Abstract on literature doctoral thesis: Contribution of the narrative prose Luu Trong Lu period before 1945

Research purposes: Through a survey of the contributions of the narrative prose of Lu Trong Lu in the period before 1945, the thesis aims to a more comprehensive assessment of Luu Trong Lu as a versatile artist, saving the bold mark of I am on many genres of literature. Also through that, the thesis wants to contribute additionally - adjust some evaluation points already on characteristics and achievements of Vietnamese literature in the period 1930 - 1945 based on newly discovered materials - distributed Show and publish.

VINH UNIVERSITY

HO THI THANH THUY

CONTRIBUTION OF THE NARRATIVE PROSE

LUU TRONG LU PERIOD BEFORE 1945

Major: Vietnamese Literature

Code: 9.22.01.21

ABSTRACT ON LITERATURE DOCTORAL THESIS

NGHE AN - 2019

PREAMBLE

1 Reason for choosing the topic

1.1 In modern Vietnamese literature, Luu Trong Lu is considered one of the pioneers

of the new Poetry movement Before the Revolution, besides the famous poems, he also composed a large volume of prose works with 27 short stories, 27 novels While Luu Trong Lu's poetry has been well studied, his narrative prose has not been given adequate attention

To fully understand the contribution of the name of a literary author of Luu Trong Lu, to get

a comprehensive view of the literary picture in general and prose in a period in particular,

we cannot help but care studying the prose of Luu Trong Lu

1.2 In 2011, on the 100th anniversary of Luu Trong Lu's birthday, Lai Nguyen An and

Hoang Minh released a large volume of books with 2 volumes (1145 pages of 16x24 cm size), gathering all short stories and sub-stories Luu Trong Lu's theory (both before and after the Revolution) Reading a system of narrative prose works he wrote, readers deeply felt that the context of quite open composition inspired the exploration and experience of writers Through the works, it is possible to recognize the influence of Western literature, first of all French literature on writers' writing pages Here there are imprints of emotional love, imbued with romanticism Not only that, the actual method, symbolic method of masters of realism, symbolism is also absorbed and applied in a very specific way Because

of this, the study of narrative prose Luu Trong Lu has a meaning to provide a convincing parameter to help us understand the essence of East-West literary exchanges in the Vietnamese literary context is rushing to shift itself towards modernizing, Europeanizing, understanding the role of famous writers before the Revolution like Luu Trong Lu in creating the foundation for a modern and capable Vietnamese literature integration with the world Also through short stories, Luu Trong Lu's novel, the researcher can also detect interference between genres of different types of compositions Thus, going into this topic, the researcher will have the opportunity to see many aspects of literary life in the period of

1930 - 1945, through the creation of a particular author, Luu Trong Lu

1.3 The topic contains the ability to provide data and materials for the study of prose

poetry, especially short stories and novels in Vietnamese literature in a period with many achievements and many artistic styles original In addition, the thesis can provide meaningful literary materials for teaching Vietnamese literature in the period of 1930 - 1945

in high school At the University level, the thesis will be a useful reference for studying the type of narrative prose; studying literary history, specifically the acquisition of lessons from Western literature to bring home literature into the way of modernization in all aspects That is the reason why we study the topic: The contribution of the prose of Luu Trong

Lu narrative period before 1945

2 Research subjects and scope of survey materials

2.1 Research subjects

The research object of the thesis is: The contribution of narrative prose Luu Trong Lu period before 1945

2.2 Scope of survey materials

The scope of the main survey material of the thesis is 27 short stories, 27 of Luu Trong Lu's novels composed before 1945, gathered in Luu Trong Lu, Works - short stories and novels (full set of two volumes), Lao Dong Publishing House, Dong Tay Culture - Language Center, 2011

In order to have an overview of the issue, the thesis also examines the compositions of many authors who are close or different about the trend, the same period or different stages

of composition with Luu Trong Lu

3 Research purposes and research tasks

on newly discovered materials - distributed Show and publish

- Identifying and analyzing the specifics of the aesthetic tendency of the prose of Luu Trong Lu in the relationship with the major aesthetic trends of literature (first of all prose) in the 1930s - 1945

- Clarifying the uniqueness of prose Lu Trong Lu on the subject and image system, in the same comparison with the composition of other writers of the same time

- Point outing, analyzig and evaluating (on the basis of multi-dimensional comparison) the specific types of artistic choices of the prose of Luu Trong Lu before 1945

