difficulties in translation of economic and trade terminologies from english into vietnamese for juniors of faculty of english in thuongmai u

This thesis aims to point out the difficulties in translation ofeconomic and trade terminologies from English into Vietnamese for juniors of faculty of English in Thuongmai University..

The world is slowly turning into a global village; borders that once stoodbetween cultures now serve as bridges of diversity between people of different racesand ethnicities At the forefront of this change is the English language, which hasbecome the global medium of communication This modern renaissance of humaninteraction has facilitated economic and trade booms and English is the main languageused in this field This thesis aims to point out the difficulties in translation ofeconomic and trade terminologies from English into Vietnamese for juniors of faculty

of English in Thuongmai University It provides useful theory and information as well

as typical examples related to this field In addition, the thesis also gives somesuggests to help translators in general and students in particular know some commonstrategies to deal with technical terms when they encounter problems

In the process of completing this graduation paper, I have received a great deal ofhelp, advice, guidance and encouragement from many teachers, friends and my family

It is my great pleasure I have got

First of all, I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Vu ThiThanh Hoa, MA for her constant support, various materials, precious advice andvaluable comments on draft chapters to complete this study This would not have beenpossible without her supports

Besides, I would like to extend my sincere thanks to Thuongmai University forproviding us professional learning environment and facilities as well as all the teachers

in Faculty of English for their useful lessons, teaching, guidance, experience sharingwith the kind heart and whole-hearted instruction and giving enthusiasm, sympathies

to lift us to be better ones as we are today

Especially, I am proud of my family and friends They are always beside, supportand encourage me throughout this study I wishfully send the deepest gratitude to all ofefforts, support me to complete this graduation paper

Finally, it is an honor for me to extend my regards to all those who kindly gavetheir advice and supported me If there are not these helps, I could not complete mygraduation paper successfully All your help and support are motive power for me tofinish this study

Hanoi, April 24th 2018

Student Nguyen Thi Ha

TABLE OF CONTENT

ABSTRACT i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii

TABLE OF CONTENT iii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS v

LIST OF TABLES AND CHARTS vi

TABLE vi

CHART vi

CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY 1

1.1 Rationale 1

1.2 Previous studies 2

1.3 Aims of the study 3

1.4 Research Subjects 3

1.5 Scope of the study 4

1.6 Research methodology 4

1.7 Organization of the study 6

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 8

2.1 Definition of translation 8

2.2 Translation methods 8

2.2.1 Word-for-word translation 9

2.2.2 Literal translation 9

2.2.3 Faithful translation 9

2.2.4 Semantic translation 10

2.2.5 Adaptation 10

2.2.6 Free translation 10

2.2.7 Idiomatic translation 11

2.3 Translation equivalence 11

2.3.1 Definition of translation equivalence 11

2.3.2 Types of equivalence 11

2.4 Terminology and its main characteristics 12

2.4.1 Definition of terminology 12

2.4.2 Main characteristics of terminology 12

2.5 The distinction between terms and words 14

2.6 Economics and trade terminology 15

2.6.1 Definition of economics and trade 15

2.6.2 Language in economic and trade sector 15

2.6.3 Role of terminology in economic and trade translation 16

2.6.4 Classification of Economic and trade terminology 16

2.6.5 Neologisms 18

2.6.6 Phrase 19

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH FINDINGS 20

3.1 Translation situation 20

3.2 Difficulties when translating economic and trade terminology 21

3.3 Common mistakes when translating economic and trade terminology 24

3.3.1 Translation out of context 24

3.3.2 Not translating in an appropriate style 26

3.3.3 Skipping key words in source language when translating process 27

CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDATION SUGGESTS 29

4.1 Learning vocabulary 29

4.2 Gaining more knowledge of economy and trade 30

4.3 Popular strategies and procedure to dealing with economic and trade terminologies 30

4.3.1 Translation by using unrelated words 30

4.3.2 Translation by using loan word 31

4.3.3 Shift or transposition translation 33

CONCLUSION 34

REFERENCES

APPENDIX

QUESTIONS USED IN RESEARCH PROCESS:

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

LIST OF TABLES AND CHARTS

CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY

1.1 Rationale

Viet Nam - a country, which is improving everyday, changing itself vigorously tointegrate global economy, has stepped in industrialization and modernization Takingpart in many economic communities is chance as well as a challenge Thus, updatingfinancial information, technological advantages, global trading is an essentialfoundation for researching, building manufacture and business strategy as well as aguideline for future development orientation, which every enterprise needs to do togain profit It will be a huge advantage for enterprises in such a hard competitionbusiness environment if they can catch up with these economic and political events,which can affect the worldwide finance-trade industry That is the reason why Englishbecomes an important tool to get these events and information while there are morethan 60 countries use English as the main language besides their mother tongues, andnearly 100 countries use it as the second language We have established the economicand trade relations with a lot of countries Successful economic and trade cooperationrequires many factors, of which mutual understanding is the most importance.Therefore, the translation of economic and trade documents plays an important roleand is of the greatest concern However, the translation from English into Vietnamese

or vice versa is a big challenge, because of the difference between English andVietnamese languages and culture Especially, in economic and trade field, thetranslation of its documents in general and terminology in particular is not a simpletask because of their fully specific terminology Moreover, economic and tradecooperation among different countries in the world is increasing, to become a goodtranslator is not only the interest of many people but mine However, I often meetmany difficulties as well as challenges in translation process because of the linguisticdifferences between the two language systems and the most noticeable difficulty is theproblem of how to deal with non-equivalence and equivalence economic and tradeterminology Therefore, with the hope of helping translators, as well as myselfparticularly, students who have just graduated begin to step out the universityenvironment and have orientation to become future translators in economic and trade

terminology from English into Vietnamese Hopefully, it can help translators enhancetheir translation skills after reading.

to be considered when discussing translation The paper is an overview of the history

of translation studies, of the errors and difficulties in translating text and of theconsequences of errors in professional translation, with applications to the economicfield And last but not least it is an approach to the differences between languages,regarding issues of word meaning, multi word items that can hinder comprehension forthose who have embarked upon the difficult task of translation

Seguinot, C Interpreting errors in translation Meta, 35,page 68.

“Translation of economic texts: challenges and limitations”

This study is about the most common errors in translation It provides thecharacteristics of economic terminology as well as long sentences From thesecharacteristics, then suggest some translation strategies to help translators to translatecorrectly but keep the loyalty with the source language

"Errors in translation mostly result from the non-equivalence between the source and the target languages” Baker, 1992

The study of Le Thi Hanh in Hai Phong Private university, 2015, “A study on

translation of economic and trade terminology from English into Vietnamese”

Reviewing the theoretical issues relating to translation, translation methods,translation equivalence and terminology, its definition and main characteristics Notonly the overview of translation history by some famous translators ago but also by thepractical view of Vietnamese students

Knowledge like the ocean, every day we can learn and gain for ourselves Theseprevious studies have gave me a chance to open my eyes and built a great foundationabout theoretical background, from which I can research and investigate deeply into

my main issue to complete my paper

1.3 Aims of the study

The study on the translation of basic economic and trade terminology aims tofigure out an overview on translation strategies and procedures, which are commonlyused in translation of economic and trade terminology In detail:

 Point out some difficulties, which usually appear in translation process

 Reviewing the theoretical issues relating to translation, translation methods,translation equivalence and terminology, its definition and main characteristics

 Point out the linguistic difference between two language systems, which createthe difficulty in translation process

 Collecting and presenting common English terminology in economic and tradesector

 Providing their Vietnamese equivalences or expressions

 Finding out the translation strategies and procedures applied in the translation

of economic and trade terminology from English into Vietnamese

Regarding to Junior in Faculty of English in Vietnamese university ofCommerce, my study of “Difficulty in translation of economic and trade terminologyfrom English into Vietnamese” will let them to realize the reason why it is difficult,based on the deep understanding in the language systems and classification ofterminology to translate as well as learn some strategies to translate correctly I hope

my study can help translator to understand, avoid mistake, and know how to deal withdifficulty when facing with economic and trade terminology Therefore, it will be afoundation for 3-year students to be good translators in the future together with the factthat they might able to read and update worldwide information correctly and easily.And for me, acting as a translator in my company, this study will let me know moreabout the difficulty that the others are facing with and be more confident in translatingprocess

1.4 Research Subjects

 The main research subject of the study is the difficulty in translation ofeconomic and trade terminology from English into Vietnamese To find out thecommon difficulty as well as the reason for this situation

The research object is the Junior of Faculty of English in Thong Mai University.

