In addition to the introduction and conclusions, the thesis is structured into 03 chapters as follows: Chapter 1 General issues about the market risk management of commercial banks; Chapter 2 Market risk management in Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade; Chapter 3 Solutions to improving ability of the market risk management at Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade.
Trang 1AND TRAINING VIETNMAM
THE BANKING ACADEMY
HOANG XUAN PHONG HOANG XUAN PHONG
MARKET RISK MANAGEMENT
AT VIETNAM JOINT STOCK COMMERCIAL BANK FOR INDUSTRY AND TRADE
FIELD OF RESEARCH: FINANCE – BANKING
CODE: 62.34.02.01
SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION
Trang 2Instructors: 1. Assoc. Prof., PhD. To Ngoc Hung
2. PhD. Hoang Viet Trung Opponent 1:
Opponent 2:
Opponent 3:
The doctoral dissertation has been defended to the institutional level Jury at The Banking Academy
At: ………… of………April 2014
The thesis can be found at the library of The Banking Academy and National Library of Vietnam.
Trang 41. The necessity of the project
After the access into the World Trade Organization (WTO), the integration degree of Vietnam into the global economy has become increasingly deep and wide. The world integration can bring to the banks
in Vietnam with opportunities to learn, to acquire administration experiences as well as make full use of advanced technologies, to diversify products and services from countries with developed economies. However, the integration also raises many difficulties and challenges, of which the incalculable challenge for local banks is the force of risks in the business together with increasingly complex market factors, which have been liberated and appear more and more complex natures. It is because that: the higher the diversification of banking and financial products, the more the risk level is growing; the financial environment has changed constantly and is hard to be controlled and this
is very likely to cause the domino reaction Meanwhile, Vietnam's commercial banks have still lacked practical experiences, been perplexed
in operating and controlling the activities of currency trading. Therefore,
in parallel with the comprehensive development goals, the good market risk management to create a stable business environment is now a great pressure over all commercial banks in Vietnam
In that context, studying and managing the market risk to minimize the losses for commercial banks is a very important issue with theoretical and practical pressing significance both on the global level and in each country From the late 2002, to further enhance the tolerance of commercial banks against bad situations in business operations, as well
as to ensure the safety of the system, the Commission on Banking
Trang 5Supervision headquartered in Basel has issued regulations to standardize the market risk management. Since then now, the tools and methods of quantifying the values with market risks have been improved and continuously invested.
In recent years, Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade has adopted a number of policies on minimizing the market risks in order to be able to stand strongly in the competition and determined to implement its strategies of building Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade into a powerful financial conglomerate of Vietnam, the region and the world. However, under the current volatile economic environment conditions, interest rates and exchange rates , which have been changing constantly and unpredictably at various times, have brought considerable damages to the bank Also, due to lacking experiences, comprehensive views, socioeconomic conditions, and the application of market risk management standards in accordance with current international standards into activities of the commercial banks in Vietnam in general and of Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade in particular is a very difficult issue and should be further discussed and clarified.
From the theoretical and practical issues, I have choose the
project titled: “ Market risk management at Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade” in order to study and
defend my doctoral dissertation.
2. Research situation
So far, there have been many scientific research projects regarding the risk management at commercial banks such as Hennie van Greuing and Sonia Brajovic Bratanovic with the research named “ANALYZING AND MANAGING BANKING RISK” 2003. In their research, authors have mainly demonstrated the method of quantifying the market risks
Trang 6with the Value At Risk (VAR) techniques. Methods of calculating VAR include: Historical Method, The VarianceCovariance Method and Monte Carlo Simulation. Currently, there has been no project on the indepth research of this issue in Vietnam, however, it should mention the
master thesis of Du Thi Minh “Managing exchange rate risk in forex trading operations at Military BankActual situations and solutions”,
2012, The Banking Academy; “Solutions to managing interest rate risk
at Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development” – the
economic doctoral dissertation of the author Do Thi Kim Hao2005.