4 Research Methodology

To implement the topic, we mainly apply the following research methods:

- Method of studying poetics: This method requires first attention to verbal texts (27 short stories, 27 written by Luu Trong Lu before 1945) - an essential condition to help researchers The rescue shows the formality of the object

- Method of structure and system: This is a method to consider the object in the overall view, visualizing each object is a small system of large systems, and in each such system, the medium relationship Stable and variable between structural elements always have special meaning

- Method of type: This method proposes the prose of Lu Trong Lu on the appropriate type

to obtain satisfactory assessment, in accordance with the aesthetic characteristics of the object

- Comparison method: This method requires the researcher to perform both comparisons of a homogeneous nature and the comparative nature of the calendar

- Historical - social method: This method helps the researcher to recognize the object

as a spiritual product of a specific historical age with many complex relationships

5 Contributions of the thesis

The thesis is the first large-scale research project of Luu Trong Lu narrative prose before 1945, after the book of Luu Trong Lu works on short stories and novels (full set of 2 episodes, about 1,500 pages, because Lai Nguyen An - Hoang Minh collects and compiles) published in 2011 With this project, the very important and meaningful contributions of Luu Trong Lu's narrative prose before 1945 are initially identified and analyzed , affirming, through a rich data system, contributing to a more comprehensive assessment of

the author Luu Trong Lu and partly about the diversity of Vietnamese prose in the period

6 Structure of the thesis

In addition to Introduction, Conclusion and Reference, the main content of the thesis consists of 4 chapters:

Chapter 1: Overview of research issues

Chapter 2: The blending of aesthetic tendencies in the prose of Luu Trong Lu before 1945 Chapter 3: Imprint of the prose of Luu Trong Lu's autobiography before 1945 in the

system of topics and symbolic systems Chapter 4: Types of specific artistic choices in the prose of Luu Trong Lu before 1945

Chapter 1

OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS

1.1 Study the theory of narrative prose

1.1.1 Conception prose concept

We use the concept of narrative prose in relative distinctions with lyrical prose Calling relative because the boundary between them is not always obvious When using the concept of narrative prose, of course, the researcher is always conscious of distinguishing it from other types of language products that also use prose form but not for aesthetic purposes, without using fictional forms like Discourse prose and types of text are outside the scope of word art

Narrative prose focuses on describing people and social environment, describing gestures, actions, and language characters The narrative prose is a kind of narrative, having the function of reproducing the "objectivity" of the world, there are always characters, events, actions and conflicts Autobiographical fiction has genres such as short stories, medium stories, novels While in the type of narrative, the narrative prose may still have (even more) lyrical elements, but these factors do not break the narrative nature of narrative prose Of course, there are genres that can stand on the edge of narrative and lyrical such as pen signing, literary writing, literary portraits

1.1.2 Study the theory of foreign authors on narrative prose

This is a very wide field of research, which contains many rich issues, has achieved great achievements Referring to prose, people often think of it as a form of opposition

to poetry, which organizes language as ordinary speech, not governed by "equivalence principle" or rhythm, rhyme Thus, prose can fully exploit the ability to describe the world of words, helping readers visualize specific things and situations; It feels like they're showing up in the eyes of the reader This is the strength of prose poetry that is hard to match

When defining the concept of narrative prose and types of narrative prose, G.N Pospelov in his book "Literary Research Essay" (Episode II) states: "In addition to dividing literature into genre (narrative, lyricism and drama) there is also the division of literature

into poetry and prose In ordinary language, the lyrical work is often identified with poetry, while the narrative is consistent with prose Using such a word is incorrect Each type of literature includes both poetic works (rhymes) and prose (without rhyme) The narrative in the early stages of the development of artistic language is often rhyming (ancient epics, French meritorious songs, Russian casts and histories ) The narrative works written in poetry are also common in modern literature [122, p.12] In the literary genre, both poetry and prose are used, sometimes both in a work [122, p.12] And all kinds of lyrical, mostly written in poetry, but sometimes in prose [122, p.12]

Autobiographical works of prose are the main subjects of a major research industry that

is currently narrative Narratology is a term used by Bulgarian French researcher Tz Todorov proposed in 1969 in the Book of Grammar Story ten days This term makes the study of narrative known by name, leading to the formation of an independent research department, which gradually replaces the theory of fiction that has become too tight Self-learning can be divided into classic self-study (the 60s lasted until the 1980s of the last century) as a pioneer

of French scholars The post-classic period takes place from the 90s of the twentieth century onwards, with many theoretical additions of British, American and French scholars

