The maximum yield 1.48 t ha-1 at NT5 was found under the combined use of 10 tons CM ha-1+ 3.5 tons CaO ha-1+ NPK. It was also observed that some of the soil chemical properties were significantly influenced by the application of different treatments of lime and CM while total available N, available P, available K and OM were significantly affected by the application of both organic and inorganic fertilizers in different combinations.
Trang 1EFFECT OF LIME,ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON SOIL
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND YIELD OF CHILLI (Capsicum frutescens L.)
Nguyen Van Chuong1
1 An Giang University, VNU - HCM
Information:
Received: 19/07/2019
Accepted: 14/10/2019
Published: 11/2019
Keywords:
Chilli, cow manure, NPK,
lime, yield
ABSTRACT
Five treatments (NT1, NT2, NT3, NT4 and NT5) of organic fertilizer (processed 10 tons cow manure ha-1),liming (3,5 tons ha-1) and three rates
of inorganic fertilizer (NPK:90-60-60 kg ha-1) were evaluated on soil chemical properties and yield of chilli Significant effects of processed liming, cow manure (CM) and inorganic fertilizer (NPK)rates on nutrient were obtained Interaction effects between lime, CM and NPK were significant The results indicated that lime, cow manure in combination with lower doses of balanced inorganic fertilizers led to increases of soil organic matter, labile soil organic matter and available phosphorous in soil significantly compared to the control The maximum yield 1.48 t ha-1 at NT5 was found under the combined use of 10 tons CM ha-1+ 3.5 tons CaO ha-1+ NPK It was also observed that some of the soil chemical properties were significantly influenced by the application of different treatments of lime and CM while total available N, available P, available K and OM were significantly affected by the application of both organic and inorganic fertilizers in different combinations The chilli yield of treatments with organic manure, chemical fertilizers; lime, organic manure, and chemical fertilizers, created a significant difference compared to control treatments
The results showed that chilli yield increased significantly from 0.302 tons ha-1at NT3 (only CM) to 1.48 tons ha-1 at NT5 (10 tons CM ha-1+ 3.5 tons CaO ha-1+ NPK)
1 INTRODUCTION
Chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.) is one of the
high value commercial crops in An Giang
Chilli is a popular spice of Vietnam, and is
presently cultivated widely on a commercial
scale in the Mekong delta The total area under
chilli cultivation is 1,500 hectares with an
annual production of 7.46 tons With the
increasing demand for chilli for fresh
consumption as well as for processing and with its favourable price, there is tremendous potential for growers to venture into bird chilli
in An Giang Lack of technology for production
is among the factors limiting cultivation in the country currently The An Giang government recently identified high yielding varieties of chilli suitable for commercial cultivation and recommended them as the most suitable for large scale planting There is, however, little
Trang 2information on the agronomic requirement of
chilli, both locally and elsewhere This paper
presents the nutrient content and responses of
chilli to liming, organic and inorganic
fertilizers, with the objective of obtaining
information on the fertilizer requirement for
conventional as well as for organic production
of chilli
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
Chilli(Capsicum frutescens L.) is AFRICA F1
TN 223 of Trang Nong company The study
was conducted in My Hoa Hung, Long Xuyen
city, An Giang province.The experiment was
carried out in the field at areas inside the dyke
with 5 treatments:NT1:applied belong to
farmers (NPK:90-60-60 kg ha-1), NT2 (3.5 tons
CaO ha-1+10 tons cow manure ha-1), NT3(10
tons cow manure ha-1)NT4 (NPK+10 tons cow
manure ha-1) and NT5 (3.5 tons CaO ha-1+10
tons cow manure ha-1+NPK) with 4 replicates
The kind of irrigation water (river water), with
area of each replicate being equivalent to 24m2
(6m x 4m), planted in a single row with
distance of 50cm x 30 cm (three seeds/hole),
the distance between plants is 30 cm and row is
50 cm
Each of the plots was fertilized with a basal dose of N, P and K at 90:60:60 kg.ha
-1,(Iruthayaraj & Kulandaivelu,1973).The inorganic fertilizers used were urea, muriate of potash and single superphosphate All the lime,
PK and cow manures were applied before planting except manurewhich was applied in two split doses Half the quantity of nitrogen was applied as a basal dose before planting and the rest was top dressed 60 days after planting
Observations on plant height, number of tillers and leaves/plant were recorded (at 20, 45, 65 days and harvest) and the data were statistically analysed Besides observations on per plant, per plot and per hectare yield of fresh fruits were recorded and statistically analysed
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results of pH in soil (Table 1) showed it to
be quite suitable for growing chilli (pH = 6.66)
(Shakeel et al., 2017).The total nitrogen is average level for chilli (0.188%) (Kramany et
al., 2007).The Available Phosphorous is not
quite low level (30.1 mg/100g)(Kramany et al.,
2007)but available K and poor organic matter content (0.153 meq/100g) and (2.08%), respectively were low
Table 1 Soil particle size distribution and chemical characteristics at the first of the experiment
Trang 3Figure 1 Effect of NPK, cow manune and lime on soil pH before and after of the experiment
Table 2 Soil total N before and after of the experiment
* Values are the mean of four replicates Means within each column having different letters,are significantly
different according to LSD at 5 % (*)level
The results in Figure 1 show that the soil pH
before and after the experiment was statistically
different at 5% level Due to the application of
3.5 tons of lime per ha in NT2 (lime+cow
manure) and NT5 (lime + cow manure + NPK)
during the fertilizing stage,the pH values in
these treatments there were higher pH values of
the soil than before the experiment Treatments
using organic fertilizers with variable pH values
ranged from 6.53 to 7.69 and were higher than
treatments with pH values of 6.87 (except for
