central Communist Party No 8, term XI on basic and comprehensive innovation on education and training to meet the demands for the course of industrialization and modernization in the context of present international integration and confirmed “it is necessary to transform the educational process from focusing on knowledge instillation to emphasizing the forming, capacity building and quality of the learners”, and emphasizes comprehensive education, developing creativity, selfstudy, practical ability and skills, applying the knowledge into practice. Therefore, one of the teaching targets of physics
at schools in “to develop scientific thinking of students, activeness, selfstudy in constructing and applying the knowledge, to creatively apply to solve the problems in studying and practice”. At the same time, base on the characteristics of physics in schools :”Physics in schools is mainly experiments in which there is a flexible combination between observation, experiments and theoretical inference to achieve the agreement of theory and practice”, we realized that the applying with the method of teaching discovery and problem solving in way
of experimental and theoretical reasoning with checking experiemental results is effective in developing the active awareness, selfstudy and creativity of students in studying physics.The analysis of content characteristics, teaching and studying status of physics in some high schools in Thai Nguyen, Tuyen Quang, Quang Ninh, Phu Tho province, etc….showed that the using of experiments with the method of teaching discovery and problem solvingin teaching physics – especially teaching mechanical movement of material ooints with the purpose to develop active aweareness, selfstudy and creativity of the students are not paid attention to appropriately for many different reasons
In comparing the objectives of training programs, knowledge contents and functions of using experiments in teaching physics, effect of the method of with the method of teaching discovery and problem solving, the status of teaching and studying physics, one of the methods is using experiments in teaching of physic in the means of discovery and problem solving
That is the reason why we chose the topic: “Building and applying interactive screen
experiment in developing positiveness, selfreliance and creativity of students in teaching mechanical motion of particle (Physics 10)”
2. Research objectives
Building and applying interactive screen experiment in teaching and studying mechanical movement of particle in Physic 10 to develop active awareness, selfstudy and creativity of the students
3. Objectives and scope of research
Trang 2 The construction of interactive screen experiment on mechanical movement of material points
The designing and organization of active awareness for the students using interactive screen experiment, specifically the interactive experiments on the screen have made some knowledge contents in mechanical movement of material points (Physics 10)
4. Scientific hypothesis
If the interactive experiments on the screen on mechanical movement of material points are successfully carried out but still ensure the functions of a physical experiments and can be used effectively in the method of teaching discovery and problem solving, it is possible to develop active awareness selfstudy and creativity of students in studying mechanical movement of material points (Physics 10)
5. Reasearch tasks
The theoretical research on the forming of teaching mechanical movement of material points
Reasearch on the teaching theory on the method of teaching discovery and problem solving; from which apply the method of teaching discovery and problem solving in teaching mechanical movement of material points
The modern theoretical research on the organization of active awareness, selfstudy and creativity of the students;
Theoretical research on physical experiments using and combining interactive experiments on the screen and traditional experiments in developing active awareness, selstudy and creativity for the students
Inspection on the status of experiments, teaching status of mechanical movement in material points in Physic 10 program; from which identifying the difficulties which the teachers face during organization of the active awareness, selfstudy and creativity activities for the students.
Researching and constructing interative experiments on the screen on mechanical movement of material points so that it is possible to apply the interative experiments to meet the demands of experiment equipment in these aspects: science, technology, pedagogy, economics, and aesthetics.
Recommendations for the solution for using interactive experiments on the screen have included and combined the practical experiments in organizing active awareness, selfstudy and creativity activities for the students in teaching mechanical movement of material points
Drafting the teaching process for the types of mechanical movement of material points with the method of teaching discovery and problem solving, in which use the organized digital
Trang 3to develop the active awareness, selfstudy and creativity of the students
Pedagogical experiments were drafted to assess the feability of teaching process and the constructed experiments in order to supplement, complete the teaching process. The constructed experiments to develop active awareness, selfstudy and creativenss of the students in studying mechanical movement of material points.