Acquiring the rich studies of scholars, we used the concept of narrative prose to study the most important prose of Luu Trong Lu, with the understanding that prose fragment is a kind of narrative, towards story telling, narrating people, events, space, time objectively, attached to the author's narrative

1.1.3 Study the theory of domestic authors on narrative prose

For some domestic researchers, prose (including autobiographical prose) is considered one of two forms of literature beside poetry Author Do Duc Hieu in the Literature Dictionary (New Ministry) said: "Literature at any time is diverse It is possible to divide literature in two types (forms) that are poetry and prose, and can also be divided into three categories: narrative, lyrical and dramatic Although there are no absolute boundaries between categories and there are many types of transitions, the basic characteristics of each type are quite definite Each category includes certain categories or genres (for example, the type of narrative includes genres: epics, stories, novels, etc.) Every era or period of literature flourishes various forms of genres ”

To find the concept of prose, some researchers often compare prose with poetry For example, Vuong Tri Nhan in the essay of Pre-war Writer and the Modernization of Literature wrote: "Reading literary dictionaries, people realize that prose and poetry concepts are often written in the world opposites One side is more about life (in many Western languages, prose, proza, prose, when it comes to visualization, it means mediocre), one is biased towards the noble, the transcendent One side told me what to write; the other side said no, my writing is a creative act with its full meaning [ ] Every piece of prose written - no matter fiction, or long story signing - is a story Listening to that story, people imagine a scene there, there are people who work Story telling means that the author creates a miniature world Where the author's voice is like a light beam, the reader follows

it That guy who plays the god always stands a distance away from you, what he knows well But only gradually did he cleverly remove the clue and make things complicated by his disposition become coherent "[106, p.226 - 227]

When discussing the modern narrative prose, author Nguyen Nghia Trong in the article Vietnamese writers in the first half of the twentieth century talked about the autobiography (Self-learning - Tran Dinh Su, editor-in-chief), leading to the judgments

about the narrative of Phan Ke Binh, Nguyen Ba Hoc, Hoang Tich Chu, Pham Quynh,

Vu Dinh Long, Truc Ha, Thieu Son, Le Trang Kieu, Truong Tuu, Hai Trieu, Nhu Phong,

Vu Ngoc Phan, Thach Lam, Vu Bang Nguyen Nghia Trong concludes: "The writers agreed to see the narrative as storytelling, narrative of the incident, describing the action, including the description of the scene, the description of love, the description of the appearance, the interior The narrative full in novels, medium stories, short stories, depending on pen, sign, reportage, story It synthesizes all kinds of prose, diversity, richness However, there is a case of self-criticism The autobiography is growing and has great prospects but always innovates depending on the historical and social circumstances and talents of writers."

All of the theoretical studies reviewed above help us have a reasoning to implement the evaluation of the autobiographical archives of Luu Trong Lu in terms of its type, from which, It can be convincingly pointed out the contribution of this composition to the Vietnamese narrative prose in the period of 1930 - 1945 in particular and the modern Vietnamese narrative prose in general

1.2 Research on the influence of Western literature on the process of modernizing Vietnamese literature in general and Vietnamese narrative prose in particular

1.2.1 Studies published before 1945

In this writing, what we are interested in is the suggestions from the study of the above problem for understanding the characteristics of the Vietnamese narrative prose period from 1930 to 1945 (in which prose prose) Luu Trong Lu) - characteristics formed

in the cultural rubbing and in the literary modernization efforts of contemporary writers, trained from "Western school", while welcoming the wind of writing I still can't stop myself from the distance, but I still can't keep up with the identity and map of Vietnamese culture and literature

After the French colonialists opened fire to invade our country, Vietnamese literature

at the end of the nineteenth century had a deep contact with Western culture and literature through French culture and literature This has been confirmed, by many researchers such as Duong Quang Ham, Thieu Son, Hoai Thanh - Hoai Chan, Vu Ngoc Phan, Kieu Thanh Que

1.2.2 Studies published after 1945

After the August Revolution, the problem of receiving the influence of Western culture and literature in our country is still concerned by researchers In the South, there is Bui Duc Tinh, Pham The Ngu ; In the North, authors like Huynh Ly, Do Duc Hieu, Dang Anh Dao, Dao Duy Hiep and Do Lai Thuy

