Chapter 14 - Products and services for businesses. What you should learn from chapter 14: The importance of derived demand in industrial markets, how demand is affected by technology levels, characteristics of an industrial product, the importance of ISO 9000 certification, the growth of business services and nuances of their marketing, the importance of trade shows in promoting industrial goods, the importance of relationship marketing for industrial products and services.
Trang 115th edition
Trang 2• Issues of standardization versus adaptation
– Less relevance to marketing industrial goods than consumer goods
• Factors accounting for greater market similarities
in customers of industrial goods versus consumer goods
– The inherent nature of the product (industrial
products and services are used in the process of
creating other goods and services)
– The motive or intent for the user differs (industrial consumers are seeking profit, whereas the ultimate consumer is seeking satisfaction)
Trang 3U.S. Exports
Exhibit 14.1
Trang 4Demand in Global BusinesstoBusiness Markets
• Three factors affect the demand in industrial
markets differently than in consumer markets.
They are:
– Volatility of industrial demand (demand in
industrial markets is by nature more volatile)
– Stages of economic development (stages of
industrial and economic development affect
demand for industrial products)
– Technology and market demand (the level of
technology of products and services make their sales more appropriate for some countries than others)
Trang 5of Industrial Demand
• Cyclical swings in demand
– Professional buyers tend to act in concert
– Derived demand accelerates changes in markets
• Derived demand can be defined as demand dependent on
another source
• Minor changes in consumer demand mean major changes
in related industrial demand
– Boeing
• Worldwide demand for travel services related to demand for new airplanes
• Commercial aircraft industry one of the most volatile
Trang 6Quality and Global Standards
• Perception of quality rests solely with the
customer
– Level of technology reflected in the product
– Compliance with standards that reflect customer needs
– Support services and followthrough
– Price relative to competitive products
• Quality standards vary with level of country’s
industrialization
Trang 7An International Standard of Quality
(1 of 2)
• Positively affects the performance and stock
prices of firms
• Certification of the existence of a quality control system a company has in place to ensure it can meet published quality standards
– Describes three quality system models
– Defines quality concepts
– Gives guidelines for using international standards
in quality systems
• Generally voluntary
Trang 8An International Standard of Quality
(2 of 2)
• EU Product Liability Directive
• Now a competitive marketing tool in Europe and around the world
• The ACSI approach
Trang 9• For many industrial products the revenues from
associates services exceed the revenues from the
products
– Cellular phones
– Printers
• Leasing capital equipment
• Services not associated with products
– Boeing atseasatellitelaunch services
– Ukrainian cargo company space rental on giant jets
– Professional services (advertising, banking, healthcare, etc.)
Trang 10• Installation
• Training
• Spare and replacement parts
– Delivery time
– Cost of parts
• Service personnel
• Almost always more profitable than the actual
sale of the machinery or product
• Crucial in building strong customer loyalty
Trang 11• Client followers
• Mode of entry
– Licensing
– Franchising
– Direct investment
• Protectionism
• Restrictions on crossborder data flows
Trang 12Business Marketing
(1 of 4)
• Secondary methods for marketing:
– Advertising in print media
– Catalogs
– Web sites
– Direct mail
• Trade shows have become the primary and most important vehicle for doing business in many
foreign countries
Trang 13Business Marketing
(2 of 4)
• Total annual media budget spent on trade
events:
– Europeans – 22 percent
– Americans – 5 percent
Trang 14Business Marketing
(3 of 4)
• Trade shows
– Provide the facilities for a manufacturer to exhibit and demonstrate products to potential users
– Allow manufacturers to view competitors products
– Are an opportunity to create sales and establish
relationships with agents, distributors, franchisees,
and suppliers
• Online trade shows
– Become useful in difficult economic and/or political circumstances
– Are obviously a less than adequate substitute for live trade shows
Trang 15Business Marketing
(4 of 4)
• Not a matter of selling the right product the
first time instead selling a continuously changed the product to keep it right over time
• The objective of relationship marketing
– To make the relationship an important attribute of the transaction
• Differentiating oneself from competitors
• Using the Internet to facilitate relationship
building and maintenance
– Cisco Systems