Tài liệu Hệ thống kiến thức ngữ pháp và cấu trúc tiếng Anh trình bày giới từ thường (Prepositions) và cách sử dụng giới từ thường.
Trang 1 Gi i t thớ ừ ường:
+ Đi trước Danh t : Ch Th i gian, n i ch n.ừ ỉ ờ ơ ố
+ Đi sau Tính T ừ
+ Đi sau Đ ng Tộ ừ
+ Đi sau m t s Danh Tộ ố ừ
1 GI I T ĐI TRỚ Ừ ƯỚC DANH T CH TH I GIAN:Ừ Ỉ Ờ
CH TH I GIANỈ Ờ
VÍ DỤ
BU IỔ
D P LỊ Ễ
CU I TU NỐ Ầ
Đ U , CU IẦ Ố
TU IỔ
at 4 o’clock, at 5 pm
at night/ noon/ midnight
at Christmas, at TET at/ on weekends
at first /at the beginning of / at last/ at the end of
at the age of 18
MÙA
NĂM
TH P KẬ Ỷ
TH KẾ Ỷ
CÁC BU I TRONG Ổ NGÀY CÓ “THE”
in August, September, November
in Spring, Winter,
in 1990
in 1990s
in the 21st cetury
in the morning
NGÀY TRONG THÁNG
TH TRONG TU NỨ Ầ
On Christmas day
on August 12th
on Sunday, on Sunday mornings
LÂU M T KHO NG TG (thỘường dùng v i thì Ả ớ
HTHT)
For 2 years / for six months
dùng v i thì HTHT)ớ Since 1990
Trang 22 GI I T ĐI TRỚ Ừ ƯỚC DANH T CH N I CH N:Ừ Ỉ Ơ Ố Cho ta bi t s vi c di n ra đâu.ế ự ệ ễ ở
CH N I CH NỈ Ơ Ố
VÍ DỤ
QUAN
N I NÀO ĐÓ ĐANG Ơ
HO T Đ NG.Ạ Ộ
at home/ school/university/ work
at the CINEMA / at the airport / at the meeting (t i cu c h p) / AT ạ ộ ọ THE station
người / v t n mậ ằ
g n trong 1 v t ọ ậ khác)
phòng / phòng h cọ
Làng / xã / huy n / T nh / ệ ỉ thành Ph /mi n / Qu c gia/ ố ề ố
phương hướng/ Châu L c/ ụ
Th Gi iế ớ
Sách / báo / Truy n / tranh ệ
m a / n ng / các d ng th i ư ắ ạ ờ
ti t / thiên taiế
in the living room / in the kitchen
in London / in Hanoi / in France /
in the east / in Africa / in the world
in the newspaper / in a book / in a story / in a picture
in the rain/ in the sun /
ON Ở TRÊN (1 bàn / K / gh / l uệ ế ầ on the table / on the 1st floor (trên
Trang 3ngườ ậ ởi/v t trên
1 v t khác có ậ
ti p xúc, ho c ế ặ dính vào)
b c tứ ường
c th ngơ ể ười
l u 1)ầ
on the wall
on my head / on foot
M T S THÀNH NG GI I T C N NH KHÁC:Ộ Ố Ữ Ớ Ừ Ầ Ớ
at once : lúc này
at sunset/ sunrise : lúc m t tr i ặ ờ
l n / m cặ ọ
at the moment : lúc này
at present : lúc này
at the same time : cùng 1 lúc
In time: k p gi ị ờ
In advance : tr ướ c (v tg) ề
In front of : tr ở ướ c(v v trí) ề ị
in English/ German: b ng ti ng ằ ế anh.