We find that researchers all recognize the influence of Western literature (through the typical case of French literature) on Vietnamese literature In addition to studying the general effect, researchers also investigated this effect in some specific writers' cases In those faces, there are initial comments on Luu Trong Lu, mainly about his poetry

1.3 The general study of the position of Luu Trong Lu in the general picture of Vietnamese literature before 1945

1.3.1 Research published before 1945

Referring to Luu Trong Lu as a poet, most of the researchers and critics shared the same idea: he was one of the initiators of the new poetry movement In Vietnamese Poets, Hoai Thanh - Hoai Chan critics confirmed the role of mining, paving the way for Luu Trong Lu's new poetry In addition to assessing Luu Trong Lu's role in chanting and cheering for new poetry, the authors also affirmed that he was the one who succeeded in

the first new poems

When studying the narrative prose of Luu Trong Lu before the Revolution, remarks were very sketchy, showing an underestimation of interest in this part of his work The person who made a fuller comment on Luu Trong Lu as a writer is Vu Ngoc Phan, with modern writer However, Vu Ngoc Phan did not appreciate the prose compositions of Luu Trong Lu

1.3.2 Research published after 1945

The study of author Luu Trong Lu still won the attention of researchers after 1945 in both the South and the North In the South, Pham The Ngu in Vietnam, a modernist literary literature, has commented on Luu Trong Lu in two roles as a prose writer and poet of the New Poetry movement The author of Vietnam 's simplified historical literature also concurred with Vu Ngoc Phan when he underestimated the prose of Luu Trong Lu written before the August Revolution in the book of Modern Writers

In the North, the book of Vietnamese Literature in the twentieth century (by Phan Cu

De Editor) generalized the author Luu Trong Lu in the roles: poet, critical theorist, journalist, playwright, person write a memoir Also in this work, the authors also argue that in the debate about new poetry - old poetry, Luu Trong Lu is a vigorous struggle for a free poetry

1.4 In-depth study of the narrative prose section before 1945 by Luu Trong Lu

1.4.1 Research published before 1945 on prose proclamation Luu Trong Lu

In Modern Writer, Vu Ngoc Phan does not appreciate Luu Trong Lu's novel He argued that Luu Trong Lu is "a very mediocre novelist" Because, his novel is only told by

"dull voice", "confidant" story, "manipulative", "flat", "remember to write that", many stories are told as in dream

When discussing Luu Trong Lu's pre-Revolution short story, the author of the Modern Writer led Phan Khoi's praise to the collection of short stories Vu Ngoc Phan disagreed with Phan Khoi's statement and said that Son Nhan was "moved", but "not so good" Next, the author identified the first short story series - The Son - has a good structure but the rest are "mediocre"

Le Trang Kieu has three articles referring to prose Luu Trong Lu In the article "The poet Lu Lu criticized the smoke-free novel" (Hanoi newspaper, No 23, 1936), Le Trang Kieu publicly defended this work by Luu Trong Lu and strongly attacked criticism

"Unscrew" of Luu Trong Lu on the afternoon smoke Continuing on Hanoi newspaper (No

24, 1936), Le Tràng Kieu published the article "Critics of the afternoon smoke" In this article, the critic cites colleagues' compliments of the afternoon-smoky novel, unanimously evaluating this as "A love affair full of romance and romanticism, the romance of female Geogre Sand, it seeped into a soul of a somber and gloomy man, a nostalgic one

1.4.2 Research published after 1945 on the prose of Luu Trong Lu in the period before the Revolution

In the book Luu Trong Lu - About the author and work, Ha Minh Duc - Nguyen Van Thanh recruited quite a number of research papers that appeared after 1945 on the prose of Liu Trong Lu Most notable is the article by Nguyen Van Long This researcher had remarkable generalizations: "Before the Revolution, Luu Trong Lu wrote more than a dozen episodes of short stories, novels, novels, many books were printed into books, some were stories Long posted in the newspaper Among them, works that have long-term value can

be said to be not much There is a fairly basic reason that authors often write quickly, write

hastily, not very often take care of their prose pages [119, tr.205 - 206] But the reason is also elsewhere, but this is mainly: Luu Trong Lu's pen is not a knack for discovering and describing real, not strong social relations in the power of observation and carving Portrait, personality, story building In any category, Luu Trong Lu goes on "letting his heart spread

on the page" Nguyen Van Long also said: "In more than ten years of writing before the Revolution, Luu Trong Lu has also written many novels, but most are still in the tendency

of romantic escape."

