1. Trang chủ
  2. » Kỹ Thuật - Công Nghệ

Bài giảng Lý thuyết thông tin: Cơ sở đại số - Phạm Văn Sự

9 57 0

Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)

THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU

Thông tin cơ bản

Định dạng
Số trang 9
Dung lượng 548,77 KB

Các công cụ chuyển đổi và chỉnh sửa cho tài liệu này

Nội dung

Bài giảng Lý thuyết thông tin: Cơ sở đại số cung cấp cho người học các kiến thức: Xây dựng nhóm - Phép cộng đồng dư, nhóm giao hoán, cấp của phần tử trong nhóm, nhóm con, vành giao hoán,... Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo nội dung chi tiết.

Trang 1



 !"#$%& '() #*+ ,-./01-23#(*"#4 5*6758(*-9(:+ ,#(%;

<=>.+ ,#?"#4#4*,@->*) #*A+ B#(*"#4

CDEDFECDGG

+ H#I6J#KL*J! AM#NO PL0; 0Q ?RISTJ+IU VWXWYXVWZZ ZX[\

0123

  

089':*'0;<)!='*'>'?@)AB

C DE>0 4FB)GHI&J )7HK'I&L

Y DETU3%+,489'FBP)I&WZ)[C<)!=)7)[CK)[C7)KXL

   \ ]]^

E$%&089'4_3"# !43)22*OA "#! !-#' >'?B

  ! "#$%&'(")*+

,-./01234567289:;6<=>?@ABCD8E9?@FG.6H54I/015672JABCD8EKL8LM

  ! "#kl&mno'p qr stu #*nsvw n*++

0123



 !"#$%"#&'( $)*+,*-! /+01" 2 3)"#456".1789( :,

.';"#$';"#8*6"#<*=.>

?9*3)"#456"@+AB.4! C"#-!.:,.';"#$';"#$%"#&'( "D4.9 E

N!.O".P E.F$'Q 95.D<R*<S TO".U"A7.4!

C"#"E-.';"#$';"#-AV0"#:A-.95$W* 2 .72"$%"#&'(>

X2 :,.';"#$';"#.'Y"#$'Q #2""Z"$1*&*=":A3)"#456"&';"#"[

"S 87"#:,>

\] ^_` a

k|zm~‹

Trang 2

! "#"$#% &'(#)*+,-""#."/0"$123 '4,156 ,477

89:;< =>?@A> = B;< =>? =C

DEFGHEIHJKHLMN= OEPHLQERMSHLJRQTUHEVWEXYETHQZQ[G\] HLY^_HH`Y\aMbHLJKHLMNcdQOef

! "#6 g

hi<jklmnopqrstutvtwwwtjxuyzn{>nk|mk=}nmk~=€8>k>im<jjxu

! "#"$#% &'‘*’“&4”+*#•"+–’“&"#—47

¡qœœz‚‚hj<š8A|‹Œm@Žm?ˆ¢mmk£mknz¤žk€Ÿ@A|>¥?BCz

‹8><k>¦§¨©ª«n¥¬nk|mkjklmno†¢m‚­

0123

 !!"#$%&$'()&*+,(-./!0&!1$2(3.45$6&7!8+ $)!89

:;<$7&8=$%&$'(>

A !&8=$%& !&8=$%&!8B%:C&7&78D($'(&*+E&8;&7

F2>

I*+ !&8=$%&$'(&8=)!89%JKLMN%JKLM (N.OPQRSTURVW(OPXYZ[\]^_]`a

0123

45678

 

!%&!$ '($ ) *

./ 010213 4567889:;<<=7> ?@1A> B

./ 01u v

(!(-‚ƒ „…65†…‡ˆ‰†Š ‹Œ…Ž ˆ‘ ’ 4“6”•†ƒ6– —˜™˜š™—˜›› œ™ž

0123

  