6. Research method
Theoretical research: doing research, analysis on the teaching theories, teaching theories of the subjects to understand the teaching point of views, teaching methods and types
of teaching organization, experiment equipments, the using and combination of experiment equipments to organize activities to develop active awareness, selfstudy and creatvenss of the students; the program materials, textbooks, teacher’s books and the materials related to experiment equipments regarding mechanical movement of material points in Physics 10; materials about construction softwares on the computer, particularly Macromedia Flash
Practical research: doing study on the teaching status of mechanical movement of material points (Physics 10) by class observations, direct discussions with teachers and students, survey results of teachers and students’ view points
Pedagigical experiment method: is being conducted in experimental classes according
to the drafted teaching process and applied the method of teaching discovery and problem solving; in order to analyze and assess active awareness, selfstudy and creativity of the students during and after pedagogical experiment process; give the tests to students in the two groups of experiment and compare the results
Mathematical statistic method: using mathematical statistics to process the data of experiment and assess the results of experiments
7. The new points of the research
Specify the stages of forming knowledge as mechanical movement of material points with the method of teaching discovery and problem solving
Constructing 05 interactive experiments on the screen which maintain the functions of a physical experiment can help to organize the activities to develop active awareness, selfstudy and creativity in teaching mechanical movement of material points in Physics 10 program
Proposing 06 measures of using constructed experiments and using or combination with the traditional experiments in developing active awareness, selfstudy and creativity of the students in teaching mechanical movement of material points
Drafting 05 teaching process for mechanical movement of material points (physics 10)
in which using constructed experiments or combine using of traditional experiments , applying the method of teaching discovery and problem solving to develop active awareness, selfstudy and creativity of the students
Trang 4of constructed experiments, combined using of available experiment equipments in teaching mechanical movement of material points (physics 10) to develop active awareness, selfstudy and creativity of the students
Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH POINTS
In this chapter, we would like to give the overview on the genearal consctruction and using of experiemnts, especially digital experiements in teaching mechanical movement of material points to develop active awareness, selfstudy and creativity of the students. Through studying the scientific reports, doctorate thesis or postgraduate thesis concerning this topics,
we realize that:
The construction and using of experiments in teaching mechanical movement of material points is a topic of interest for Vietnamese authors as well as international authors and there were many optimistic results. However, there is still no research which includes principles, combined using measures of digital experiments and other experimentsin teaching mechanical movement of material points to develop active awareness, selfstudy and creativity of the students
From the above analysis, we saw the focusing points of reasearch are as follows:
Doing research interactive screen experiments on mechanical movement of material points (Physics 10) which ensure scientific criteria, pedagygy, technology, economics and aethestics
Proposing the measures of using constructed interactive screen experiments and the combined using measures of avalable experiments in developing active awareness, selfstudy and creativity of the students
Applying the theory on the method of teaching discovery and problem solving to build the teaching process for mechanical movement of material points (Physics 10), in which using the constructed interactive experiments on the screen and combined available experiments to develop active awareness, selfstudy and creativity of the students
Trang 5CONSTRUCTING AND USING INTERACTIVE SCREEN EXPERIMENTS IN TEACHING MECHANICAL MOVEMENT OF MATERIAL POINT TO DEVELOP ACTIVE AWARENESS, SELFSTUDY AND CREATIVITY OF THE STUDENTS
In this chapter, we mentioned the theoretical and practicle problems regarding the research topic such as: developing active awareness, the common activities in the physical awareness of the students; the stages of forming knowledge of mechanical movement of material points; applying the method of teaching discovery and problem solving in teaching mechanical movement of material points and organizing activities to promote active awareness, selfstudy and creativity of the students in high schools; physical experiments and using physical experiments in promoting active awareness, selfstudy and creativity of the students ; and the status of using physical experiments in teaching physics at high schools.2.1. Develop physical awareness of the students
The development of physical awareness of high school students also follow the development theory of Jean Piaget (1896 1980) and Lev Vygotski (1896 1934). At present, the two theories are considered the most important achievements of development psychology and be the foundation to build the new teaching methods and strategies
2.2. Teaching about mechanical movement of material point
Typically, in the teaching of physics in high schools, the study of a phenomenon of mechanical movement is usually done in the following order:
From the outward signs of any common movement, the concept of physical quantities characterizing the motion as displacement, velocity, acceleration is formed
Then, depending on the specific characteristics of physical quantities characterizing the motion that led to the study of each particular motion