In 2011, Labor Publishing House, East West Language and Culture Center released Luu Trong Luu work - Short story, novel (full set of two volumes) As one of the two participants in collecting and compiling, Lai Nguyen An aroused the study of the prose prose Luu Trong Lu with the opening essay: "Luu Trong Lu is considered first as a poet; but the world of Luu Trong Lu poetry is in fact not separate, on the contrary, there is a continuation of the prose world he created, which is life in short stories, long stories he wrote Sometimes, some emotional ideas are only printed in a few verses, there will be a longer resonance, not just once, in short stories, long stories ” Nguyen An also noted that Luu Trong Lu's prose proclamation has been "perceived" more satisfactory in recent times

He also portrays the changes in Luu Trong Lu's "novel" composition on the subject aspect, indicating "the ability to feel and express contemporary life" in the writer's work He judged Luu Trong Lu's work "contains a kind of value as evidence of the specific color of life in his time - something that is not immediately apparent" Also according to Lai Nguyen An, Luu Trong Lu's composition is imprinted with the region Besides the real themes, customs the most outstanding is still romantic

Recently there are a number of master thesis topics that have studied the prose of Luu Trong Lu First is the essay Style of the prose of Luu Trong Lu in our period before 1945 (Truong Dai Vinh, 2012) In addition, there are some other essays such as: Short story characteristics Luu Trong Lu by Tran Hoai Ngoc (Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 2012); Features Luu Trong Lu's story by Le Phuong Thao (Truong Dai Vinh, 2013)

In general, the above mentioned works, articles and master's thesis only stop at general judgment, go into some genres or evaluate the narrative prose style of Luu Trong

Lu We cherish the preceding ideas because though many, have contributed a meaningful voice to look back at the prose of Liu Trong Lu's proclamation before the August revolution

Chapter 2 SYNTHESIS OF AESTHETIC TRENDS

IN THE NARRATIVE PROSE OF LUU TRONG LU BEFORE 1945

2.1 Some major aesthetic tendencies dominating Vietnamese literature in the first half of the twentieth century

2.1.1 Concept of aesthetic trends

In our thesis, the concept of aesthetic tendency is used to refer to the propensity to choose media, techniques and materials to express beauty in writing Aesthetic tendency, on the one hand is a specific expression of aesthetic conception, on the other hand, is an environment that helps form aesthetic concept, as a system of evaluation criteria, choosing beauty and chi coordinate creative activities and enjoy beauty

Aesthetic tendency exists in the form of spirit, as a direction that governs the whole

behavior, the whole choice, description, and expression of the author But when it is realized, the aesthetic tendency manifests itself in every structural element of an aesthetic phenomenon, which makes the recipient aware

Aesthetic tendency is a historical phenomenon There may be many different aesthetic trends that coexist for a period of time, or they will continue to play a dominant role in writing in the history of literature It is the diversity of aesthetic trends that enrich the spiritual life of the public

Intuitively, one can immediately identify any aesthetic tendencies that dominate literary life But to verify, specific criteria are needed When it comes to asserting the existence / existence of an aesthetic tendency, the following factors need to be considered: a) The thought foundation on which will arise aesthetic tendency; b) Cultural foundation defines the deep relationship between aesthetic tendency and all other factors that make up the spiritual face of a society, a national community; c) Systemality of options for aesthetic expression methods and means; d) Compatibility between the system of options and aforementioned aesthetic expression facilities with the entire conditions of social development in a certain period of time

2.1.2 The trend of classic aesthetic

"The trend of classic aesthetics" is a conventional concept set by us to indicate the direction of beauty with universal, formal, solemn, favorite harmony, balance in the composition of writer, poet This trend stems from the aesthetic tradition of national literature, most evident in the literary and later literary section, which has been modified by the successors on the basis of acquiring aesthetic principles of French classicalism, broadly speaking, is classicalism in Western literature