 !"#$%&%$ '()*+ ,+$ -$.&/%0/1/2/3$ -$.&

/ 4/1/5/3 6,"7%&%8 % 9:,;<

= )!" >"0+, .&*+$ -$%0?$ '(@AB*+$ -$%0@CD%

E8 +F;!/G/H

  V WWX

 )! 0+, .&K;>!"  6,"7<

Y J -$/5/%>8 % 90+, .&<,5MOM5,H

Trang 3

   !"#$ %

< =,>0(?@+ABA./0,1+(234+)5C=,1+(234+)53DE)FE0,>0ABA+*GHIE

NWm

uv w6xyz6{|7z} 4~6€ |‚ƒ ‚„ …x†zvx‡ ˆ‰Š‰‹Šˆ‰ŒŒ ŠŽ

01 2345

 

 ! "#$%&'()*+'",-! ".'//0$/12!'34353637"%& (8$)9*%:'(';<5 /=';<>

? )9'/,)($02/2!'"#$5@$/1343A/B'C"D'5."#$5@$/1343

F GHEIJ"K"%& 2L$MN/B'C"D'5 O0/1343P)9'/,) ($02/2!'"#$5@$/1363A/B'C"D'5."#$5@$/1363"%& (8$3Q37

 Z[\

]9*%:'(5@$M /^</L'J_#/B'C/^</L'A``abP"%& (8$*%:'( /^</L'7

]9*%:'(/^</L' c'"%& (8$)9*%:'(d02$_7]9*%:'(d02$_ Ue

"%& fg/$h<dWeX7

 

 ! " ### $!%&'()*+,-./''&'0)'1-1

./''(2345,)64789*6:;61<')/:-1=*>?2@

S TUVWXYVZ[\]^T_` a b`c d\eYfg^hijk^Yglmn^ho\ c d\eYfg^hijk^

lmn^hp

EFKƒ€EL„4789…

†‡ ˆ8‰Š‹8Œ9‹Ž 8‘’ “”• ”– —˜‰™š‹‡‰› œžŸžœ     ž¡¢

 !"#$%&'()*+ ,-*.!/,(0*+1

23 454657 8

9:;<=>?@ABBCDAEFGH=I=JKA=JLMAB&ANO=?PD;QAGRG=SA?G?T=UDOV

n opqfristopfropiu

n qorvspftopfrvpfu

&+'()*+!/,(0*+'…†‡ˆ,/*++‡*!"#$1

Trang 4

0123445



 !" #$%&#'())*+(, !- /( 01()23"45678698:::86;<9=> ?()

D*EFGAH, !"4I6786986J8:::86K<9L>M4IN78N98NJ8:::8NK<9L,O*H P#Q( G6B8NBC2R

S#P%(), !3"TM4I67TN7869TN986JTNJ8:::86K<9TNK<9LR

XY"4IXY678XY698XY6J8:::8XY6K<9L

Z H, !"9>"J>:::>";C->,[H#\FWX9>XJ>:::>X;C2> ]#^P $_`(

a(#b+"9>"J>:::>";@0^cH@d(#e[3

"4f

B

XB"B4X9"9TXJ"JTgggTX;";

!"#$#%&#'()*+,-+.-///-+01234#56789(!"#$#%&#'()2:#8!"(;<=>(?>@>=; A@B>5#C%&#'()>9D(@;:#(!"#C(@EF7E;G7E>FH7(I@4"(;<=>(?>@#JK#$#

%&#'()A@$#(LD>5(!"

!"#$#%&#'()*+,-+.-///-+01234#56789(!"#$#%&#'()"@M(@;:#(;<=>(?>@

>=;N:(@DO#N:(PQ%&#'()#C(@EF7E;G7E>FH7(I@4"(;<=>(?>@#JK#$#%&#'() A@$#(LD>5(!"

 

!" #$#%$& '

()**+,-.-/0-1*2345678698:::86;<9=>?*+,@,AB-CADEFBGGHAB/0-1*2I

IT

[opq_[r_ii^sWtbWucd[opq_[r_i

!" #$#%$& '

UVWXYWZ[\[]^_`W\eu€tbWucd[opq_[r_i

eˆdi‰_[Ё

 ! "!# $

%&'()*+(,-./01223-145(67)(8.9/:17;<7/=./01223-145(67)>?@A((/B

CD(8.(/3E'<.F/3G'H3IJ>KL

 !M N

O/BPQRSCDIT7()*+(,-./01223-145(67)>UV/3?84W3IX345(67)Q7YB12>

7Z17[3IT7\3]'H3^1_

QL-`Q`a-bQbaccca-debQdeb

4D\3]'H3^11DfCDH'f1/g7U

h>hLhihd

Trang 5

 