in love with: đang yêu
in the end:( cu i cùng) ố
in favour of : thích
On time : đúng gi ( chính xác) ờ
On holiday : đang đi nghỉ
On business : đang đi công tác
On fire : đang cháy
On a diet : đang ăn kiêng
On TV : trên truy n hìnhề
on the whole : nhìn chung
on the left/ right : bên trái / ph iả
By the time : trước khi
By chance : tình cờ
Learn by heart: h c thu c lòngọ ộ
By taxi / train/ bicycle
for example/ instance: ví d nhụ ư for lunch/ : cho b a tr a ữ ư
Trang 4S + BE + ADJ + PREPOSITIONS
3 GI I T ĐI SAU TÍNH T :Ớ Ừ Ừ
1. OF:
ashamed of: x u h vấ ổ ề
afraid of: s , e ng iợ ạ
Trang 5 full of: đ yầ
aware of: nh n th cậ ứ
capable of: có kh năngả
confident of :tin tưởng
fond of: thích
2. TO:
accustomed to = be used to: quen v iớ
next to = close to : k bênế
open to: mở
pleasant to: hài lòng
contrary to: trái l i, đ i l pạ ố ậ
equal to: tương đương v i, b ngớ ằ
rude to: thô l , c c c nỗ ộ ằ
similar to: gi ng, tố ương tự
3. FOR:
sorry for: xin l iỗ
late for: trễ
famous for: n i ti ngổ ế
necessary for: c n thi tầ ế
ready for smt: s n sàng cho vi c gìẵ ệ
qualified for: có ph m ch tẩ ấ
good for: t t choố
responsible for smt: ch u trách nhi m v vi c gìị ệ ề ệ
4. AT:
good at: gi i (v )ỏ ề
excellent at: xu t s c vấ ắ ề
bad at: d ( v )ở ề
clever at: khéo léo, thông minh về
skilful at: khéo léo, có k năng vỹ ề
quick at: nhanh
amazed at: ng c nhiênạ
present at: hi n di nệ ệ
surprised at: ng c nhiênạ
5. WITH:
busy with: b n ậ
familiar with: quen thu cộ
crowded with: đông đúc
angry with: gi n dậ ữ
friendly with: thân m tậ
bored with: chán
fed up with: chán/ ngán ng mẩ
6. ABOUT:
excited about: hào h ngứ
happy about: vui, h nh phúcạ
sad about: bu nồ
worried about: lo l ngắ
7. IN:
interested in: thích, quan tâm v ề
rich in: giàu v ề
successful in: thành công v ề
Trang 6 absent from: v ng m t ( kh i )ắ ặ ỏ
different from: khác
9. ON: keen on: hăng hái v ề
Exercise 1 – Put in one of the following : AT, ON, IN, DURING, FOR, SINCE, BY, UNTIL.