The classic aesthetic tendency dominates Vietnamese medieval literature for a long time Entering the modern era, this trend is no longer popular and is not the first choice of the composer but it is still maintained Its existence depends on the writer, each author approaches classic aesthetics according to their own organs In poetry, due to the specificity

of the genre, the mark of the classical tendency is most clearly expressed, expressed in the still-exaggerated words, in the way of image building, in the conception of harmony In Dong Ho, Quach Tan, Han Mac Tu, Bich Khe, Huy Can, Ngan Giang, Vu Hoang Chuong, Dinh Hung , the classic aesthetic tendency allows poets to create works sharp Of course, Luu Trong Lu also needs to be included in the number of poets who are still heavy with the classic aesthetic tendency, although he is among the most enthusiastic in the struggle for

"market share" for new poetry

Different from poetry, the classic aesthetic tendency leaves a fainter imprint in the narrative prose, including short stories, novels, and autobiographical forms The reason for this is because in the new literary era, The nature and structure of the genres has been changed The narrative of the stories of contemporary life has helped writers gradually

"liquidate" the old literary beliefs, towards a more democratic view of the object of description, accordingly, will find a form of compatible expression Of course, the

"liquidation" must also have a process In the prose's prose of the transitional period, the view of morality also governs the writing of many writers such as Pham Duy Ton, Nguyen

Ba Hoc, Ho Bieu Chanh, accordingly, influences the way of choosing topics, building images , choose their tone The rhetoric of rhetoric is still popular, making readers of the new era sometimes tired They partly diminish the "prose" which is a very important property of modern narrative prose works

2.1.3 Aesthetic trend of citizens

We use the concept of aesthetic tendency to show a modern aesthetic tendency, associated with the concept of people living in urban environments Aesthetic development

of the population along with the reception of Western influences in lifestyle and living; with the emergence of diverse and diversified material and spiritual needs; With the popularity of psychological fancy newness, preferred change All of these are associated with the rise of personal consciousness of bourgeoisie and bourgeoisie

Aesthetic beauty of the people associated with the romantic look, with the need to release the ego from the cramped environment The aesthetic tendency of the people in our country is not the time when the French colonialism appeared However, when the production relationship of capital goods appeared, with the emergence of urban areas, the rise of the bourgeoisie, the trend of aestheticism of new citizens flourished To meet the needs of readers, the composer must follow this aesthetic tendency, pay attention to new emotions, express new classes, new behaviors That is one of the reasons why writers when writing according to the aesthetic tendency, people often choose the content attached

to the attitude of heightening the ego, paying attention to the romance of emotions, the way

of expressing the words while being lyrical, polished and close life

New romantic poetry is the voice of the urban bourgeoisie who has escaped the political struggle of the nation New Poetry authors often go into the inner world, into the subjective, "I" In the prose, if many works of Ho Bieu Chanh, Ngo Tat To, Nguyen Tuan show the presence of classic aesthetic tendencies by promoting morality, customs, and seeking the beauty of the time In the old days, the works of Nguyen Cong Hoan, Vu Trong Phung, Nam Cao, Nguyen Hong tend to have a clear aesthetic tendency This is evident in the way writers exploit the subject, deploy the topic and aim to mass in the selection of art methods and means

In general, the trend of urban aesthetics denotes the need for innovation of literature to meet the demands of new, and earlier readers, to meet the expressing needs of creative subjects The aesthetic tendency of the local people is not a closed and closed nature but can encourage and promote many creative discoveries in different directions with modern spirit

In public literature from 1930 to 1945, it can be said that this tendency plays a key role, influencing the writing of some revolutionary poets like To Huu (of course, only on some aspects belong to art form and self-expression needs of the self)

2.2 The continuation of the aesthetic tendencies of the era in the prose of Lưu Trọng Lu before 1945

2.2.1 The premise of succession

Luu Trong Lu was born into a family with a Confucian tradition, studied at Hue National University and Hanoi He went to teach private schools, write and make newspapers for a living The author is also the composer, initiator and promoter of the new poetry movement As a person mainly trained and experienced in Western schools, the reception and modification of the aesthetic tendency of the era in the writer's prose before

1945 has been selected, bearing its own mark The source of that continuation stems from the author's preservation of the beauty of traditional literature and the flexible reception of new values of Western literature

In fact, the composition shows that Luu Trong Lu's soul is heavily influenced by old influences, including Tan Da poetry That influence created in him the love of old values and true values through the writings on Nguyen Du, on Truyen Kieu In prose are works that

bear the mark of medieval prose through the expression of moral or psychological tendencies, nostalgic for the past, attached to the old beauty