  ! " #

$%&'()*'+,*-./012)304/567/89/:&;<-.//=20&;>0?@8%A;<<B@;)304/5 C/:D;/:EF;<GH>,*-./8%A;<<B@;0&;0?@C;IJ)*0%K;IJ67/0L/M%N2 /JOI;/P;%;*&0?@'()*'+Q/L0,*@('(R@+'+S)TB@(S@+UGV0W;<,*-./ )304/5/%J.0>

  ! " #

$%&>,*-./8%A;<<B@;0&;0X0%BYJ80?@CH>Z,*-.//=2/7/0[0\0)304/5 /:&;<C]@&0%&^_U>)*^'U>Z /%`/P0%)A%ET;<_a'bcH>Z dEN0<eB,* 8%A;<<B@;dfB;<gJ0?@>

Ž Ế‘’“”•–—’˜™”’˜ š™›œỚž Ÿ– ¡—’ằ˜‘Ớẳẵ™‘ặ ™’

ờẢjởỡyjqpŨ

Ž Ứ’ợ˜—’Ừ™””˜ ợ™ổỬỚ›’œợ–’Ỳ™‘³Í

Ì ộỈĨÓửĨữ ÒỎ¾ự ầửÁ Áấ ẩẫỈậĨỈ +đẻđÉẻ+đ(( (Êẻẹỉ

!" #$% &

'()*++,-*./,*+012345-6789()*++,-*4:*2;<=>6789()*++,-*4:* 45-<

!" #$% &

2=>9()*++,-*4:*45-<?@>23=>6789()*++,-*./,*+0145-2A

B,6C2DEB,6C23DFB,6C<D

()*+,-./0123415,615,789:;,4,<=>2<69?@9A/6)*+,-B

C D EFGHIJKLMNFO PG QRSRTLMUV RWHWJXRO YZLHJ[LMH\LWFY]^LW_LR`FRaR

HWbLWcWdLefgHUhRaRWHWiRjbHIJKLMkJlRmnop\LMq

C D |_o}e~e~  e~ € e~ Ả e‚‚‚QƒRSQ\O „cO …G†j‡HHWKGkG hj LbPkSq

ˆ‰ Š‹ŠŒ‹Ắ ŽẾ‘’’“Ž”•–—‹˜Š–™’“Ž–š›œŠŒỚŽž Ÿ  ¡ằ

(*Ê,-6ẹ:;,4,-4ỉ/>ễ99A/@4ị,6ỹ6)1,-,4ƯỦB

C ồố LWLMWÔ F]XGcWỏcLWnLq

ˆ‰ Š‹ž ơ

ÝẺ ß'àáàâ ãảạă çáèé èê ẽìắàẺ îĩîðĩîĐĐ Đòĩ€Ả

01 2345678

&' ()* +

,-./012314546789.:.;<9=>?@ABCD<47<2E/FGHIJ<;K@/BE 7L

<;K@2BE.M=4K@NO.B

&' ()(P)Q RSTUV WX* YZ[

z{ |

@gig6B

Trang 6

01 2345678

0$ 4%&%'(&)7%*+,-8 1

/012EF42G34<HI567819:7;6J<K7LIM;;<=

>?2E2G@A>?2E@>?2G@A?2EBC@?2GBC@

/01234NO;567819:7;6;<=>?2P@A2QPRES?2BC@D /012EF42G34TUT567819:7;6J<K7LIM;;<=

>?2P

E2V