In general, researches on market risk management at commercial banks in a comprehensive manner is very limited The sectorlevel scientific research project on "Methods of managing market risk at commercial banks in Vietnam", PhD. Pham Huy Hung coded KNH2008
02, 2010 is one of the most comprehensive research projects to date on the contents of market risk management in Vietnam. However, research objectives of the project focus on several methods of quantifying market risk and applying the above methods of quantifying for the commercial bank system in Vietnam
Most of research projects in Vietnam have not yet accessed to the comprehensive market risk management at commercial banks in an overall manner, including interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk, not combined theoretical issues with practical operations in order to clarify the basic objectives and contents of the market risk management, generally researching methods for quantifying market risks; previous researches have not raised complete solutions, overall recommendations from models, procedure of market risk management, methods employed for administrating, forecasting market movements especially associated with the specific conditions of Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade.
Trang 7Therefore, it can be confirmed that the thesis titled “ Market risk management at Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade” is the first doctoral dissertation which has systematically and
comprehensively studied contents of market risk management at banks as theoretical basis for assessing the actual situation and proposing solutions
to improving capacities of market risk management at Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade
3. Dissertation objectives
On the basis of clarifying the general theoretical issues about market risk, methods of identifying, measuring and controlling market risk, the system of market risk management softwares at commercial banks; analyzing and evaluating the status quo of the market risk management in Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade; the thesis proposed solutions to improving market risk management ability at Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade in accordance with international practices
5. Research methodologies
Method of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, logical method, statistical and synthesic methods, other methods such as:
comparative, inductive, deductive moethods.
Trang 8The dissertation systematizes, clarifies theories on market risk management in the context of world economic integration and increasing competitive pressures in the business activities of commercial banks; introducing basic contents about market risk (within the scope: interest rate risk and exchange rate risk) of commercial banks Especially, the thesis has suggested ways of building a standardized system about market risk management at commercial banks from model, procedure and policy of market risk management; stating experiences about market risk management at some foreign commercial banks and drawn lessons for Vietnam.Based on surveyed information, practical materials, the thesis has introduced the overview about Vietinbank, analyzing the status quo of the market risk management at Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade, pointing out basic successes and shortcomings, weakness and causes of market risk management of the Bank as the basis for proposing innovation solutions, completing the market risk management of Vietinbank in the coming time
The dissertation has recommended 06 systems of solutions appropriate to the conditions of Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade from building the risk management framework in accordance with international standards; building, completing policy on market risk management; completing model, procedure, methods and tools of market risk management ; solutions to enhance modern technical equipments, set up risk management softwares; strengthening the predictabilities to training to the staff of officials in charge of market risk management to better implement the market risk management of Vietinbank market risk in the future
7. The dissertation structure
In addition to the introduction and conclusions, the thesis is structured into 03 chapters as follows:
Trang 9Chapter 1: General issues about the market risk management of commercial banks
Chapter 2: Market risk management in Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade
Chapter 3: Solutions to improving ability of the market risk management at Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade
Trang 10OF COMMERCIAL BANKS1.1. Market risk in operations of commercial banks
1.1.1. The concept of market risk
The market risks may be defined as the possibility of loss to the bank cause by the changes in market variables. It is the risk that the value of on/ of balance sheet positions will be adversely effeced by the movements in equity and interest rate markets, currency exchange rates and commodity prices, or risks for earnings and capital of the bank due
to changes in the market level of interest rates, prices of securities, foreign exchange and equities as well as the volatilities of those prices .1.1.2. Types of the market risks
In general, the market risk includes interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk, securities risk and commodity risk.
1.1.2.1. Interest rate risk
a. The concept of the interest rate risk
The interest rate risk at commercial banks is potential losses which the bank shall bear when the market interest rate fluctuates The interest rate risk is the risk of fluctuations in income and net value of the bank when the market interest rate changes.
b. Types of interest rate risks:
The interest rate risk consists of three types: Outright Risk, Yield Curve Risk and Basic Risk
c. Effects of the interest rate risk
It affects the earning perspective of the bank
It also has effects over the market value of assets
Trang 11a. The concept of the exchange rate risk
Foreign exchange risk is the current or future risk potential on income and capital due to adverse fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Foreign exchange risk in this thesis consists mainly of exchange rate risk
is under the currency exchange risk when maintaining the open foreign exchange position (open position).