Tuy Luu Luu was influenced by traditional literature but still came to modern literature by the senses of romanticism, love and dreaming He was always conscious of preserving the continuity between tradition and modernity Those who love Luu Trong Lu's work also recognize the influence of French romantic literature in his writing: it is a romantic spirit; is an indeterminate state, which is an ego-dreaming individual The characters are often depicted in complex relationships, often living in urban environments, with a rich, emotional, introvert world

2.2.2 The convergence of aesthetic trends in the prose of Luu Trong Lu before 1945

Luu Trong Lu was born, grew up, studied and worked in an urbanized European environment The writer quickly manipulated and absorbed the aesthetic trends of many contemporary literary trends into his compositions Luu Trong Lu also has many pages of nostalgia for the past, regretful of feudal golden age Remembering the past may be a memory of the feudal family full enough, children are educated under the school of Chinese characters, rowing times, sailed to their hometown to get paddy rice so that the author expresses his feelings regret for a time that was far away, once the ball passed through the old Ben, the Family, the Green Stretcher The writers' writings are the collection of pieces of his own life

The trend of aestheticism in the composition of Luu Trong Lu expresses first in the attention described (with many sympathies) the Europeanized lifestyle and enjoyment psychology, including enjoyment in love The aesthetic tendency of the townspeople often hits the curiosity, wryly, squeezing out tears, so the content must be somewhat thrilling, far away, tricky and strange

Thus, the main aesthetic trends of the era were selected, collected and expressed

by Luu Trong Lu in composition The writer still expressed his regret for the beautiful memories and golden values for a while But on the other hand, the writer sees the inevitable victory of the Westernization of thought, of new values arising from the acquisition of Western lifestyles and activities All of this is reflected in the complex mood, emotions of the character, especially the character of the townspeople

in his work

2.3 The principle of reflection - manifested in the prose of Luu Trong Lu before 1945

2.3.1 Paying attention to the chaos in the character's feelings

With Liu Wei Lu, the mysteries of the characters as an underground circuit spread throughout the work The pain, sorrow, feeling of hindering, distant in the hearts of the boys

- the young girl in dating is interested by the writer to describe

Writing about the love of a couple in a rural and smoky village is a naive love story from the pasture of the pasture and the grass Also write about the compassion in the human soul, but in the novel I am a girl on the side of the door and The girl picking strawberries, Luu Trong Lu brings the reader to a love affair through the window that is linked by a thread string, or put correspondence into short stories to show the psychological and ideological world of the characters Besides the pain in the love of the boys - the young girl

is dating, Luu Trong Lu also writes about the nagging in the hearts of the characters who have become husband and wife Sometimes the leeway in the fate of the characters is integrated into the thrilling story by the writer

Overall, it can be said that public literature in Vietnamese literature from 1930 to 1945

was a literary part of thousands of songs This relates to the political-cultural-social context

of that time, which also relates to the strong domination of romanticism in Western literature plus similar influences from the novelist movement "New" of Chinese literature (also derived from the stimuli of Western literature) Although he also wrote about the characters' passions as contemporaries, but in his pages, Luu Trong Lu often pushed it into a smoky table space, similar to the space of sentences ancient story

2.3.2 Notice the description of the unfortunate fates of women

Having shared with the direction of composing of many contemporary writers, in his narrative prose compositions, Luu Trong Lu also chose to show the fate of unlucky women

as one of the principles of reflection - manifest in his aesthetic tendency

First of all, he depicts the image of the new girls in their modern ideas, wanting to find

a free love and a happy marriage life, but then face the reality of pain caused by themselves family and society cause (Miss Nguyet, Co Nhung, I am a girl at the door) In addition to expressing the unfortunate fate of girls living in urban environments and in the feudal family, Luu Trong Lu also wrote about the fate of the girls who have been prostitutes

When going into the tragedy of the female character, just as Lai Nguyen An commented, Luu Trong Lu not only saw the number of lives "as a wife all over them", but also realized a paradox, that is the definition talented artists and souls as pure as the good part of their people

The image of the mother in Liu Ni Lu's narrative prose also appears with misfortune and suffering The mother of the family, sacrificed because her husband and children were repeated many times in the narrative prose of Luu Trong Lu before 1945 as an obsession through novels: Family, Green stretcher, Wind-leaf wind, Ben Old, I'm a girl on the door Through relationships in the patriarchal lineage of the previous generation, the lower part of the family, Luu Trong Lu showed that the mother is a woman with an important position in the family, but also suffers a lot disadvantaged as a successor (concubine)