G@A2EQPRES2GQVRES?2EBC@?2GBC@D W<X;YZ[T\34Z[T56T]H^BC;<=56J<_7;`LaT\;YX78bc?^@34>?\@

de fgh ijklmnopqfgrfqstquqnovwfxyth z{ |}

~€‚\\ƒ„…†‡bˆ‰Š€‹bc?^@Œ

 ¡ ¢£¤¥¤ ¦§¨© ª¥« ¬ ­®¯°¤¡ G±²±³²G±EE GE²´µ

01 2345678



 !"!#"$ %&'"(!)*!#+,-!)".,/

0123456789:;<=>?@3=ABCDEB8FGHIJB4KLMN>?@3=A34OPQ3=?RPS

TUV+W

 !"u v

wKL>?x3=Ay?zB{|{=123456789BC=?}HIJBDL}O~L3D€L78FG9MP=?‚ƒMLQ3

=L„>BRƒ>?@3=A34OPQ3=?RP…>1L;L=L†‡ˆt‰56789

01 2345678



  ! " #$%&'()*+,!)-#./**+,0!123456

789:;<=>?@A;BC=C;<D=EF<E;G;HCIJ<<=>K?@LMNOPQRIJ<F8?@STU?V>W?@I

  i j

789:;<=>?@;HCIJ<<=>K?@LCQkEFQS`?QRIJ<F8?@STU?<8h

Œ  ƒ Ž‘’ “”•––—˜™š›œ‘žŸ‘ ¡ Ž¢Ž •š›ž“š£šœ¤š›¥˜¦§

Œ ¦¨©ª«¬­©®¯°¨±ª

  i j

²³;O;HCIJ<<=>K?@LCQkEFLMNOP|B´EQRIJ<F8Vµ?@Q¶T<B·C;HCIJ<F8

?@STU?<8h

¸¹ º»¼½¼¾ ¿ÀÁ ½ÃÄ ÃÅ ÆÇȼ¹ ÉÊËÊÌËÉÊÍÍ ÉÎËÎÏ

894  2

 !

"#$%&'()*+,-.'/0+12034/50678%9:;<=)*>?;0@4)0AB'C?B*D4)E

4F1=@4)*C=GH"#$%&

4F1=@4)*C=G78'O4F'Z'RTN<,[4F2-%9:

\LM4F"#$%&'(NO))L-P4F'M47]0'SB;8NO)RT4F1=@4)T^)L-P4F'M448=

Trang 7

 !"#$%$ &' ()*+,-./012"3/ $4$ 5%

6789:;<=>?@A?B?CDCECFG?HICJKLMNOPNQ<PNR<RPSSSP<TU

V WXYZ[\]^_]`ab cdefghij

V klYacmno pYlYqars\tYuvwxhyij

V z wxhyi{ |}\~Ă\apsa€Â\‚psaÊb vĂaĂlsYÔqars\tƠ†s‚Ư j

V klYqaˆq\ĂlsYÂsʂpsa‰sƠv\aÀY\a‹Yab cs€Â\YlYa\aŒsÊ\aŽsÊj

 #/‘"’‘“#%(.$/#/"& ”2"3/”-•/"Ả/"$ &%—“%4—-Đ%4')/#/"&

”™”-•/à ›,œ

ž ăÁăâÁđ êôêơÁẶươẨẪâẪ àăẬÈ ẺẺẼɰưẪ ẸỀ ẼỂỄỀ ẾăỄảẪ êỀ ·

ÌỈãÍNãỊ½¾Ò8<:Íáạ¾ằẳẵắặãầẵằẵẩẫãấậẫằ6789:ẫèẻÒ8<:ẽỊéẫằãỊÐẹỊềẫãể¾Ị ãỊặẫỊãể¾Ị¾ễN¾ế¾ÍNãỊ½¾ệỨ¾ãỊìẹỊỉẫãấậẫằ6789:;<=ĩ

íỡóFG?HIC?õóMóDLÒ8<:ớ@C ?ọồLMổỏLH678ẹ:;<=FợùAHDóòỏ?HủGðõ CũG<ú ụ ừQửữU

ứ$ ự%“ỳ%ỷỹ"ỳ' ýý%þẢ ỵỹ01 02 34”ỳ$ RO5O65ROQQ R7589

894  2

 !"#$%&"'%

() *+*,+- /(.0+12*,345*0+64789: ;: 0: <=>?@ 4*?;: @ A

TUPORVQW•y‘Ả€~×Đw™‘Ã|Ž~Ăw|›wyœ~É

12 345 6

789:;<=> ?@AB9CDEFGDF<H9:;IJK:F<CJLM9NOPQRSTUPORVQWN9X9YO

Z[\]^\_O`abc

€ ‚ÊÔƠ‚†ƠƯˆ‰ƠÀƠ‚‹Œ ŽƯ‚‘‚’ “Ơ”•ƠÀẢ‚—ƠÀẢĐ ™ÃƯ‚›œœž

ăƠÀÁŽâ ` đê

€ ô ơẢ”’ ẶưÁ’ ẨƠĐ ™ÃƯ‚›œ‹Ư‚Ặ”’ ẶưÁ’ ẨƠ”Ẫ’ÁàÃĐ ™ÃƯ‚›œœžăƠÀÁŽœ

Ư‚ẬƠÀưÃÈƠƯ‚Ã

}~lÍslmỊhhws@ɰtẸỀhvm½mỂvm{ỄhẸẾvảab¾

Ẹt·gÌtỈv¾

€ ơẢœƯ‚Ậ”’ ẶưÁ’ ẨƠ‹ÁẳƠÀẵ ắ ặẵ ầ žặẵ ẩ ž ẩ ặẫẫẫặẵ `ấầ ž `ấầ ậèẻ’

ẵ A ẽéÐẹâề

€ ô ơ‹ểƠÀâ ` đꍜƯ‚Ậễ‚Ảễ‚ếƠÀԂ†Ơ”’ “Ưệ

Ứ &"ìỉĩ"íịĩ0 ÝÞ"òỏ õịóọ óồ ổỗìốộĩ.ìờ ẩắởắỡởẩắầầ ẩớởợù

894  2

 !"#$%&!"'($)!"

:C9,IEJ/AK:L65EJ/:2:3BMNOPQRSTU

G9-3H:U

V SW65;<=-3>9;/^,-/_?:C9D-`a-3F,3:2:?3X,->Z32:Z3[,7:C9

-`bc,7PQRSWT

:2:?3X,-Y,7e=^,-3C=-`\,7-`bc,7PQRSWTU

Trang 8

894  2

 !"#$%&!"'($)!"*+,-!./#

068125

3456789:;<=9:>?@ABCDEF7;4G74HI9JK9:7L74;4MN;4O7L7PQN;4RM JS7T JUH7L7DM;4V7WX;4G74HI96456789:;4Y9:;4EZ9:;<=9:>?@AC[

;4G74HI9PeN]=fcP=W^HA@gC[

h ijklm n om p qm rnspt'urvBwxt

a4Y9:DŠHfHI97L7ƒ9:cN„9;<=9:;<EZ9:4F6;‹9:bcL;[

>?@ABC7…;4†7=H94E]8;a4Y9::HM9W57Œ;;<„9>?@AC

h Ž‘’“”•–—˜”•™š›œ B –—ž–Ÿ”‘‘’“”• ’¡ –¢–—˜”•™š›œ£

h ™š›œ B ¤™š›œ¥™š›œ B ¡–—¦§”•¨ž—“”•’©ª–—¦§”•’«‘”•¬­®”–¯œ°

™š›œ¡–—¦§”•’˜”°–—¦ž”•’¢±ž’«‘”•¬­®”–¯£

h ™š›œ B ’²–³’´ª”µ ¶¬–—¦§”•’˜”·±¬¸¹ µ º» ¼½¾¿’”•˜Ÿµ™š›œ£

Ă ÂĐrv B tÊ,ÔƠ#Ư#ÊÌÊỈÊ#$%&!"ÂĐrv p tĨÍỊÌpÍ Î%ỊÊÏÐÊÑƠB

ÒÌ Ó!ÏuÔ!ÕÖ,Ô' ר!Ù ÚÖÛÜ ÛÝ ÞßÏ(ăÔÌÏÐ âđêđôêâđxx âơêưì

894  2

78 9:; <

t]_iud\vwaGHIJLe\vsabxfGHIJLmno[\\vlyab]sa]zrGHIJKL]f]{|

ƒ„26…  94  56†

I§§§IIIš›¨œ©Lš¨ªœ©Lšª¨«œ©L§§§LšŸ‚¬`ab\_dxlŠ]h¤~biy]f\_g

°rmsi€‚

3456789:;59<=>?@ABCDE6FGH9IH:J8KLMN@DB:MO=PQ9GRST7

>?@ABCDEUN@DB

VW XYZ [

\]^_@DB`abcdefdghidjklkmndopnl>?@ABCDEdgq>?@ABCDEU_@DB`abcd

dorsnlt

u789>?@_BCDEU@D&vwB=9<;=x=TFH:;59<=5My8K:My8K5z{8K:|}~GTFH

=|=9<;}45:;59<==|€=`9{‚=H9ƒ85„…

† ‡ˆ‰Š ‹ŒŽ‘’Ž‘’Ž“”‘•–—Š ˜™š’›–œ””žŸ”– –¡¢£‘Š ‹Œ¤

† ¥˜–¦§¨©ª« ¬­ ®¨¬ & ¯°ª””¡±¢²””›£³‹‰”•”‰ ´µ›Š”¡±–˜–¤

† ¥˜–¦§¨©ª« ¬­ ®¨¬ & ¯°ª”œ‘´¶‘·±›¢¸‘¢£‘¹º»´¼‘™—³½‘¾™—

”»”Š ‰ ”¿™—¹»”Š ‰ ”ä

Â0 ,ĐÊ)Ô/Ê2 ƠƯÌỈ ĨÔÍ ÍỊ Ì,ÍÎÊ0,- ÏÐÑÐÒÑÏÐ(( Ó(ÑÓÔ

+, -.-/.0 123 4516 7

89:;<=>?:@=ABCD?::EFGHAIBJAKLMAKNO;<=>?:PQRS<ATU:BVS>WAX

( N<=>?:ABY>Z[P@\PFB9FG?AK:LHAK;C

+, -.-/.0 123 4516c.d -.efgh -ch i163 4516 7

D?:PQRS<N:LHAK@=AB;ZjkGKlP<=NQRS<GBmABATU:nA:oP>?:FBpA:qKaN

rSHGBH>lPFBpA:qGaNGY:BsZjkG`PsUQPtA<=:mGBGuS>^K@\P>?:KPv:Lw

>a;A=HZYC

K…Šy“€xyz{”ƒ•‰Š‹€…}|ƒ€Š–Ž€ŽŒ…ŒŽŽ—Ž€…˜’

£ˆ{™~Ž…Œ€¤•€Š¥¦§F¨©ª«¬§ª&­®¨x¯€ŠŒ{ˆ{—°¤±€… ²³€…‘€Š’

Trang 9

   !"# $% & $ ' ()"

*+ ,- /

012345678915:;<=>?@ABCDEF@D'GHB5IJ<IK<=LIM<=NO<IP9Q12NR<=S

) TU<5V6345N95IWX3;<6XYN95IWXXZI[P\]^XX9;<I_5]`<=ab=@DBc0 de6]^X5\65I6fQg

h 01234567891XIi<Ide6jIk<5lP6<I=@DBg

m =@DB12neXXo9D'GH5:;<=>?@ABCDEg

pq rstuvsw xyz{ |u} }~ €sq‚ hƒ„ƒ…„hƒ)) mm„m†

0122345637809

...

:C9,IEJ/AK:L65EJ/:2:3BMNOPQRSTU

G 9-3 H:U

V SW65;< =-3 >9;/^ ,-/ _?:C9D-`a-3F,3:2:?3X ,-& gt;Z32:Z3[,7:C9

-` bc,7PQRSWT

:2:?3X,-Y,7e=^ ,-3 C =-` \, 7-` bc,7PQRSWTU...

''()*++ ,-* ./,*+01234 5-6 789()*++ ,-* 4:*2;<=>6789()*++ ,-* 4:* 4 5-& lt;

!" #$% &

2=>9()*++ ,-* 4:*4 5-& lt;?@>23=>6789()*++ ,-* ./,*+014 5-2 A...

!" #$#%$& ''

()**+ ,-. -/ 0-1 *2345678698:::86;<9=>?*+,@,AB-CADEFBGGHAB/ 0-1 *2I

IT

[opq_[r_ii^sWtbWucd[opq_[r_i

Ngày đăng: 13/01/2020, 02:51

🧩 Sản phẩm bạn có thể quan tâm