NT4 treatment).Paweena Rungruksatham &
Lampan Khurnpoon (2016) showed that organic
fertilizer, capable of forming complexes with iron and aluminum, which helps to raise soil
pH In general, pH values in treatments were relatively suitable for the development of chilli (Muthukrishman,1986)
Total Nitrogen (N): N is a nutritional element
that determines crop yield and the N in each soil type was dependent on the organic content
in the soil The soils that contained high humus,
had rich N content (Prasad et al.,2009) The
result in Table 2 showed that soil total N
Trang 4contents after of the experiment range from
0.113% (NT3) to 0 153 in NT5 Total N
content after the experiment in NT5 was the
highest compared to other treatments
Dobermann et al., (2000) showed that the total
N content in soil is not much changed with the agricultural system, and the total N treatments were average There were significant differences between treatments
Table 3 Effect of NPK, cow manune and lime on available P before and after of the experiment
Treatments
Available P (mg/100g)
* Values are the mean of four replicates Means within each column having different letters, are significantly
different according to LSD at 5 % (*)level
Available Phosphorous (P):P is a character of
soil fertility High P content of soil is rich
fertility soil, and high fertility soil is rich in P
level (Prasad et al.,2009The results in Table 3
show that available P in soil before and after the
experiment are significantly different according
to LSD at 5% (*) level The available P in cow
manure treatments ranged from 32.5 mg/ 100g
soil to 97.3 mg/ 100g soil The available P
content after the experiment in NT2 was the
highest compared to other treatments Vincent
(1986) showed that P content of organic
fertilizer affects available P over a long period
of time because, when mineralized, organic
matter will release P into soil solution, reduce P
adsorption and increase cell P in soil
Available Potassium (K):After the experiment,
the NT2 treatment had the highest available
potassium (0.170 meq/100g) On the other
hand, the lowest available potassium was recorded by only using cow manure with a highly significant difference when compared to other treatments (Table 4).The available potassium of all treatments was significantly different according to LSD at 5%
The amount of available potassium is often correlated with the potassium uptake by plants
In general, the response to K fertilizer is often found when the available K content is less than 0.2 meq /100g soil (Landon,1984)
The data in Table 4 shows that available Potassium in soil samples before and after the experiment was significantly different according to LSD at 5%.Available potassium after of soil in all treatments ranged from 0.12 meq / 100g (NT3)to 0.17 meq / 100g
(NT2).According to Dobermann et al.,(2000),
this available K is low to very low levels
Trang 5Table 4 Effect of NPK, cow manune and lime on available K before and after of the experiment
Treatments
available K(meq/100g)
* Values are the mean of four replicates Means within each column having different letters, are significantly
different according to LSD at 5 % (*)level
Table 5 Effect of NPK, CM and lime on O.M of chilli before and after of the experiment
Treatments
OM (%)
* Values are the mean of four replicates Means within each column having different letters, are significantly
different according to LSD at 5 % (*)level
Total Organic Matter (O.M.):The results in
table 5 show that the highest soil organic matter
content (1.67%) after the experiment was
obtained by the liming combined CM and NPK
treatment ,a significant difference with all other
treatments, while the lowest content (1.31%)
was obtained by the control treatment (Table 5)
The O.M values of chilli range from 1.91% to 2.27% and 1.31% to 1.67% before and after the experiment, respectively Many researchers have confirmed that soil organic matter is a nutrient source closely related to soil fertility, especially in hot and humid tropical conditions
(Prasad et al.,2009)
Trang 6Table 6 Effect of NPK, cow manune and lime on yield of chilli
* Values are the mean of four replicates Means within each column having different letters, are significantly
different according to LSD at 5 % (*)level
The treatment consisting of NPK along with
cow manure 10 tons ha-1and liming 3.5 ton ha-1
(NT5) exhibited the highest yield of fresh (1.48
tons ha-1) Balanced nutrition of organic and
inorganic nutrients maintains an optimum ratio
between the nutrients, which is of considerable
importance in improving the yield The analysis
of variance for yield is presented in Table 6
Significant effects were obtained for all the cow
manure, liming and inorganic fertilizer (NPK)
applications Interaction effects were
significant Mean yields obtained are presented
in Table 5 Yield ha-1 increased significantly
from 0.302 tons at NT3 to a maximum of 1.48
tons at NT5 All growth parameters were
improved when chilli plants received lime and
cow manure Moreover, a greatincrease of chilli
growth resulted from co-lime with cow manure
The yield of Chilli increased 5.0 times
compared to the only cow manure treatment
and 1.4 times compared to the control treatment
(applying NPK).The treatment consisting of
NPK along with cow manure 10 tons ha-1and
liming 3.5 ton ha-1 showed the effect of
improving soil fertility on productivity clearly
Continued application of other levels of lime
and organic matter enhanced yield and reduced
the need to use chemical fertilizer, pesticides
and ultimately conserved the environment and improved sustainability
4 CONCLUSION
Liming, cow manure and NPK had significant effect on the soil pH, OM, total available N,P
K in soil and were higher than that of the control The application of lime combined with cow manure and NPK increased yield of chilli
On the other hand, the highest soil total nitrogen percent and available potassium and phosphorous, and organic matter content were obtained by the lime combined with cow manure and NPK, while the soil available characters were improved for all treatments
Additionally, significant differences were observed between lime, NPK and cow manure
source treatments
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