The fate of women is one of the topics that many writers expressed in the period

1930-1945 When writing about the fate of unfortunate women, Luu Trong Lu still has his own features: he cares about the fate of talented young, affectionate, and knowledgeable girls who are always unhappy The most impressive is the female students in the mandarin family, sent

to study in Western schools, know French, love French literature, have the concept of free love, but the remnants of grape consciousness outdated religion has pushed the fate such as Nguyet, Nhung, Can, Quynh must accept living a meaningless life or choosing death to liberate himself Through the status of women, Luu Trong Lu wants to convey a message: in the context of Vietnamese society on the road of Europeanization, there are many fate of disadvantaged and disadvantaged women While living in suffering, but they always preserve the beauty of the soul and that is the core, the eternal value that literature must improve

2.3.3 Coordinate harmoniously between distant space and specific space

Also depicting space in a sad, impassive look like the contemporaries, Luu Trong Lu noticed the interwoven space between the distant space and the specific space He disturbed real dreams, dreams with real, first with people, first created a virtual dream space hidden in earthly life In that space, animals can talk, birds can speak and understand human language, plants, flowers can dance and pebbles can smile

In the prose Luu Trong Lu, there are many motifs close to fairy tales and ancient stories, with the characters of King, Queen, Princess, Prince Although very "drunk" in creating far-away space, Luu Trong Lu does not forget to describe the specific space of real

life and space of memory This is also his forte This space is associated with memories and memories of the author about family, childhood and especially the image of the mother It also contains a special "far away" look, which is paradoxically compatible with the legendary virtual dream space

Chapter 3 THE HALLMARK OF THE NARRATIVE PROSE OF LUU TRONG LU

BEFORE 1945 AT THE SYSTEM OF THESIS AND IMAGE

3.1 Some outstanding themes and symbols of Vietnamese narrative prose before 1945

3.1.1 Principal topics

3.1.1.1 Family conflict

Family is not a new topic in literature in general and Vietnamese literature in particular From the medieval times, both in poetry and in prose, family relations have been shown deeply, whereby social issues are also enlightened under a unique perspective The family theme continues to be deepened in the writings of many writers before 1945 When exploiting conflicts in the family, writers have the opportunity to see the correlation between the efforts

of protection, preserving traditional morality and other changing aspirations, which are aroused by the stimulation of liberal ideology that promotes personal ego

At Ho Bieu Chanh's composition, family conflicts appear very well, when it is associated with forced marriage (Money money), when it is associated with attempts and interests (Teacher of interpretation) Through the family problem, Ho Bieu Chanh wanted to affirm the ethics of the grape house as well as the traditions of good behavior of the Southern farmers

Unlike Ho Bieu Chanh, the works of self-reliant authors exploited the fierce conflict between the rising personal consciousness and the traditional moral family's moral framework The writers of self-reliance and self-reliance have been on the side of the new, the positive to protect the right to life, the right to enjoy the happiness of women

The center of attention of critical writers is humanistic issues, first of all, the issue of clothing, oppression, exploitation, the issue of rich and poor However, in their work, family problems also appear haunting Two novels are both autobiographical: Nguyen Hong's Childhood Days and Manh Phu Tu's Living

Luu Trong Lu's prose prose before 1945 also mentioned family topics, but he did not exploit deep conflicts in traditional families or family breakdowns such as contemporary writers

He mainly uses memories and memories about family, lineages and hometowns as compositions

3.1.1.2 Rural tragedies

Until the first half of the twentieth century, Vietnam was still a backward agricultural country, with a population of over 90% being farmers It is entirely natural that farmers become a subject of primary interest in literature When it comes to this object, their tragic life in front of colonial exploitation by colonialism is of particular interest Vietnamese literature inherently has a tradition of compassion, therefore, rural tragedies always slander writers In addition, due to the influence of Western critiques of realism, digging into the misery of the bottom laborers has become an impulse to the depictive painter's writers Writing about the rural landscape must include Ngo Tat To, Nguyen Cong Hoan and Nam Cao Reportage The village of Ngo Tat To showed that backward customs, habits in the village have caused many disasters for farmers The general atmosphere that covered the