Mời các bạn cùng tìm hiểu Lesson 4: The past perfect and the past perfect continuous (Thì quá khứ hoàn thành và quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn) để nắm bắt một số thông tin cơ bản về cấu trúc và cách dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành và thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn.
Trang 1LESSON 4 The past perfect and the past perfect continuous (Thì quá kh hoàn thành và quá kh hoàn thành ti p di n)ứ ứ ế ễ
A. The past perfect (Thì quá kh hoàn thành)ứ
I. C u trúcấ
(+) S + had + PII
() S + had not + PII
(?) Had + S + PII?
I felt really tired when I took the train to work yesterday because Sarah and I had been to
a party the evening before. We hadn’t gone to bed until after one. I hadn’t been on the train long when I had a bit of a shock. I suddenly realized that I’d left my wallet at home. Then I began to wonder. Had I left it in the office the day before? I just couldn’t
remember. I wanted to go back to bed. I felt awful
II. Cách dùng
1. Di n t hành đ ng hay s vi c x y ra tr ễ ả ộ ự ệ ả ướ c 1 hành đ ng khác trong quá kh ộ ứ
hay tr ướ c 1 th i đi m xác đ nh trong quá kh ờ ể ị ứ
Hành đ ng x y ra ộ ả trướ dùng thì quá kh c ứ hoàn thành
Hành đ ng x y ra ộ ả sau dùng thì quá kh ứđ nơ
Before / When / By the time + m nh đ QKĐ, m nh đ QKHTệ ề ệ ề
After + m nh đ QKHT, m nh đ QKĐệ ề ệ ề
Jone had gone to the store before he went home
After Jone had gone to the store, he went home
Trang 2 Jack told us yesterday that he had visited England in 1970
2. Di n t 1 hành đ ng b t đ u trong quá kh , ti p t c đ n 1 th i đi m xác đ nh ễ ả ộ ắ ầ ứ ế ụ ế ờ ể ị
trong quá kh ứ
Her brother had lived in New York for ten years before he moved to California
3. So sánh HT hoàn thành và QK hoàn thành
Hi n t i hoàn thành (before now)ệ ạ Quá kh hoàn thành (before then)ứ
My wallet isn’t here. I’ve left it behind
The match is over. United have won
That man looks familiar. I’ve seen him
somewhere before
My wallet wasn’t here. I’d left it behind The match was over. United had won That man looked familiar. I’d seen him somewhere before
Exercise 1: Put the verb into present perfect or past perfect
1. It isn’t raining now. It (stop) at last
2. We had no car at that time. We (sell) our old one
3. There was no sign of a taxi, although I (order) one half an hour before
4. You can have that newspaper. I (finish) with it
5. The park looked awful. People (leave) litter everywhere
Exercise 2: . Past simple and past perfect
1. I went to the box office at lunch time but they…… ………(already sell) all the tickets
2. I felt very tired when I got home, so I… ………(go) straight to bed
5. “Was David at the party when you arrived?” No, he… …………(go) home
6. Sorry I’m late. The car… …(break) down on my way here
7. I… …………(take) the book back to the library when I… ………(read) it.
Trang 3…………(go) out for dinner
9. After she … …………(fill) the basket, she… ………(go) to the check out
10. Yesterday morning I ……… (remember) the answer to the question Bob
… …………(ask) me the night before
11. Last night, I…… ……(go) to Jim’s room and… …………(knock) on the door but there…… ………(be) no answer. Either he… …………(go) out or he… ………(not want) to see anyone
13. Two days ago I … ………(meet) an old friend who I… …………(not see) for years
14. Karen… …………(not want) to go to the cinema
B. The past perfect continuous (Thì quá kh hoàn thành ti p di n)ứ ế ễ
I. C u trúcấ
(+) S + Had + been + Ving
() S + had not + been + Ving
(?) Had + S + been + Ving?
George had been working at the university for 40 years before he retired
I hadn’t been paying attention to the lesson, so I couldn’t answer the question
Was the ground wet? Had it been raining?
II. Cách dùng
Trang 41. Dùng đ nh n m nh tính liên t c kéo dài c a hành đ ng hay s vi c b t đ u ể ấ ạ ụ ủ ộ ự ệ ắ ầ
trong quá kh và ti p t c đ n 1 th i đi m trong quá kh ứ ế ụ ế ờ ể ứ.
After I had been walking for an hour, I decided to have a rest
She felt ill because she had been working too hard
2. So sánh QKHT và QKHT ti p di n ế ễ
I finally bought a new calculator. I’d
looked everywhere for the old one
Vicky felt pleased because she’d done so
much work
When the company went bankrupt, it had
lost over a million pounds
=> Thường nh n m nh vi c đã hoàn t t, ấ ạ ệ ấ
nh n m nh s lấ ạ ố ượng
I found the calculator. I’d been looking for it for 3 days
Vicky felt tired because she’d been working all day
When the company went bankrupt, it had been losing money for months
=> Thường nh n m nh kéo dài trong tgianấ ạ dài bao lâu
3. So sánh v i nh ng thì ti p di n khác ớ ữ ế ễ
Vicky looks very upset. I think she has been crying
Vicky looked very upset. I thought she had been crying
When I phoned, she was having a piano lesson. (I phoned during the lesson)
When I phoned, she had been having a piano lesson. (I phoned after the lesson)
Ex 3: Put in the correct form of the verbs
1. Tom could hear shouts from the flat next door. His neighbors (argue) again
2. Emma went into the sittingroom. It was empty, but the television was still on.
Someone (watch) it
3. I (play) tennis, so I had a shower. I was annoyed because I (not win) a single game
Trang 54. The walkers finally arrived at their destination. They (walk) all day, and they certainly needed a rest. They (walk) thirty miles
5. When I saw Nick last week, he said he (stop) smoking. but when I saw him two days later, he (smoke) a cigarette. He looked rather ashamed
6. I really must go and see the dentist. One of my teeth (ache) for weeks