I focus on 3-year students in Faculty of English in Thong Mai University because theyusually face with economic and trade terminology in translating process, which causemany difficulties and errors To help them have better understanding and suggest somestrategies for translating process is the main purpose of the study

1.5 Scope of the study

Terminology is various in different fields such as commerce and business,market, economic laws, insurance, investment, shares and securities, etc However, it isimpossible for me to carry out study on them, due to limitation of time and myknowledge In my study and work process, recognizing that economic and tradeterminology plays an important role in Business Management and Foreign Trade field,especially in the renovation period of our country Therefore, the major aspects of theinvestigation are translation and popular translation strategies being applied ineconomic and trade terminology from English into Vietnamese In detail, I concentrate

on 3-year students in Faculty of English in VCU who usually find that it is hard totranslate these terminologies into Vietnamese

1.6 Research methodology

As this study is carried out for the sake of translation of economic and tradeterminologies from English into Vietnamese, the quantitative method is applied I haveimplemented this study with the support sources from economic and trade books anddictionaries, internet and other references Then, from the collected data I will analyze

to find out some difficulties and common mistakes, which are usually made by junior

in Faculty of English in Thuongmai University

1.6.1 Questionnaire

A questionnaire is a set of questions typically used for research purposes whichcan be both qualitative as well as quantitative in nature A questionnaire may or maynot be delivered in the form of a survey, but a survey always consists of questionnaire

A questionnaire used in quantitative research asks more closed ended questions withrestricted options to answer

There are some types of questionnaire, however I chose to use the questionnairesthat measure factors incorporated into a scale like those about individual identities anddifferent attributes, index and traits

Here are some advantages and disadvantages of questionnaires in my researchprocess:

 Disadvantages:

 It’s hard to convey feelings and emotions when using online questionnaire Asurvey questionnaire cannot fully capture emotional responses or the feelings of therespondents Conducting online questionnaire without administering the questionnaireface – to – face, there is no way to observe facial expression, reactions or bodylanguage

 Questionnaires are not always the best way to gather information Forexample, if there is little previous information on a problem, a questionnaire may onlyprovide limited additional insight If the right response is not among the choice ofanswers, the investigators will obtain little or no valid information

 Respondents may have a hidden agenda Another setback of questionnaires isthe varying responses to questions Respondents sometimes misunderstand ormisinterpret questions If this is the case, it will be very hard to correct these mistakesand collect missing data in a second round

 Some questions are difficult to analyze

1.6.2 Secondary data

Secondary data is research data that has previously been gathered and can beaccessed by researchers The term contrasts with primary data, which is data collecteddirectly from its source

Secondary data is used to increase the sampling size of research studies and isalso chosen for the efficiency and speed that comes with using an already existingresource Secondary data facilitates large research projects, in which many researchgroups working in tandem collect secondary data

Here are some advantages and disadvantages of secondary data method:

Advantages:

 The biggest advantage of using secondary data is economics Someone elsehas already collected the data, so the researcher does not have to devote money, time,energy and resources to this phase of research

 A second major advantage of using secondary data is the breadth of data available.This allows researchers to look at trends and changes of phenomenon over time

 A third important advantage of using secondary data is that the data collectionprocess often maintains a level of expertise and professionalism that may not bepresent with individual researchers or small research projects

Disadvantages:

 A major disadvantage of using secondary data is that it may not answer theresearcher’s specific research questions or contain specific information that theresearcher would like to have It also may not have been collected in the geographicregion or during the years desired, or the specific population that the researcher isinterested in studying

 Another significant disadvantage of using secondary data is that theresearcher doesn't know exactly how the data collection process was done and howwell it was carried out

1.7 Organization of the study

1.7.1 Chapter 1: Overview of the study

The first chapter is the overview of the study, consists of rationale of the study,aims of the study, previous study, scope of the study, methods of the study andorganization of the study

The first chapter is the theoretical background with definitions of translation,translation methods, translation Equivalence, main knowledge on English for SpecialPurposes (ESP) in translation and terminology along with the distinction betweenterms and word

1.7.2 Chapter 2: Literature review

The second chapter is the theoretical background with definitions of translation,translation methods, translation equivalence, main knowledge on terminology and itsmain characteristics in translation as well as terminology along with the distinction

between terms and word.