The study of each type of quality mechanical movement points after having the concepts specific to the most general motion is consistent with the structure of the program in ordinary physics today, matching the level of the students and matching time periods. When studying each kind of quality mechanical movement point, students should introduce the concept of motion (defined motions), conditions occur motion (with or without content, depending on the type of transfer concrete), understanding the relationship between the quantities characterizing the motion (the laws of motion). That means, teaching knowledge of quality mechanical movement of two teaching points include the following:
Trang 6 The phenomenon of a mechanical movement of material point: defining the movement, the conditions for the movement (whether or not this content, depending on the particular type of movement)
In applying the view points on development of Jean Piaget and Lev Vygosky which is attached to the method of teaching discovery and problem solving, we would like to propose some of the measures to develop active awareness of students in styding physics as follows: Use study cases (which contain the awareness conflicts and research problesm) creating the imbalance (in terms of awareness) of the student causing conflicts the students have motivation to solve the problesm – the basis to sovle the research problems
Control, direct the students to solve the problems in awareness (solve the research problems) by taking the students to “close development zone”, stimulate the students to solve the problems to supass the “close development zone”. As the result, the students must be active to think of the solutions to the problems, realizing problem solving and creating the
“balance” and drawing conclusions
In order to develop the active awareness of the students in thinking of the solutions and solving the problems, it is necessary to use teaching aids, eperiement equipment to to stimulate and maintain the interest of students or the teachers can request the students to propose solutions, carry out experiments or improve the experiments. …
2.3.3. Develop selfstudy of students in studying physics under the method of discovery and problem solving
On the basis of the two theories by Jean Piaget and Lev Vygosky on development of awareness, applicable for the method of teaching discovery and problem solving, we would ike to propose some measures to develop selfstudy of students in studying physics as
Trang 7follows: Identify the “boundary” of “close development zone” – which according to Vygosky, is a “current level which is determined by the independence to solve the problem (task)” of the students to define the tasks which the students can do themselves to achieve the
“balance” in terms of awareness. The tasks are specified as follows:
+Noticing the awareness conflicts, the issues for research in cases which include the issues.+ Identifying the necessary knowledge and skills to construct the measures to solve the problems in theoretical reasoning method
+ Conducting the built measures according to the theoretical reasoning method to solve the problems.
+ Conducting experiments to check the hypothesis (consequences) or check the results from theoretical reasoning to draw the results
+ Presenting and defending the results
+ Finding out the application scope of the knowledge and apply the knowledge in the concrete cases
+ Make connections of the knowledge with practice
It is possible to achieve the abovementioned results. One of the solutions is to use experiments in teaching and studying physics with the method of teaching discovery and problem solving
2.3.4. Develop the creativity of students in teaching physics under the method of
discovery and problem solving
In application of the theories on awareness development of Pieget and Vygosky in terms of teaching discovery and problem solving, the teacher needs to identify the “close development zone” and its “upper boundary”, which according to Vygosky, is the “nearest level the student can reach with the help of their friends and adulst when solving the problems” to help the students develop their creativity and from that, the teachers can direct the students in solving the problems
in a creative way through the following specific measures:
Practice making hypothesis Making hypothesis plays a very important role in scientific creativity Construction of hypothesis relies mostly on intuitions, the diverse experience and profound knowledge of each field Making hypotheisis cannot be
spontaneous but must always have a base even if it is not really certain.
Practicing making experiments to check the found results and make theoretical
reasoning or check the accuracy of the hypothesis. When we apply the method of teaching discovery and problem solving, helping the students to practice making experiments to check the found results and make theoretical reasoning or check the accuracy of the hypothesis is
Trang 8Practicing application of knowledge and new skills to explain and forsee new physical phenomena.
2.4. Applying the method of discovery and problem solving in teaching in teaching mechanical movement of material points
Teaching mechanical movement of material point include teaching two following:
The concept of mechanical movement of material point (defining the movement, the conditions for movement)
The law of motion / the relationship between the quantities characterizing motionFor each knol, here we apply the method of discovery and problem solving to to concretize the steps in the process of forming knowledge of mechanical movement of material point
2. Declaring issues
Declare the researched issues relating to the common signs, the nature of the motion was presented
3. Solving issues How to do the experiments, observe the movements and analyze the movements to discover the natural signs which are
common for those movements
4. Conclusions Drawing conclusions for all the common natural signs of the
movements
Trang 9Bring a new definition for the movements which have the same sigs and make definitions for the movements and conclude the conditions to have these movements (this content may be repported or not depending on the type of movement.