1 Jack has gone away. He’ll back a week
2 We’re having a party Saturday. Can you come ?
3 I’ve got an inetrview next week. It’s 9.30 Tuesday morning
4 Sue isn’t usually here weekends. Shoe goes away
5 The train service is very good. The trains are nearly always time
6 It was a confusing situation. Many things were happening the same time
7 I couldn’t decide whether or not to buy the sweater. the end I decided to leave it
8 The road is budy all the time, even night
9 I met a lot of nice people my stay in New York
10 I saw Helen Friday, but I haven’t seen her then
11 Brian has been doing the same job five years
12. Lisa’s birthday is the end of March. I’m not sure exactly which day it is
13 We have some friends staying with us the moment. They’re staying Firday
14 If you’re interested in applying for the job, your application must be received Friday
15 I’m just going out. I won’t be long – I’ll be back ten minutes
Exercise 2 – Fill in each gap with a proper preposition
1. Alice is afraid …… crossing the busy streets
2. My sister was proud …… her good marks on English.
3. That singer has become very popular …… the youth
4. This sweater will keep you safe …… the cold
Trang 75. He feels confident …… passing the examination
6. Be confident …… yourself if you want to succeed
7. My parents are pleased …… my result
8. Are you amazed …… seeing that scene ?
9. His words are contrary …… his acts
10. Hue is famous …… its historical vestiges
11. My mother is always busy …… her housework
12. He was absent …… work yesterday because he was ill
13. His job seems similar …… yours, isn’t it ?
14. Are you excited …… going on holiday next week ?
15. Please wait here. I’ll have some tickets available …… you
16. It’s very kind …… you to help them
17. Thank you. You are very kind …… me
18. The teacher is angry …… your laziness
19. I’m angry …… you …… not obeying me
20. They were happy …… the result of the election
4 GI I T ĐI SAU Đ NG T :Ớ Ừ Ộ Ừ
A: Verb + preposition: (1)
1 Agree with sb about sth / on sth Đồng ý với ai về
4 Apply for st
Apply to someone
Nộp đơn xin Nộp đơn cho ai
7 arrive in + Thành phố, quốc gia
arrive at + Nơi nhỏ hơn (airport / station)
Đến: arrive in London / in Britain arrive at school / the party / the hotel
16 Fight for = struggle for sb / sth
Fight = struggle against (illiteracy…)
đấu tranh vì
đ u tranh ch ng cái x u ấ ố ấ
Trang 819 hear from sb có tin tức của ai
24 leave for + Place
leave + Place
Rời nơi đang ở để đi nơi m i ớ Rời khỏi nơi đang ở (khơng đđ c p ề ậ
n i m i) ơ ớ
37 speak to sb
speak up
Nói chuyện với
nĩi l n h n ớ ơ
C: Verb + Object + preposition (2)
Trang 99 Provide sb with sth Cung caáp…veà
5 GI I T ĐI SAU DANH T :Ớ Ừ Ừ
1 Answer to st, : câu tr l i cho ả ờ
2 Apology to sb : l i xin l iờ ỗ
3 Reply to, solution to, : l i đáp/ gi i pháp đ i v i ờ ả ố ớ
4 Attitude towards sb/ sth : thái đ đ i v iộ ố ớ
5 Cause, example, picture, photograph of : nguyên nhân/ vì d / b c tranh / t m hình c aụ ứ ấ ủ
6 Increase in, rise in / decrease in, fall in : s gia tăng / s suy gi m vự ự ả ề
7 Difficulty in doing sth : s khó khăn vự ề
8 Reason for sth : lý do cho
9 Developments in : s phát tri n vự ể ề
10 effect on : s nh hự ả ưởng lên…
11 Impression on sb : s n tự ấ ượng đ i v iố ớ
12 Threat of : s đe d a c aự ọ ủ
13 cure for : phương thu c dành choố
Exercise 3 – Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate preposition if necessary.