This chapter is also about the economic and trade terminology, including of itsdefinition, language in economic and trade sector, the role of terminology in economicand trade translation, together with classification of economic and trade terminology

1.7.3 Chapter 3: Research findings

After collecting data, analyzing data, then find out some popular mistakes andcommon difficulties often made in translating process and the reason why thesemistakes are often made

1.7.4 Chapter 4: Recommendation suggests

From the analyzing in previous chapters, suggest some popular strategies andprocedure applied in translating process to help translators deal with economic andtrade terminologies much easier

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

- Cartford considers as follows: “Translation is the replacement of text material

of this language (SL) with text material of another (TL)”: Cartford.(1965) “Alinguistic theory of translation” p.20

- Hartman and Stork believes that: “Translation is the replacement of arepresentation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in asecond language”- in “Dictionary of language and linguistics”, London, 1972

- By Roger T Bell: “ Translation is the expression in another language (targetlanguage) of what has been expressed in one language (source language), preservingsemantic and stylistic equivalencies”- in “Translation and translating”, Longman,London, 1991

According to Wikipedia, translation is claimed: “Translation is the interpreting ofthe meaning of a text and the subsequent production of an equivalent text, likewisecalled a translation that communicates the same message in another language The text

to be translated is called the source text, and the language that it is to be translated into

is called the target language; the final product is sometimes called the target text.”

It is clear that the above definitions given by different linguists from differentcontexts, share common features of emphasizing the importance of finding closestequivalence in meaning with similar characteristics to the original by the choice ofappropriate target language’s lexical and grammatical structures

2.2 Translation methods

For learners of English, there are different approaches to translation with variousmethods For a number of definitions of translation given above, we can see that the

understanding of translation varies from one to another The central problem oftranslating is whether to translate literally or freely It all depends on some factors such

as the purpose of the translation, the nature of readership and the text types As stated

by Peter Newmark (1988:45) there are eight methods of translation

2.2.1 Word-for-word translation

This is the type of translation that English learners are likely to take up in theprocess of mastering their translation skills In word-for-word translation, the sourcelanguage word order is preserved and the words are singly translated by their mostcommon meanings, out of context Cultural words are literally translated The mainuse of this method is either to understand the mechanics of the source language or toconstrue a difficult text as pre-translation process

As pre-translation process, it indicates problems to be solved

For example:

I tried for a moment to see the situation through her eyes

Translation: Tôi đã thử một lần cố nhìn nhận tình huống theo cách nhìn của cô ta

2.2.3 Faithful translation

This method tries to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the originalwithin the constraint of the TL grammatical structures It transfers cultural words andpreserves the degree of grammatical and lexical deviation from SL norms It attempts

to be completely faithful to the intentions and the text-realization of the SL writer

For example:

Whoever wants to hurt her shall first go over my corpse

Đứa nào muốn đụng tới cô ấy thì bước qua xác tao đã

2.2.4 Semantic translation

Semantic translation differs from faithful translation only in as far as it must takemore account of the aesthetic value of the SL text, compromising on “meaning” whereappropriate so that no assonance, word-play or repetition jars in finished version It doesnot rely on cultural equivalent and makes very small concession to the readership While

“faithful” translation is dogmatic, semantic translation more flexible

“Below the bridge runs the current pure and clear

And there the grass grows soft, by the bridge.”

“Ngồi đầu cầu nước trong như lọc

Đường bên cầu cỏ mọc còn non.”