1.1.3. Market risk quantification
According to the latest updated theories, the market risk quantification can be applied in accordance with four methods and basic criteria: (1) consequences of risks and (2) the probability of risks. Consequences and probability of risks are of two levels from the low to the high. With the two above criteria, the market risk quantification can
Trang 121.2.1. Concepts
The market risk management at commercial banks are the measures, operations affecting market risk, including measuring, identifying, monitoring, controlling market risks of banks in order to minimize possible negative effects on the bank's earnings in the event of the market changes. In the aspect of operations, the market risk management is the application of financial instruments to limit or minimize financial loss caused by market risks.
1.2.2. Objectices of the market risk management
1.2.2.1. Minimizing losses for the bank
One of the important objectives in the market risk management is to limit, to the maximum extent, any adverse effect of fluctuations in interest rates and exchange rates over the bank's income Although interest rates, exchange rates change, banks always want to achieve their expected incomes at a relatively stable level
1.2.2.2. Increasing profits for the bank
In addition to minimizing losses caused by market risks, the bank can maximize its profits with the correct predictions about the volatility of interest rates, exchange rates in future
1.2.3. Contents of the market risk management
1.2.3.1. The risk management model
The standard risk management model can be referred and applied as follows:
Trang 13Source: Consultation documents of ING
The bank needs to build a model of risk management in accordance with business scale and features. However, in the modern business model there is still a clear bound of duty among three departments: business, risk management and operation in order to support and monitor each other
1.2.3.2. Market risk management policy
Market risk management policy is a system of limitations and documents on risk activities for the entire bank Effective risk management rule needs to start with the highest level, which is the functions implemented by the Board of Directors and Executive Board
1.2.3.3. Process of monetary risk management
a. Risk identification
Commercial banks need to set up a market risk management system to identify all the market risk source as well as to evaluate the fluctuation of interest, exchange rate… to the bank’s operation scope, to recognize and quantify the sources that cause the risks for the bank
b. Risk measurement:
The bank can apply the market risk measurement techniques for both profit and economic values. Nowadays market risk measurement or quantification can be carried out by 4 methods: (1) Interest rate gap (2) Interest rate sensitivity
Trang 14to monitor current and potential risks to ensure the consistence with the proposed target They also should set up and maintain an effective controlling system. They need to check and update each step of the quantification process to guarantee the honesty and reasonability.
1.2.3.4. Limit management
The market risk management limits include: Opening positions; Stoploss limits; Total book Limits; Counterparty Limits; Interest rate gaps limits, interest rate sensitivity Limits; Value at risk limits (VaR)
1.2.3.5. Using derivative products to avoid market risk
We use derivative tools to change the risks. These derivatitve tools are: interest rate forward contract, foreign currency forward contract; interest rate swap, foreign currency swap; foreign currency option, interest rate option; future contracts
1.2.4. Influential factors of market risk management in commercial banks
Technology, professional qualification; legal environment and financial market development; forecasting system of market, interest and exchange rate
Trang 151.3 EXPERIENCES OF MARKET RISK MANAGEMENT IN SEVERAL FOREIGN BANKS
This thesis works on the experiences of these prestigious banks: KDB (The Korea Development bank) – Korea and Calyon Bank, Ho Chi Minh branch On that basis it abstracts several lessons of market risk management:
The advantages of these two banks’ market risk management methods are: (1) Apply advanced market risk management method, (2) Modern software with high expense, high trustworthy, (3) Methodical and standardized market risk management procedure, (4) market risk management with value at risk is the most popular method in these days
Trang 162.1.1 Establishment and development of Vietnam Joint Stock
Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade
It is a stateowned bank which was founded in 1988, capitalized in
2008. With core product of bank services, Vietinbank has a banking network on the whole nation. The number of staff is above 18.000, which ranks the second of number in Vietnam bank system. Vietinbank is the official member of many prestige organizations
In the process of establishment and development, from a specialized bank, Vietinbank has been through many steps to reinforce its position of
a big stateowned commercial bank in Vietnam
2.1.2. Organizational structure
The organizational structure of Vietinbank is described as below:Chart 2.1. Targeted operational model in period 2013 2015
Source: Vietinbank
2.1.3. Operation ability
2.1.3.1. Capital mobilization ability
It is one of the banks that have strong capital resources. Up until 31/12/2012, mobilized funds amounted to 461 thousand billion VND, increasing 9.4% comparing with 2011 and accounting for 12% banking market shares.