1. You’re always asking me money. Ask somebody else for a change
2. I’ve applied a job at the factory. I don’t know if I’ll get it
3. If I want a job at the factory, who do I apply ?
4. I’ve searched everywhere John but I haven’t been able to find him
5. I don’t want to talk what happened last night. Let’s forget it
6. I don’t want to discuss what happened last night. Let’s forget it
7. We had an interesting discussion the problem but we didn’t reach a decision
8. Keith and Sonia are touring Europe They’re in Rome at the moment, but tomorrow they leave Venice
9. The roof of the house is in very bad condition. I think we ought to do something it
10. We waited him for half an hour but he never came
Exercise 4 – Choose the best option
1. He will come Monday the afternoon
2. We have stayed there 2000
3. Will he be there one month?
4. What does he often do his free time?
5. I am sad my daughter’s laziness
6. The children are free Sundays
Trang 10A. on B. up C. with D. under
7. Vi t is not interested listening to music.ệ
8. Her profession is similar his
9. Ms. Trang is fond candy
10. Were you absent the lecture yesterday?
11. We must hurry if we do not want to be late school
12. Will the raincoat keep you safe the cold?
13. last you have to make a conclusion
14. Have you left your bicycle leaning the tree?
15. Do you have to live Hanoi in autumn every year?
16. They have lived in this city twenty years of their life
17. I am walking the river bank
18. For the last few days I haven’t been able to sleep night
19. Are you acquainted the lady?
20. We will leave Russia
21. It never snows here Christmas.
22. He always comes here bicycle
23. A: “Can you lend me your notebook Friday?”
B. “ Sorry, I can’t. I’ll have to finish my report the end of the week”
24. We’ll have to hurry if we want to be time for the show
25. Why are you so rude your sisters ? Can’t you be nice them ?
1 Most college football games are played Saturdays
2 Leaves turn color _ the autumn
3. My birthday is………… November 20th
a. in b. at c. during d. on
4. Her house is far……… the school
a. on b. of c. from d. for
8. The leaves of these trees always drop……… autumn
Trang 119. In England people drive ………the left side of the road
a. in b. from c. to d. on
10. Tom’s grandfather died……… 1997…………the age of 79
a. in/in b. in/of c. in/at d. in/on
11. The result was quite different what I expected
a with b. at c. to d. from
15. He is bored doing the same job for too long
17. It happened 7:00 _the evening
a. in /at b. to / in c. at / to d. at/ in
18. My brother was very good _physics
20. We might have a picnic . It depends _the weather
3 _ the whole, I enjoy the movie
4 She’ll come home April
5 Minh was born _ Ho Chi Minh city
6 When we arrived _ the station, the last train had just gone.
7 Blue grass music is somewhat different other types of country music
8 We are here to provide you _ the best service possible
9 Nowadays, most of young people are involved learning English
10 Are you interested _ learning English?
11 I’m so happy to hear from Mary because I haven’t seen her last year
12 He is very successful _ his job
13 When Mr. Pike was young, he was keen playing football
14 Mary is the most beautiful girl _ the three sisters.
15 I will be responsible what I do
16 You cannot do well two jobs _ same time
17 I’m not good _ English. I think I should spend more time _ it
18 An apple stands _ the New York State.
19 Catherine became accustomed _ spicy foods when she was traveling.
20 Washington state is famous its apples
Trang 1221 Were you aware the regulations against smoking in this area?
22 William insists getting up early, even on weekends
23 Please come here _ once
24 Teacher, are we expected to learn all the new words heart?
25 She always takes good care _ her children
26 All of us are fond _ listening to music
27 I'd rather go to the football field instead being in class today.
28 Scientists are searching _ some other kinds of energy.
29 Motor vehicles account _ 75% of air pollution in the major cities
She is always borrowing money _ me
27. they wasted valuable time searching _the car key
28. Tom succecced _persuading his boss to buy a computer
29. They are now in Paris , they will leave London next week
30. Fred is looking forward to hearing his brother
33. Many people regard him………….one of the greatest pianist in the world
34. Everyone will laugh ………her
36. Who takes care………the children when you are at work.?
30
31 I haven’t gone there _ ages
32 Most college football games are played Saturdays
33 Leaves turn color _ the autumn
34 Minh was born _ Ho Chi Minh city
35 Mai graduated _ the University of Education
36 English is spoken in many countries all _ the world
37 _ many areas of the world, wars have made lives more miserable
38 When we arrived _ the station, the last train had just gone.
Trang 1339 Approaching the village, we saw the village common in the distance.
40 Fortunately, the company offered _ me the job I had applied
41 The pop singer has always received a large number of letter _ her fans
42 She was very surprised _ the grade she received
43 I was disappointed the grade I received on my last essay.
44 We are here to provide you _ the best service possible
45 Are you interested _ learning English?
46 I’m so happy to hear from Mary because I haven’t seen her last year
47 He is very successful _ his job
48 We are sure that they are all in favour the plan
49 pollution has bad effect our life
1 We all laughed _ the cartoon
2 Police are searching _ the man who escaped from prison
Question 9: She must leave now ,so she is _ a hurry
Question 8: Mary always takes great care………….her children
Question 48: She started school when she was six years old
A. At the year of six, she started school B At the time of six, she started
school
C. At the old of six, she started school D At the age of six, she started
school
Question 17: My mother is r e s po n s i b le to the household chores in m y family
Question 27: My family consist brothers and I. five people: my parents, my two younger
10. I’m very _ in the information you have given me.
19. Many Vietnamese people are fond watching football.