2.2.6 Free translation

Free translation is the translation, which is not close to the original, but thetranslation just transmits meanings of the SL in her/his own words It reproduces thematter without the manner, or the content without the form of the original Usually it is

a paraphrase much longer than the original Therefore, the advantage is that the text in

TL sounds more natural On the contrary, the disadvantage is that translating is toocasual to understand the original because of its freedom

2.2.7 Idiomatic translation

Idiomatic translation is concerned with communicating the meaning of the sourcetext using the natural grammatical and lexical items of the target language Idiomatictranslation is used for colloquialism and idioms whose literalism is the translation bywhich the translator does not transfer the literalism of the original, uses the translation

of colloquialism and idioms

For example:

He carries fire in one hand and water in the other

Vừa ăn cướp vừa la làng

2.3 Translation equivalence

2.3.1 Definition of translation equivalence

Translational equivalence is the similarity between a word (or expression) in onelanguage and its translation in another This similarity results from overlapping ranges

 Wayne Leman (Wordpress.com) shares: “Translation equivalence existsbetween forms in a source language and a target language if theirs meaning matches

In other words, translation equivalence should answer the question “What do thespeakers of this language actually say to express the desired meaning?”

2.3.2 Types of equivalence

There are many kinds of classification It depends on the translators and the way

of their analysis The following types are common types of equivalence and useful fortranslators:

Formal correspondence “focuses attention on the message itself, in both form

and content”, while dynamic equivalence is based upon “the principle of equivalenteffect” Formal correspondence consists of a TL item which represents the closestequivalent of a SL word or phrase and is not always formal equivalents between

if the translation aims at achieving formal rather than dynamic equivalence However,the uses of formal equivalents in the translation will lead the target audience uneasily

to understand and might at times have serious implications

Dynamic equivalence is defined as a translation principle according to which a

translator seeks to translate the meaning of the origin in such a way that the TLwording will trigger the same impact on the TC audience as the original wording didupon the ST audience

2.4 Terminology and its main characteristics

Nguyen Thien Giap believes: “Terminology is a section of special lexis of alanguage It consists of fixed words and groups of words which are accurate names ofconcepts and subjects belonging to different specialized fields of human beings.” It isclear that though these definitions are given at different times and from differentsituations, they all share the common characteristics of terminology Terminologyplays an important role in showing the development of science and technology,business, commerce… of that society

2.4.2 Main characteristics of terminology

As a special unit in the lexical system of language, terminology has its owndistinctive features According to many linguists, terminology should have thefollowing qualities: accurateness, systematism, internationalism, nationalism andpopularity The above characteristics are general characteristics of terminologies Theyall are the vital principles in the creation and existence of terminologies in all sectorssuch as science and technology, economic and trade sector, business, technique… theeconomic and trade terminology includes all these characteristics

2.4.2.1 Accurateness

The first quality of terminology is accurateness, that is, it expresses a scientificconcept or definition concretely and precisely so that it can help to avoid themisunderstanding one concept for another It is necessary for each term in a typicalprofessional scale, denotes only one concept in that system The meaning of a term isnormally the combination of linguistic signals not only the sum of its component’smeanings Luu Van Lang (1977) claimed that each linguistic signal poses one basicnuclear meaning and vice versa a concept also has a typical linguistic signal in aconcrete situation Newmark (1998) also said that concept-words are notorious fortheir different meanings in various technologies Therefore, when a term is created in aspecific field, it is necessary to take into account its homophone or synonymywhichare often seen in linguistics It is advisable to bear in mind the one-to- one equivalentbetween a concept and a term in the translation of terminology

2.4.2.2 Systematism

As a part of a language, each term has its own position in the system of conceptsand belongs to a terminological system Each term requires its meaning in therelationship with other terms in its system Once separated from its system andmeaning in vague, therefore, systematism is seen as one of the most 20 importantfeatures of terminology There is the difference in viewpoints of the characteristics ofterminology among terminologists Some say the typical characteristic of terminology

is the systematic formation, while others claim that it is the feature of content.However, it is the combination of both content and expression form It is impossible toseparate a concept from the system to make a term but it determines its position in thesystem Generally in economic field in and particularly in economic and trade contract

or document, it is easy for us to realize this characteristic by the using suffixes toindicate position of people who play role in those documents In economic and tradeterminologies, theirs suffixes –or,-ee, -er, -ist” are used to indicate people

2.4.2.3 Internationalism

As mentioned above, terminologies are special words expressing commonscientific concepts, which are together with the development, cooperation andscientific Technological exchanges among countries throughout the world, terms are

different languages so as to make the international science develop faster… Based onthe criteria of terminology, each language may require other principles in accordancewith its culture As a result of this process, there are exists a number of terms beinginternationalized in different languages namely medicine (names of illness, medicine,physic, telecom…) and especially in business and commerce such as economic andtrade acronyms

