Chapter 7 provides knowledge of portfolio theory and other asset pricing models. This chapter presents the following content: Portfolio theory, capital asset pricing model (CAPM)L: capital market line (CML), security market line (SML).
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Chapter 7
Portfolio Theory and Other Asset Pricing Models
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Topics in Chapter
Portfolio Theory
Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)
Capital Market Line (CML)
Security Market Line (SML)
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Expected
Portfolio
Return, r p
Risk, p
Efficient Set
Feasible Set
Feasible and Efficient
Portfolios
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Feasible and Efficient
Portfolios
The feasible set of portfolios represents all portfolios that can be constructed from a
given set of stocks.
An efficient portfolio is one that offers:
the most return for a given amount of risk, or
the least risk for a give amount of return.
The collection of efficient portfolios is called the efficient set or efficient frontier.
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I B2 I
B1
I A2
I A1
Optimal Portfolio Investor A
Optimal Portfolio Investor B
Risk p
Expected
Return, r p
Optimal Portfolios
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Indifference Curves
Indifference curves reflect an investor’s attitude toward risk as reflected in his or her risk/return tradeoff function. They differ among investors because of
differences in risk aversion
An investor’s optimal portfolio is defined
by the tangency point between the
efficient set and the investor’s
indifference curve
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What is the CAPM?
The CAPM is an equilibrium model that specifies the relationship between risk and required rate of return for assets
held in welldiversified portfolios
It is based on the premise that only one factor affects risk
What is that factor?
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What impact does rRF have on the efficient frontier?
When a riskfree asset is added to the feasible set, investors can create
portfolios that combine this asset with a portfolio of risky assets
The straight line connecting rRF with M, the tangency point between the line and the old efficient set, becomes the new efficient frontier
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M
Z
.
A
r RF
The Capital Market
Line (CML):
New Efficient Set
B
r M
^
Expected
Return, r p
Efficient Set with a RiskFree Asset
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What is the Capital Market
Line?
The Capital Market Line (CML) is all linear combinations of the riskfree
asset and Portfolio M
Portfolios below the CML are inferior
The CML defines the new efficient set.
All investors will choose a portfolio on the CML.
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r p = r RF +
Slope Intercept
^
p
r M - r RF
^
M
Risk measure
The CML Equation
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What does the CML tell us?
The expected rate of return on any
efficient portfolio is equal to the riskfree rate plus a risk premium
The optimal portfolio for any investor is the point of tangency between the CML and the investor’s indifference curves
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r RF
M
Risk, p
I 1
R = Optimal Portfolio
r R
r M
R
^
^
Expected
Return, r p
Capital Market Line
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What is the Security Market Line (SML)?
The CML gives the risk/return
relationship for efficient portfolios
The Security Market Line (SML), also part of the CAPM, gives the risk/return relationship for individual stocks
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The SML Equation
The measure of risk used in the SML is the beta coefficient of company i, bi
The SML equation:
ri = rRF + (RPM) bi
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How are betas calculated?
Run a regression line of past returns on Stock i versus returns on the market
The regression line is called the
characteristic line
The slope coefficient of the
characteristic line is defined as the beta coefficient
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CAPM:
r i = r RF + (r M - r RF )b i
r i = 6.8% + (6.3%)(0.9)
= 12.47%
CAPM Required Return for Stock i