5. Application
Application and proposing the next issue for research
Table 2.2: Specific steps in forming the rules / relationships of quantities
characterizing motion of mechanical movement of material point using method of teaching discovery and problem solving
2. Declaring issues
Declare the researched issues relating to the laws of motion; the relationships of quantities characterizing motion of mechanical movement
3. Solving issues Theoretical approach Experimental approach
Trang 10Propose hypotheses for laws of motion; the relationships of quantities characterizing motion of mechanical movement
Determine the contents that can be tested by
experiments
Determine the contents (hypotheses or the consequences to be drawn from the hypothesis) that can be tested by
experimentsDesign plan experiments
to test
Design plan experiments to test
Conduct experiments to test Conduct experiments to test
4. Conclusions
Draw the conclusions for the laws of movement, the relationship/ qualitative expressions (if any) which represents (unify, specify)/ the natural characteristics of the movements
Trang 112.5.1. Physical experiments
The physical experiments are defined as the intentional and systematic interactions of human to the subjects of reality. Through analysis and the conditions in which there are interactions and the results of the interactions provide us with new knowledge
There are many ways to distinguish physical experiments. Basing on different criteria, there are different experiments.
Basing on conducting laboratory experiments, there are two kinds of physical experiments: performing experiments of teachers and practicing experiments of students
Basing on the technology in which the experiment equipments count on that activity, there are two kinds of physical experiments: traditional eperiments and technical digital experiments
+ Traditional experiments are the experiments whose activities do not base on digital technology. The subject of research for traditional experiments is the process, real physical phenomena which are presented originally. Researchers will make direct impacts on the subjects of research and cause changes to the subjects and receive information about the subjects. This activity is made in the experimental environment (not through the computers) with the use of tools and equipments to collect the data directly from those refllecting the process and characteristics of the researched phenomena
+ Digital experiments are the experiments in which our activities or a part of our activities base on ditigal technology In a digital experiments, the subjects (process, phenomena) are true. However, the information about the process, physical phenomena was decoded into digital date and processed by the digital equipment through computers
Base on the signs of interactions with these subjects, digital experiments are categorized into two types:
+ Experiments to connect the computers: are experiments in which the leaners interact directly with the researched subjects
+ The interactive experiments on the screen: are the digital experiments in which the learners interact indirectly through the mouse, keyboards or compters’ screen
The subjects or research in digital experiments on the screen are the phenomena and physical processes which are recorded (video tape or camera) under original form and instered to the computers using computer softwares through which the learners can interact with subjects of research on the screen, making changes to the subjects of research in their own purposes or orders to achieve equivalent results
Thus, it can be understood that digital experiments on the screen are conducted in an environment which is a teaching software on the computers in which the phenomena and physical processes were recorded and insrted into the softwares to process information relating to the charateristics of the phenomena and processes
Trang 12Research subjects in interactive screen experiment are real physical processes or phenomena that are recorded (video capture or capture) as root and put into the computer, using computer software tools, then pupils can learn to manipulate on screen objects to interact with researchers, alters the object of study according to the purpose, order your own research and get the corresponding results Interactive experiments on screen with features like a physics experiments such as the conditions
of the experiment were selected and are set intentionally so through experiments, can answer the question posed, may test the hypothesis or the consequences deduced from the theory; the conditions of the experiment can be transformed so that we can study the dependence between two quantities while other variables held constant; the conditions of the experiment are contained, controlled properly as intended by the use
of laboratory equipment with precision the extent necessary; may observe the change
of certain quantities due to the change of other quantities; can repeat the experiment. Thus, with reference to the definition and characteristics of physics experiments, interactive experiments on the screen can be confirmed as a physics experiment
Helping the students to conduct experiments and physical observations at home (revew, reinforcing and technical preparation, practice)
In comparison to traditional experiments, digital experiments have certain strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, during the teaching process, in order to optimize active awareness, selfstudy and creativity of the students, the teachers must combine using of different experiments, through which helping to develop the strengths of each kind of experiments.2.5.4 Combined using of interactive experiments on the screen and traditional
experiments in teaching mechanical movement of material points to develop active awareness, selfstudy and creativity of the students
The combined using of different kinds of experiments in teaching physics must ensure the following rules:
Only use the interative experiments on the screen (digital experiments_ when the traditional experiments do not help the students to fully understand the knowledge or when they are not being assited in organizing activities to develop active awareness, selfstudy and creativity of the students
It is possible to use interative experiments on the screen and combine using of traditional experiments at different stages of the teaching process, etc…. However, it is