2.4.2.4 Nationalism

The term is obviously special linguistic unit of a language used in specificprofession; it clearly belongs to national language As a result, terminologies inVietnam should be imbued with Vietnamese culture and characteristics of Vietnameselanguage They should be appropriate to Vietnamese people from the lexicology to thegrammatical composition As talked above, it is affected by the acceptance languageand culture when translating terms Therefore, in economic and trade documents, someterms when is translated into Vietnamese, they will be translated under the Vietnameseculture and characteristic of Vietnamese language

In economic and trade sector, this characteristic creates the consistent in usage

2.5 The distinction between terms and words

To distinguish between terms and word, we should need to know the definition

of each

A word is a set of letters that when modified and combined according to laws ofgrammar (syntax) may constitute a sentence, an imperative or other aspect oflanguage Most often words are terms, because they provide meaning (throughrepresentation) and hence our understanding

A term is a word that has meaning (semantics) and most often refers to objects,ideas, events or a state of affair A term is (in addition to being a word) a point ofreference, whereas a word is only a constituent of language Hence, all terms arewords, but only some words can be terms A term refers to something, either abstract

or concrete Because a term refers to something (e.g object, event, relation) itrepresents that something Terms can easily be spotted if they can be associated withother terms, hence forming a set of terms - a terminology Thus, to spot the differencebetween a term and a word requires that the term represent something It is necessary

to distinguish between terms and word Baker (1998) claims that: “Terms differ fromwords in that they are endowed with a special form of reference, namely that they refer

to discrete conceptual entities, properties, activities or relations which constitute theknowledge space of a particular subject field” Despite the distinction between termsand words mentioned above, the boundary between them is not a clear cut, as manyterms become ordinary words when they are closed to daily life and used with highfrequency, and many words become terms when they are used in specialized field

2.6 Economics and trade terminology

2.6.1 Definition of economics and trade

Economics and trade is a social science subject which studies on the relationship

of economics, regulations and economic category and exists in the field of goodscirculation It primarily studies how economic partners interact with each other whileexchanging commodities Included in this analysis is the role played by the quantity ofcommodities belonging to each partner and the effects of protectionist measures such

as tariffs Besides, it also studies the effect of international trade upon the marketswithin individual countries; this includes the increasing globalization of products andservices Specific objects of study include unemployment and manufacturing rates, aswell as the availability of labor

2.6.2 Language in economic and trade sector

A language is considered to be a system of communicating with other peopleusing sounds, symbols and words in expressing a meaning, idea or thought Primarilythere is a distinction between one language and another; usually it may be throughcountry boundaries, population culture, demographics and history Each countrythrough combinations of blending cultures, environment and other factors has evolvedtheir own unique style of a language And the most popular language is English, which

is used in many fields, such as: science and technology communicating, marketing,business etc, especially in economic and trade Sector – a sector plays important role

Economic and Trade sector are not only relating to Economics and Trade but alsoscience, marketing Many terminologies can be used with the same meaning withother fields However, there are some special technical terminologies that only makesense in the 24 context of economic and trade sector Therefore, to translate theseidiomatically, we should be aware of the language base and the knowledge about trade(commerce), business, economics and other relevant aspects

2.6.3 Role of terminology in economic and trade translation

Terminology plays an important role in translating process, the classic example

of someone in need of terminology is a translator Terminology helps translatorsremain consistent in usage of terms Terminologies are divided according to group orsectors as: science and technology, culture and politics, economics and trade,marketing It will create facilities for translators or users to translate Thanks toterminology, documents, files in economic and trade sector as economic contract,reports or minutes, etc… are translated in the right way and made successfully ineconomic and trade cooperation among companies, factories, enterprises andcountries It contributes to create successfully in cooperation of economic and tradesector in general and the development of countries in particular

2.6.4 Classification of Economic and trade terminology

2.6.4.1 Single terminology

 Single terminology in the form of Noun

Economic and trade terminologies in the form of noun are various and broadly used inthis sector And the nouns are formed by the help of suffixes such as “er”, “or”, “y”, “ance”,

“tion” The below table includes a list of nouns which belong to this type: